Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthode de tri'
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Barbut, Charlotte. "Méthode d'évaluation de l'intérêt d'un tri basée sur les bilans de valeurs." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1605.
Full textWe present a method to estimate the interest of sorting. This method is based on values assessments. We apply them to sortings producing two types of mixtures of materials , for recycling or for incineration. We study three properties : the energy provided by the operators, the recyclability of a mixture of materials and its combustibility. To define the recyclability of a mixture of materials, we choose entropy, synonymous of order level. By analogy with thermodynamics, we define the energy provided by the operators. Next, we use exergy to estimate the energy in a fuel. Finally, we assign values to these three properties. Only a total value of a sorting system above the value of the initial mixture points out an interesting sorting. However, if this total value peaks during sorting, continuing to sort after this maximum becomes uninteresting
Aboulam, Smaïl. "Recherche d'une méthode d'analyse du fonctionnement des usines de tri-compostage des déchets ménagers : fiabilité des bilans matière." Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000156/.
Full textThe assessment of a municipal solid waste composting plant aims at the realisation of the material balance and the analysis of the operation of the processing sequence. A precise material balance makes it possible to carry out a fine economic analysis. The method suggested is based on the analysis of each equipment before the establishment of the total assessment of the platform. That allows, in the event of insufficient output quality, to target the interventions and to improve the output without blaming the totality of the processing line. To arrive there, standardised methods of sampling and characterisation of municipal solid waste and compost were adapted to intermediate flows. A database, for the error analysis according to the formulas of Gy, is proposed and the software BILCO is used for the establishment of the statistically coherent material balance. During our work, we tested the equipments most used in composting plants : the composting area, the screens with average mesh from 20 to 50 mm and with finer mesh from 8 to 15 mm, the selective conveyor, the densimetric table and the rotating drum. All the equipments are tested in real size, in different plants, except the rotating drum and the average screen which were the subject of a study at the laboratory. A simulation of screening at 20 mm shows it is possible to detect the origin of the sampling errors made at the time of the analysis of this kind of equipment. A composting pilot of 750 l was worked out, to follow the loss of mass and the CO2, CH4, NH3 and N2O outputs, during composting in rotating drums. The results obtained by the tests on the experimental drum were validated on an industrial drum. The hypothesis of the conservation of the mineral matter during the composting and the accuracy of the total organic matter content determination (ignition loss at 550°C) were the subject of a parallel test. From the studied equipments, a standard processing line of municipal solid waste composting is proposed and a simulation of treatment of waste in a small Breton facility is carried out. An alternative of the processing line is proposed to adapt it to the socio-economic context of the developing countries
Senet, Philippe. "Simulation en régime permanent de procédés de séparation multiétagés de systèmes di-et tri-phasiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT042G.
Full textLeleu, Claire. "Sismique très haute résolution tri-dimensionnelle : identification de la position du dispositif d'acquisition par une reformulation en temps." Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090021.
Full textDelfour, Christophe. "Mise au point d'un protocole d'analyse du cycle par méthode tri paramétrique en cytométrie de flux : application au cancer du côlon." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11111.
Full textAlaoui, Ismaili Naima. "Nouvelle méthode numérique de résolution d'un problème inverse : application à l'estimation des paramètres caractéristiques d'un adhésif dans une structure tri-couche." Le Havre, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LEHA0005.
Full textThis work deals with the identification of acoustics parameters for plane elastic structures. The propagation of Lamb waves is studied in chapter 1. Chapter 2 deals with the presentation of a new simple method for solving the inverse problem. This one consists in the determination of the celerities of an isotropic material once the dispersion curves are known. An experimental study is performed on aluminium and glass plates. In chapter 3, a trilayer A/C/A where C is a thin film is studied. The parameters of C are determined (celerities and thickness): The inverse problem has 3 unknown parameters. Chapter 4 deals also with the previous trilayer but the boundary conditions between A and C are not perfect. The model of Jones is used and an experimental study is performed. The proposed method for the resolution of the inverse problem allows us to determine the parameters of Jones
Zbierska, Inga Jolanta. "Study of electrical characteristics of tri-gate NMOS transistor in bulk technology." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10282/document.
Full textOne of the recent solutions to overcome the scaling limit issue are multi-gate structures. One cost-effective approach is a three-independent-gate NMOSFET fabricated in a standard bulk CMOS process. Apart from their shape, which takes advantage of the three-dimensional space, multi gate transistors are similar to the conventional one. A multi-gate NMOSFET in bulk CMOS process can be fabricated by integration of polysilicon-filled trenches. This trenches are variety of the applications for instance in DRAM memories, power electronics and in image sensors. The image sensors suffer from the parasitic charges between the pixels, called crosstalk. The polysilicon - filled trenches are one of the solution to reduce this phenomenon. These trenches ensure the electrical insulation on the whole matrix pixels. We have investigated its characteristics using l-V measurements, C-V split method and both two- and three-level charge pumping techniques. Tts tunable-threshold and multi-threshold features were verified. Tts surface- channel low-field electron mobility and the Si/SiO2 interface traps were also evaluated. We observed no significant degradation of these characteristics due to integration of polysilicon-filled trenches in the CMOS process. The structure has been simulated by using 3D TCAD tool. Tts electrical characteristics has been evaluated and compared with results obtained from electrical measurements. The threshold voltage and the effective channel length were extracted. Tts surface-channel low-field electron mobility and the Si/SiO2 interface traps were also evaluated. Owing to the good electrical performances and cost-effective production, we noticed that this device is a good aspirant for analog applications thanks to the multi-threshold voltages
Zeghadi, Ilhem. "Effet de la mophologie tri-dimensionnelle et de la taille de grain sur le comportement mécanique d’agrégats polycristallins." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1351.
Full textCulot, François. "Développement d'une méthode de calcul ab initio adaptée à l'étude de couplages entre modes normaux de vibration. Application aux molécules tri-et tétra -atomique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212838.
Full textPhilippe, Christelle. "Analyse de la pollution atmosphérique aux échelles locale et régionale. Modélisation spatiale et temporelle à l'aide d'une méthode de scénarii épisodiques." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006789.
Full textAlmecija, Benjamin. "Apports des connaissances métiers pour la conception d'un système multi-capteurs de tri qualité Billon." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0264/document.
Full textThis study takes place in the frame of a university/industry convention between the CRAN and Siat-Braun sawmill. Sawmill transformation process is divided in two parts. First, the log yard cuts down stem in logs (round timber with standard length) which are sorted out in homogeneous batches by dimensions and quality. Then, the sawing line transforms those logs in end products sorted out by dimensions and quality too. The qualitative sort out of log has a direct impact on sold product quality, so sawmills try to optimize this production step in order to reduce the product downgrading rate. In this goal, Siat-Braun sawmill invested in a new log yard. This study contributes to the development and the commissioning of this system dedicated to log Quality sort out. The first chapter of this thesis places the project into wood industry then explicates sawmill constraints and needs in term of Quality. A literature review points out different observation systems allowing measurement of wood characteristics in order to make a product and log quality rankings. Observation system chosen by our industrial partner is then presented. The objective of the second chapter is to clarify and defines Log Quality to the new log yard. This quality notion being held by the sorting operator, we suggested extract, formalize and model this knowledge using NIAM-ORM method. This method allowed obtaining two structured ontologies: the Log Quality and the Product Quality which we used in the chapter three in order to underlying 50 links between both qualities usually tackle separately. This study allowed also extracting 34 relevant criteria to specify Log Quality in 9 classes, regarding Product Quality. In addition, knowledge model analysis gives an initial set up to the first commissioning of the Observation system (input criteria, output classes, decision thresholds). This set up is so proven during system exploitation. The first tests on end products and data processing delivered by the sensor are used to validate and refine the set up to improve the log sort out regarding the obtained product quality. So, this study allowed capitalizing Expert knowledge of the project actors and then, obtaining a relevant initial configuration of the sort system for the first use. First analysis allowed improving Log Quality sort out system set up. In a near future, we want to go deeper in analysis of data given by the system in order to improve relevant criteria selection
Demésy, Guillaume. "Modélisation électromagnétique tri-dimensionnelle de réseaux complexes. Application au filtrage spectral dans les imageurs CMOS." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00436046.
Full textPivetal, Jérémy. "Développement et premières applications d'une méthode de tri de cellules bactériennes par marquage de l'ADN avec des nanoparticules magnétiques pour l'étude de la diversité bactérienne environnementale et des transferts horizontaux de gènes in situ." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDL0010/document.
Full textDespite their importance, bacterial communities in the environment remain poorly characterized. On the one hand, it is difficult to gain knowledge of the community as a whole because over 99% of bacteria are recalcitrant to in vitro culture, rendering classic microbiological approaches imposible to carry out. On the other hand, metagenomics, which can be used to circumvent culture-based approaches by extracting all the genomes from a given environment, is also problematic given the associated technical limitations (biases related to DNA extraction, cloning, PCR, genome sequencing and assembling etc.), and conceptual difficulties related to the complexity and the homogeneity of the environments. In order to overcome some of the limitations of these approaches, bacterial cell selection methods have been developed and can be used to improve our understanding of microbial diversity. Based on taxonomic and/or functional selection and the direct isolation of bacterial cells from an environmental sample, bacterial cell selection can be used to reduce microbial community complexity by targeting specific populations, or even an isolated cell. A variety of classic approaches such as cultivation or DNA/RNA extraction can then be carried out. This cycle can theoretically be repeated until all members of the community are characterized. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to design a novel cell selection tool based on the permanent integration of micro-magnets into a microfluidic canal. In conjunction with a new miniaturized magnetic selection system that provides several advantages over larger systems (portable, low cost, requiring smaller reaction volumes and can be potentially integrated on “laboratory on a chip” systems), a method for selective bacterial cell isolation using magnetic labeling was developed. The bacterial cells were targeted based on taxonomic criteria; biotin-labeled probes were developed for a specific region of the 23S rRNA gene. Following in situ hybridization with the probes, baceterial cells were labeled with streptavidin-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. First results showed that the tool was specific and sensitive enough to trap labeled and diluted (0,04%) cells from a suspension at levels that are comparible to populations of interest found in complex environmental communities. This tool has also been adapted to study in situ horizontal gene transfer as well. The application of a cellular selection tool that labels targets with magnetic nanoparticles coupled to fluidic microsystems with integrated nano-magnets looks very promising for future studiesin environmental microbiology
Viverge, Kevin. "Modèle de plaques stratifiées à fort contraste : application au verre feuilleté." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSET005/document.
Full textWidely used in recent years, the glass material makes it possible to erect light, aesthetic and resistant structures, in particular with glass lamination method, which consists in assembling two or more sheets of glass by one or more intermediate viscoelastic polymers layer. These viscoelastic interface layers are the source of interactions between the shear, the local bending and the global bending mechanisms that govern the overall behavior of laminated glass. For an optimal dimensioning and an accurate determination of the different fields, we propose a "highlycontrasted" plates model encapsulating these different mechanisms and their coupling. As long as a scale separation between the plate thickness and the caracteristic size of kinematics field variations exists, the asymptotic expansion method can be applied for the study of laminates. The effective plate behaviour is derived from the 3D constitutive law of the materials combined with an asymptotic expansion formulation and an appropriate scaling the tiffness contrast between stiff glass layers and soft viscoelastic polymer layers. The method provides a synthetic and consistent formulation, integrating the dual efforts of the macroscopic descriptors, in-plane and out-of-plane balance equations and the constitutive laws of the laminate. First the model is developped for a 2 stiff layers laminated glass plates, then different static and dynamic loading cases are applied. It is then extended to plates with 3 stiff layers and then generalized to plates with N stiff layers. Experimental campaigns are set up in order to validate the models. Finally, a case study of laminated glass floor design is proposed
Ogier, Arnaud. "Méthodes de restauration en imagerie médicale tri-dimensionnelle." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S100.
Full textMontagner, Florian. "Nouvelles méthodes de tri des déchets par rayons X." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932692.
Full textCouturier, Raphaël. "Utilisation des méthodes formelles pour le développement de programmes parallèles." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0001_COUTURIER.pdf.
Full textKadri, Anis. "La méthode de tir pour des problèmes de programmation linéaire bicritères." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4917.
Full textSaoudi, Kamel. "Etude de quelques problèmes quasilinéaires elliptiques singuliers." Toulouse 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00412365v2.
Full textThis thesis concerns the study od some singular elliptic problems. Precisely, in Chapter 2, we investigate the question of multiplicity of solutions for a singular problem with critical growth in dimension N = 3. In Chapter 3, we investigate the validity of C1 versus W0 1;p energy minimisers for a quasilinear elliptic singular problem. In Chapter 4, we present global bifurcation results for a semilinear elliptic singular problem with critical growth in dimension 2 with exponentiel growth
Saez, Fabien. "Détermination de la structure tri-dimensionnelle de la couronne solaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11019.
Full textThis thesis proposes a new forward modeling method of the streamer belt, the main structure of the solar corona. This method provides both qualitative and quantitative results, and take into account the time evolution of the corona. It begins with the computation of the magnetic field at the source surface at a given time, required to locate the streamer belt. A simple geometric model of electron density is used to describe the streamer belt. The full 3D electron density is represented by an octree compressed form allowing a non uniform sampling of the 3D space, allowing a gain in memory space and in time computation. Radiance images are computed using a ray-tracing algorithm including the Thomson scattering. The time evolution of the corona is simulated by 9 octrees, representing 9 different configurations of the magnetic field during a full rotation of the solar corona (Carrington rotation). The method ends by a fitting process of the electron density parameters. The whole method is applied to simulate the streamer belt during minimum and maximum activity periods. Resulting images are compared to LASCO-C2 observations, a coronagraph onboard SOHO spacecraft. They allows to determine new models of electron density and to study the temporal evolution of the solar corona
Limayem, Frej. "Modèles de pondération par les méthodes de tri croisé pour l'aide à la décision collaborative en projet." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011948.
Full textNos apports consistent tout d'abord en une plus grande flexibilité dans la prise en compte des opinions des décideurs. Une formulation mathématique générale du problème est proposée ainsi que des perspectives, basées sur la logique floue, en vue d'une meilleure gestion de l'imprécision inhérente au jugement. Notre contribution se situe aussi au niveau de la détection et du traitement de l'incohérence induite par l'agrégation de comparaisons binaires comportant le plus souvent une part d'information redondante sans être nécessairement concordante. Un indicateur de cohérence original est proposé de même qu'une procédure itérative en vue de l'amélioration de cette cohérence. De plus, l'introduction de la notion d'entité votante permet d'envisager une plus grande variété de stratégies de vote et de cibler l'assistance apportée au groupe de décision. Enfin sur le plan pratique, un concept original de plate-forme de tri croisé asynchrone et réparti est proposé. Il offre une grande souplesse au niveau de la conception et de la conduite d'une procédure de tri croisé en projet. Une maquette informatique a été développée en vue de valider une partie de ses fonctionnalités.
Yu, Wei. "Aide multicritère à la décision dans le cadre de la problématique du tri : concepts, méthodes et applications." Paris 9, 1992. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1992PA090032.
Full textThis research is concerned by the field of multiple criteria decision aid. It aims at providing some elements of a general methodology for multiple criteria sorting problems and, more specifically, multiple criteria segmentation (MCS) problems. After showing some drawbacks of "classical" approaches, we focus our attention on the outranking approach. Some basic concepts and a general methodology are introduced. Considering elementary MCS problems, we develop and analyze several sorting procedures. By enlarging preference modelling to subsets of alternatives. We extended these procedures to the case of generalized MCS problems. In he last part, we present and illustrate, on a practical example, our software Electre tri, which is based on the Electre tri method described previously
Martinon, Pierre. "Résolution numérique de problèmes de contrôle optimal par une méthode homotopique simpliciale." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7406/1/martinon.pdf.
Full textChianea, Thierry. "Méthodes de fractionnement par couplage flux-force de sédimentation : contributions instrumentales et méthodologiques aux applications de tri cellulaire." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0024.
Full textGuilbaud, Thérèse. "Méthodes numériques pour la commande optimale." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066167.
Full textMartin, Hugo. "Optimisation multi-objectifs et élicitation de préférences fondées sur des modèles décisionnels dépendants du rang et des points de référence." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS101.
Full textThis thesis work falls within the research field of algorithmic decision theory, which is defined at the junction of decision theory, artificial intelligence and operations research. This work focuses on the consideration of sophisticated behaviors in complex decision environments (multicriteria decision making, collective decision making and decision under risk and uncertainty). We first propose methods for multi-objective optimization on implicit sets when preferences are represented by rank-dependent models (Choquet integral, bipolar OWA, Cumulative Prospect Theory and bipolar Choquet integral). These methods are based on mathematical programming and discrete algorithmics approaches. Then, we present methods for the incremental parameter elicitation of rank-dependent model that take into account the presence of a reference point in the decision maker's preferences (bipolar OWA, Cumulative Prospect Theory, Choquet integral with capacities and bicapacities). Finally, we address the structural modification of solutions under constraints (cost, quality) in multiple reference point sorting methods. The different approaches proposed in this thesis have been tested and we present the obtained numerical results to illustrate their practical efficiency
Lautesse, Philippe. "Méthodes de tri dans les collisions d'ions lourds aux énergies de Fermi et modes de désexcitation avec le multidétecteur INDRA." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00127989.
Full textLaza, Désiré. "Développpement et évaluation d'une méthode LC-MS/MS pour l'analyse de résidus de tir en criminalistique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210735.
Full textLe chapitre 2 est consacré aux résultats et discussions. Comme point de départ de tous les travaux ultérieurs, l’optimisation du fonctionnement du spectromètre et plus particulièrement la détermination des « ions précurseurs » et des « ions produits » y est traitée en détails. De plus, l’étude de la fragmentation des ions précurseurs y occupe une place prépondérante et conditionne l’établissement d’une méthode de détection et d’acquisition des données. Dans ce même chapitre sont successivement traités la mise au point de la méthode chromatographique pour l’analyse des stabilisants par LC-MS/MS, le couplage LC-MS/MS, la collecte et préparation des échantillons, dont l’extraction sur phase solide (SPE). Disposant des procédures de traitement des échantillons et d’une méthode LC-MS/MS, il nous a été possible de mener l’étude de faisabilité de l’analyse des stabilisants dans les échantillons prélevés sur les mains d’un tireur. Cette étude fait l’objet d’une proposition de publication jointe en annexe. Pour être exploitable en criminalistique, ce travail est complété par une étude sur les fréquences d’observation des stabilisants pour poudres propulsives sur les mains des non-tireurs.
L’ensemble des résultats nous permet de dresser un bilan et proposer des perspectives décrites dans le chapitre 3. A cet égard, nous proposons de poursuivre les essais relatifs aux tests de persistance des résidus de stabilisant sur les mains des tireurs et d’entamer une étude sur la caractérisation des résidus de tir de la nitrocellulose. Du point de vue de l’exploitation des acquis de ce travail, nous suggérons que les méthodes et procédures développées soient mises à l’épreuve dans les affaires nécessitant l’analyse des prélèvements effectués sur les vêtements d’un suspect ou d’une victime. Cette mise à l’épreuve permettra de comparer l’efficacité de la méthode LC-MS/MS à celle de la technique SEM/EDX habituellement utilisée.
Le chapitre 4 est consacré aux matériels et méthodes détaillant notamment les procédures de collectes et de traitement des échantillons, les paramètres de fonctionnement du spectromètre de masse et les méthodes analytiques.
This thesis deals with a research project entitled "Development of an integral system of detection and identification of gunshot residues”, carried out at the Belgian National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC). This project aims at providing the Laboratory of Chemical Ballistics, a powerful tool to detect and identify organic gunshot residues. For instance, the analyses of gunshot residues is presently performed mainly for characterizing metallic particles originating from the primer, using scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDX). However this technique has its limits and the goal of the thesis was the development of a method for the analysis of the stabilizers (and their derivatives) present in propellant powders with the use of tandem mass spectrometry coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS).
The introduction highlights the relations between Criminology and Criminalistics; it gives an outline of the classification of weapons, and describes how handguns, ammunitions, gunshot residues and Criminalistics can be linked when investigating criminal cases. The motivation of the analysis of organic gunshot residues and in particular the propellant powder stabilizers is also explained.
Chapter 1 deals in detail with the working principle of a quadrupole mass spectrometer, whether it is with a single quadrupole or composed of a tandem mass spectrometer. Important aspects connected with the ion production, the data acquisition and the ion detection are also considered.
Chapter 2 presents the results and discussions. It begins with the optimization of the operating conditions of the spectrometer, and focuses more specifically on the determination of “precursor ions" and "daughter ions”. The study of the precursor ion is more important because it is required for the choice of parameters involved in the data acquisition mode. The development of a liquid chromatography (LC) method and the procedures for collecting and preparing the samples are explained. Moreover, Chapter 2 summarizes the results of a feasibility study of the analyses of stabilizers in samples collected from the hands of a shooter. This study was published in a peer reviewed journal [1]. A complementary study on the frequencies of observation of stabilizers on the hands of non-shooter persons is reported at the end the Chapter.
The results allow also proposing perspectives which are described in Chapter 3. In this respect, the characterization of nitrocellulose residues and the study of the persistence of stabilizer residues on the hands of shooters should be undertaken. From the practical point of view, the developed methods and procedures should be tested in real cases which involve the analyses of the samples taken from the clothing of suspects and/or victims. These tests should allow an assessment of the LC-MS/MS method compared to the efficiency of the SEM/EDX technique currently used.
Chapter 4 is dedicated to the materials and methods; the sample collection and treatment procedures, as well as the working parameters of the mass spectrometer and the analytical methods are explained in detail.
[1]. Désiré Laza, Ph.D. Bart Nys, Ph.D. Jan De Kinder, Ph.D. Andrée Kirsch - De Mesmaeker, Ph.D. and Cécile Moucheron, Ph.D. Development of a Quantitative LC-MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Common Propellant Powder Stabilizers in Gunshot Residue. J. Forensic Sci, July 2007, Vol. 52, N° 4, 842-850.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Jabeur, Mohamed. "Méthodes géometriques en mécanique spatiale et aspects numériques." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012145.
Full textrecherche sur le contrôle optimal de véhicules spatiaux.
Le premier est consacré au problème du transfert orbital. Le modèle étudié est celui du contrôle en temps minimal d'un satellite que l'on souhaite insérer sur une orbite géostationnaire. Ce type de problème classique a été réactualisé avec l'évolution de la technologie des moteurs à poussée faible et continue. Notre contribution est de deux ordres. Géométrique, tout d'abord, puisqu'on étudie la contrôlabilité du système ainsi que
la géométrie des transferts (structure de la commande) à l'aide d'outils de contrôle géométrique (principe du minimum). Sont ensuite présentés l'algorithme de tir et la méthode de continuation. Ces approches permettent de traiter numériquement le problème du transfert orbital dont la poussée est forte à faible.
Le second concerne le calcul des trajectoires de rentrée
atmosphérique pour la navette spatiale. Le problème
décrivant les trajectoires est de dimension $6,$ le contrôle est l'angle de gîte cinématique ou sa dérivée et le coût est l'intégrale du flux thermique. Par ailleurs, il y a des contraintes sur l'état (flux thermique, accélération normale et pression dynamique). Notre étude est fondée sur l'obtention des conditions nécessaires d'optimalité (principe du minimum avec contraintes sur l'état) applicables à notre cas, sur le calcul des
paramètres $(\eta,\nu,u_b)$ associées à la contrainte sur l'état et sur l'analyse des synthèses optimales au voisinage de la contrainte. Une fois la trajectoire optimale déterminée, on utilise l'algorithme de tir multiple et la méthode de continuation pour les évaluations numériques.
Chupin, Maxime. "Interplanetary transfers with low consumption using the properties of the restricted three body problem." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066307/document.
Full textThe first objective of this work is to understand the dynamical properties of the circular restricted three body problem in order to use them to design low consumption missions for spacecrafts with a low thrust engine. A fundamental property is the existence of invariant manifolds associated with periodic orbits around Lagrange points. Following the Interplanetary Transport Network concept, invariant manifolds are very useful to design spacecraft missions because they are gravitational currents. A large part of this work is devoted to designing a numerical method that performs an optimal transfer between invariant manifolds. The cost we want to minimize is the $L^{1}$-norm of the control which is equivalent to minimizing the consumption of the engines. We also consider the $L^{2}$-norm of the control which is easier to minimize numerically. The numerical methods are indirect ones coupled with different continuations on the thrust, on the cost, and on the final state, to provide robustness. These methods are based on the application of the Pontryagin Maximum Principal. The algorithms developed in this work allow for the design of real life missions such as missions between the realms of libration points. The basic idea is to initialize a multiple shooting method with an admissible trajectory that contains controlled parts (local transfers) and uncontrolled parts following the natural dynamics (invariant manifolds). The methods developed here are efficient and fast (less than a few minutes to obtain the whole optimal trajectory). Finally, we develop a hybrid method, with both direct and indirect methods, to adjust the position of the matching points on the invariant manifolds for missions with large energy gaps. The gradient of the value function is given by the values of the costates at the matching points and does not require any additional computation. Hence, the implementation of the gradient descent is easy
Cots, Olivier. "Contrôle optimal géométrique : méthodes homotopiques et applications." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00742927.
Full textTrompier, François. "Développement de méthodes de dosimétrie des rayonnements ionisants pour le tri de population : application de la spectroscopie par résonance paramagnétique électronique à la mesure sur les ongles." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066128.
Full textMalaplate, Alain. "Radiométrie infrarouge : Développement et validation de méthodes utilisant la bande [3-5um] pour la détermination des paramètres de surface à haute résolution spatiale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13227.
Full textDoche, Marielle. "Techniques formelles pour l'évaluation de systèmes critiques complexes : test et modularité." École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ESAE0024.
Full textDenagbe, Samuel. "Thermoluminescence de CaSO4: TR3+ et Bi12 Ge O20 : luminescences et interactions de couplage réseau-dopant, à partir de 10K, dans un cristal dosimètre pour la datation et dans un cristal photoréactif industriel." Bordeaux 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR30205.
Full textLagroue, Pierre-Yves. "Pilotage d'un centre de tri du courrier : vers une approche intégrée des systèmes d'information, de la gestion de production et du contrôle de gestion." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010002.
Full textInformation systems, operations management and management control problems can be encountered while controlling make-to-order production systems whose demand is heavily random. Requirements for reactivity , flexi- bility and efficiency are linked to predictibility and capacity definition for these kinds of job shop. In this context, capacity definition is dependent upon the nature of the demand as weIl as operations decisions. Traditional opera- tion management and management control tools do not satisfy these require- ments. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for the analysis and conception of management systems that rely on simulation. The approach utilised clarifies how simulation can be used as an integration tool for both operations management and management control. This research explains what can be implemented to respond to the needs of production managers. In addition, it also details how information systems must be conceived in order to provide the relevant information for such implementation
Benvegnu, Carlotta. "Nelle officine della circolazione : un’etnografia del lavoro logistico tra il Grand Paris e la metropoli diffusa veneta." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080030.
Full textZipper between production and consumption, the logistics warehouses, rather than a specific good, product a flow of commodities. The sector has been growing fastly in the last years, and it is usually studied from a global perspective within social sciences. The aim of this thesis is to elaborate an in depth analysis on two warehouses of the same multinational logistics company within two distinct national and regional contexts: the Italian North-East and the Paris metropolis. The thesis is structured around many research questions: How do the logistics multinational companies adapt to the juridical, economic, and social context where they operate? How do they contribute to its transformation? Which recruitment policies do they apply? What are the practices and the working conditions? The analysis is then focused on the organization of the labour process, on the specific effects that the recruitment policies and the labour-force management produce on the social experiences of local and migrant workers, on the interactions and relationships between groups within the workplace, as well as on the formal and informal resistance practices played by the workers. The research is based on an ethnographic enquiry inside the two warehouses and on a series of biographic interviews. The thesis is at the crossroad between different sociological approaches: sociology of work and organizations, collective mobilizations and the segmentation of labour market, popular classes and, to a lesser extent, sociology of urban spaces
Cerf, Max. "Optimisation de trajectoires spatiales. Vol d'un dernier étage de lanceur - Nettoyage des débris spatiaux." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00736748.
Full textHermant, Audrey. "Sur l'algorithme de tir pour les problèmes de commande optimale avec contraintes sur l'état." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348227.
Full textHarmouche, Mazid. "Modèle électrique de collatéralité coronarienne : amélioration de l'outil de simulation d'élargissement du panel de patients." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1B009/document.
Full textBypass grafting is performed to obtain myocardial reperfusion. Coronary artery diseases induce the development of a coronary collateral circulation. However, developed collaterals are a risk factor for restenosis. We study the case of severe coronary diseases. We proposed a model based on hydraulic/electric analogy. The simulations allow to know the pressures and flow rates with the hope that these computations will augment the surgeons experience. The reductions of the stenosed arteries were estimated from angiographic observations. Flow rates are measured with a flowmeter.In the biomechanical model of this coronary network, the capillaries are represented by their hydraulic resistances. Full resolution of the fluid mechanics equations in such a network is complicated, reason why we used an analog electrical model. In the electrical model, each segment of the coronary artery is simulated by an equivalent analog circuit model. Our coronary artery system was modeled in the presence of bypasses. In this hydraulic/electric analogy, pressure and flow rate correspond to electrical voltage and current. The so-called coronary wedge pressure Pw (pressure distal to the thrombosis) is proportional to collateral flow to this area. An index based on pressure measurements has been proposed. This index is called Collateral Flow Index (CFI). However, the relationship between the collateral flow and the Pw value is not simple. That’s why we developed another CFI and demonstrated that the proposed new pressure based index of collateral flow is more sensitive to the variations of the values of the pressure distal to the thrombosis and could thus describe the role of collateral flow. Moreover, this new index is likely to reflect the balance between the two pressure drops: (Pw- Pv) driving the flow distal to the thrombosis and (Pao- Pw), driving the collateral flow. We also studied the flow rate toward the right heart territory and demonstrated that the influence of capillary and collateral resistances cannot be analyzed separately. We also analysed the most important factors that determine the right territory perfusion using a mathematical analysis which confirmed that the CFI does not fully reflect the flow rate delivered to the occluded territory. In particular, the capillary and collateral resistances are demonstrated to have a major influence on the perfusion of the right occluded territory. Even if the CFI may be improved by a more appropriate combination of the measured pressure values, collateral flow and microvascular status determination in patients with three-vessel disease remains a challenge. Another part of this work integrated seven new patients. Simulated profiles of flow rates and pressures were obtained in case of fixed and variable resistances. The last part was dedicated to the study of the Fractional Flow Reserve. Our model is now used to evaluate the functionality of the coronary circulation after revascularization
Le, Treust Loïc. "Méthodes variationnelles et topologiques pour l'étude de modèles non liénaires issus de la mécanique relativiste." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00908953.
Full textTruong, Ba Tam. "Formulation, performances mécaniques, et applications, d’un matériau TRC pour le renforcement et la réparation de structures en béton/et béton armé : Approches expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI076/document.
Full textThis study, using both experimental and numerical approaches, will help to better understand the behavior of structure strengthened/repaired by composite based on mineral matrix. It especially focuses on the study of a new coating for drinkable water reservoirs without bisphenol A. The main objective of this thesis is development of a mineral matrix composite. Feasibility, performances and behavior of composite are examined. The experimental program involves different levels of analysis. At material level, the formulation and characterization of a mineral matrix are studied. At structure level, the application of this composite for the strengthening and repair of concrete and reinforced concrete structures is considered. A bending experiment on concrete specimens and the study of twelve reinforced concrete beams submitted to four point bending load, allows presenting good disposition in terms of bearing capacity. Secondly, the local analysis highlights the efficacy of the composite to bridge the crack and stop opening propagation. The effect of two different conservation conditions of beams with TRC (immersion in water compared to in air) was studied. The objective is evaluating the pertinence of TRC conserving in the water environment to apply in the concrete water reservoir structure. The effect evaluation of load history of structures on the efficacy strengthened/repaired of TRC composite is presented. It seems that the pre-cracking does not influence on the qualitative and quantitative behavior of the structure. Concerning the numerical approach, this work aims to establish a numerical model of concrete structure and reinforced concrete structure strengthened/repaired by TRC composite materials. The model, which is based on non-linear behavior laws for the constitutive materials (concrete, steel and TRC composite), is compared, at several scales, with experimental results. The good agreement, both qualitative and quantitative, between the model used and the results as expressed in the load-deflection curves validates the proposed model at a global scale. At local level (longitudinal deformation of the steel, deformation of the concrete, deformation of the TRC, cracks opening…) the digital-experimental comparison confirms a good qualitative and, the quantitative agreement. Finally, the parametric study allows to evaluate the influence of the thickness of the composite TRC (indirectly, the reinforcement ratio of beam), and the influence of the pre-cracking configuration on the global and local behavior of the structure
Janin, Gabriel. "Contrôle optimal et applications au transfert d'orbite et à la géométrie presque-riemannienne." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633197.
Full textRouabhi, Ahmed. "Comportement et fragmentation dynamique des matériaux quasi-fragiles." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001084.
Full textJaune, Renaud. "Le droit et la régulation des prix de transfert." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D076/document.
Full textThis doctoral thesis deals with the tax aspects of transfer pricing. ln the context of a globalized economy where the transfer pricing policies and legislations are at stake, it raises the question whether proper instruments of regulation can be set, and if the law is the adequate tool to that end.Indeed, numerous people consider that the major disorders in the regulation of transfer pricing stem from the Arm's Length Principle itself, due to its lack of economic precision and the absence of a global authority against harmful tax competition.To address the issue, we assume that there is more to the Ann's Length Principle than its common definition. Indeed, we show that it can be considered as part of a universal law aimed at neutralizing the effects of the tax differences in the international economic exchange. Such an assumption provides for a criterium to assess the quality of national legislations as well as the relevance of the groups' transfer pricing policies.By analyzing the French legislation and case law, we show that a thorough implementation of the Ann's Length Principle implies not only to copy article 9 § 1 the convention models, but more generally to capture its content and essence by setting the conditions for a proper cooperation between actors. We also explain the relationship between the lacks in the regulation of transfer pricing and the process of setting new rules that takes place around the world, describing the rationale of the BEPS plan and of the various limitations and compliance obligations that Governments impose to the taxpayers. Lastly, we show that building a national legislation with reference to the universal Ann's Length Principle implies a true partnership between the Government and all stakeholders, paving the way to a new manner of debating the law
Ashraf, Muhammad. "Catégorisation de graphiques par les enseignants et les élèves." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH018/document.
Full textVisualizations have gained more importance in pedagogical material, in text books and in computer programs. Despite the co-existence of many different types of visualizations or graphical genres, learning research only has taken into account the distinction between text and pictures. This thesis aims at unpacking what, at least in learning research, seems to be one single holistic indivisible category of visualizations. We focused on teachers' and Masters students' thoughts on the existence of different types of visualizations and their presumed function in teaching and learning. Research on graphical representations is mainly focused on students' comprehension of graphical representations. However, there is very little research in extend of teachers' comprehension of graphical representations. In addition, the aspect of teacher training of graphical representations is also relatively ignored. There are two main parts in this thesis: theoretical and empirical. In theoretical part, we presented the literature on the existence of graphical representations in worldwide curricula. Remarkable works of cartographers who played important rule for the advancement of graphic representations in context of teaching and learning. And finally, classification of different genres of graphical representations was also exhibited. Empirical part on the other hand, based on three studies conducted with in-service teachers and Masters students' about their comprehension of graphical genres. First study was conducted with in-service teachers from France and Pakistan to investigate their basic understanding of graphical representations. Second and third study explores the Masters' students' categorization of graphical representations. In conclusion, it seems that the teacher training programs lack the training of graphic comprehension. Even in the domain of geography which is considered the major domain about graphics and graphic education, teachers were observed unfamiliar with many graphic genres. Overall, Generic graphical representations (i.e. line graph, pie charts, bar charts, maps and tables etc.) were identified more comfortably. However, classification of hybrid graphical representations (i.e. combination of map and bar graph or other hybrid graphics) was slightly difficult for the participants
Daoud, Bilel. "Contribution au controle optimal du problème circulaire restreint des trois corps." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00696163.
Full textBai, Lijie. "Ordonnancement des trains dans une gare complexe et à forte densité de circulation." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0017/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the trains platforming problem within busy and complex railway stations and aims to develop a computerized dispatching support tool for railway station dispatchers to generate a full-day conflict-free timetable. The management of rail traffic in stations requires careful scheduling to fit to the existing infrastructure, while avoiding conflicts between large numbers of trains and satisfying safety or business policy and objectives. Based on operations research techniques and professional railway expertise, we design a generalized mathematical model to formalize the trains platforming problem including topology of railway station, trains' activities, dispatching constraints and objectives. As a large-scale problem, full-day platforming problem is decomposed into tractable sub-problems in time order by cumulative sliding window algorithm. Each sub-problem is solved by branch-and-bound algorithm implemented in CPLEX. To accelerate calculation process of sub-problems, tri-level optimization model is designed to provide a local optimal solution in a rather short time. This local optimum is provided to branch-and bound algorithm as an initial solution.This system is able to verify the feasibility of tentative timetable given to railway station. Trains with unsolvable conflicts will return to their original activity managers with suggestions for the modification of arrival and departure times. Time deviations of commercial trains' activities are minimized to reduce the delay propagation within the whole railway networks
Merabtine, Abdelatif. "Modélisation Bond Graphs en vue de l'Efficacité Énergétique du Bâtiment." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0121/document.
Full textOur works focus on the setting of reliable tools able to analyze the interaction between the building envelope and HVAC systems. The developed approach is based on Bond Graphs methodology, a graphical modeling language which is particularly suitable for energy exchanges. A numerical model gathering, under the same simulation environment, sub-models representing the building envelope, the solar gains, the floor heating, the chilled ceiling and the ventilation system, is developed in order to predict the energy interactions between these sub-systems. The multi-zone building model is developed in order to simulate and analyze the overall building thermal behavior. Then, the solar gains model is also included to predict the solar radiation exchanges in a way close to reality. The model of the heating and cooling system, combining the floor heating and the chilled ceiling, is developed in order to improve the thermal comfort of the building. Afterwards, the ventilation system is modeled in order to represent the air exchange inside the building. The experimental validation is carried out on the tri-generation unit integrated with a thermal solar system (platform ENERBAT). Furthermore, the parametrical study was realized in order to gain a better understanding according to the impact of some factors in the energy performance of the single-family building located in Meurthe-et-Moselle region (France). Optimization of several measures, such as insulation of the building envelope, type of glazing, building orientation and ventilation system, is performed to respond to the requirements of the French thermal standard (RT2012)
Bonalli, Riccardo. "Optimal control of aerospace systems with control-state constraints and delays." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS388.
Full textIn this work, we address the real-time optimal guidance of launch vehicles with the objective of designing an autonomous algorithm for the prediction of optimal control strategies, based on indirect methods, able to adapt itself to unpredicted changes of the original scenario. To this aim, we first provide an accurate geometric analysis in the presence of mixed control-state constraints to recover a well-posed framework and correctly apply indirect methods. A practical numerical integration of the problem is proposed by efficiently combining indirect methods with homotopy procedures, increasing robustness and computational speed. Moreover, we improve dynamical models by considering delays. More specifically, we introduce a rigorous and well-posed homotopy framework to recover solutions for optimal control problems with delays via indirect methods. All our contributions made possible the development of a fully automatic, independent and self-regulating software, today property of ONERA-The French Aerospace Lab, for general realistic endo-atmospheric launch vehicle applications focused on optimal missile interception scenarios