Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthode du multiplicateur'
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Ait, Younes Tarik. "Calcul de la réponse dynamique de grands domaines à une excitation acoustique par une méthode de sous domaines." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1248.
Full textNeyrat, Mathieu. "Contribution à l’étude de G. P. R. (Ground Penetrating Radar) multicapteurs : Méthodes directes et inverses en temporel." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a81b4d3c-f079-405b-88a2-1f087d9726f1/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4003.pdf.
Full textGround Penetrating Radars (G. P. R. ) contribute in non-destructive survey in various domains. This work deals with a study of GPR in multisensor configuration. In a first part, the fundamental laws of electromagnetism and the radar principle are presented. A numerical method for fast modeling of realistic scenes and B-scan calculation is described. This method based on the FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) allowed to test various configurations of multisensor radar and to show their contribution. The final section proposes two inverse methods in time domain. The reverse time method and the phase shift method are well suited to the location of objects from multisensor radar records
Averous, Fabienne. "Contribution à la prévision du bruit des moteurs d'hélicoptères par éléments finis, équations intégrales, et décomposition de domaine." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1329.
Full textKassem, Chiraz. "Stabilité et contrôllabilité de quelques systèmes localement couplés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM072.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to study the stabilization and exact controllability of some locally coupled systems. First, we studied the stabilization of a system of two wave equations coupled by velocities with only one localized damping and under appropriate geometric conditions. For the case involved waves propagating at the same speed, we established the exponential energy decay rate. However, the natural physical case also entails waves that do not propagate with equal speed, in such a case, we showed that our system is not uniformly stable and we established an optimal polynomial energy decay rate.Second, we investigated the exact controllability of locally coupled wave equations. The main tool is a result of A. Haraux by which the observability inequality is equivalent to the exponential stability of the system. More precisely, we provided a complete stability analysis of the system in two different Hilbert spaces and under appropriate geometric conditions. Then, using the HUM method, we proved that the system is exactly controllable. Later, we performed numerical experiments to valid our obtained theoretical results.Last, we analyzed the stability of a Bresse system with local Kelvin-Voight damping with fully Dirichlet or Dirichlet- Neumann-Neumann boundary conditions. Here we trait several cases.In the case of three local damping, according to their properties (smoothness), we established an exponential or a polynomial energy decay rate. However, when the waves are only subjected to one or two damping and under Dirichlet-Neumann-Neumann boundary conditions, we demonstrated that the Bresse system is not uniformly stable. In this case, we established a polynomial energy decay rate.In this thesis, the frequency domain approach and the multiplier technique were used
Murea, Cornel Marius. "Modélisation mathématique et numérique d'un problème tridimensionnel d'interaction entre un fluide incompressible et une structure élastique." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413312.
Full textGhadi, Fatth-Allah. "Résolution par la méthode des éléments finis des équations de Navier-Stokes en formulation (v-w)." Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET4010.
Full textAmdouni, Saber. "Numerical analysis of some saddle point formulation with X-FEM type approximation on cracked or fictitious domains." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0007/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis was done in collaboration with "La Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin". It concerns the mathematical and numerical analysis of convergence and stability of mixed or hybrid formulation of constrained optimization problem with Lagrange multiplier method in the framework of the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM). First we try to prove the stability of the X-FEM discretization for incompressible elastostatic problem by ensured a LBB condition. The second axis, which present the main content of the thesis, is dedicated to the use of some stabilized Lagrange multiplier methods. The particularity of these stabilized methods is that the stability of the multiplier is provided by adding supplementary terms in the weak formulation. In this context, we study the Barbosa-Hughes stabilization technique applied to the frictionless unilateral contact problem with XFEM-cut-off. Then we present a new consistent method based on local projections for the stabilization of a Dirichlet condition in the framework of extended finite element method with a fictitious domain approach. Moreover we make comparative study between the local projection stabilization and the Barbosa-Hughes stabilization. Finally we use the local projection stabilization to approximate the two-dimensional linear elastostatics unilateral contact problem with Tresca frictional in the framework of the eXtended Finite Element Method X-FEM
Agouzal, Abdellatif. "Analyse numérique de méthodes de décomposition de domaines : Méthodes de domaines fictifs avec multiplicateurs de Lagrange." Pau, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PAUUA002.
Full textCsati, Zoltan. "Mesh-independent modelling of diffuse cracking in cohesive grain-based materials." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0037.
Full textIn this thesis a flexible and general stable displacement–Lagrange multiplier mixed formulation is developed to model distributed cracking in cohesive grain-based materials in the framework of the cut finite element method. The displacement field is discretized on each grain separately, and the continuity of the displacement and traction fields across the interfaces between grains is enforced by Lagrange multipliers. The design of the discrete Lagrange multiplier space is detailed for bilinear quadrangular elements with the potential presence of multiple interfaces/discontinuities within an element. We give numerical evidence that the designed Lagrange multiplier space is stable and provide examples demonstrating the robustness of the method. Relying on the stable discretization, a cohesive zone formulation equipped with a damage constitutive model expressed in terms of the traction is used to model the propagation of multiple cracks at the interfaces between grains. To prevent the crack faces from self-penetrating during unloading, a contact condition is enforced. The solutions for the mechanical fields and the damage field are separately obtained and an explicit damage update algorithm allows using a non-iterative approach. The damage formulation couples the normal and tangential failure modes, accounts for different tension and compression behaviours and takes into account a compression-dependent fracture energy in mixed mode. The framework is applied to complex 2D problems inspired by indirect tension tests and compression tests on heterogeneous rock-like materials
Issa, Ibtissam. "Some results on the stabilization of elastic/viscoelastic transmission problems with Kelvin-Voigt or fractional Kelvin-Voigt damping." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/211207_ISSA_690cu840ucxbzr880kpmyt859oe_TH.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to study the stabilization of some locally coupled systems. First, we study the stability of a one-dimensional coupled wave equations with two interior non smooth viscous dampings where we establish exponential stability. Second, we study the stabilization of a locally coupled wave equations with only one internal viscoelastic damping of Kelvin-Voigt type. Both the damping and the coupling coefficients are non smooth. Using a spectrum approach, we prove the non-uniform stability of the system. Next, using a frequency domain approach, combined with a piecewise multiplier technique and the construction of a new multiplier satisfying some ordinary differential equations, we show that the energy of the smooth solution of the system decays polynomially. Third, we investigate the energy decay of hyperbolic systems of wave-wave, wave-Euler Bernoulli beam and beam-beam types. Indeed, the two equations are coupled through boundary connection with only one localized non smooth fractional Kelvin Voigt damping. We establish a polynomial energy decay rate. Finally, we study the stability of a multidimensional system of two wave equations coupled by velocities with only one localized non-smooth Kelvin-Voigt damping. By using a spectral analysis, we prove the non uniform stability of the system. Further, using a frequency domain approach combined with a multiplier technique, we establish some polynomial stability results by considering different geometric conditions on the coupling and the damping domains. In addition, in the absence of any geometric condition, we establish two polynomial energy decay rates of the system on a square domain
Crouzet, Laurent. "Résolution des équations de Maxwell tridimensionnelles en régime fréquentiel par éléments finis conformes, multiplicateurs de Lagrange et méthodes itératives." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066089.
Full textRoux, François-Xavier. "Méthode de décomposition de domaine a l'aide de multiplicateurs de Lagrange et application a la résolution en parallèle des équations de l'élasticité linéaire." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066701.
Full textDekoninck, Bertrand. "Spectre et contrôlabilité de réseaux de poutres." Valenciennes, 1998. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f34b0b9e-5bc0-499a-bb7a-6dafb342caba.
Full textRuggiéri, Jean-Michel. "Méthodes numériques pour la prise en compte d'hétérogénéités locales dans les calculs neutroniques de coeurs de réacteurs." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11008.
Full textAubertin, Mathieu. "Contribution à la modélisation 3D des systèmes électromagnétiques : étude de méthodes de recollement de maillages." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10181/document.
Full textThe finite element method is used to model complex systems in all the physics and engineering. This method has a good accuracy. Because of the complexity of the systems, and the require precision, this method need a very large computing capacity, which is not always available. Consequently it is necessary to find calculation methods which allow preserving the accuracy, and reducing the computation time.One way to solve this situation is to decompose the complex problem in several sub-problems, with non-connecting meshes, and reconnect them. Some methods used to reconnect are developed in this work, with some tools, like resolution methods, and new shape functions necessary for this configuration of non-connecting meshes. This work shows the possibility of those methods: they reconnect the different meshes, conserve the accuracy and the quality of the solution. But the solving methods used here do not reduce consequently the computation time
Srour, Ali. "Etudes de deux approches mathématiques complémentaires pour un problème de reconstruction tomographique." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4016/document.
Full textThe thesis at hand is composed of four parts. The first of which is devoted to present our model of tomographic reconstruction. The second part treats a non-differentiable variational problem with a non-convex constraint the interior of which is empty for usual topologies. A numerical study of the above approach is elaborated in the third part. A numerical scheme is derived based upon our optimal system, the method of Uzawa and a gradient descent method. In the last part, we use a level-set approach to solve the front propagation problem. A second order Hamilton-Jacobi type equation with a non-local term comes into play. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a viscosity solution in both compact and non-compact fronts cases
Seyed, Aghamiry Seyed Hossein. "Imagerie sismique multi-paramètre par reconstruction de champs d'ondes : apport de la méthode des multiplicateurs de Lagrange avec directions alternées (ADMM) et des régularisations hybrides." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4090.
Full textFull Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a PDE-constrained optimization which reconstructs subsurface parameters from sparse measurements of seismic wavefields. FWI generally relies on local optimization techniques and a reduced-space approach where the wavefields are eliminated from the variables. In this setting, two bottlenecks of FWI are nonlinearity and ill-posedness. One source of nonlinearity is cycle skipping, which drives the inversion to spurious minima when the starting subsurface model is not kinematically accurate enough. Ill-posedness can result from incomplete subsurface illumination, noise and parameter cross-talks. This thesis aims to mitigate these pathologies with new optimization and regularization strategies. I first improve the wavefield reconstruction method (WRI). WRI extends the FWI search space by computing wavefields with a relaxation of the wave equation to match the data from inaccurate parameters. Then, the parameters are updated by minimizing wave equation errors with either alternating optimization or variable projection. In the former case, WRI breaks down FWI into to linear subproblems thanks to wave equation bilinearity. WRI was initially implemented with a penalty method, which requires a tedious adaptation of the penalty parameter in iterations. Here, I replace the penalty method by the alternating-direction method of multipliers (ADMM). I show with numerical examples how ADMM conciliates the search space extension and the accuracy of the solution at the convergence point with fixed penalty parameters thanks to the dual ascent update of the Lagrange multipliers. The second contribution is the implementation of bound constraints and non smooth Total Variation (TV) regularization in ADMM-based WRI. Following the Split Bregman method, suitable auxiliary variables allow for the de-coupling of the ℓ1 and ℓ2 subproblems, the former being solved efficiently with proximity operators. Then, I combine Tikhonov and TV regularizations by infimal convolution to account for the different statistical properties of the subsurface (smoothness and blockiness). At the next step, I show the ability of sparse promoting regularization in reconstruction the model when ultralong offset sparse fixed-spread acquisition such as those carried out with OBN are used. This thesis continues with the extension of the ADMM-based WRI to multiparameter reconstruction in vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) acoustic media. I first show that the bilinearity of the wave equation is satisfied for the elastodynamic equations. I discuss the joint reconstruction of the vertical wavespeed and epsilon in VTI media. Second, I develop ADMM-based WRI for attenuation imaging, where I update wavefield, squared-slowness, and attenuation in an alternating mode since viscoacoustic wave equation can be approximated, with a high degree of accuracy, as a multilinear equation. This alternating solving provides the necessary flexibility to taylor the regularization to each parameter class and invert large data sets. Then, I overcome some limitations of ADMM-based WRI when a crude initial model is used. In this case, the reconstructed wavefields are accurate only near the receivers. The inaccuracy of phase of the wavefields may be the leading factor which drives the inversion towards spurious minimizers. To mitigate the role of the phase during the early iterations, I update the parameters with phase retrieval, a process which reconstructs a signal from magnitude of linear mesurements. This approach combined with efficient regularizations leads to more accurate reconstruction of the shallow structure, which is decisive to drive ADMM-based WRI toward good solutions at higher frequencies. The last part of this PhD is devoted to time-domain WRI, where a challenge is to perform accurate wavefield reconstruction with acceptable computational cost
Thibaud, Barbara. "Méthode de conception de multiplicateurs de fréquence d'ordre n. : Application à la réalisation d'un tripleur MMIC [36-39 GHz] pour module de communication aux fréquences millimétriques." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0037.
Full textOuriemchi, Mohammed. "Résolution de problèmes non linéaires par les méthodes de points intérieurs : théorie et algorithmes." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011376.
Full textDans cette thèse, nous avons utilisé une fonction barrière logarithmique. A chaque itération externe, la technique SQP se charge de produire une série de sous-problèmes quadratiques dont les solutions forment une suite, dite interne, de directions de descente pour résoudre le problème non linéaire pénalisé.
Nous avons introduit un changement de variable sur le pas de déplacement ce qui a permis d'obtenir des conditions d'optimalité plus stable numériquement.
Nous avons réalisé des simulations numériques pour comparer les performances de la méthode des gradients conjugués à celle de la méthode D.C., appliquées pour résoudre des problèmes quadratiques de région de confiance.
Nous avons adapté la méthode D.C. pour résoudre les sous-problèmes verticaux, ce qui nous a permis de ramener leurs dimensions de $n+m$ à $m+p$ ($ p < n $).
L'évolution de l'algorithme est contrôlée par la fonction de mérite. Des tests numériques permettent de comparer les avantages de différentes formes de la fonction de mérite. Nous avons introduit de nouvelles règles pour améliorer cette évolution.
Les expériences numériques montrent un gain concernant le nombre de problèmes résolus. L'étude de la convergence de notre méthode SDC, clôt ce travail.
Diniz, Dos Santos Nuno. "Méthodes numériques pour problèmes d'interaction fluide-structure avec valves." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00521654.
Full textZhang, Mo. "Vers une méthode de restauration aveugle d’images hyperspectrales." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S132.
Full textWe propose in this thesis manuscript to develop a blind restoration method of single component blurred and noisy images where no prior knowledge is required. This manuscript is composed of three chapters: the first chapter focuses on state-of-art works. The optimization approaches for resolving the restoration problem are discussed first. Then, the main methods of restoration, so-called semi-blind ones because requiring a minimum of a priori knowledge are analysed. Five of these methods are selected for evaluation. The second chapter is devoted to comparing the performance of the methods selected in the previous chapter. The main objective criteria for evaluating the quality of the restored images are presented. Of these criteria, the l1 norm for the estimation error is selected. The comparative study conducted on a database of monochromatic images, artificially degraded by two blurred functions with different support size and three levels of noise, revealed the most two relevant methods. The first one is based on a single-scale alternating approach where both the PSF and the image are estimated alternatively. The second one uses a multi-scale hybrid approach, which consists first of alternatingly estimating the PSF and a latent image, then in a sequential next step, restoring the image. In the comparative study performed, the benefit goes to the latter. The performance of both these methods will be used as references to then compare the newly designed method. The third chapter deals with the developed method. We have sought to make the hybrid approach retained in the previous chapter as blind as possible while improving the quality of estimation of both the PSF and the restored image. The contributions covers a number of points. A first series concerns the redefinition of the scales that of the initialization of the latent image at each scale level, the evolution of the parameters for the selection of the relevant contours supporting the estimation of the PSF and finally the definition of a blind stop criterion. A second series of contributions concentrates on the blind estimation of the two regularization parameters involved in order to avoid having to fix them empirically. Each parameter is associated with a separate cost function either for the PSF estimation or for the estimation of a latent image. In the sequential step that follows, we refine the estimation of the support of the PSF estimated in the previous alternated step, before exploiting it in the process of restoring the image. At this level, the only a priori knowledge necessary is a higher bound of the support of the PSF. The different evaluations performed on monochromatic and hyperspectral images artificially degraded by several motion-type blurs with different support sizes, show a clear improvement in the quality of restoration obtained by the newly designed method in comparison to the best two state-of-the-art methods retained
Yin, Ping. "Sur une méthode numérique ondelettes / domaines fictifs lisses pour l'approximation de problèmes de Stefan." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10013/document.
Full textOur work is devoted to the definition, analysis and implementation of a new algorithms for numerical approximation of the solution of 2 dimensional Stefan problem. In this type of problem a parabolic partial differential equation defined on an openset Omega is coupled with another equation which controls the boundary gamma of the domain itself. The difficulties traditionally associated with this type of problems are: the particular formulation of equation on the boundary of domain, the approximation of the solution defined on general domain, the difficulties associated with the involvement of trace operation (approximation, conditioning), the difficulties associated with the regularity of domain. Addition, many situations of physical interest, for example,require approximations of high degree. Our work is based on aformulation of type level set for the equation on the domain, and aformulation of type fictitious domain (Omega) for the initialequation. The control of boundary conditions is carried out throughLagrange multipliers on boundary (Gamma), called control boundary, which is different with boundary (gamma) of the domain (omega). The approximation is done by a finite difference scheme for time derivative and the discretization by bi-dimensional wave letfor the initial equation and one-dimensional wave let for the Lagrange multipliers. The extension operators from omega to Omega are also constructed from multiresolution analysis on theinterval. We also obtain: a formulation for which the existence of solution is demonstrated, a convergent algorithm for which a global estimate error (on Omega) is established, interior error estimate on domain omega, overline omega subset estimates on the conditioning related to the trace operator, algorithms of smooth extension. Different numerical experiments in 1D or 2D are implemented. The work is organized as follows:The first chapter recalls theconstruction of multiresolution analysis, important properties of wavelet and numerical algorithms. The second chapter gives an outline of classical fictitious domain method, using Galerkin or Petrov-Galerkin method. We also describe the limitation of this method and point out the direction of our work.\par The third chapter presents a smooth fictitious domain method. It is coupled with Petrov-Galerkin wavelet method for elliptic equations. This section contains the theoretical analysis and numerical implementation to embody the advantages of this new method. The fourth chapter introduces a smooth extension technique. We apply it to elliptic problem with smooth fictitious domain method in 1D and 2D. The fifth chapter is the numerical simulation of the Stefan problem. The property of B-spline render us to exactly calculate the curvature on the moving boundary. We use two examples to test the efficiency of our new method. Then it is used to resolve the two-phase Stefan problem with Gibbs-Thomson boundary condition as an experimental case
Vincent, Manet. "Méthodes d'analyse par éléments finis des contraintes aux interfaces dans les structures sandwich." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00663078.
Full textBoulaajine, Lahcen. "Méthode des éléments finis mixte duale pour les problèmes de l'élasticité et de l'élastodynamique: analyse d'erreur à priori et à posteriori." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136422.
Full textPour ces deux types de problèmes et dans des domaines non réguliers, les méthodes d'éléments finis mixtes analysées jusqu'à présent, sont celles qui concernent des méthodes mixtes "classiques". Ici, nous analysons la formulation mixte duale pour les deux problèmes de l'élasticité linéaire et de l'élastodynamique.
Pour le problème d'élasticité, nous sommes concernés premièrement par une analyse a priori d'erreur en utilisant l'approximation par l'élément fini $BDM_1$ stabilisé. Afin de dériver une estimation a priori optimales d'erreur, nous établissons des règles de raffinement de maillage.
Ensuite, nous faisons une analyse d'erreur à posteriori sur un domaine simplement ou multiplement connexe. En fait nous établissons un estimateur résiduel fiable et efficace. Cet estimateur est alors utilisé dans un algorithme adaptatif pour le raffinement automatique de maillage. Pour le problème de l'élastodynamique, nous faisons une analyse a priori d'erreur en utilisant le même élément fini que pour le problème d'élasticité, en utilisant une formulation mixte duale pour la discrétisation des variables spatiales.
Pour la discrétisation en temps nous étudions les deux schémas de Newmark explicite et implicite. Par des règles de raffinement de maillage appropriées, nous dérivons des estimées d'erreur optimales pour les deux schémas numérique.
Youssef, Wael. "Contrôle et stabilisation de systèmes élastiques couplés." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ017S/document.
Full textThis thesis consists of two main parts. In the fi#rst part, it treats the indirect internal observability and exact controllability of a weakly coupled hyperbolic system and of the Timoshenko system. The second part is devoted to the study of problems concerning the direct stabilization of the Bresse system by non-linear feedbacks using multiplier method and integral inequality techniques, and its indirect stabilization only by two locally distributed feedbacks at the neighborhood of the boundary using the frequency domain method. Is treated in this part also the indirect stabilization of the Timoshenko system subject to a single feedback locally distributed at the neighborhood of the boundary
Toufayli, Laila. "Stabilisation polynomiale et contrôlabilité exacte des équations des ondes par des contrôles indirects et dynamiques." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780215.
Full textBrossard, Romain. "Stabilisation frontière du système élastodynamique en présence de singularités." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008910.
Full textEn d'autres termes, nous considérons un système élastodynamique, amorti au moyen d'une rétroaction définie par une condition de type Neumann sur une partie de la frontière, l'autre partie de la frontière étant munie des conditions de Dirichlet homogène. Nous obtenons des résultats de stabilisation frontière linéaire et non-linéaire, ainsi qu'un résultat de contrôlabilité. Nous démontrons pour cela des relations ad-hoc, dites de Rellich, puis nous utilisons la méthode des multiplicateurs.
L'originalité de ce travail réside dans la présence d'une interface entre la partie Dirichlet et la partie Neumann, qui génère des singularités.
Hugel, Thomas. "Estimations de satisfaisabilité." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582571.
Full textBoussaid, Haithem. "Efficient inference and learning in graphical models for multi-organ shape segmentation." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0002/document.
Full textThis thesis explores the use of discriminatively trained deformable contour models (DCMs) for shape-based segmentation in medical images. We make contributions in two fronts: in the learning problem, where the model is trained from a set of annotated images, and in the inference problem, whose aim is to segment an image given a model. We demonstrate the merit of our techniques in a large X-Ray image segmentation benchmark, where we obtain systematic improvements in accuracy and speedups over the current state-of-the-art. For learning, we formulate training the DCM scoring function as large-margin structured prediction and construct a training objective that aims at giving the highest score to the ground-truth contour configuration. We incorporate a loss function adapted to DCM-based structured prediction. In particular, we consider training with the Mean Contour Distance (MCD) performance measure. Using this loss function during training amounts to scoring each candidate contour according to its Mean Contour Distance to the ground truth configuration. Training DCMs using structured prediction with the standard zero-one loss already outperforms the current state-of-the-art method [Seghers et al. 2007] on the considered medical benchmark [Shiraishi et al. 2000, van Ginneken et al. 2006]. We demonstrate that training with the MCD structured loss further improves over the generic zero-one loss results by a statistically significant amount. For inference, we propose efficient solvers adapted to combinatorial problems with discretized spatial variables. Our contributions are three-fold:first, we consider inference for loopy graphical models, making no assumption about the underlying graph topology. We use an efficient decomposition-coordination algorithm to solve the resulting optimization problem: we decompose the model’s graph into a set of open, chain-structured graphs. We employ the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) to fix the potential inconsistencies of the individual solutions. Even-though ADMMis an approximate inference scheme, we show empirically that our implementation delivers the exact solution for the considered examples. Second,we accelerate optimization of chain-structured graphical models by using the Hierarchical A∗ search algorithm of [Felzenszwalb & Mcallester 2007] couple dwith the pruning techniques developed in [Kokkinos 2011a]. We achieve a one order of magnitude speedup in average over the state-of-the-art technique based on Dynamic Programming (DP) coupled with Generalized DistanceTransforms (GDTs) [Felzenszwalb & Huttenlocher 2004]. Third, we incorporate the Hierarchical A∗ algorithm in the ADMM scheme to guarantee an efficient optimization of the underlying chain structured subproblems. The resulting algorithm is naturally adapted to solve the loss-augmented inference problem in structured prediction learning, and hence is used during training and inference. In Appendix A, we consider the case of 3D data and we develop an efficientmethod to find the mode of a 3D kernel density distribution. Our algorithm has guaranteed convergence to the global optimum, and scales logarithmically in the volume size by virtue of recursively subdividing the search space. We use this method to rapidly initialize 3D brain tumor segmentation where we demonstrate substantial acceleration with respect to a standard mean-shift implementation. In Appendix B, we describe in more details our extension of the Hierarchical A∗ search algorithm of [Felzenszwalb & Mcallester 2007] to inference on chain-structured graphs
Le, Guyader Carole. "Imagerie Mathématique: segmentation sous contraintes géométriques ~ Théorie et Applications." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009036.
Full textPour pallier ces difficultés, nous proposons ici des modèles de segmentation intégrant des contraintes géométriques et satisfaisant les critères classiques de détection avec en particulier la régularité sur le contour que cela implique.
Sammoury, Mohamad Ali. "Étude théorique et numérique de la stabilité de certains systèmes distribués avec contrôle frontière de type dynamique." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0032/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of the stabilization of some distributed systems with dynamic boundary control. First, we consider the stabilization of the Rayleigh beam equation with only one dynamic boundary control moment or force. We show that the system is not uniformly (exponentially) stable. However, using a spectral method, we establish the optimal polynomial decay rate of the energy of the system. Next, we study the indirect stability of the wave equation with a fractional dynamic boundary control. We show that the decay rate of the energy depends on the nature of the geometry of the domain. Using a frequency approach and a spectral method, we show the non exponential stability of the system and we establish, different polynomial stability results. Finally, we consider the finite difference space discretization of the 1-d wave equation with dynamic boundary control. First, using a spectral approach, we show that the polynomial decay of the discretized energy is not uniform with respect to the mesh size, as the energy of the continuous system. Next, we introduce a viscosity term and we establish the uniform (with respect to the mesh size) polynomial energy decay of our discrete scheme
Lleras, Vanessa. "Modélisation, analyse et simulation de problèmes de contact en mécanique des solides et des fluides." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442074.
Full textPutot, Sylvie. "Calcul des capacités parasites dans les interconnexions des circuits intégrés par une méthode de domaines fictifs." Phd thesis, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004700.
Full textPOPOVICI, Dan. "Quelques applications des méthodes effectives en géométrie analytique." Phd thesis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004007.
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