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Academic literature on the topic 'Méthode d'évaluation d'impacts'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Méthode d'évaluation d'impacts"
Pruvot, Fanny. "Apport d’un référentiel d’indicateurs d’impacts territoriaux pour favoriser la mise en réseau des espaces d’innovation et proposition de scénarios." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0093.
Full textCurrent environmental and societal challenges demand an innovative and interdisciplinary approach. Innovation Labs (ILs) play a crucial role in combining forces for territorial transitions. The rapid growth of ILs raises significant challenges in terms of sustainability and added value, often difficult to grasp due to their dispersion and duplication. Their recent emergence generates numerous administrative, legal, and financial management difficulties. However, their diversity, in terms of actors, contexts, approaches, objectives, skills, and experimental grounds, offers considerable potential to foster interactions and collaborations among varied expertise, thereby promoting multidisciplinary innovation. They enable the development of replicable approaches in other territories. This thesis aims to demonstrate that establishing a network of ILs can facilitate their activities by pooling certain activities and exploiting their complementarities. The objective is also to highlight their potential to promote sustainable and resilient territorial development. To achieve this, three literature reviews were conducted (on ILs, inter- organizational networks, and territorial dynamics) to identify proven methodologies and approaches, as well as barriers to overcome. The lack of operational tools to facilitate the creation of a network of "atypical" organizations and impact assessment led to the proposal of a specific approach to network ILs and evaluate impacts on the territory. This approach aims to create optimal operating conditions for ILs, relying on operational tools developed through the "Design Based Research" approach. This includes an analysis of the context and functioning of ILs, as well as their impacts on territorial development. Furthermore, mechanisms for animating and monitoring the dynamics implemented are also proposed. An impact assessment method, based on a portfolio of indicators and a stakeholder-involved selection process, verifies the effectiveness of our proposals on the network's evolution and impacts. These contributions have been tested in two projects: the first led by the "DHDA" association, which facilitates the creation of a network of ILs of various typologies serving the forest/wood ecosystem, and the second led by the University of Lorraine "SIRIUS," which aims to develop a network of ILs with rather similar typologies to foster an innovation dynamic between academic and civil society. These experiments allowed for testing and improving them. The main contributions of this thesis are threefold: a networking approach, an operational toolbox, and an impact assessment process
Claudet, Joachim. "Aires marines protégées et récifs artificiels : méthodes d'évaluation, protocoles expérimentaux et indicateurs." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0736.
Full textMarine Protected Areas’ (MPAs) and Artificial Reef’s (ARs) management requires complex assessment and monitoring programmes, dealing with different sources of variability. We studied and developed experimental designs and analysis methods suited for the establishment of a monitoring of MPAs and ARs. This methodology is developed from existing data sets in the Northwestern Mediterranean. We build multi-criteria indicators allowing a statistically testable diagnosis of the impact of MPAs and ARs on reef fish assemblages. Using ecological performance indicators permits to monitor and to give an image of the assessed system to managers. It was possible to show the global response of the fish assemblages to the protection by a MPA. This response was evidenced by increases in abundance, species richness or diversity, gradually through space, time and among various taxonomic groups or fish individual sizes. Large fishes reacted faster to protection and shallow habitats were more sensitive to the existence of a MPA. Our results can be useful for the implementation of new MPAs or for the immersions of ARs and for the development of their management plans. Key-words : Marines Protected Areas, Artificial Reefs, Impact Assessment, Temperate Fish, Indicators, Multivariate, Habitat, Monitoring, Statistical Power, Northwestern Mediterranean, Management
Mandallena, Céline. "Elaboration et application d'une méthode d'évaluation et d'amélioration de la qualité environnementale de bâtiments tertiaires en exploitation." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13207.
Full textDelarue, Jocelyne. "Mise au point d'une méthode d'évaluation systémique d'impact des projets de développement agricole sur le revenu des producteurs : Etude de cas en région kpèlè (République de Guinée)." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00772023.
Full textL'évaluation systémique d'impact est appliquée à deux grands types de projets en Guinée forestière : les projets d'aménagements de bas-fonds et un projet agro-industriel de plantations de palmiers à huile et d'hévéas. Ces deux études de cas démontrent notamment l'importance de ne pas se contenter de rechercher un impact moyen sur les ménages : l'existence d'impacts fortement différenciés par système de production est l'une des principales conclusions de cette thèse.
Delarue, Jocelyne. "Mise au point d'une méthode d'évaluation systémique d'impact des projets de développement agricole sur le revenu des producteurs : Etude de cas en région kpèlè (République de Guinée)." Phd thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGPT0016.
Full textToday, impact evaluation of development projects is dominated by quantitative methods, both experimental and quasi-experimental. Yet, they are difficult to apply to agricultural development projects, and do not allow for quantification of the impact over the useful life of the project realisations. This thesis proposes a new method, the systemic impact evaluation. It enables us to understand both the process through which impact materializes and to rigorously quantify the impact of agricultural development projects on the producers’ income. The analysis is notably based on the comprehension of the agrarian dynamics and the farmers’ strategies, and permits the quantification of ex-post impact but also to devise a model of ex- ante evolution for the following years. The systemic impact evaluation is applied to two major types of development projects in the forest region of Guinea: inland valley development projects and the oil-palm and rubber tree plantation project. These two case studies notably prove the importance of going beyond a mean impact on households: the existence of highly differentiated impacts by farming system is one of the main conclusions of this thesis
Mbaye, Samba. "Nouvelles méthodes d'analyse du bien-être et moyens d'évaluation des programmes de lutte contre la pauvreté en milieu rural sénégalais." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00484892.
Full textKoné, Noukignon. "L'accès des ménages abidjanais aux services de collecte des déchets : 3 essais d'évaluation des bénéfices." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR097.
Full textThe increase in amount of household wastes in Abidjan is an enormous strain on the environment and on the health of local populations.Support from international institutions such as the World Bank and the presence of many actors (State, international institutions and local actors) have not prevented the persistence of the waste management problem in Abidjan. In this thesis, we analyse the conditions and implications of households for improved waste collection service in Abidjan. For this, we conducted a contingent valuation survey (willingness to pay). By using a discrete choice (probit) model, we were able to highlight the link between household characteristics and their willingness to participate in improved waste management. We have demonstrated a link between access to waste collection services and improved latrines. This result is in line with the SDGs, which advocate integrated sanitation management.At first, the determinants of the demand turned out for an informal service were identified. The wealth index, the gender, the duration of storage of the garbage, the fact that the household considers the diseases as being the major problem bound to waste, are the factors which explain the recourse to a service of pre-collection of their garbage. Besides, this recourse generates, according to the results of the modelling, quantifiable socioeconomic profits in terms of socioeconomic and human development in the first hand and on the other hand, in terms of solutions of financing of the sector by the implementation of an incentive tax. Finally, by using the hedonic price method, which applied to our survey data, we identified a positive relationship between the basic attachments of a dwelling such as access to water, electricity and latrines and the price of rents. On the other hand, the low quality of the current garbage collection service would explain its no-influence on the rental price of housing
Nguyen, Phuoc Quy An. "Méthodologie d'évaluation des impacts des eaux usées sur les zones côtières : Application au site de Danang, Vietnam." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4036.
Full textWith the increasing industrial development and significant population growth worldwide, the coastal areas have received many pollutants from wastewater. Pollutants include wastewater from the drainage system, treatment plants, and industrial activities. Their influences seriously affect and damage water quality. In developing and developing countries, the impacts of wastewater on the coastal area are more serious due to many sources directly discharging on the coastal areas. At the same time, the local population and decision-makers are not aware of the consequences of the coastal environment. In this context, assessment actions must be developed and implemented with the relevant approaches that can deal with limited field data sets. The use of modelling tools can allow simulating the various wastewater sources and their effects on the coastal areas. The simulation results have significant educational value and can be used to raise awareness of the public and decision-makers. This research is focusing on developing an assessment methodology of wastewater sources on coastal water quality. The approach is applied to Danang City (Vietnam). Danang City is the third-largest city of Vietnam with a 74 km-long coastline and many major touristic development projects along the shoreline. Some sources of wastewater directly discharge into the Danang City coastal area. Following the development of a modelling tool based on hydrodynamic and water quality simulations. This research proposes seven scenarios to assess the effects of wastewater on the coastal area of Danang City. Scenario 1 simulates the effect of wastewater from the drainage system of North-West and South-East areas. Scenario 2 simulates the impact of the first flush phenomenon from South-East and North-West areas. Scenario 3 suggests three sub-scenarios of wastewater diffusion from the outlet of the WWTPs. Scenario 4 keeps the same direction of the observed wind but changes its speed to simulate the dispersion of pollutants on the coast. Scenario 5 simulates with direct discharge into the sea of 43 outlets along the coast, which may achieve directly to the sea when following conditions occur: heavy rain, power outage, wastewater overpassing the capacity of the treatment plant. Scenario 6 proposes three sub-scenarios of changing a flow-directed wall at the outlet of the Phu Loc Channel. Scenario 7 simulates when moving the outlet of Phu Loc channel far from the coastline. The proposed modelling approach is based on a combination of modelling tools dedicated to simulating pollutants associated with urban runoff, wastewater sources, and dispersion within the marine environment. One hydrodynamic model - Mike Urban model with MOUSE engine - calculates the flow discharge of wastewater at the outlets of the sewage network for North-West and South-East areas of Danang City. A water quality model - MOUSE TRAP, based on the MOUSE package - is used to calculate the concentration of pollutants during the first flush phenomenon. The water quality model is used to analyse the sensitivity of contaminants in the first flush phenomenon. In order to assess the impact within the coastal area, the various sources are injected within a 2D hydrodynamic model covering the full coastal region and the water quality evolution is simulated. In the approach, the Mike 21 FM 2D hydrodynamics model is coupled to a water quality model - Mike 21 FM ECOLab - to simulate the water quality and to identify the diffusion of NH4+ and PO43- on the coast of Danang. The domain is set up over an area of about 5,000 km2 (70 x 70 km). The results show the feasibility of the modelling approach for the assessment of the coastal area water quality by coupling the urban model and the coastal model. The method implemented in Danang is used to model the spatial distribution of pollutants within the coastal area and to assess impacts