Academic literature on the topic 'Méthode d'extinction'
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Journal articles on the topic "Méthode d'extinction":
Diallo, Dame, Papa Ibnou Ndiaye, Landing Badji, Kristine Micheletti, Boubacar Diallo, and Jill D. Pruetz. "Nesting behavior of the savanna chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) in the non-protected area of Bantankiline (Kedougou, Senegal)." Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, 2022, 84–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/0037-9565.10926.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Méthode d'extinction":
Faure, Sophie. "Etude de l'interaction rayonnement-matière dans un milieu granulaire en vue de l'application au procédé de frittage laser." Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/dd614d41-80d1-42ca-83c4-de36ea4d429c/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0045.pdf.
The aim of this work is to understand the thermo-radiative mechanisms in the laser sintering process in solid phase. The study is about the interaction between the radiation of a Nd-YAG laser and transparent materials at 1,064 µm, like alumina and a glass, particularly the absorption and the reflection of the radiation by the powder. An absorbing element towards 1µm, such as iron, is added to the glass by doping and to alumina by mixture or coating. Two complementary approaches are carried out : an experimental one, on powders with an integrating sphere and on homogeneous materials with the same composition, in the case of glasses, in order to obtain their indexes of refraction n and extinction κ; a numerical one, using a simulation by the Monte-Carlo method and a model with n flows. With this simulation, the influence of various parameters is studied and the energy absorbed in each grain can be calculated. Thermal aspect is also taken into account
Radhouani, Mohamed Sassi. "Analyse du transfert radiatif dans des milieux poreux semi-transparents gris à l'aide de la méthode de développement en mode normal : application au chauffage des gaz et a la détermination expérimentale des coefficients d'extinction." Perpignan, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PERP0005.
Rivière, Annise. "Granulométrie d'un liquide dispersé par explosif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EMAC0003.
As part of its studies on detonation, the CEA at Gramat is interested in the dispersion of liquids in air, with high speed/energy constraints and multi-scale aspects. Measuring the particle size of the dispersed liquid is attracting a great deal of interest, but is proving complex because no commercial solution can be used under these particular conditions. However, under these conditions and given the impossibility of using laser sources in a pyrotechnic environment, no commercial solution is available. For this thesis, a new granulometry identification method was developed, based on a measurement known as "extinction", which is particularly easy to deploy and robust in harsh environments. This is a multispectral approach (measurement with cameras or a spectrometer) using a regularised inversion method in the sense of Tikhonov, based on the measure of spectral transmissions and which makes it possible to reconstruct the granulometry of the latter a posteriori using the Beer-Lambert law combined with the Mie model. Given the complexity of the phenomena involved in using explosives for dispersion, the method developed was tested on liquid dispersions reproduced on a small scale on sprays. The general method was developed by exploiting spectral information from controlled water sprays confined in an enclosure placed in a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (high resolution). However, as this equipment is poorly suited to field conditions, the measurement method was downgraded by using cameras that allow "low resolution" but faster measurements. The use of an infrared camera operating in the 2-5 µm spectral band with spectral filters and a flat black body was therefore tested to monitor changes in spray particle size as a function of time. This method was subsequently applied to water dispersions using explosives, with promising results. The complete measurement and analysis process was therefore validated at each stage of the study
Caumont-Prim, Chloé. "Détermination de la distribution de taille des nanoparticules de suie par analyse du spectre d'extinction et de diffusion angulaire de la lumière." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800137.
Trévisan, Nicolas. "Étude expérimentale et numérique des interactions entre dispositifs d'évacuation naturelle de fumées et de chaleur et systèmes d'extinction automatique à eau." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0093/document.
This work is devoted to the study of interactions between smoke and heat exhaust ventilation systems (SHEAVS) and automatic fire sprinklers. Two real scales experimentation campaigns involving sprinklers and SHEAVS have been carried out in fire test facilities at CNPP (France). A total of 98 instrumented tests have been conducted with various fuel type, experimental configuration and activation time of both systems. Collected datas include smoke free layer height, temperature field and automatic sprinkler activation time. These results are used to build a database in order to create a validation case for the software Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Numerical simulations of several tests are conducted using experimental data as input parameters. Results are then confronted to measurements. A good agreement between these results allows us to use FDS in order to realize mass and energy balances for various scenarios. Using knowledge acquired during both campaigns, numerical simulations of fire scenarios in two actual facilities have been conducted. For both configuration, various SHEAVS activation time have been tested and results (temperature levels, time and number of activated sprinklers, heat and mass transfer) have been confronted
Hautphenne, Sophie. "An algorithmic look at phase-controlled branching processes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210255.
Our objective is to develop numerical methods to answer several questions about Markovian binary trees. The issue of the extinction probability is the main question addressed in the thesis. We first assume independence between individuals. In this case, the extinction probability is the minimal nonnegative solution of a matrix fixed point equation which can generally not be solved analytically. In order to solve this equation, we develop a linear algorithm based on functional iterations, and a quadratic algorithm, based on Newton's method, and we give their probabilistic interpretation in terms of the tree.
Next, we look at some transient features for a Markovian binary tree: the distribution of the population size at any given time, of the time until extinction and of the total progeny. These distributions are obtained using the Kolmogorov and the renewal approaches.
We illustrate the results mentioned above through an example where the Markovian binary tree serves as a model for female families in different countries, for which we use real data provided by the World Health Organization website.
Finally, we analyze the case where Markovian binary trees evolve under the external influence of a random environment or a catastrophe process. In this case, individuals do not behave independently of each other anymore, and the extinction probability may no longer be expressed as the solution of a fixed point equation, which makes the analysis more complicated. We approach the extinction probability, through the study of the population size distribution, by purely numerical methods of resolution of partial differential equations, and also by probabilistic methods imposing constraints on the external process or on the maximal population size.
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Les processus de branchements sont des processus stochastiques décrivant l'évolution de populations d'individus qui se reproduisent et meurent indépendamment les uns des autres, suivant des lois de probabilités spécifiques.
Nous considérons une classe particulière de processus de branchement, appelés arbres binaires Markoviens, dans lesquels la vie d'un individu et ses instants de reproduction sont contrôlés par un MAP. Notre objectif est de développer des méthodes numériques pour répondre à plusieurs questions à propos des arbres binaires Markoviens.
La question de la probabilité d'extinction d'un arbre binaire Markovien est la principale abordée dans la thèse. Nous faisons tout d'abord l'hypothèse d'indépendance entre individus. Dans ce cas, la probabilité d'extinction s'exprime comme la solution minimale non négative d'une équation de point fixe matricielle, qui ne peut être résolue analytiquement. Afin de résoudre cette équation, nous développons un algorithme linéaire, basé sur l'itération fonctionnelle, ainsi que des algorithmes quadratiques, basés sur la méthode de Newton, et nous donnons leur interprétation probabiliste en termes de l'arbre que l'on étudie.
Nous nous intéressons ensuite à certaines caractéristiques transitoires d'un arbre binaire Markovien: la distribution de la taille de la population à un instant donné, celle du temps jusqu'à l'extinction du processus et celle de la descendance totale. Ces distributions sont obtenues en utilisant l'approche de Kolmogorov ainsi que l'approche de renouvellement.
Nous illustrons les résultats mentionnés plus haut au travers d'un exemple où l'arbre binaire Markovien sert de modèle pour des populations féminines dans différents pays, et pour lesquelles nous utilisons des données réelles fournies par la World Health Organization.
Enfin, nous analysons le cas où les arbres binaires Markoviens évoluent sous une influence extérieure aléatoire, comme un environnement Markovien aléatoire ou un processus de catastrophes. Dans ce cas, les individus ne se comportent plus indépendamment les uns des autres, et la probabilité d'extinction ne peut plus s'exprimer comme la solution d'une équation de point fixe, ce qui rend l'analyse plus compliquée. Nous approchons la probabilité d'extinction au travers de l'étude de la distribution de la taille de la population, à la fois par des méthodes purement numériques de résolution d'équations aux dérivées partielles, ainsi que par des méthodes probabilistes en imposant des contraintes sur le processus extérieur ou sur la taille maximale de la population.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Nassif, Moussa Daou David. "Caractérisation des aérosols par inversion des données combinées des photomètres et lidars au sol." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6058.