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1
Kersan-Skabic, Ines. "Is internal devaluation policy in the EU effective?" Ekonomski anali 61, no. 211 (2016): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1611029k.
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This research provides indepth analysis of the causes and outcomes of internal devaluation policy in EU. It is conducted using statistical and econometric tools on a sample of three groups of EU member states: EU new member states, PIIGS, and the rest of the EU (EU-core). The analysis points to the key drivers of economic growth in the whole of the EU as being productivity and investment (and consumption in EU new member states and EU core members). Unit labour costs are relevant for GDP growth in PIIGS but with a positive sign, while for the rest of the EU it is not a significant variable. The policy of internal devaluation is unsuitable for application in any EU member states, due to individual specificities. The solution is stronger EU governance that takes the heterogeneity of EU member states into consideration in the process of creating policies and finding solutions.
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Johanes, Johanes, and Susanto Soekiman. "ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR INTERNAL PERUSAHAAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN PT. PETRO CENTRAL GRESIK." EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 9, no. 4 (January 1, 2007): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2005.v9.i4.2394.
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Human as source, as generally and their live looking for happiness while constitute of equation from live satisfaction. Every individual has satisfaction level while different – appropriate with value – has been valid in their self. More many aspects in the job while equation with those individual desire so more lower of satisfaction level that he feels. Satisfaction work according Herzberg (1957:107) configured to be 2 category that is: satisfaction or motivator and dissatisfies or hygiene factor. Satisfies is factors as source of satisfied work configure: opportunity achievement, confession, responsibility, work while more challenge and dissatisfies configure: work condition, salary/ fee, supervision/ leadership style while constitute of dissatisfies work. To increase productivity and effective work of employ the researcher adopt problem satisfied work of employ PT. Petro Central Gresik. Research while writer has been done with used analyst factor from program SPSS. Result finding variable while dominan affect work satisfied employ is salary variable/ fee (X2) with loading 0,86. Beside that influenced by six other variable that is in a series: variable of leadership style with loading 0,8; variable of work condition with loading 0,78; variable working while more challenge with loading 0,77; and variable confession with loading 0,74.Based on that finding, the researcher suggest for PT. Petro Central Gresik to increase satisfaction work of employ, where more give attention is: the leader of company should cooperate to increase satisfaction work of employ as whole, this very important to maximize result, because higher of work satisfaction employ could be increase productivity and effective work of employ, so leader of company holding on 2 core factor and 7 variable, with stress of core factor also variable while dominant influenced about work satisfaction, so can increase that productivity and effective work.
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Soekiman, Johanes F. X. Susanto. "ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR INTERNAL PERUSAHAAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN PT. PETRO CENTRAL GRESIK." EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 9, no. 4 (September 17, 2018): 585–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2005.v9.i4.312.
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Human as source, as generally and their live looking for happiness while constitute of equation from live satisfaction. Every individual has satisfaction level while different – appropriate with value – has been valid in their self. More many aspects in the job while equation with those individual desire so more lower of satisfaction level that he feels. Satisfaction work according Herzberg (1957:107) configured to be 2 category that is: satisfaction or motivator and dissatisfies or hygiene factor. Satisfies is factors as source of satisfied work configure: opportunity achievement, confession, responsibility, work while more challenge and dissatisfies configure: work condition, salary/ fee, supervision/ leadership style while constitute of dissatisfies work. To increase productivity and effective work of employ the researcher adopt problem satisfied work of employ PT. Petro Central Gresik. Research while writer has been done with used analyst factor from program SPSS. Result finding variable while dominan affect work satisfied employ is salary variable/ fee (X2) with loading 0,86. Beside that influenced by six other variable that is in a series: variable of leadership style with loading 0,8; variable of work condition with loading 0,78; variable working while more challenge with loading 0,77; and variable confession with loading 0,74.Based on that finding, the researcher suggest for PT. Petro Central Gresik to increase satisfaction work of employ, where more give attention is: the leader of company should cooperate to increase satisfaction work of employ as whole, this very important to maximize result, because higher of work satisfaction employ could be increase productivity and effective work of employ, so leader of company holding on 2 core factor and 7 variable, with stress of core factor also variable while dominant influenced about work satisfaction, so can increase that productivity and effective work.
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Pan, Jiaying, Lin Chen, Haiqiao Wei, Dengquan Feng, Sili Deng, and Gequn Shu. "On autoignition mode under variable thermodynamic state of internal combustion engines." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 5 (September 4, 2018): 856–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418796617.
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Autoignition modes under premixed combustion conditions are usually studied in constant-volume configurations. However, the autoignition events related to knocking combustion in spark-ignition engines do experience variable volumes in combustion chamber and ever-changing thermodynamic states caused by reciprocating piston motion and main flame front compression. Such combustion situations may lead to different autoignition modes from constant-volume scenarios. Using one-dimensional direct numerical simulations with detailed chemistry and transport of H2/air mixture, the autoignition modes during knocking combustion were studied under different engine combustion boundary conditions. It was the first to identify important influence of variable thermodynamic states on the development of autoignition modes through changing critical temperature gradients. Four autoignition modes—thermal explosion, supersonic deflagration, detonation, and subsonic deflagration—were observed, which, however, were quantitatively different from the constant-volume configurations in regime boundaries. Meanwhile, on comparison with intake temperature and equivalence ratio, intake pressure shows greater impact on detonation formation, characterized by a regime extension under high intake pressures. To classify the autoignition modes responsible for various knocking events with different intensities in a straightforward manner, a regime diagram was proposed based on the temperature gradients and the effective energy density used for universally quantifying various intake conditions. This diagram was found useful to determine the distributions of different autoignition modes (especially for detonation) and the potential approaches for achieving maximum thermal efficiency while suppressing engine knock. In addition, detonation mode was prevailing under high effective energy density conditions, and the underlying reasons were ascribed to the significant reduction of excitation time and pre-flame temperature increases by pressure wave.
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Huijiao, Duan. "Internal Control, Manager ability and Enterprise performance – Empirical Analysis Based on DEA data Envelopment Model." E3S Web of Conferences 292 (2021): 02027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129202027.
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Internal control has become an important part of corporate governance. This paper selects all Chinese A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2019 as samples to study the relationship between internal control and corporate performance, and to investigate the effect of managers’ ability on the process of internal control affecting corporate performance. It is found that there is a significant negative correlation between internal control defects and enterprise performance, which indicates that there are significant internal control defects, which will restrain the enterprise’s financial performance; the effectiveness of internal control operation is significantly positively correlated with enterprise performance, which shows that the operation of effective internal control helps to promote the financial performance of enterprises. When we introduce management competence as a moderating variable, we find that competent managers can improve financial performance in an effective internal control environment.
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Kidron, Aviv, Yuval Ofek, and Herztel Cohen. "New perspective on the black box of internal auditing and organisational change." Managerial Auditing Journal 31, no. 8/9 (September 5, 2016): 804–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-07-2015-1220.
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Purpose The shift from the traditional audit towards performance audit implies that internal auditors in the public sector function as change agents who underpin the fundamental change process. This paper aims to propose a model that identifies the determinants of organisational change in the public sector that result from internal auditing and the way internal auditors facilitate it. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual discussion of this paper is based on a review of relevant literature, both practical and academic. Findings This paper develops an innovative model that describes the factors leading to auditees’ change readiness after undergoing internal audit processes. The independent variable is audit information quality and the dependent variable, organisational change. Auditees’ perceptions is the mediator variable, and accessibility to audit information is the moderator variable. Practical implications The proposed model suggests the advantages that can be gained by audit-related services, which in turn will add value to the organisation. The relationships between the variables inform practitioners on how to support effective audits as a means of increasing performance and influencing organisational change. Originality/value As the paper offers an innovative model, it may open up new research areas in internal auditing that can be studied by using both qualitative and quantitative methods.
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Binamer, Yousef, Laura Sowerby, and Therese El-Helou. "Treatment of Ulcerative Necrobiosis Lipoidica with Topical Calcineurin Inhibitor: Case Report and Literature Review." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 16, no. 6 (November 2012): 458–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/120347541201600621.
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Background: Ulcerative necrobiosis lipoidica (UNL) is an uncommon disease, which is frequently recalcitrant to available therapies. It is characterized by well-defined, ulcerated plaques with indurated borders and atrophic centers. Multiple therapeutic options have been described, with variable success rates. Objective: To report the efficacy of using topical tacrolimus in treating UNL. Method: Topical tacrolimus was used in the treatment of two patients with UNL. Result: Topical tacrolimus is effective in treating UNL. Conclusion: Topical tacrolimus is a reasonably effective choice in treating UNL. Contexte: La nécrobiose lipoïdique ulcérée (NLU) est une maladie rare, qui est souvent réfractaire au traitement. Elle se caractérise par des placards ulcérés et bien définis, des bords indurés et des centres atrophiques. Différentes formes de traitement ont été utilisées et se sont soldées par des taux variables de réussite. Objectif: L'étude visait à faire état de l'efficacité du tacrolimus topique dans le traitement de la NLU. Méthode: Nous avons fait usage de tacrolimus topique dans le traitement de la NLU chez deux patients. Résultat: Le tacrolimus topique s'est montré efficace dans le traitement de la NLU. Conclusion: Le tacrolimus topique est un moyen relativement efficace de traitement de la NLU.
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Sun, Xinchao, Lianyu Zhao, and Zhenzhong Liu. "A model reference adaptive variable impedance control method for robot." MATEC Web of Conferences 336 (2021): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133603005.
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As a simple and effective force tracking control method, impedance control is widely used in robot contact operations. The internal control parameters of traditional impedance control are constant and cannot be corrected in real time, which will lead to instability of control system or large force tracking error. Therefore, it is difficult to be applied to the occasions requiring higher force accuracy, such as robotic medical surgery, robotic space operation and so on. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a model reference adaptive variable impedance control method, which can realize force tracking control by adjusting internal impedance control parameters in real time and generating a reference trajectory at the same time. The simulation experiment proves that compared with the traditional impedance control method, this method has faster force tracking speed and smaller force tracking error. It is a better force tracking control method.
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Mahmoud, ADAMU Mohammed, and Y. M. DAMAGUN. "Determinants of Internal Audit Effectiveness in the Nigerian Paramilitary Agencies." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. XI (2023): 1005–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7011079.
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The objective of this study is to examine the determinants of internal audit effectiveness in the Nigerian paramilitary agencies. The methodology of the study is qualitative using a questionnaire as a primary data source. The population and sample size comprises of three hundred and forty (340) audit staff from six (6) paramilitary agencies in Nigeria. The period of this study covers 10 years (2013-2022). Normality Test, Correlation, Regression Analysis were conducted on the collected data. The regression results revealed that internal audit quality with “β” and “sig” values of 0.125, and 0.044 respectively. Hence, internal audit quality has statistical significant impact on internal audit effectiveness of Nigerian Paramilitary services, it also shows that Independency of audit staff with “β” and “sig” values of 0.037, and 0.578 respectively. This indicates that the variable has a positive effect and it is statistically insignificant at 5% because the p-value is greater than 0.05. Hence independency of audit staff has no impact on internal audit effectiveness of Nigerian Paramilitary services, the results also revealed that Professional proficiency and competence of audit staff with “β” and “sig” values of 0.086, and 0.151 respectively. This indicates that the variable has a positive effect and it is statistically insignificant at 5% because the p-value is greater than 0.05. Hence professional proficiency and competence of audit staff has no impact on internal audit effectiveness of Nigerian Paramilitary services, also Organizational setting with “β” and “sig” values of -0.051, and 0.415 respectively. This indicates that the variable has a negative effect and it is statistically insignificant at 5% because the p-value is greater than 0.05. Hence, organizational setting has no impact on internal audit effectiveness in Nigerian Paramilitary services. The regression results revealed that internal audit quality with “β” and “sig” values of 0.189, and 0.003 respectively. This indicates that the variable has a positive effect and it is statistically significant at 5% because the p-value is less than 0.05. Hence, scope of internal audit work has impact on internal audit effectiveness of Nigerian Paramilitaries services and the results revealed that management support with “β” and “sig” values of 0.398, and 0.000 respectively. Hence, management support has statistical significance impact on internal audit effectiveness of Nigerian Paramilitary services. Therefore, we recommend that Internal audit staff should be fully independent in order to have unbiased internal audit report. Paramilitary agencies should implement policies and procedures against which organizational settings are to be gauged. The policies and procedures should be well-understood by the management staff so as to allow the setting of the organization to be effective. Finally, management of Nigerian Paramilitary agency should give support to the internal audit on widening the scope of the audit work in order to have a more reliable and effective internal audit report.
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de Lavergne, Casimir, Gurvan Madec, Julien Le Sommer, A. J. George Nurser, and Alberto C. Naveira Garabato. "The Impact of a Variable Mixing Efficiency on the Abyssal Overturning." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 2 (February 2016): 663–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0259.1.
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AbstractIn studies of ocean mixing, it is generally assumed that small-scale turbulent overturns lose 15%–20% of their energy in eroding the background stratification. Accumulating evidence that this energy fraction, or mixing efficiency Rf, significantly varies depending on flow properties challenges this assumption, however. Here, the authors examine the implications of a varying mixing efficiency for ocean energetics and deep-water mass transformation. Combining current parameterizations of internal wave-driven mixing with a recent model expressing Rf as a function of a turbulence intensity parameter Reb = εν/νN2, the ratio of dissipation εν to stratification N2 and molecular viscosity ν, it is shown that accounting for reduced mixing efficiencies in regions of weak stratification or energetic turbulence (high Reb) strongly limits the ability of breaking internal waves to supply oceanic potential energy and drive abyssal upwelling. Moving from a fixed Rf = 1/6 to a variable efficiency Rf(Reb) causes Antarctic Bottom Water upwelling induced by locally dissipating internal tides and lee waves to fall from 9 to 4 Sverdrups (Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) and the corresponding potential energy source to plunge from 97 to 44 GW. When adding the contribution of remotely dissipating internal tides under idealized distributions of energy dissipation, the total rate of Antarctic Bottom Water upwelling is reduced by about a factor of 2, reaching 5–15 Sv, compared to 10–33 Sv for a fixed efficiency. The results suggest that distributed mixing, overflow-related boundary processes, and geothermal heating are more effective in consuming abyssal waters than topographically enhanced mixing by breaking internal waves. These calculations also point to the importance of accurately constraining Rf(Reb) and including the effect in ocean models.
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Khan, Muhammad Mohsin. "Credit Constraints for Microfinance Sector in Pakistan, an Analysis of Internal and External Factors." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 47 (February 2015): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.47.164.
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Microfinance is considered to be an effective tool for poverty alleviation, employment generation, income generation and income equality. It is a financial service provided to poor people who do not have any other source of funds or have access to financial services. The purpose of this research paper is to determine the credit constraints that are facing by microfinance sector in Pakistan. The data is collected through structured questionnaires from 250 respondents who are employees of MFBs/ MFIs keeping in view three broad categories of theoretical framework including internal factors having sub variables like operational cost, HR capacity, innovation and external factors having sub variables like competition, language, awareness as independent variables and a dependent variable having sub variable that is credit constraints for microfinance sector. Regression analysis has been used to determine the impact of independent variables i.e. internal and external factors on dependent variable that is credit constraints. The study found that there is a significant impact of internal and external factors on the credit constraints facing the microfinance sector. Based on the results it is recommended that concerned authorities should give due importance to all sub variables of internal and external factors in order to minimize the issue of credit constraints facing the microfinance sector.
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Huang, Xi, Huang Huang, and Zhishen Wu. "Development of a Variable-Frequency Hammering Method Using Acoustic Features for Damage-Type Identification." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031329.
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Hammer testing, a nondestructive testing method, has been demonstrated to provide information on structural damage. One of the biggest challenges with this testing method is the simultaneous identification of surface, internal, and composite damage (consisting of both surface and internal damage) in a complex environment, such as post-disaster. A method of identification based on variable-frequency hammering is proposed to solve this problem. The importance and feasibility of using variable-frequency impact hammers and the generated acoustic data to identify multiple types of damage in concrete structures are presented. First, a type of variable-frequency hammering acoustic feature was generated using acoustic feature extraction and selection based on the acoustic data obtained from variable-frequency hammering. Second, a damage recognition model was established using a support vector machine to identify four types of damage occurring simultaneously in the same concrete member specimens, including a type of composite damage with two types of damage occurring simultaneously within 20 mm. Finally, the feasibility of this variable-frequency hammering method was verified experimentally. This method exhibited good performance, with an accuracy of 97.8%; moreover, the method ensures that the feature dimensionality remains unchanged while increasing the effective information of the data.
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Treepongkaruna, Sirimon, Pattanaporn Chatjuthamard, and Arnat Leemakdej. "Stock price crash risk and military connected board: Evidence from Thailand." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (June 1, 2023): e0281712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281712.
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Based on the agency and stakeholder theories, effective boards, acting as an internal governance mechanism, reduce agency costs. This paper asks whether military connected boards represent a good governance tool by exploring how military connected boards affect stock price crash risk. Using instrumental variable analysis, we document that firms with military connected boards have lower risk of stock price crashes. Our findings are unlikely to have endogeneity concerns and shed light on the role of military connected boards as an effective internal governance tool. Consistent with the conservatism hypothesis and stakeholder theory, by being transparent about firm-specific bad news, military connected boards could effectively monitor managers to ensure they act on all stakeholders’ interests.
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Novriansa, Agil, and Fida Muthia. "Local government internal auditor stress and burnout: Supervisor support as a moderating variable." Jurnal Tata Kelola dan Akuntabilitas Keuangan Negara 9, no. 2 (December 27, 2023): 227–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.28986/jtaken.v9i2.1247.
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This study aims to empirically examine the direct relationship between stress arousal and burnout and the moderating effect of supervisor support on the relationship between the two dimensions experienced by local government internal auditors. This study uses an online survey method with a questionnaire. The sample for this study was 155 local government internal auditors from 17 City/Regency Government Inspectorate Provinces from Southern Sumatra. Based on the data analysis using SEM-PLS, the results of this study indicate that stress arousal is positively related to emotional exhaustion and depersonalization but not to reduced personal accomplishment. The results of this study also indicate that supervisor support is able to moderate the relationship between stress arousal and burnout. Supervisor support can reduce the effects of stress arousal on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization experienced by local government internal auditors and strengthen the effects of stress on personal accomplishment. Theoretically, this study supports the conservation of resources theory, which shows that supervisor support is a resource that acts as an effective coping strategy in reducing the effects of stress arousal and preventing burnout. The results also provide insights for policymakers to develop interventions for communication and monitoring based on personal conditions to improve interpersonal relations between supervisors and subordinates.
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Jiang, Angfeng, Deyuan Deng, Wei Dai, Xiuwen You, and Hanwen Lu. "Out-Plane Buckling of Arches with Variable Cross-Section." Buildings 13, no. 11 (November 13, 2023): 2838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112838.
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The variable cross-section arch is widely used in practical engineering because of its beautiful arc and excellent mechanical properties. However, there is still no systematic and comprehensive study on the out-plane buckling of variable cross-section arches. In view of this, this paper is focused on the elastic analytical research of out-plane buckling of arches with variable cross-sections under a uniformly distributed radial local load. The pre-buckling and out-plane buckling behavior of a variable cross-sectional arch under an external load is quite different from that of an arch with a uniform cross-section. Castigliano’s second theorem is used to establish pre-buckling force method equilibrium equations for variable cross-sectional arches under a uniformly distributed radial local load, and corresponding analytical solutions of normal stress, axial compression, and the bending moments are obtained. Based on the energy method and the Ritz method, analytical solutions of the critical load for the elastic out-plane buckling of arches with variable cross-sections are derived. Comparisons with ANSYS results indicated that the analytical solutions are able to accurately predict the pre-buckling internal forces and critical out-plane buckling load of variable cross-section arches subjected to a uniformly distributed radial local load. It is found that the internal forces and the out-plane buckling load of an arch are significantly affected by the variation of cross-sectional height. As the ratio of the arch’s cross-sectional height increases, the bending moment decreases, and the axial force and critical out-plane buckling load increase. Analytical solutions of pre-buckling internal force and critical out-plane buckling load problems for arches with variable cross-sections have a wider significance since they can provide an effective explicit analytic method for the optimal design of arch structures.
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Evi, Evi Lutfiyana, and Rilla Gantino. "Implementation Audit Internal of Quality Management System Iso 9001:2015 in the Purchasing Activities Technical Department at Pt Sango Indonesia." Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies 5, no. 2 (April 8, 2023): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jefas.2023.5.2.8.
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This study analyzes of implementation audit internal of the quality management system ISO 9001:2015 in the purchasing activities technical department at PT Sango Indonesia. The aims of this study are to understand the quality standard and quality improvement of PT Sango Indonesia, analyze ISO 9001:2015 quality management standard operational procedure (SOP) in purchasing activities and determine the impact of implementing ISO 9001:2015 internal quality management systems on product quality. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method; the population in this research is all employees at PT Sango Indonesia is 103 employees. The sample in this study was taken from 55 employees who are related to variable research. Meanwhile, the technique of research uses observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. Besides that, they analyze data using internal control questionnaire (ICQ), Likert scale and uji statistics. The results of this research show that the implementation of the internal audit quality management system ISO 9001:2015 uses internal control questionnaire (ICQ) in the standard operational procedure (SOP) of purchasing activities at PT Sango Indonesia for each department obtained good strength where department user get percentage middling effective, leadership gets effective, engineering middling effective, purchasing effective, supplier middling effective and accounting effective. In order to support of purchasing activities continuity, In order to support of purchasing activities continuity, it is necessary to create an information system that can provide convenience for purchasing activities process so that the information produced is accurate and appropriate. Then, the average achievement of implementation internal audit for each indicator at PT Sango Indonesia is very effective on internal audit competency and scope internal audit, besides other indicators achievement results are effectiveness. Meanwhile, the result of the statistical test showed that internal audits had a significant effect on product quality with the indicators used by researchers. Thus, the company must disseminate information related to certification ISO 9001:2015 that it carries out activities according to established procedures.
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Sadeghian, Behrouz, Shahram Yousefi, and Touraj Sadeghian. "An Analytical Investigation of Magnetic Variable Valve Timing System in Internal Combustion Engines." Mapta Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (MJMIE) 4, no. 1 (October 19, 2020): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33544/mjmie.v4i1.128.
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Extensive activities have been carried out, including variable valve timing systems, smoke recovery systems and direct fuel injection engines to reduce engine emissions and increase engine efficiency. In four-stroke engines, the valves are moved using a cam, and the shape of the cam determines the timing of each valve. But using variable valve timing in the engine is an effective and big step to improve the resulting performance. The variable electromagnetic valve scheduling system allows the exhaust and fuel valves to operate in a completely variable manner and to react to the smallest changes in the cylinder heads. Today, it is used to control the valve timing by using a hydraulic motor and a cam. But the design and construction of the system studied in this research have more modern technology. In this study, magnetic magnets were used to remove the camshaft, camshaft, crankshaft, crankshaft and many mechanical parts instead of using a hydraulic motor to control variable timing and valve movement. Magnets in which existing coils acquire magnetic properties by applying current to them. For each valve, two magnets are used, one to open and the other to close the valve with a spring. Many dynamic and magnetic parameters have been used in the design of this system, and many geometric constraints are involved in its design. The electromagnetic force generated is proportional to the volume of the magnetic magnet, and this designed volume is limited by the space of the cylinder head block. The speed distribution of valves and armatures is Gaussian. The minimum valve speed in an electromagnetic motor depends on the natural frequency of the mass and spring system. It is constant regardless of the motor speed.
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Khaliullin, Farit, Andrey Yakunin, Zulfiya Khaliullina, Gennady Pikmullin, and Ildar Galiaskarov. "Study of the intake system of automotive tractor internal combustion engines with variable parameters." E3S Web of Conferences 431 (2023): 01038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343101038.
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Increasing the effective performance of automotive tractor engines is primarily associated with the intensification of the working process parameters. One of the options for solving this problem is to improve the cylinder filling parameters, which will allow to increase the engine power and torque. In addition to mechanical and gas turbine supercharging, the little-studied resonant supercharging of the engine is of interest. In this case, by selecting the parameters of the inlet path of the engine, it is possible to achieve a significant increase in pressure in the zone of the inlet valve opening without expenditure of useful energy, using only the kinetic energy of the gases of the inlet path. The paper proposes a method to calculate the geometric parameters of the intake tract using a one-dimensional model of gas flow. The results obtained from the numerical investigations give good convergence. The article can be useful for masters, graduate students, and engineering and technical workers involved in the design of internal combustion engines.
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Yang, Lihua, Shuyong Liu, Haipeng Zhang, Haiping Wu, Haifeng Li, and Jian Jiang. "Hybrid Filtered-x Adaptive Vibration Control with Internal Feedback and Online Identification." Shock and Vibration 2018 (July 18, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9010567.
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Active control is an effective way to suppress low-frequency mechanical vibration. However, with applications to submarine equipment, there are still some shortcomings due to vibration coupling and multifrequency complex excitation. In this paper, a novel hybrid improved adaptive control strategy, feedback and online identification filtered-x LMS, namely, FOFxlms, is proposed, which introduces the residual errors to correct variable step-size, uses the estimated primary path to improve online identification, and applies internal feedback to compensate for the feedforward control. Then the FOFxlms algorithm is applied to a double-layer vibration isolation system of submarine rotating equipment, and the simulation results show that the normalized variable step-size with residual error can effectively improve convergence speed, the internal feedback can efficaciously compensate for steady-state control accuracy, and the online identification can dynamically identify the time-varying characteristics of the secondary path. The vibration reduction efficiency of Fxlms, FFxlms, and FOFxlms increases for the fundamental frequency vibration; the control effect and convergence speed are also enhanced in turn.
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KHERSIAT, Ola Mohammad. "The Impact of Audit Committees on the Realization of an Integration Relationship between Internal and External Audit when Conducting Audits. A Study on Public Shareholding Corporations." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 11, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v11.2(48).15.
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This study aims to investigate methods of achieving an integrating relationship between internal and external audit when conducting audit procedures in Jordanian public shareholding corporations, as well as investigate the impact of audit committees achieving such a relationship since an effective internal audit effective the external auditor`s estimations regarding control risks. The study concludes that all aspects of the realization of an integration relation between internal and external audit have achieved a fair ratio exceeding 60%. Spearman test was used to show the nature of the relationship between the internal and external audit. The test results showed that the relationship between these methods is vulnerable in Jordanian public shareholding corporations, and that audit committees have no statistically significant impact on achieving an integrating relationship between internal and external audits in conducting audit in Jordanian public shareholding corporations, since the ratio of audit committees interpretation (R2) which amounted to (.145) of the dependent variable difference ( achieving an integrating relationship between internal and external audit in conducting audit) is relatively low, and that the P- value derived for this relation amounted to (.615) which is more than (5%) .
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Dhone, Maria Yulita, and Endi Sarwoko. "Internal communication and employee performance: The mediating role of motivation." Jurnal Ekonomi Modernisasi 18, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/jem.v18i2.6709.
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Internal communication is an important function in an organization in relation to human resource management. This research examined the employee-perceived internal communication and investigated the role of internal communication and employee motivation on employee performance. The mediating influence of motivation in influence of internal communication on organizational performance was also investigated. Questionnaires were distributed to employees of BPJS Malang City to collect the data of this study. Path Analysis was performed to analyze the data, which results revealed that internal communication could improve employee performance. Internal communication was also found to enhance employee motivation, which in turn would affect the employee performance. Internal communication will encourage organization-employee relationship. Employees should understand the company's core business to make them aware of the targets to achieve. Through effective internal communication, employees would have better comprehension on the importance of their performance. Future researchers are encouraged to examine job satisfaction as a mediating variable in the relationship between internal communication and employee performance
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Vasić, Miloš, and Zagorka Radojević. "Drying Kinetic Simulation of Clay Tiles Made from the Raw Material Having Less Clay Fraction." Advanced Materials Research 1036 (October 2014): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1036.3.
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In order to describe the internal moisture rate and to take all different mechanisms of moisture movement into account, it is suitable to use effective diffusivity as a measure of moisture rate, irrespectively of the mechanisms really involved. This means that all different mechanisms and driving forces for internal moisture transport are lumped together and introduced into effective moisture diffusivity. Hence, diffusion equations are retained and reused with the effective diffusivity coefficient as a measuring parameter of internal moisture ratio. In our previous studies we have presented the calculation method which assumed constant diffusivity. The next goal was to estimate effective diffusivity at various moisture contents, in a real case of non-linear drying curves, and to predict drying kinetic. In our last study we have developed a model for determination of the variable effective diffusivity and identification of the exact transition points between possible drying mechanisms. In this paper we have tried to develop more accurate tool for determination of time dependent effective moisture diffusivity. An analytical model and computing procedure were developed to evaluate mass transfer properties and describe drying kinetic of clay tiles having less clay fraction. The proposed procedure was validated with experimental drying data. Presented results have demonstrated that the proposed dying model can be applied for the accurate description of experimental drying kinetics and a reliable estimation of effective diffusivity.
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Kinzler, Édina Carine de Souza, and Gilmar Ribeiro de Mello. "Influence of internal control on the effectiveness of public governance in Paraná municipalities." Revista Catarinense da Ciência Contábil 22 (September 12, 2023): e3389. http://dx.doi.org/10.16930/2237-7662202333892.
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This study aims to verify whether the internal control of the municipalities in Paraná is effective in promoting municipal public governance. The theme’s relevance justifies the study because the internal control system and good governance practices in the public sector make obtaining more accurate information about resource allocation possible since they are based on the principles of public administration and compliance with laws. Public governance can be understood as the ability of governments to assess, direct, and monitor the management of public policies and services to effectively meet citizens’ demands (Tribunal de Contas da União [TCU], 2014). This research seeks to contribute to a more comprehensive debate about the effectiveness of internal control as an instrument of public governance among municipalities in Paraná. Also, the study can help municipal agents defend initiatives to improve the internal control systems of their municipalities and, thus, help the control of processes by stimulating the continuous improvement of structures, contributing to the achievement of society’s interest. The research was conducted with 102 municipalities in the state of Paraná. It is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach with linear regressions, with independent (internal control) and dependent (public governance) variables. The results showed internal control exerts a certain influence on the governance of the municipalities in the sample. The following variables stand out in this analysis: Monitoring Activity, positively explaining approximately 4% of the IGM variations; the Control Activity variable, negatively explaining, and Control Environment, positively explaining approximately 5% of the RNT variations; the QACI Index variable, positively explaining approximately 7% of the IEGM variations; and the Risk Assessment variable, positively explaining 7% of the IEGM variations.
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Moreno-Enguix, María del Rocío, Ester Gras-Gil, and Joaquín Henández-Fernández. "Relation between internet financial information disclosure and internal control in Spanish local governments." Aslib Journal of Information Management 71, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 176–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajim-06-2018-0150.
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Purpose The application of new public governance by many countries has led to the creation of new management systems in public administration and the development of an effective accounting structure with efficient internal control to guarantee a proper provision of services that meet citizens’ requirements. The purpose of this paper is to focus on Spanish local government with the intention of determining the impact of the internal control structure on the disclosure of financial information on the internet. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis used combines a descriptive aspect with an explanatory one and seeks to answer the question of whether the internal control system (ICS) influences the disclosure of financial information on the websites of Spanish LGs. The authors use a multivariate model that allows us to verify the predictive capability of the previously defined explanatory variable, internal control, in 1,806 local governments. To test the hypotheses, the authors use two different models. Findings The authors consider the existence and quality of the financial information disclosure in relation to ICSs, and a series of financial and non-financial variables. The authors conclude that the structure of the ICS influences financial information disclosure and its quality. Also, the socio-political variable gives a better explanation of financial information disclosure than the financial variable. Originality/value This research is novel to determine whether the development of ICSs in Spanish municipalities has favored and increased the disclosure of financial information financial through the municipalities’ website transparency portal. These findings will contribute to increase the importance of internal control in the management of public entities.
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Dahham, Rami Y., Haiqiao Wei, and Jiaying Pan. "Improving Thermal Efficiency of Internal Combustion Engines: Recent Progress and Remaining Challenges." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 26, 2022): 6222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176222.
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Improving thermal efficiency and reducing carbon emissions are the permanent themes for internal combustion (IC) engines. In the past decades, various advanced strategies have been proposed to achieve higher efficiency and cleaner combustion with the increasingly stringent fuel economy and emission regulations. This article reviews the recent progress in the improvement of thermal efficiency of IC engines and provides a comprehensive summary of the latest research on thermal efficiency from aspects of thermodynamic cycles, gas exchange systems, advanced combustion strategies, and thermal and energy management. Meanwhile, the remaining challenges in different modules are also discussed. It shows that with the development of advanced technologies, it is highly positive to achieve 55% and even over 60% in effective thermal efficiency for IC engines. However, different technologies such as hybrid thermal cycles, variable intake systems, extreme condition combustion (manifesting low temperature, high pressure, and lean burning), and effective thermal and energy management are suggested to be closely integrated into the whole powertrains with highly developed electrification and intelligence.
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Thanapaet, Wiwat, Watcharin Sutthisai, Sitthiporn Soonthorn, Ratchanida Saiyaros, and Sathitkoon Boonruan. "Provincial government agency public services: An analysis of their internal competency, internal and external environment factors." Journal of Governance and Regulation 12, no. 2 (2023): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv12i2art12.
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Public services (PS) in modern societies have become increasingly difficult to keep up with, creating a strain on governments with limited budgets. As a result, new ways of delivering public value must be sought. In order to better understand the factors that influence public services of the Thai provincial government agency public services (PGAPS), the authors conducted a stratified random sample survey of 400 individuals in a rural province of Northern Thailand in 2021. The latent variable path analysis used LISREL 9.10, with the results showing that internal competency factors (ICF) were ranked as very strong, external environment factors (EEF) as strong, and internal environment factors (IEF) as weak. All four hypotheses were also supported, with an individual’s personal and educational factors having a significant effect on PGAPS. The authors suggest that gender could be used to limit corruption’s influence and should be explored in greater detail in further studies. Effective PS delivery requires good governance, community stakeholder involvement, and cross-organizational collective leadership. Good governance should also enhance economic, social, and political development values. Additionally, this study provides valuable insights for municipalities to improve their implementation processes, increase transparency, and ensure fiscal responsibility (OECD & ADB, 2019).
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Lawal, B. O. "Forensic accounting and fraud detection: evidence from manufacturing industry in Nigeria." Kampala International University Interdisciplinary Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (August 17, 2020): 242–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.59568/kijhus-2020-1-2-17.
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The increasing demand for forensic accounting is a certain defining feature of most businesses in the world. Forensic accounting occurs from the reason and result of fraud and technical errors invented by humans. It became relevant that forensic accounting is introduced and practiced, and forensic accountant to provide litigation support and investigative accounting. Therefore, this paper critically examined the effect of forensic accounting on fraud detection in the manufacturing industry in Nigeria. This study employed the survey design and data were collected using primary data and this was achieved via a structured questionnaire. The population of the study consists of all the employees of PZ Nigeria Limited. The target population of the study was the employees in the accounting department of PZ Nigeria Limited. Regression analysis was used to show the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable. The study found out there is a significant effect of forensic accounting on fraud detection. The study, therefore, recommended that industry in the manufacturing industry should build a continuous improvement in the internal control system and ensure effective and efficient internal checks. Also, the company should choose a sound accounting system and effective forensic accounting practices.
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Thamrin, Muhammad, Jabal Tarik Ibrahim, Sutawi Sutawi, Wan Arfiani Barus, Latipun Latipun, Waris Ali Khan, Mardiana Sri Susanti, and Adik Bagus Agung Purwanto. "Agricultural Extension Performance Through the Use of Internet Media." E3S Web of Conferences 432 (2023): 00021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343200021.
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The presence of information technology is a challenge for field agricultural extension to master computer skills and utilize the internet. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of field agricultural extension and the effect of internal and external characteristics of extension on the utilization of internet media in Deli Serdang Regency. The population and research sample were 139 people using the census method. This study uses descriptive analysis, Pearson product moment correlation, multiple regression analysis, and effective contribution testing. The results showed that the measurement of the performance of agricultural extension with the highest value of 44.6 % was in the good category. The results of simultaneous correlation and regression tests through the F test show that there is a significant relationship and influence between each variable. Partially in multiple regression tests, the variables of age, education level, internet media ownership, perception of the internet, and internet usage patterns have a significant effect, while the variable of agency support has no significant effect on internet media utilization for extension. Based on the calculation of effective contribution, the variable internet usage pattern shows the largest effective contribution of 19.87 % with a relative contribution of 39.15 %.
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Song, Yuegang, Songlin Jin, and Zhenhui Li. "Venture Capital and Chinese Firms’ Technological Innovation Capability: Effective Evaluation and Mechanism Verification." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 18, 2022): 10259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610259.
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Making the financial industry a solider mainstay of the real economy is of great concern for China in the midst of economic reform. For China, leveraging venture capital (VC) to enhance a firm’s technological innovation capability (TIC) is an important means of actualising its innovation and development strategy, as well as a must-do to realise sustainable development. In this study, firms that went public from 2010 to 2020 on the A-stock market were used as samples to study the effects of VC on TIC and the relevant mechanism based on the difference-in-differences (DID) method. As research findings show, VC can improve TIC through the medium of the internal incentive and external constraint easing effects. The contributory role of VC in TIC varies with firm size, ownership, and industry type. A range of robustness tests, including the PSM, variable substitution, and instrumental variable methods, further strengthened the reliability of the conclusions. This study can enlighten policymakers on how to implement comprehensive resource factor market reform to build a favourable innovation environment that materialises the role of marketisation.
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Ozyer, Yagmur. "Relatıonshıp Among Humor Styles, Internal Marketıng Practıces And Communıcatıon." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 4 (February 28, 2016): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n4p353.
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Although humor at workplace provides positive results for the brands and intraorganizational management, there are only a few theorized studies proving this fact in the literature. Studies on humor at workplace can be mostly seen in the organizational behavior literature. Humor can be considered as a very critical component for both the internal customers and external customers in the marketing literature. Humor is effective in creating consumer perceptions and loyalty through various marketing channels and additionally, can be considered as a very important concept for maintaining the holistic marketing approach in internal marketing practices. Behaviors and attitudes of marketing department managers with different humor styles can increase cohesion among employees and maximize their performance. This study examines the effect of humor styles of the marketing department managers on the internal marketing practices under the moderating role of persuasive communication variable.
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Ali, Muqaddam Oyetunji, Wan Amalina bt Wan Abdullah, and Ibraheem Alani AbdulKareem. "The Effect of Audit Characteristics Index on Investment in Internal Audit Function in Malaysia Listed Companies." Vol. 2, Issue 1, Jun 2021 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.55862/asbjv2i1a005.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of audit committee characteristics on investment in internal audit function. This study developed an index by combining the individual characteristics of audit committee into one variable to capture audit committee effectiveness. Data relating to audit committee and internal audit were extracted from the annual reports of the top 100 listed companies in Malaysia. The findings of this study shows that audit committee index is negative and significantly associated with investment in internal audit function. This result implies that there will be lower investment in internal audit when the audit committee are effective. The study also found a negative relationship between audit committee independent and investment in internal audit while no relationship was established between audit committee expertise and investment in internal audit function. The findings presented in this study offer invaluable implication for regulators on important factors that should be taken seriously before investing in internal audit.
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Chen, Toly. "Internal Due Date Assignment in a Wafer Fabrication Factory by an Effective Fuzzy-Neural Approach." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/979862.
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Owing to the complexity of the wafer fabrication, the due date assignment of each job presents a challenging problem to the production planning and scheduling people. To tackle this problem, an effective fuzzy-neural approach is proposed in this study to improve the performance of internal due date assignment in a wafer fabrication factory. Some innovative treatments are taken in the proposed methodology. First, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to construct a series of linear combinations of the original variables to form a new variable, so that these new variables are unrelated to each other as much as possible, and the relationship among them can be reflected in a better way. In addition, the simultaneous application of PCA, fuzzy c-means (FCM), and back propagation network (BPN) further improved the estimation accuracy. Subsequently, the iterative upper bound reduction (IUBR) approach is proposed to determine the allowance that will be added to the estimated job cycle time. An applied case that uses data collected from a wafer fabrication factory illustrates this effective fuzzy-neural approach.
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Afandi, Pandi, and Helwen Heri. "Influence Factors Internal and External Factors Motivation and Performance of Employees: Do not Stay Civil Service Policy Unit." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 6 (May 24, 2016): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n6p258.
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<p>This research of background that directional and effective use of labor represent key toward the make-up of officer performance so that need to District Police Public Service head to make a manage the members always enthusiastic in working and having positive in executing work.Effort roomates can be a head-to Increase the activity spirit of enthusiasm, that is by giving good motivation and job performance.Intention of this research is to know and Analyzed do internal factors variable, external factor variable and motivation have influenced the which significantly either through partial and Also simultaneously to job performance officer, and Also from internal factors variable, external factor variable and motivation is the which most having an effect on the which to job performance officer.</p><p>This research is a survey verification sampling on 200 people from 236 respondend contract employee population of District Police Public Service Riau Province.This research represent research highlighting clarification relation between research variables and test hypotheses have been Formulated Previously roomates.Hereinafter technique intake of sample is used by population technique, where samples taken pursuant to SEM formula for 25 manifest variables using a minimum of 200 samples.Technique Analyzed using descriptive and quantitative analysis by applying the method of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) programe.</p>
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Purwaningsih, Fauziah Nur, and Mekar Meilisa Amalia. "PENGARUH SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN (STUDI KASUS CV. SUKSES ABADI)." Worksheet : Jurnal Akuntansi 1, no. 1 (November 8, 2021): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46576/wjs.v1i1.1542.
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A very important part of the company's operational management that reflects thecondition of the company's performance is internal control. Effective internalcontrol can help companies safeguard company assets, ensuring the availability ofaccurate financial reports. To determine the internal control system affectscompany performance at CV. Sukses Abadi is the goal of this study. Quantitativeresearch is a type of this research. The saturated sample is a sampling techniquefor this study. The analysis method used in this research is descriptive analysismethod and simple linear regression analysis were the tests carried out includevalidity, reliability, classical assumption tests (normality test, heteroscedasticitytest), partial test (t-test) and to determine the relationship between each variableusing correlation coefficient analysis. The results of the study explained that thecorrelation value (R) was 0.561. From the output, the coefficient of determination(R Square) is 0.330, which means that the influence of the independent variable(internal control system) on the dependent variable (company performance) is33.00% and the rest is 67.00%. Furthermore, the results of research on theinfluence of internal control systems on company performance at CV Sukses Abadican conclude that there is a significant and positive influence of internal control oncompany performance at CV. Sukses Abadi in Deli Serdang Regency which isshown based on the results of the t value of 2.054> t table of 2.048 and a probabilityvalue of 0.049 <0.05 means that the better internal control carried out by themanagement of CV. Sukses Abadi, the higher the company's performance
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Wang, Yuanhui, and Yiming Chen. "Dynamic Analysis of the Viscoelastic Pipeline Conveying Fluid with an Improved Variable Fractional Order Model Based on Shifted Legendre Polynomials." Fractal and Fractional 3, no. 4 (November 17, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract3040052.
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Viscoelastic pipeline conveying fluid is analyzed with an improved variable fractional order model for researching its dynamic properties accurately in this study. After introducing the improved model, an involuted variable fractional order, which is an unknown piecewise nonlinear function for analytical solution, an equation is established as the governing equation for the dynamic displacement of the viscoelastic pipeline. In order to solve this class of equations, a numerical method based on shifted Legendre polynomials is presented for the first time. The method is effective and accurate after the numerical example verifying. Numerical results show that how dynamic properties are influenced by internal fluid velocity, force excitation, and variable fractional order through the proposed method. More importantly, the numerical method has shown great potentials for dynamic problems with the high precision model.
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Hultquist, Philip. "Is collective repression an effective counterinsurgency technique? Unpacking the cyclical relationship between repression and civil conflict." Conflict Management and Peace Science 34, no. 5 (October 5, 2015): 507–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894215604972.
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Research on the relationship between civil conflict and repression has led to one conclusion—the law-like finding that states respond to internal challengers with repression—and one puzzle with competing hypotheses—whether state repression escalates civil conflict or not. Studies of repression’s effect on conflict dynamics have been limited to case studies and subnational designs, which limits the external validity of the arguments. Studies of conflict’s effect on repression have treated conflict as a control variable without taking into account the inherent endogeneity between internal conflict and state repression. This article contributes by providing a general, cross-national study of repression’s effect on conflict, and vice versa, for external validity. Results of simultaneous equation models demonstrate that both directions of the relationship between state repression and conflict are positive and significant—suggesting a cyclical relationship—while single equation models with a lag structure establish that the effect of repression on conflict is greater than the reverse.
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Babajanov, Bazar, and Fakhriddin Abdikarimov. "New Soliton Solutions of the Burgers Equation with Additional Time-dependent Variable Coefficient." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON FLUID MECHANICS 19 (February 14, 2024): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232013.2024.19.6.
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In this article, we use the functional variational method to solve the Burgers equation with an additional time-dependent variable coefficient. The main advantage of the proposed method over other methods is that it allows to obtain more new solutions of the equation. Among the solutions obtained, new soliton solutions should be noted, which are of great importance for revealing the internal mechanism of physical phenomena. Three-dimensional graphs of solutions are constructed using the mathematical program Matlab. For a better understanding of the physical properties of some of the resulting solutions, their graphical representations are shown. This method is effective for finding exact solutions to many other similar wave equations.
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Fuada, Nurul. "The Role of Internal Auditor of Government Companies: Perceptions of the Auditee." Advances in Managerial Auditing Research 1, no. 1 (January 28, 2023): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.60079/amar.v1i1.22.
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This study aims to determine the auditee's perception of the role of internal auditors in one of the government companies, namely PT. PLN (Persero) Sulselrabar Main Unit. The research data was obtained from a questionnaire (primary) on employees (as auditees) which were distributed to 30 respondents. There are three variable dimensions used, namely the role of internal auditors as supervisors, consultants, and catalysts. Based on the research results it is known that the role of internal auditors as supervisors has an average value (mean) ranging from 2.87 to 3.37, while for the role of internal auditors as consultants has an average value ranging from 3.00 to 3.40, and for the role of internal auditors as a catalyst has an average value ranging from 2.90 to 3.27. So it can be concluded that the auditee's perception indicates that the role of the internal auditor at PT. PLN (Persero) Main Unit for Sulselrabar Region has been quite effective in its implementation. This can be seen from all of these variables the respondent (auditee) gives a positive perception of the role of the internal auditor
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Wang, Jinliang. "Effective Size and F-Statistics of Subdivided Populations. I. Monoecious Species with Partial Selfing." Genetics 146, no. 4 (August 1, 1997): 1453–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/146.4.1453.
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Assuming discrete generations and autosomal inheritance involving genes that do not affect viability or reproductive ability, we have derived recurrence equations for the inbreeding coefficient and coancestry between individuals within and among subpopulations for a subdivided monoecious population with arbitrary distributions of male and female gametes per family, variable pollen and seed migration rates, and partial selfing. From the equations, formulas for effective size and expressions for F-statistics are obtained. For the special case of a single unsubdivided population, our equations reduce to the simple expressions derived by previous authors. It is shown that population structure (subdivision and migration) is important in determining the inbreeding coefficient and effective size. Failure to recognize internal structures of populations may lead to considerable bias in predicting effective size. Inbreeding coefficient, coancestry between individuals within and among subpopulations accrue at different and variable rates over initial generations before they converge to the same asymptotic rate of increase. For a given population, the smaller the pollen and seed migration rates, the more generations are required to attain the asymptotic rate and the larger the asymptotic effective size. The equations presented herein can be used for the study of evolutionary biology and conservation genetics.
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Urban, Tadeusz, Michał Gołdyn, and Łukasz Krawczyk. "The experimental investigations of RC internal columns in the connection zone with lightweight concrete slab." Budownictwo i Architektura 12, no. 1 (March 11, 2013): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2191.
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This paper presents the problem of load carrying capacity of the columns made of high-strength reinforced concrete which are separated by slab made of lightweight concrete. The experimental investigations of three models representing the internal connection between column and flat slab made of lightweight concrete of the strength tree times less than concrete strength of column are presented. The effort degree on the punching shear capacity stands for the variable parameter in the presented study. The performed study shows that there is no effect of this parameter on the effective concrete strength of the column.
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Aikins, Kayla A., Zoé N. Anderson, and Timothy M. Koci. "Traumatic Pseudoaneurysms of the Internal Mammary Artery: Two Cases and Percutaneous Intervention." Diagnostics 14, no. 1 (December 27, 2023): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14010063.
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Pseudoaneurysms involving the internal mammary artery/internal thoracic artery (IMA/ITA) are rare occurrences, and the presentation and treatment approaches for such cases can be variable. Due to the potentially life-threatening risk of rupture, leading to conditions like hemothorax, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of safe and effective diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. We present two cases of IMA/ITA artery pseudoaneurysms. A 91-year-old male presented to the emergency department following a motor vehicle accident. A CT scan of the chest revealed an anterior mediastinal hemorrhage with active extravasation. Percutaneous intervention revealed a pseudoaneurysm arising from a left IMA/ITA side branch. Coil embolization effectively treated the pseudoaneurysm. In the second case, a 79-year-old male presented with a sternal fracture after a ground-level fall, with parasternal hematoma and active bleeding (pseudoaneurysm) on Trauma Computerized Tomography of the chest with contrast. He underwent coil embolization, and subsequent post-procedure angiograms confirmed the effective occlusion of the left IMA/ITA, with no further visualization of the pseudoaneurysm. These two cases underscore the importance of tailored approaches in treating internal mammary artery pseudoaneurysms.
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Xu, Tao, Dongbo Shi, Di Zhang, and Yonghui Xie. "Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of the Turbine Blade Variable Cross-Section Internal Cooling Channel with Turning Vane." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 21, 2023): 1446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031446.
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The gas turbine blades are scoured by high temperature gas sustainedly and long-term in harsh environment. It is of great significance to explore effective cooling methods to lower the turbine blade temperature so as to ensure safe and stable operation of the gas turbine. However, there are few studies on the cooling channel considering the turning vane, variable cross-section characteristics, and rotation effect. In this paper, five kinds of serpentine cooling channel models with variable cross-section properties and different thickness guide vanes are constructed. The effects of different thickness guide vanes on the overall performance of the channel under stationary and rotating conditions are discussed and compared by numerical method. The result shows that when stationary (Re = 10,000-50,000), the turning vane with suitable thickness can increase the Nu/Nu0 by 56.5%. The f/f0 is decreased by 14.2%, and the comprehensive thermal performance is increased by 4.5%. When rotating (Re = 10,000, Ro = 0-0.5), the turning vane with suitable thickness can increase the Nuup/Nu0 and Nuall/Nu0 by 33.0% and 4.0%, respectively. The comprehensive performance of the variable cross-section serpentine channel can be greatly improved by arranging the turning vane structure with appropriate thickness.
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Reynolds, Kristi, Lee J. Barton, Anirban Basu, Heidi Fischer, David E. Arterburn, Douglas Barthold, Anita Courcoulas, et al. "Comparative Effectiveness of Gastric Bypass and Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy for Hypertension Remission and Relapse: The ENGAGE CVD Study." Hypertension 78, no. 4 (October 2021): 1116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16934.
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Weight loss is an effective strategy for the management of hypertension, and bariatric surgery is the most effective weight loss and maintenance strategy for obesity. The importance of bariatric surgery in the long-term management of hypertension and which operation is most effective is less clear. We compared the effectiveness of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for remission and relapse of hypertension after surgery in the ENGAGE CVD cohort study (Effectiveness of Gastric Bypass Versus Gastric Sleeve for Cardiovascular Disease). Operations were done by 23 surgeons across 9 surgical practices. Hypertension remission and relapse were assessed in each year of follow-up beginning 30 days and up to 5 years postsurgery. We used a local instrumental variable approach to account for selection bias in the choice of VSG or RYGB. The study population included 4964 patients with hypertension at the time of surgery (n=3186 VSG and n=1778 RYGB). At 1 year, 27% of patients with RYGB and 28% of patients with VSG achieved remission. After 5 years, without accounting for relapse, 42% of RYGB and 43% of VSG patients had experienced hypertension remission. After accounting for relapse, only 17% of RYGB and 18% of VSG patients remained in remission 5 years after surgery. There were no statistically significant differences between VSG and RYGB for hypertension remission, relapse, or mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure at any time during follow-up.
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Bgantsev, V. M., and A. M. Levterov. "INTERNAL COMBUSTION GAS ENGINES IN SYSTEMS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF FUEL ELEMENTS OF LARGE ENERGY FACILITIES." Internal Combustion Engines, no. 2 (November 15, 2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2022.2.03.
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The proposed article analyzes the potential possibility of increasing the efficiency of an energy complex with a gas turbine and solid oxide high-temperature fuel cells, into the structure of which an auxiliary piston gas engine of internal combustion is integrated. Natural gas, methane was used as an energy carrier. The subject of the research is indicators of the working process of the auxiliary engine when it is working on mixed gas fuel (carbon monoxide - methane) of variable composition. The research was carried out by the computational and analytical method using a simplified method of calculating the working cycle of a piston engine. Solutions to several problems are considered: disposal of carbon monoxide emissions at the exit from fuel cells during their heating; provision of an additional source of electrical energy for powering methane conversion devices and an additional source of heat for its steam-plasma conversion; utilization of carbon monoxide and residues of incomplete methane conversion. Calculation studies of indicators of the working process of an auxiliary gas engine with a capacity of 100 kW on mixed fuel of variable composition (carbon monoxide - methane) show its stable operation with appropriate correction of the fuel supply regulation system. The effective efficiency coefficient in the entire range of fuel concentration slightly changed (from 0.369 to 0.380). Its growth is observed with an increase in the proportion of methane in the mixed fuel. The average effective pressure of the cycle practically does not change, and the maximum pressure of the cycle during engine operation in the entire range of changes in the composition of the mixture is at the level of 8.0 MPa. Slight change in the maximum temperature with an increase in the concentration of methane in the fuel mixture (from 2117 K to 2048 K) has been noticed. The research testified to the effectiveness of the proposed method of improving the environmental and economic characteristics of the energy complex with fuel cells, by including in its structure an auxiliary gas engine with minimal cost adaptation for operation on mixed fuel of variable composition.
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Restuccia, Liliana. "Non-equilibrium temperatures and heat transport in nanosystems with defects, described by a tensorial internal variable." Communications in Applied and Industrial Mathematics 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/caim-2016-0007.
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AbstractThe paper deals with the meaning of non-equilibrium temperatures in nanosystems with an internal variable, describing defects inside them, and implications on heat transport. In equilibrium all definitions of temperature lead to the same value, but in nonequilibrium steady states they lead to different values, giving information on different degrees of freedom. We discuss the caloric and entropic non-equilibrium temperatures and the relations among them, in defective nanosystems (crystals with dislocations or porous channels, carbon nanotubes in a solid matrix and so on), crossed by an external energy flux. Here, we present a model for nanocrystals with dislocation defects submitted to an external energy flux. The dislocations may have a strong influence on the effective thermal conductivity, and their own dynamics may be coupled in relevant way to the heat flux dynamics. In the linear case the constitutive relations, the rate equations for the internal variable and the heat flux are worked out and a generalized telegraphic heat equation is derived in the anisotropic and isotropic case, describing the thermal disturbances with finite velocity.
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Su, Qingdong, Bailin Zha, Jinjin Wang, Mingxia Yan, Yong Gao, Zhensheng Sun, and Weifeng Huang. "Simulation and Application of a New Multiphase Flow Ablation Test System for Thermal Protection Materials Based on Liquid Rocket Engine." Aerospace 9, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9110701.
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Internal flow field ablation is an important issue in thermal protection materials for rocket engines and hypersonic vehicles. In this paper, a new multiphase flow ablation test system, with an Al2O3 particle delivery device based on an oxygen-kerosene liquid rocket engine, is designed and manufactured. A general variable-precision modular system simulation method is proposed to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the system. In addition, a unique internal flow field ablation test was performed on the 4D C/C composite simulating the working conditions of the SRM. The results show that the system can provide a wide temperature range (756~3565 K) and pressure range (0.2~4.2 MPa). The multi-disciplinary dynamic variable-precision system simulation method is helpful for more accurate design and test analysis, and the maximum error is less than 5%. The ablation tests show that the line ablation rate of the C/C composite nozzle at 3380 K and 1 MPa is 0.053 mm/s, verifying the combined effect of thermochemical and mechanical ablation. The ablation environment is controllable, which provides an effective way for the ablation test of thermal protection materials. In addition, the variable-precision dynamic simulation method has important reference value for the system design related to liquid rocket engine.
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Guntur, Yohanes Sri, and Jaime Soares. "THE INFLUENCE OF RISK MANAGEMENT AND INTERNAL AUDIT APPLICATION ON THE RISK OF NON-LOOKING LOANS AT BANCO NACIONAL DE COMERCIO DE TIMOR LESTE." DiE: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Manajemen 14, no. 2 (September 30, 2023): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/die.v14i2.9624.
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The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence of the partial effect of the implementation of risk management and internal audit variables on the risk of bad credit at BNCTL. The population in this study were all 123 BNCTL Credit Analysis Managers and Staff. The samples used in this study were 123 BNCTL Credit Analysis Managers and Staff, using a census sampling technique, collecting data using questionnaires distributed as many as 123 and questionnaires that could be used as many as 70 and statistical analysis tool using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the first test study show that the Application of Risk Management has a Significant Effect on the Risk of Bad Credit in Managers and Staff of BNCTL Credit Analysis. This means that the better the implementation of risk management, the BNCTL will be more efficient and effective in reducing the risk of bad credit customers. Thus, the implementation of banking risk management plays an important role in the effectiveness or minimization of bad credit risk. It is hoped that the risk management implemented by the BNCTL will assist in reducing the risk of bad loans. This is shown by the obtained t-count value of 5,817 greater than the t-table of 1,995, with a significant level of 0,000 less than the error tolerance of 0.05. While testing the second hypothesis, Internal Audit also has a significant effect on Bad Credit Risk. This shows that the better BNCTL implements internal audit, the more efficient and effective the risk of bad loans can be and can be controlled properly. This is indicated by the t-count value obtained of 2,268 which is greater than the t-table of 1,995, with a significant level of 0.027 which is smaller than the 0.05 significance level. The results also show that the coefficient of determination or contribution (R square) of the Variable of Application of Risk Management and the Variable of Internal Audit to the Risk of Bad Credit is 0.394 or 39.4%, meaning that the Risk of Bad Credit can be explained by the Variable of Application of Risk Management and Internal Audit of 39.4% and the remaining namely (100% - 39.4%) = 60.6% Bad Credit Risk, influenced by other variables not examined in this study.
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Ueno, Akira, Honghu Guo, Akihiro Takezawa, Ryota Moritoyo, and Mitsuru Kitamura. "Temperature Distribution Design Based on Variable Lattice Density Optimization and Metal Additive Manufacturing." Symmetry 13, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13071194.
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Additive manufacturing (AM) is employed for fabricating industrial products with complex geometries. As topological optimization is suitable for designing complex geometries, studies have combined AM and topological optimization, evaluating the density optimization of lattice structures as a variant of topological optimization. The lattice structures of components fabricated via AM comprise voids. Models designed using topological optimization should be modified to ensure structures suitable for AM. As the lattice unit can be easily fabricated using AM with fewer design modifications, this study uses lattice density optimization for an industrial AM product. We propose a method of optimizing the lattice distribution for controlling the surface temperature uniformity of industrial products, such as molds. The effective thermal conductivity of the lattice is calculated using the homogenization and finite element methods. The effective thermal conductivity changes depending on the internal pore sizes. The proposed methodology is validated using a 3D example; the minimization problem of surface temperature variations in the target domain is considered. The variable density of the embedded lattice in the target domain is optimized, and we experimentally validated the performance of the lattice unit cell and optimal 3D structure using metal powder bed fusion AM.
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Liang, S. M., S. J. Tsai, and S. F. Wang. "An Effective Approach for Calculation of Exhaust Pipe Flows." Journal of Mechanics 25, no. 2 (June 2009): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s172771910000263x.
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AbstractIn this study an effective numerical approach is proposed for calculation of exhaust pipe flows. The flow inside an exhaust pipe is very complicated, since that flow involves pulsating hot gases with blast waves discharged from an internal combustion engine. In order to accurately simulate the complicated pulsating flow with the effects of heat transfer and friction at the duct wall, two systems of quasi-onedimensional model equations are employed, which resulted from the governing equations of the mass, momentum and energy conservation. One system of model equations with the terms of heat loss and wall friction results from the dimensionless governing equations based on dimensionless time variable t1 where t1 is defined as the dimensional time divided by the ratio of the pipe length to the time-average flow velocity at the pipe inlet. This system of model equations is numerically solved for a steady exhausted gas-flow without blast waves. The computed steady flow is referred as a basic flow. The other system of model equations without the terms of heat loss and wall friction results from the dimensionless governing equations based on dimensionless time variable t2, where t2 is defined as the dimensional time divided by the ratio of the pipe length to the speed of sound at the pipe inlet. The latter model is used for predicting exhausted gas-flows with blast waves. These two systems of model equations are solved by a th-order weighted essential non-oscillation scheme. It is found that the computed result of the peak pressures, temperature, and flow velocity at some check points for an exhaust pipe at different engine speeds agrees reasonably well with experimental data.
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Mahmood, I. U., M. O. Faruque, and M. M. Zaman. "Application of an Internal Variable Constitutive Model to Predict Creep Response of an Aluminum Alloy Under Multiaxial Loading." Journal of Applied Mechanics 56, no. 3 (September 1, 1989): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3176120.
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This paper discusses the application of an internal variable, creep constitutive model, where the concept of piecewise linearity in the effective stress-creep strain rate relationship is utilized. Since the concept of piecewise linearity is assumed, an explicit functional form for creep strain rate at all levels of stress and temperature is not required. The aforementioned constitutive model is used to predict the creep response of an aluminum alloy (2618-T61) at 200°C and subjected to multiaxial loading. The results are compared with available experimental results. The model shows excellent agreement in the trend of creep response. The quantitative values also agree quite good with the experimental results.