Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthode de phase-Field'
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Mellenthin, Jesper. "Modélisation de la croissance de matériaux polycristallins par la méthode du champ de phase." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003136.
Full textGu, Hanfeng. "Multigrid methods for 3D composite material simulation and crack propagation modelling based on a phase field method." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI090/document.
Full textWith the development of imaging techniques like X-Ray tomography in recent years, it is now possible to take into account the microscopic details in composite material simulations. However, the composites' complex nature such as inclined and broken fibers, voids, requires rich data to describe these details and thus brings challenging problems in terms of computational time and memory when using traditional simulation methods like the Finite Element Method. These problems become even more severe in simulating failure processes like crack propagation. Hence, it is necessary to investigate more efficient numerical methods for this kind of large scale problems. The MultiGrid (MG) method is such an efficient method, as its computational cost is proportional to the number of unknowns. In this thesis, an efficient MG solver is developed for these problems. The MG method is applied to solve the static elasticity problem based on the Lame's equation and the crack propagation problem based on a phase field method. The accuracy of the MG solutions is validated with Eshelby's classic analytic solution. Then the MG solver is developed to investigate the composite homogenization process and its solutions are compared with existing solutions in the literature. After that, the MG solver is applied to simulate the free-edge effect in laminated composites. A real laminated structure using X-Ray tomography is first simulated. At last, the MG solver is further developed, combined with a phase field method, to simulate the brittle crack propagation. The MG method demonstrates its efficiency both in time and memory dimensions for solving the above problems
Lebbad, Hocine. "Modélisation de la croissance des structures de Widmanstätten par la méthode des champs de phase." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS573.
Full textHe complex rearrangement of the phase domains in a metallic alloy, called microstructure, strongly impacts its mechanical properties. To optimize them, it is therefore important to understand the formation and evolution of the microstructures. The present work is devoted to a specific type of microstructures, called Widmanstätten. These acicular structures are observed in many metallic alloys (FeC, CuZn ...). Their growth, driven by the diffusion of alloying elements, occurs at constant velocity, in isothermal conditions. Yet, several aspects of this growth remain poorly understood, which justifies this study. Using phase-field models, we first show that the anisotropy of the elastic energy plays a key role on the growth, in both 2D and 3D. We observe that the tip radius of curvature does not depend on a dynamical process but relies on the competition between interfacial and elastic energy. Then, we illustrate the ability of our model to correctly describe the size of the tip. We have then developed two models to take into account two different mechanisms of relaxation by plastic deformation: misfit dislocations and plastic activity in the matrix. We have observed that plasticity does not change the singular growth at constant velocity but yet modifies the value of the growth velocity and the tip radius of curvature. Finally, we have developed a formalism at a thinner scale which is able to describe step nucleation and growth, which are often observed in Widmanstätten structures. Preliminary results, for a non-conserved field, are presented here
Bayle, Raphaël. "Simulation des mécanismes de changement de phase dans des mémoires PCM avec la méthode multi-champ de phase." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX035.
Full textPhase change memories (PCM) exploit the variation of resistance of a small volume of phase change material: the binary information is coded through the amorphous or crystalline phase of the material. The phase change is induced by an electrical current, which heats the material by the Joule effect. Because of its fast and congruent crystallization, theGe2Sb2Te5 alloy is widely used for PCM. Nevertheless, to get a better reliability at high temperatures, which is required e.g. for automotive applications, STMicroelectronics uses a Ge-rich GeSbTe alloy. In this alloy, chemical segregation and appearance of a new crystalline phase occur during crystallization. The distribution of phases and alloy components are critical for the proper functioning of the memory cell; thus, predictive simulations would be extremely useful. Phase field models are used for tracking interfaces between areas occupied by different phases. In this work, a multi-phase field model allowing simulating the distribution of phases and species in Ge-rich GeSbTe has been developed. The parameters of the model have been determined using available data on this alloy. Two types of simulations have been carried out, firstly to describe crystallization during annealing of initially amorphous deposited thin layer; secondly to follow the evolution of phase distribution during memory operation using temperature fields that are typical for those operations. Comparisons between simulations and experiments show that they both exhibit the same features
Sarkis, Carole. "Modélisation de la solidification dendritique d’un alliage Al-4.5%pdsCu atomisé avec une méthode de champs de phase anisotrope adaptative." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM048/document.
Full textDendritic growth is computed using a phase-field model with automatic adaptation of an anisotropic and unstructured finite element mesh. Unknowns are the phase-field function, a dimensionless temperature and a dimensionless composition, as proposed by [KAR1998] and [RAM2004]. Linear finite element interpolation is used for all variables, after discretization stabilization techniques that ensure convergence towards a correct non-oscillating solution. In order to perform quantitative computations of dendritic growth on a large domain, two additional numerical ingredients are necessary: automatic anisotropic unstructured adaptive meshing [COU2011], [COU2014] and parallel implementations [DIG2001], both made available with the numerical platform used (CimLib) based on C++ developments. Mesh adaptation is found to greatly reduce the number of degrees of freedom. Results of phase-field simulations for dendritic solidification of a pure material and a binary alloy in two and three dimensions are shown and compared with reference work. Discussion on algorithm details and the CPU time are outlined and a comparison with a macroscopic model are made
Ghmadh, Jihène. "Etude par la méthode du champ de phase à trois dimensions de la solidification dirigée dans des lames minces." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4368/document.
Full textWe report on a numerical study of directional solidification in thin samples of succinonitrile-based dilute alloy. This thesis is based on 3D phase-field simulations. Numerical results are compared qualitatively and quantitatively with experimental observations. The comparison gives a good confirmation of the experimental laws, while providing new information on the dynamics of microstructures. Growth direction of the microstructure is constrained by two axes : the main crystal axis and the direction of the thermal gradient. Simulations allow us to test the variations of the growth direction and the microstructure stability at various misorientation angles. Our results are directly compared with the experimental law that gives the microstructure orientation response in a large domain of Péclet numbers. We obtain a good agreement, both on qualitative and quantitative grounds, between experiments and 3D simulations.In the second part of this manuscript, an oscillatory instability (2λ − O mode) is numerically studied. This mode involves oscillations of both cell width and cell tip position. This instability is reproduced in numerical simulations with the aim of allowing a fine and relevant comparison with experiments of the domain of existence and the periods of oscillation. In particular, the forced oscillation regime is explored to obtain information on the frequency response of the system
Tiwari, Vaishnvi. "A consistent approach for coupling lumped-parameter and phase-field models for in-vessel corium to thermodynamic databases." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX087.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis is focused on ensuring a thermodynamically consistent representation of in-vessel corium (a high temperature mixture of molten reactor core and structural materials, described as a U-O-Zr-steel system) in the coupled thermohydraulic-thermochemical models that are used for performing Severe Accident (SA) analysis of nuclear Light Water Reactors (LWRs); in particular, the In-Vessel Melt Retention (IVMR) Strategy. In this context, the use of a thermodynamic database obtained by the CALPHAD method seems relevant by providing closures and inputs to the thermohydraulic and thermochemical models respectively. These databases consist of models for Gibbs energy functions of the possible phases for a system that can be used to obtain the equilibrium thermodynamic description for the system as well as material thermodynamic properties for out-of-equilibrium conditions.Through this work, a systematic approach for ensuring extensive utilization of CALPHAD data in the coupled models has been developed, and the associated questions have been answered for ‘mock-up’ macroscopic and mesoscopic models developed for describing some of the phenomena pertaining to in-vessel corium behaviour.As a first step, the feasibility of using CALPHAD based closures (in the form of enthalpy-temperature relations and local equilibrium conditions) has been tested on the macroscopic model developed using the lumped parameter approach. Considering the ternary U-O-Zr system, this model describes the plane front solidification process at the boundary of a molten corium pool. The second part of the work is focused on the development of a general formulation for diffuse interface models under the phase-field approach, which can be used to simulate the kinetics of various thermochemical processes under non-isothermal conditions such as solidification and phase segregation. The questions related to the thermodynamic consistency of the model as well as its parameterization (in particular with respect to the up-scaling of the interface thickness) have been addressed and the numerical results have been discussed for binary U-Zr and U-O systems under isothermal conditions
Gong, Yang Hao. "Sur l'analyse multiéchelle du changement de morphologie du PET sous l'effet de la température ou des sollicitations mécaniques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1003/document.
Full textIn this thesis work, we are interested in simulating the evolution of the microstructure of a polymer. In particular, we have studied in the morphology change of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) under different mechanisms. These simulations carried out by the phase field simulation. This method based on the Cahn-Hilliard equation or the Ginzburg-Landau equation. It uses an order parameter to describe the state of material, thermodynamic and kinetic variables. Thus we can describe the microstructure evolution without tracking the interface (which would require complex remeshing) and reproduce the evolution of the crystalline structure within the polymers, for example the growth of spherulites which appear during crystallization induced by temperature. Within the scope the morphology changing by the temperature, the evolution of phase field simulation is performed by the finite difference method and the finite element method. The kinetic coefficient is adjusted in order to fit the experiment data in of the literature. We introduce the multiphase field model (the MPF model) in order to simulate the evolution of several spherulites and to describe the junction of spherulites. The growth and junction of spherulites have been modeled by the finite element method and nicely reproduced in comparing the experimental evolution of isothermal crystallization of a polymer. Comparing these results with the Avrami macroscopic model, an evaluation of the Avrami constant, K (T), was discussed according to the fluctuations of the initial conditions (positions and size of the germs).In the following part, we study the crystallization induced by mechanical deformation. We are interested in the viscoelastic model to simulate the induced crystallization of PET in plane stress. The phase field model coupled to mechanics will be presented. Different viscoelastic behaviors have been considered for each phase. The influence on crystallization and orientation of the deformation, the stress velocity and the contrast between the phases are studied and compared qualitatively with the experimental observations. This is a preliminary study that will have to be continued in order to predict a more realistic morphology
Abourou, Ella Appolinaire. "Étude des solutions stationnaires d'un modèle de champs de phase cristallin." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2273/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of stationary solutions of a Phase Field Crystal model, in one spacedimension, introduced by Elder in 2002. Thus, we prove by the Lyapunov-Schmidt method of reductionand the multiparameter technique, the existence of the curves of bifurcating stationary solutions whenthe kernel of the linearized operator near to trivial solution is of two dimension. A parenthesis is open forcomparing the energies of the bifurcating solution and the trivial solution. Also, thanks to the principle ofreduced stability, we provide specific sets of parameter values for wich the obtained solutions are stable orunstable. These theoretical results are confirmed by several numerical tests.Moreover, in the classical case of a one dimensional kernel, we establish the phase diagrams allowing tounderstand the different orientations of non-trivial solutions curves near to of each bifurcation point
Hamma, Juba. "Modélisation par la méthode des champs de phase du maclage mécanique dans des alliages de titane β-métastables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS381.
Full textBeta-metastable titanium alloys exhibit remarkable mechanical properties at room temperature, linked to the microstructure evolution under stress. A specific deformation mode plays an essential role: the {332}<11-3> twinning system. This thesis work thus concerns a modeling, by the phase field method, of {332} twin variants evolution under stress. The first part is devoted to an Allen-Cahn type phase field model with an elasticity taken into account in a geometrically linear formalism. This model is used with an isotropic or anisotropic interface energy in order to study the influence of the latter on the growth of twin variants. The role of an elasticity formulated in finite strain is then discussed and gives rise to the second part of this work. A mechanical equilibrium solver formulated in the geometrically non-linear formalism using a spectral method is then set up and validated. It is then used in the development of an Allen-Cahn type phase field model considering a geometrically non-linear elasticity. We then proceed to a fine comparative study of the microstructures obtained in linear and non-linear geometries. The results show a major difference between the microstructures obtained in the two elastic frameworks, concluding on the need for elasticity in finite strain formalism to reproduce the twin microstructures observed experimentally. Finally, we present a prospective study of a more general phase field formalism than the previous ones, based on a Lagrange reduction method, which would allow to fully take into account the reconstructive character of twinning and the hierarchical nature of the microstructures observed experimentally
El, kettani Perla. "Équations d'évolution stochastiques locales et non locales dans des problèmes de transition de phase." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS494/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to develop methods for proving the existence and uniqueness of solutionsof local and nonlocal stochastic evolution equations in phase transition problems. In chapter 1, we studyan initial value problem for a nonlocal stochastic reaction-diffusion equation with homogeneous Neumannboundary conditions in an open bounded set of ℝn, with a smooth boundary. We consider the case of ageneral nonlinear elliptic operator and we suppose that the noise is additive and induced by a Q-Wiener process.The deterministic problem with a linear diffusion term is used to model phase separation in a binarymixture. The proof of existence for the stochastic problem is based on a change of function which involvesthe solution of the stochastic heat equation with a nonlinear diffusion term. We obtain a problem withoutthe noise term. This simplifies the application of the monotonicity method, which we use to identify thelimit of the nonlinear terms. In chapter 2, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution for a phasefield problem with multiplicative noises induced by Q-Wiener processes. This problem models for instancethe process of melting and solidification. To that purpose we apply the Galerkin method and derive a prioriestimates for the approximate solutions. The last step is to identify the limit of the nonlinear terms whichwe do by the so-called stochastic monotonicity method. Finally, in chapter 3, we prove the existence anduniqueness of a pathwise solution in space dimension up to 6 for the stochastic nonlocal Allen-Cahn equationwith a multiplicative noise induced by a Q-Wiener process. The usual compactness method for deterministicproblems cannot be applied in a stochastic context because of the additional probability variable. Therefore,we apply the stochastic compactness method
De, Rancourt Victor. "Modélisation de l’oxydation des aciers inoxydables polycristallins par une approche en champs de phases couplée avec la mécanique." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0021/document.
Full textAustenitic stainless steels and nickel based alloys are widely used for their mechanical properties at high temperatures.Their durability can be increased by the addition of chromium resulting in the formation of a protective oxide layer such as chromia (Cr2O3).Nevertheless, it is established from vacuum mechanical tests that oxidation significantly decreases their fatigue life.In fact, oxide growth can be followed with the injection of defects such as vacancies, deleterious chemical elements and residual stresses, etc., into the metal.The resulting cracking micromechanisms are therefore governed by complex interactions between the environment and the metal surface, implying the chemical composition and the microstructure of the metal.To date, materials life prediction is a necessity for the nuclear industry due to safety and economic issues.The enhancement of the model dimensionality allow to explicitly account for multi-physics interactions between oxide and metallic phases under mechanical loads.The thesis is in line with it and relies on the development of a phase field model coupled with mechanics that heavily relies on the principles of continuum thermodynamics.The effective behaviour of the interface is obtained by homogenisation methods allowing the mixture of separate behaviours, as it is the case on a ductile metallic substrate and its fragile oxide.Oxide growth residual stresses and mechanical load induced stresses can be relaxed by viscoplasticity, which is isotropic and anisotropic respectively for the oxide and the substrate.Full field finite element simulations are performed to study both generalised and intergranular oxidation under mechanical loads.The simulations highlight the possibility of triggering breakaway oxidation by the generation of tensile stresses in the fragile oxide, which can be localised along oxide intrusions at grain boundaries
Zaim, Mohammed. "Modélisation numérique de la localisation de l'écoulement et des déformations dans les milieux poreux partiellement saturés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0024.
Full textFingering flow is a hydraulicinstability that occurs in partially saturatedporous media due to the displacement of thefluid in place in the pores by another fluidcharacterized by a different density andviscosity. When this instability is triggered, theinterface separating the two fluids becomesunstable, forming fingers. Traditional modelsdescribing flow in partially saturated porousmedia are unable to model this phenomenon, asthey are based on a constitutive law given bythe retention curve, which directly relatescapillary pressure to the degree of saturation. Inorder to account for fingering, a gradient modelbased on a phase field approach for deformablepartially saturated porous media is adopted inthis work.The numerical implementation of this newporomechanical model, using the finiteelement method, allows characterizing on theone hand the occurrence of fingering hydraulicinstabilities and on the other one to capturetheir effects on the irreversible, and possibleunstable, deformation of the solid skeleton. Theenvisaged application concerns the behavior offine-grained soils whose dilatant/contractantbehavior is more and more attracting theinterest of the scientific community both in thefields of experimental research and numericalmodeling
Nasreddine, Rouba. "Développement d'une méthode analytique et d'un microanalyseur miniaturisé pour la détection des BTEX dans l'air." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF010.
Full textBTEX are very widespread indoor air pollutants. Their harmful effects on human health had led the legislator to set thresholds in order to limit the population exposure. The aim of this thesis is to develop a sensitive, accurate and fast analytical method based on a measurement device. Therefore, the device implemented is a miniaturized gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a mini photo ionization detector dedicated to BTEX detection in indoor air in near-real time. The miniaturized GC is very portable with a very low gas consumption which enhances its autonomy over a long period. Its operation mode is based on air sampling inside a sample loop which is connected to a six port valve. The injection over a heated analytical column is ensured by switching the valve position before detection by a photo ionization detector. This novel device was used in real conditions during two field campaigns conducted in an energy efficient college. This study focused on the temporal monitoring of indoor air pollutant concentrations including BTEX. The results obtained with our miniaturized device for BTEX were compared to those given by other techniques known as reference techniques. These field campaigns have therefore enabled us to validate the analytical performances, the robustness and the autonomy of this novel analytical method
Schwaab, Marie-Émeline. "Growth of interacting cracks : numerical approach to "En-passant" fracture." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1276/document.
Full textMacroscopic failure of a material happens generally through the coalescence of micro-defects rather than the catastrophic propagation of a single crack. It is therefore advisable to study fracture problems in which many cracks interact. The case of en-passant crack pairs (EP-cracks), two parallel and offset cracks approaching each other by propagating through their inner tips, presents a marked interest as these cracks can be found in various natural (bones, oceanic rifts,..) or industrial (civil engineering,…) situations. Despite the large variety of scales and materials in which these cracks are observed, their trajectories present a remarkably self-similar hook-shape. This shape result from the crack-crack interaction, first repulsive before becoming attractive, and its origin is poorly understood. In particular, the initial repulsive behaviour seems to question the validity of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). In this thesis, we first studied EP-cracks in the LEFM framework. The study of the initial kink angle and the simulation of crack paths showed against all expectations that LEFM is able to reproduce qualitatively the hook-shaped paths. Precise predictions of specific characteristics, such as the magnitude of repulsion, requires a more refined model of the material behaviour. We then used a phase-field model to augment the material representation. As they are strongly influenced by the characteristic length scale of the phase-field, the new simulated trajectories indicate that it is possible to develop a more quantitatively correct model. An attractive prospect is to link this characteristic length to the material microstructure
Wu, Yi. "Topology optimization in structural dynamics : vibrations, fracture resistance and uncertainties." Thesis, Paris Est, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PESC2007.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to develop density based-topology optimization methods for several challenging dynamic structural problems. First, we propose a normalization strategy for elastodynamics to obtain optimized material distributions of the structures that reduces frequency response and improves the numerical stabilities of the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO). Then, to take into account uncertainties in practical engineering problems, a hybrid interval uncertainty model is employed to efficiently model uncertainties in dynamic structural optimization. A perturbation method is developed to implement an uncertainty-insensitive robust dynamic topology optimization in a form that greatly reduces the computational costs. In addition, we introduce a model of interval field uncertainty into dynamic topology optimization. The approach is applied to single material, composites and multi-scale structures topology optimization. Finally, we develop a topology optimization for dynamic brittle fracture structural resistance, by combining topology optimization with dynamic phase field fracture simulations. This framework is extended to design impact-resistant structures. In contrast to stress-based approaches, the whole crack propagation is taken into account into the optimization process
Liang, Haozhao. "Nuclear charge-exchange excitations in a self-consistent covariant approach." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112178.
Full textNowadays, charge-exchange excitations in nuclei become one of the central topics in nuclear physics and astrophysics. Basically, a systematic pattern of the energy and collectivity of these excitations could provide direct information on the spin and isospin properties of the in-medium nuclear interaction, and the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter. Furthermore, a basic and critical quantity in nuclear structure, neutron skin thickness, can be determined indirectly by the sum rule of spin-dipole resonances (SOR) or the excitation energy spacing between the isobaric analog states (lAS) and Gamow-Teller resonances (GTR). More generally, charge-exchange excitations allow one to attack other kinds of problems outside the realm of nuclear structure, like the description of neutron star and supernova evolutions, the β-decay of nuclei which lie on the r-process path of stellar nucleosynthesis, and the neutrino-nucleus cross sections. They also play an essential role in extracting the value of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element Vud via the nuclear 0+→ 0 + superallowed Fermi β decays. For all these reasons, it is important to develop the microscopic theories of charge-exchange excitations and it is the main motivation of the present work. Ln this work, a fully self-consistent charge-exchange relativistic random phase approximation (RPA) based on the relativistic Hartree-Fock (RHF) approach is established. Its self-consistency is verified by the so-called lAS check. This approach is then applied to investigate the nuclear spin-isospin resonances, isospin symmetry-breaking corrections for the superallowed β decays, and the charged-current neutrino-nucleus cross sections. For two important spin-isospin resonances, GTR and SOR, it is shown that a very satisfactory agreement with the experimental data can be obtained without any readjustment of the energy functional. Furthermore, the isoscalar mesons are found to play an essential role in spin-isospin resonances via the exchange terms, which leads to a profound effect in the nuclear isovector properties, e. G. , the density dependence of the symmetry energy in nuclear matter. Ln the investigation of the isospin symmetry-breaking corrections for the superallowed β decays, it is found that the corrections δc are sensitive to the proper treatments of the Coulomb mean field, but not so much to specific effective interactions. With these corrections δc, the nucleus-independent Ft values are obtained in combination with the experimental ft values in the most recent survey and the improved radiative corrections. The values of Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element IVudI thus obtained weil agree with those obtained in neutron decay, pion decay, and nuclear mirror transitions, while the sum of squared top-row elements somehow deviates from the unitarity condition. Expressing the weak lepton-hadron interaction in the standard current-current form, the relevant transitions from the nuclear ground state to the excited states are calculated with RHF+RPA approach. Ln this way, the semileptonic weak interaction processes, e. G. , neutrino reactions, charged- lepton capture, β-decays, can be investigated microscopically and self-consistently. First illustrative calculations of the inclusive neutrino-nucleus cross section are performed for the 16 O(Ve ,e-)16 F reaction, and a good agreement with the previous theoretical studies is obtained. The main effort is dedicated to discussing the substantial influence of different recipes for the axial vector coupling strength and the theoretical low-Iying excited states of the daughter nucleus
Pi, Haohong. "Analyse expérimentale-numérique de l'écoulement diphasique dans des modèles de milieu poreux sur puce microfluidique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0126.
Full textThe core-flood experiments are the usual method used to study the immiscible biphasic flow. However, beside reproducibility aspects, a significant drawback is that with these black box experiments, we cannot observe and capture key phenomena at the pore scale, including interfacial interactions and details about mobilization of the trapped oil (e.g. size and distribution of residual ganglia). This is why microfluidic micromodel devices are now extensively used in lab EOR experiments. They preserve the structural details of the rock while offering advantages such as easy cleaning and repeatability. Visual tracking of fluids displacement is particularly important as it can provide more details about the behavior of wetting and non-wetting phases in porous media, aiding in targeted strategies to enhance oil recovery rates. This thesis explores the intricate dynamics of immiscible two-phase flows combines microfluidic porous medium models, often referred to as “reservoir-on-a-chip”, with numerical simulations.In our experiments, we used morphological to monitor and record displacement behavior in biphasic flow, systematically studying the effects of different capillary numbers (Ca) and viscosity ratios (M) on the flow mechanisms and the mobilization of residual oil. The results indicated that during waterflooding, displacement exhibited characteristics of viscous fingering at lower Ca and M values. By increasing the flow rate to enhance Ca tenfold, the residual oil showing lateral and even backward invasion of flow paths without significant changes in cluster size. With increasing M, both the cluster size and the maximum cluster size decreased, leading to a more uniform distribution of residual oil and lower Sor. The mobilization mechanism of residual oil manifested as ganglia breakup, with newly formed smaller ganglia being mobilized under higher pressures. The distribution of residual oil clusters is consistent with percolation theory, where the scaling exponent τ is 2.0. All experimental results for Sor and corresponding Ca values collapsed onto the classical Capillary Desaturation Curve (CDC).The experimental findings served as a foundation for developing a numerical model using a phase-field approach. This model, based on the Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes system of equations, effectively captures the bi-phasic flow behavior of immiscible fluids within confined domains. It incorporates conservation of mass and momentum equations, enhanced by phase separation dynamics and interfacial energy considerations. The numerical simulations, executed on the open-source finite element platform Fenics, align qualitatively and quantitatively with experimental observations, affirming the accuracy of model in predicting fluid behaviors under varied physical conditions, advancing our understanding of pore-scale fluid dynamics. Simulations focus on dissecting the influence of fluid properties and operational conditions on the displacement mechanisms at the pore scale
Michelet, Jordan. "Extraction du fouillis de mer dans des images radar marin cohérent : modèles de champ de phases, méthodes de Boltzmann sur réseau, apprentissage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS048.
Full textWe focus on the problem of sea clutter extraction in marine radar images. The aim is to develop image processing methods allowing us to avoid assumptions about the nature of the sea clutter and the signal of interest. On the one hand, we propose an original algorithm based on a variational approach : a multiphase model with diffuse interface. The results obtained show that the algorithm is efficient when the signal of interest has a sufficiently large signal-to-clutter ratio. On the other hand, we focus on the implementation of lattice Boltzmann schemes for convection-diffusion problems with non-constant advection velocity and non-zero source term. We describe the computation of the consistency obtained by asymptotic analysis at the acoustic scale and with a multiple relaxation time collision operator, and study the stability of these schemes in a particular case. The obtained results show that the proposed schemes allow removing the residual noise and to enhance the signal of interest on the image obtained with the first method. Finally, we propose a learning method allowing us to avoid assumptions on the nature of the signal of interest. Indeed, in addition to the variational approach, we propose an algorithm based on pulse-Doppler processing when the signal of interest is exo-clutter and has a low signal-to-clutter ratio. The results obtained from the proposed double auto-encoder, being comparable to the results provided by each of the two methods, allow validating this approach
Rouchette, Hadrien. "Sink efficiency calculation of dislocations in irradiated materials by phase-field modelling." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10017/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to develop a modelling technique for diffusion of crystallographic migrating defects in irradiated metals and absorption by sinks to better predict the microstructural evolution in those materials.The phase field technique is well suited for this problem, since it naturally takes into account the elastic effects of dislocations on point defect diffusion in the most complex cases. The phase field model presented in this work has been adapted to simulate the generation of defects by irradiation and their absorption by the dislocation cores by means of a new order parameter associated to the sink morphology. The method has first been validated in different reference cases by comparing the sink strengths obtained numerically with analytical solutions available in the literature. Then, the method has been applied to dislocations with different orientations in zirconium, taking into account the anisotropic properties of the crystal and point defects, obtained by state-of-the-art atomic calculations.The results show that the shape anisotropy of the point defects promotes the vacancy absorption by basal loops, which is consistent with the experimentally observed zirconium growth under irradiation. Finally, the rigorous investigation of the dislocation loop case proves that phase field simulations give more accurate results than analytical solutions in realistic loop density ranges
Riad, Soukaina. "Vers une modélisation de la corrosion sous contrainte assistée par l'irradiation du superalliage 718." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0039.
Full textInconel 718 alloy is renowned for having excellent corrosion resistance, very high mechanical strength and good resistance to irradiation. Thus, it is a material of choice within a nuclear power reactor for parts subjected to extreme stresses (springs, retaining systems,...). However, failures in service have been observed in this material under irradiationassisted stress corrosion cracking phenomenon. This thesis aims to bring new elements of understanding of this complex phenomenon from the point of view of numerical modeling. The stress corrosion cracking process is modeled by the phase field fracture method. A unified implementation, able to deal with inter and intergranular fracture, is proposedand allows to couple efficiently different scales of work (from continuous medium to polycrystal) and different physics (mechanics of continuous and generalized media and internal oxidation). This modeling allows to propose simulations of the complex stages of stress corrosion cracking, namely initiation, coalescence and propagation
Moghrabi, Kassem. "Beyond-mean-field corrections and effective interactions in the nuclear many-body problem." Phd thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00908607.
Full textLi, Tianyi. "Gradient-damage modeling of dynamic brittle fracture : variational principles and numerical simulations." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX042/document.
Full textIn civil engineering, mechanical integrity of the reinforced concrete structures under severe transient dynamic loading conditions is of paramount importance for safety and calls for an accurate assessment of structural behaviors in presence of dynamic crack propagation. In this work, we focus on the constitutive modeling of concrete regarded as an elastic-damage brittle material. The strain localization evolution is governed by a gradient-damage approach where a scalar field achieves a smeared description of dynamic fracture phenomena. The contribution of the present work is both theoretical and numerical. We propose a variationally consistent formulation of dynamic gradient damage models. A formal definition of several energy release rate concepts in the gradient damage model is given and we show that the dynamic crack tip equation of motion is governed by a generalized Griffith criterion. We then give an efficient numerical implementation of the model based on a standard finite-element spatial discretization and the Newmark time-stepping methods in a parallel computing framework. Simulation results of several problems are discussed both from a computational and physical point of view. Different damage constitutive laws and tension-compression asymmetry formulations are compared with respect to their aptitude to approximate brittle fracture. Specific properties of the dynamic gradient damage model are investigated for different phases of the crack evolution: nucleation, initiation, propagation, arrest, kinking and branching. Comparisons with experimental results are also performed in order to validate the model and indicate its further improvement
Borzacchiello, Domenico. "Three-dimensional numerical simulation of encapsulation in polymer coextrusion." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976093.
Full textBrenot, Dominique. "Transmission du son à l'intérieur d'une structure axisymétrique." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066022.
Full textGmati, Hela. "Modélisation par champ de phase de la rupture des matériaux solides élastiques et élasto-viscoplastiques." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE010.
Full textThe Phase-Field Method (PFM), which has been designed for interfacial problems, provides an attractive framework for the modelling of fracture. The present work aims at developing some constitutive models within the framework of the PFM to model fracture in homogeneous and polycrystalline materials. For this purpose, two different situations have been examined. For the first situation, which is typical of brittle fracture, the development of damage is driven by the accumulation of elastic strain energy. The second situation is the one where damage is controlled by the development of plastic strains, which is quite common for ductile or fatigue fracture.The phase-field model for brittle fracture uses a scalar damage variable to represent the progressive degradation of mechanical resistance. The spatial gradient of the damage variable, which is treated as an additional external state variable, serves regularization purposes and allows considering the surface energy associated with cracks. The deviatoric/spherical decomposition of elastic strain energy is used to consider closure effects. Some material parameters have been introduced to control the impact of deviatoric and spherical contributions on the development of damage. Also, the proposed strategy is adapted to any class of material symmetry. Numerical implementation is undertaken via the finite element method, where nodal degrees of freedom are the displacement and the damage variable. For illustration purpose, the numerical simulations are carried out under both static and dynamic loading conditions.An extension of the above model to plasticity-driven fracture in polycrystalline materials is also proposed. The framework of crystal plasticity has been used for the construction of constitutive relations. To consider the role of plastic strains on the development of damage, the proposed strategy uses the coupling between damage and hardening. The consequence is that the driving force for damage contains some contributions from isotropic and kinematic hardening variables. According to the numerical results, the important features of ductile and fatigue fracture are correctly reproduced
Aoun, Mirella. "Analyse et analyse numérique d'EDP issues de la thermomécanique des fluides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMR093.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on nonlinear evolutionary systems derived from a non-isothermal solidification problem with melt convection. These systems consist of three partial differential equations. The first is the phase-field equation coupled with the heat equation and the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation. More precisely, we are interested in the existence of solutions for these types of systems in the two-dimensional and the three-dimensional cases, and in the convergence of a finite volume approximation. One of the particularities of this type of system is the presence of a term naturally in L^1 in the energy conservation equation, which requires special treatment.This thesis is divided into two parts.The first part is divided into two chapters and is devoted to the study of problems with L^1 data and Neumann-type boundary conditions. To deal with these problems, and with data that are not very regular, we use the framework of renormalized solutions.In the first chapter, we establish a convergence result for solutions approximated by the finite volume method to the unique renormalized solution with zero median in the case of an elliptic convection-diffusion equation. In the second chapter, we focus on a non-linear parabolic problem with non-homogeneous Neumann conditions and a convection term. For this problem, we provide a definition of a renormalized solution and we show the existence and uniqueness of such a solution.The second part is devoted to the study of the system in dimensions 2 and 3. The first chapter deals with the dimension 2 and defines the notion of weak--renormalized solutions. With the help of the existence and stability results established in the first part for the conservation of energy equation, we prove the existence of a weak--renormalized solution.The final chapter considers the trickier case of dimension 3. The absence of a general stability and uniqueness result for the 3-dimensional Navier-Sokes equation requires us to transform the system into a formally equivalent one. By approximation and passage to the limit, we prove the existence of a solution in a weak sense