Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthodes d’analyses non invasives'
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Freni, Valentina. "Apport de l'imagerie scientifique à la caractérisation des pigments des œuvres du peintre orientaliste Etienne Dinet." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS261.
Full textThis research aims to contribute to the study and characterization of the pigments used by the French painter Étienne Dinet at the dawn of the 20th century. Our approach draws on painting manuals written by the artist (Les fléaux de la peinture), in which he shows his search for materials to be used in painting. Based on these writings, a database of scientific photographs and reflectance spectra (visible and near infrared) was created to determine the pigments used in his paintings. Seven paintings were then studied. Scientific imaging enabled us to characterize the painter’s palette, especially when we had the opportunity to combine several analytical techniques producing complementary data. We have thus shown the value of using a set of non-invasive imaging techniques simultaneously for pigment characterization: no pictorial material is required and the low amount of light radiation during measurements does not affect its conservation. Technical photography can provide a lot of information about the state of preservation of a painting and allows us to detect restoration interventions done over time. It also allows us to make hypotheses about the painter’s palette. To confirm these hypotheses, analyses such as X-ray fluorescence and hyperspectral imaging, which provide more accurate information and more direct interpretation, are required
Archou, Tidjani Mohamed. "Activité des antiinflammatoires à usage dermatologique : évaluation par des méthodes invasives et non invasives." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA114827.
Full textJacques, Didier. "Nouvelles méthodes non invasives d'exploration de la fonction cardiaque." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10093.
Full textDoppler Tissue Imaging (DTI) is a new echographic technique to assess cardiac function. Three studies defined its interests and limits. The first one showed that early diastolic wall velocities were preload dependent, limiting their value in the assessment of ventricular filling pressures. The second one suggested that myocardial performance index depended on contractility but also on load conditions. The third one emphasized that DTI has an interest in the quantification of ventricular asynchrony. Concerning the prediction of fluid responsiveness, our studies suggested that respiratory variations in pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude could be useful. In case of intra-abdominal hypertension, respiratory variations in arterial pressure are still reliable, but respiratory variations in inferior vena cava area are not
Laurent-Demir, Catherine. "Étude de l'amnésie rétrograde graduelle étendue à l'aide de méthodes invasives et non invasives chez la souris." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10632.
Full textFerré, Pierre. "Étude des lésions musculaires iatrogènes : méthodes non invasives d'évaluation quantitative et mécanismes physiopathologiques." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000694/.
Full textHayem, Anita. "Caractérisation de pigments sur des peintures de chevalet par méthodes optiques non-invasives." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CERG0770/document.
Full textVarious techniques are currently used to characterize pigments on easel paintings. The present study focuses on optical techniques, especially spectrophotometry, hyperspectral imaging, photography and infrared spectrometry. These techniques are non-invasive, without contact, non-destructive and request no sampling.A technical comparison of the different devices is given before testing the efficiency of the commonly used methods for pigment characterization – pigment identification (pure or in a mixture) and pigment quantification in mixtures. With respect to the pigments themselves, the pre-18th century period was chosen in particular, as the number of pigments was limited and the mixtures quite simple.Analysis of cultural heritage by hyperspectral imaging has been developing fast over the past few years. This technique generates large amounts of data that are complex to process. A simplified method was developed to process the data. An evolutionary approach was chosen to extract image data and this methodology used takes its roots in false color traditional photography. Indeed, three false-color composites were generated by choosing a composition of spectral bands in order to maximize the spectral differences between the pigments of a same color category (blue, red, yellow or green).In a first step, optical techniques were tested on pigment mock-ups (pure or mixed). The variable composite methodology was applied on paintings by Eustache Le Sueur, a French painter from the 17th century. Finally the results were compared to those achieved by classical analytical tools currently used for cultural heritage such as X-ray fluorescence and optical microscopy. The results are quite consistent and very promising in favor of a more regular use of the hyperspectral imaging method
Cuevas, Salvatierra Mauricio Andrés. "Méthodes non-invasives de diagnostic de défauts et d'analyse thermique des machines synchrones à pôles saillants." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0209/document.
Full textThis work aims to develop non-invasive monitoring techniques on AC rotating machines so that their implementation is easy in an industrial environment. For this purpose, two independent methods are described: a fault diagnosis in alternators connected to the local power gird and an exploratory study to evaluate the internal temperature of AC rotating machines.The first method relies on the analysis of two physical magnitudes: the stray magnetic field radiated outside from the external frame and the vibrations content of machine structure. Mathematical models have been developed in order to correlate magnetic and mechanical phenomena which occur in three different machine states: healthy and in two winding short-circuit faults both in the stator and in the rotor. These results were then validated experimentally in laboratory as well as on large machines in industrial environment. A first diagnostic prototype is presented capable to be implemented in industrial environment in order to detect short-circuit faults in larges alternators.In a second time, a temperature estimation method is proposed based on observations concerning variations in material characteristics of windings as temperature increases. Thus, the localizations of impedance resonant frequencies are impacted, which was verified experimentally as well.This thesis work allowed to verify diagnostic feasibility and on-line monitoring methods in rotating machines in a non-invasive way in industrial environments
Leboulanger, Nicolas. "Évaluation de nouvelles méthodes peu invasives d'exploration des voies aériennes supérieures de l'enfant." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832999.
Full textMondon, Philippe. "Polymorphisme génétique et virulence d'Aspergillus fumigatus : étude de souches invasives et non invasives par méthodes moléculaires et corrélation avec un modèle murin d'aspergillose pulmonaire invasive : caractérisation moléculaire de souches invasives au cours d'une enquête européenne multicentrique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE18009.
Full textValière, Nathaniel. "Amélioration et optimisation des méthodes non-invasives et des marqueurs microsatellites en biologie des populations et de la conservation." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10075.
Full textKalach, Nicolas. "Mise au point et validation des méthodes non invasives biologiques impliquées dans le diagnostic des infections gastriques à Helicobacter Pylori chez l'enfant." Amiens, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AMIED001.
Full textThe purpose of our study was to access the validity of the serodiagnosis ELISA type IgG and the urea breath test 13C(13C-UBT), in non invasive diagnosis and follow up of Helicobacter pylori infection (H pylori) in children. The results of a serological test (Cobas Core Roche, IgG, 2nd Generation) were compared with those of endoscopical gastric biopsies analysed by bacteriological culture and histology (reference method). This test seems to be sensitive and benefic, but a negative result does not exclude the diagnosis, especially in children under 10 years. On the other hand, this test exhibited a very poor sensitivity in the follow up of infection. Thus, endoscopical gastric biopsies for culture and histology remains the reference methode for the determination of acute H pylori infection in children. H pylori was searched for in children by bacteriological counts and culture on antral biopsies and by 13C-UBT. 13C-UBT is sensitive and specific in children ; it is correlated with biopsy bacteriological counts, suggesting the use of this test in the follow up of infection. The use of a two samples collected at T0 and T40 is also sensitive and specific and T40 seems to be the best discriminating time. The use of a single sample collected at T40 appears sufficient to define the H pylori status in children
Lacanal, Evelyne. "Méthodes non-invasives (PAS et rPAS) d'induction de plasticité corticale appliquées sur les muscles extenseurs du poignet chez les sujets sains et les patients hémiplégiques." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1097/.
Full textBoth methods such as Paired Associative Stimulation (PAS) combining peripheral nerve stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation at low frequency (0,1 Hz) during 30 minutes and rapid rate Paired Associative Stimulation (rPAS) at high frequency (5Hz) during 2 minutes, are able to induce plastic changes in humans. Changes of cortical excitability have been investigated in healthy subjects, after a PAS (n =17) and rPAS protocols (n=12) applied on the wrist Extensor Carpi Radialis (ECR) muscle. Both methods have also been applied on hemiplegic patients (PAS (n=6), rPAS (n=3)), in one session performed one, five and twelve months after the stroke in order to investigate their feasibility and changes of cortical excitability and motor performances of the paretic hand induced by the intervention. Both methods, PAS and rPAS, were able to induce in the healthy subjects as well as in the hemiplegic patients lasting changes in cortical motor excitability of wrist muscles (ECR Motor Evoked Potential Facilitation) with electrophysiological characteristics compatible with a LTP-like mechanism. In the hemiplegic patients, the facilitation post PAS was more easy to induce in the first months of the recovery that one year after the stroke. The more shorter and comfortable rPAS protocol allowed to highlight a transient improvement of motor performance in the 3 patients investigated. These results suggest that these non invasive neuromodulation methods can be proposed as a therapeutic adjuvent in hemiplegic patients and if repeated several days could probably facilitate the natural plastic changes occuring in the recovery phase of a stroke
Debellemanière, Eden. "Optimiser le sommeil lent profond par des méthodes innovantes et non-invasives : mise au point technique, applicabilité et conséquences chez le sujet sain en restriction chronique de sommeil." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2369&f=17185.
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Fedchuk, Larysa. "Progression et tests diagnostiques de la stéatose hépatique non alcoolique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066210/document.
Full textNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) covers a spectrum ranging from isolated steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and is becoming one of the most frequent causes of chronic liver disease, mainly because of its close association with the worldwide epidemic of diabetes and obesity. Liver steatosis can predict the occurrence of metabolic complications associated with insulin resistance, such as diabetes and cardiovascular events. Our understanding of the natural history of NAFLD is still incomplete. Currently, the explicative model is based on a dichotomy between steatohepatitis, considered the progressive form of the disease, which can lead to cirrhosis and isolated steatosis with or without minimal inflammation, which is considered a non-progressive condition that does not impact overall survival or result in liver-related mortality and morbidity. This dichotomy largely determines the management of NAFLD patients: patients without steatohepatitis usually do not undergo specific monitoring for liver disease progression. Liver biopsy is considered the reference diagnostic method but its implementation in clinical practice remains limited due to procedure complexity, invasiveness, cost, potential complications, sampling error and inter-observer variability. Non-invasive methods of hepatic injury have become a real alternative to liver biopsy for the diagnosis of patients with chronic liver disease in the past decade. The aims of this thesis were: 1) to better understand the histological course of the disease, to better identify patients at risk of histological progression based on initial histological findings and to establish a correlation between histological changes and the course of metabolic co-morbidities often associated with NAFLD : 2) to establish factors associated with short-term variability of repeated measurements of elastometry in patients with chronic liver diseases in order to understand how this non invasive procedure can be used for patient monitoring 3) to determine the diagnostic value and limitations of several steatosis biomarkers using liver biopsy as a reference standard in a large cohort of patients with suspected NAFLD. Our study shows that a fraction of patients with isolated steatosis can unambiguously evolve towards well-defined steatohepatitis, and in some of them, bridging fibrosis. The presence of mild lobular inflammation or any amount of fibrosis substantially increases the risk of histological progression in the mid-term while those with steatosis alone are at lowest risk. Patients with disease progression experienced a deterioration of cardio-metabolic risk factors. Our data if validated by independent studies, allow for better stratification of patients at risk of disease progression. The results of this study favor a change in the practices of monitoring and risk assessment of patients with steatosis but without steatohepatitis
Biron, Carole. "Pigments et colorants dans l'art de l'estampe japonaise ukiyo-e (XVIIIe - XIXe siècles) : apports de l'imagerie hyperspectrale et de la spectroscopie infrarouge." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30032.
Full textUkiyo-e means the prints produced in Japan between the 17th and 19th centuries. They reflect the social and economic changes in Japanese society during the Edo period (1615-1868), era of peace and prosperity, and adopt a new iconography depicting scenes of everyday life and the pleasures of life. The techniques and materials used by artists are also changing. The first coloured prints appear in the early 18th century. From the 19th century, with Japan's economic opening, chemical pigments imported from the West enrich the available color palette. The Federico Torralba Collection (Museum of Zaragoza, Spain) includes ukiyo-e prints representative of the 18th and 19th centuries. Access to this corpus gives us the opportunity to study the materials used, through appropriate non-invasive and contactless methods, and to follow the evolution of technologies and/or materials (local or imported) used. A methodological development is imperative to analyse and characterise these materials (pigments, dyes, binders), including organic dyes which are difficult to identify. Reflectance spectroscopy techniques in the infrared (FORS) and Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) are theoretically capable of distinguishing organic from inorganic materials. However, the analysed works are often complex systems and the data obtained are difficult to interpret with certainty for the most of the time. It is therefore essential to establish a multianalytical strategy to cross the data in order to get maximum information allowing the identification of materials. The study of the evolution of materials over time gives the opportunity to obtain important information in art history and history of technology, reflecting the cultural and societal evolution in 19th century Japan
Ferré, Pierre. "Etude des lésions musculaires iatrogènes: Méthodes non invasives d'évaluation quantitative et mécanismes physiopathologiques." Phd thesis, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7747/1/ferre.pdf.
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