Relevant bibliographies by topics / Method of imaginary sources

Academic literature on the topic 'Method of imaginary sources'

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Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Method of imaginary sources"

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Sun, Chao, and Yuechan Liu. "Spherical Reverse Beamforming for Sound Source Localization Based on the Inverse Method." Sensors 19, no. 11 (June 9, 2019): 2618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19112618.

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A spherical array is not limited to providing an acoustic map in all directions by the azimuth of the array. In this paper, spherical reverse beamforming for sound source localization based on spherical harmonic beamforming and the principle of sound field reconstruction is proposed in order to output a sharper scanning beam. It is assumed that there is an imaginary sound source at each scan point, and the acoustic map of a spherical array to the actual sound source is regarded as the combination of all of the imaginary sound sources. Sound source localization can be realized by calculating the contribution of each imaginary sound source to the sound field. Also in this work, the non-convex constrained optimization problem is established using p-norm. Combined with the norm method, the sparse solution of the imaginary sources is obtained through iterative weighted techniques, and the resolution of sound source localization is improved significantly. The performance of this method is investigated in comparison to conventional spherical beamforming. The numerical results show that the proposed method can achieve higher resolution for the localization of sound sources without being limited by the frequency and array aperture, and has a stronger ability to suppress fluctuations in background noise.
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Shahbazi Avarvand, Forooz, Arne Ewald, and Guido Nolte. "Localizing True Brain Interactions from EEG and MEG Data with Subspace Methods and Modified Beamformers." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/402341.

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To address the problem of mixing in EEG or MEG connectivity analysis we exploit that noninteracting brain sources do not contribute systematically to the imaginary part of the cross-spectrum. Firstly, we propose to apply the existing subspace method “RAP-MUSIC” to the subspace found from the dominant singular vectors of the imaginary part of the cross-spectrum rather than to the conventionally used covariance matrix. Secondly, to estimate the specific sources interacting with each other, we use a modified LCMV-beamformer approach in which the source direction for each voxel was determined by maximizing the imaginary coherence with respect to a given reference. These two methods are applicable in this form only if the number of interacting sources is even, because odd-dimensional subspaces collapse to even-dimensional ones. Simulations show that (a) RAP-MUSIC based on the imaginary part of the cross-spectrum accurately finds the correct source locations, that (b) conventional RAP-MUSIC fails to do so since it is highly influenced by noninteracting sources, and that (c) the second method correctly identifies those sources which are interacting with the reference. The methods are also applied to real data for a motor paradigm, resulting in the localization of four interacting sources presumably in sensory-motor areas.
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Petrov, Yu V., S. I. Bakaras, and S. A. Yukhno. "DETERMINATION OF RADIO SOURCES LOCATION BY THE METHOD OF "IMAGINARY BASE" WHEN USING THE LINEAR MODEL." Issues of radio electronics, no. 7 (July 20, 2018): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2018-7-124-130.

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This article presents the expressions which allow evaluating the potential accuracy of radio source location by the method of «imaginary base» when using the linear model of changing the bearing on it. The concept of the method of «imaginary base» is to be used in solving the triangulation problem not only of measuring bearing, but also their extrapolated values at a certain time interval. Potential characteristics is determined by accuracy, dynamic and geometrical factors, bearing measurement and extrapolation times. The article shows that when using a linear model, there are limitations both on the time of measuring bearing and on the time of extrapolation. It will be because of the increase in the variance of the error of estimating the distance. Limiting of series decomposition members number of non-linear bearing change dependence from time there are. It depends on the speed of changing bearing (depends on the range and speed) and the initial bearing (depends on the track angle). Extrapolation over long time intervals is possible only at long distances and at relatively low speeds.
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Pereira da Silva, Valéria Cristina. "Venise des deux côtés du miroir : Imaginaire et identité entre l’amour et la mort." Caietele Echinox 40 (June 28, 2021): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/cechinox.2021.40.21.

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"Venice, deeply imaginary and symbolic, is in various cultural documents, like books, paintings, cinema, music, photography and other arts. In this research, we use the literary and the poetic narrative as privileged sources for understanding the imaginary and the identity of this city, closely connected with love and with death too. This investigation uses as a method Gaston Bachelard’s phenomenology defined in The Poetics of Space and the symbolical imaginary described in relation to the material imagination in Water and Dreams. Venice is a city on water and its identity is closely associated with love, as one mirror side, and with death or even hell, as the other mirror side."
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Kleschev, A. "Sound diffraction on an elastic spheroidal shell." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre 3, no. 397 (August 6, 2021): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-3-397-97-114.

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Object and purpose of research. This paper obtains solutions and performs estimations of characteristics of sound reflection and scattering by ideal and elastic bodies of various shapes (analytical and non-analytical) near media interface, or underwater sonic channel, or in a planar waveguide with a solid elastic bottom. Materials and methods. The harmonic signals are investigated with the method of normal waves based on the phase velocity of signal propagation, and impulse signals related to the energy transfer are studied using the method of real and imaginary sources and scatterers based on the group velocity of propagation. Main results. The scattered sound field is calculated for ideal spheroids (elongated and compressed) at fluid – ideal medium interface. The spectrum of a scattered impulse signal is calculated for a body placed in a sonic channel. First reflected impulses are found for an ideal spheroid in a planar waveguide with anisotropic bottom. Conclusion. In the studies of diffraction characteristics of bodies at media interfaces it was found that the main contribution to scattered field is given by interference of scattered fields rather than interaction of scatterers (real or imaginary). It is shown that at long distances the spectral characteristics of the channel itself have a prevalent role. When impulse sound signals in the planar waveguide are used, it is necessary to apply the method of real and imaginary sources and scatterers based on the group velocity of sound propagation.
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Kleshchev, Alexander. "Diffraction of Pulsed Sound Signals by Elastic Bodies of Analytical and Non-analytical Forms, Put in Plane Waveguide." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 70, no. 6 (June 1, 2015): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2015-0062.

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AbstractWith the help of the Fourier transform and imaginary sources and scatterers method the problem of the pulse sound signal scattering by the elastic spheroidal bodies put in the plane waveguide is solved. Based on the integral method equations the problem of the pulse sound signal diffraction at elastic body of the nonanalytical form in the plane waveguide is solved.
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Weaver, R. L., W. Sachse, and Kwang Yul Kim. "Transient Elastic Waves in a Transversely Isotropic Plate." Journal of Applied Mechanics 63, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2788870.

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The elastodynamic response of a thick plate, with the axis of transverse isotropy normal to the plate surface, is calculated by double numerical inverse transforms, a method particularly well-suited for calculations of responses in the near field of layered structures. Applications of these calculations include point-source/point-receiver ultrasonics, quantitative acoustic emission measurements, and seismology. The singularities of the integrand are eliminated by the introduction of a small, but nonzero, imaginary part to the frequency. We discuss issues of numerical efficiency and accuracy in the evaluation of the resulting integrals. The method can be generalized to calculate the responses in materials of more general symmetry, in viscoelastic materials and to include the effects of finite aperture sources and receivers. The calculated responses are compared to those measured in a single crystal specimen of zinc.
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Rejer, Izabela. "EEG Feature Selection for BCI Based on Motor Imaginary Task." Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences 37, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10209-011-0016-7.

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AbstractThe greatest problem met when a Brain Computer Interface (BCI) based on electroencephalographic (EEG) signals is to be created is a huge dimensionality of EEG feature space and at the same time very limited number of possible observations. The first is a result of a huge amount of data which can be recorded during the single trial, the latter - the result of individuality of EEG signals, which can significantly differ in different frequency bands determined for different subjects. These two reasons force the brain researches to reduce the huge EEG feature space to only some features, those which allow to build a BCI of a satisfactory accuracy. The paper presents the comparison of two methods of feature selection - blind source separation (BSS) method and method using interpretable features. The comparison was carried out with the data set recorded during EEG session with a subject whose task was to imagine movements of right and left hand.
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Song, Zhong‐Min, and Paul R. Williamson. "Frequency‐domain acoustic‐wave modeling and inversion of crosshole data: Part I—2.5-D modeling method." GEOPHYSICS 60, no. 3 (May 1995): 784–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443817.

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Crosshole experiments usually have sources and receivers confined to a plane, and it is assumed that there is negligible variation in the properties of the medium normal to this plane. Therefore, the problem appears two‐dimensional, except for the sources which are 3-D points rather than lines. This configuration is denoted as two‐and‐one‐half‐dimensional. We present a frequency‐domain approach to modeling acoustic wave propagation in such situations which allows correct treatment of point sources but takes advantage of the assumed 2-D nature of the medium to avoid full 3-D simulations. The approach uses a Fourier transform with respect to the out‐of‐plane coordinate to reduce the problem of modeling in 3-D to repeatedly solving a 2-D equation, which we accomplish using finite differences. The discrete inverse Fourier transform from the out‐of‐plane wavenumber implies the existence of an infinite number of spurious “ghost sources” spaced periodically in the out‐of‐plane direction. These sources generate significant artifacts on the time‐domain traces, even when their spatial period is much greater than the (in‐plane) dimensions of the survey area, because of time‐wrapping in the transform from the frequency domain. We describe two methods for reducing these artefacts, the more effective of which entails exponential damping by adding a positive imaginary part to the frequency, compensated by ramping of the wrapped time domain records. We check the modeling scheme by analysis of direct and scattered arrivals from simple models. The observed seismograms agree well with those calculated using Born theory, and so confirm the potential of this modeling method for use in inversion.
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Chen, Hanbo, Bin Xiong, Yang Yang, Yu Han, and Ziyu Cheng. "3D marine controlled-source electromagnetic modeling using an edge-based finite element method with a block Krylov iterative solver." Open Geosciences 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0366.

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Abstract An edge-based finite element method for the numerical modeling of electromagnetic fields in complex media is presented. We used the analytical solution on an electric field in a homogeneous half space to develop a source correct factor to reduce the influence of source singularity and boundary conditions on the numerical accuracy, so that we can minimize the time required to construct the field source term in the scattered field formula. The modeling domain was discretized using an unstructured tetrahedral mesh. We transformed the complex equations of the electrical field into two real-valued equations by decomposing the field into real and imaginary components. Thereafter, we adopted a block conjugate orthogonal conjugate gradient (BL_COCR) iterative solver with an incomplete LU decomposition preconditioner, which was robust for ill-conditioned systems and efficient for multiple source electromagnetic modeling to solve the real-valued equation systems. Using the analytical solution on an electric field in a homogeneous layer model, we evaluated the accuracy of our numerical forward solution and the results showed that the source correct factor can reduce forward modeling errors associated with boundary effects and source singularities. We also applied the developed algorithm to compute the CSEM responses for typical 3D marine geo-electric models with different number of sources and compared with different iterative solvers, and the results showed that the BL_COCR solver has high computational efficiency when solving multiple right-hand term problems.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Method of imaginary sources"

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Дудко, Андрій Володимирович. "Модуль генерації гідроакустичного сигналу в плоско-паралельному хвилеводі." Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/28408.

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Метою дипломної роботи є створення програмного продукту для генерації гідроакустичного сигналу в плоско-паралельному хвилеводі променевим методом. Об’єктом дослідження є способи та алгоритми моделювання сигналів. Було виконано огляд існуючих програмних застосунків для моделювання сигналів та ознайомитися із проблемами моделювання гідроакустичних сигналів, розроблено програмний продукт для генерації гідроакустичних сигналів, який реалізовано методом уявних джерел для розрахунку поля тиску в плоско-паралельному хвилеводі, даний метод відноситься до променевих моделей. Створена програмний продукт може бути використаний, як частина системи для моделювання гідроакустичних об’єктів та для наукових досліджень. Загальний обсяг роботи: 67 сторінок, 19 ілюстрацій, 17 бібліографічних посилань та 3 додатки.
The purpose of the thesis is to create a program product for generating a hydroacoustic signal in a plane-parallel waveguide beam method. The objects of research are the methods and algorithms of signal simulation. An overview of the existing software applications for simulation of signals and the problems of modeling of hydroacoustic signals was performed, the program software of generation hydroacoustic signals, implemented by the imaginary sources for calculating the field of pressure in a plane-parallel waveguide, was implemented, this method belongs to beam models. The created program product can be used as part of the system for modeling hydroacoustic objects and for scientific research. Total volume of work: 67 pages, 19 illustrations, 17 bibliographic references and 3 attachments.
Целью дипломной работы является создание программного продукта для генерации гидроакустических сигналов в плоско-параллельном волноводе лучевым методом. Объектом исследования являются способы и алгоритмы моделирования сигналов. Было выполнено обзор существующих программных приложений для моделирования сигналов и ознакомиться с проблемами моделирования гидроакустических сигналов, разработано программный продукт для генерации гидроакустических сигналов, который реализован методом мнимых источников для расчета поля давления в плоско-параллельном волноводе, данный метод относится к лучевым моделям. Созданная программа может быть использована как часть системы для моделирования гидроакустических объектов и для научных исследований.
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Velde, Antoine van de. "A multidimensional boundary sources method." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212674.

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Falk, Sofia. "May the algorithm be with you : En mixed method studie om Instagrams personliga algoritmer." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-156939.

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Det sociala mediet Instagram är en applikation där människor världen runt kan dela med sig av resor, måltider och den nya familjemedlemmens ankomst. Genom att kommentera, gilla, arkivera och utforska kan användaren hålla sig uppdaterad dygnet runt. När Instagram i mars 2016 meddelade att de skulle införa algoritmer, vilka profilerar och kartlägger användare, ändrades rangordningen på inläggen i användarnas flöde. Vem som nu får se vad, när och hur styrs av dessa osynliga matematiska formler. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur svenska Instagramanvändare i åldern 15-40 år upplever dessa personliga algoritmer och huruvida dessa har en inverkan på hur de använder sig av applikationen. Då Instagram är tätt förknippat med att visa upp sig själv ser jag det även intressant att undersöka vilken roll algoritmerna har för individernas syn på sig själva. Genom mixed methods kommer både en enkät och kvalitativa intervjuer att utföras för att få en genomgripande förståelse för fenomenet på flera plan. Den kvantitativa delen ämnar att skapa en mer generell uppfattning hur individerna upplever algoritmerna och hur deras användning ser ut. Detta medan den kvalitativa delen är till för att fördjupa förståelsen för relationen mellan individerna och algoritmerna. Med hjälp av teorier rörande synlighet, algoritmer och identitet är målet att få en djupare förståelse för detta tämligen nya fenomen. Analysens resultat visar att medvetenheten är måttlig och kunskapen om algoritmerna är relativt begränsad. Det finns en tydlig skillnad mellan de som har skapat egna teorier om hur algoritmerna fungerar och de som är helt omedvetna. Vidare var det tydligt att algoritmerna hade en inverkan - både medvetet och omedvetet - på individerna vad gällde olika strategier för att bättre synas och få likes. Slutligen visade det sig att de personliga algoritmerna spelar en jämförelsevis stor roll för individernas syn på sig själva i termer av validitet och reflektion.
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Koligliatis, Thanos. "A scattering method for bone density measurements with polychromatic sources." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283964.

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Drira, Achraf. "Geoacoustic inversion : improvement and extension of the sources image method." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0089/document.

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Ce travail de thèse propose d’analyser les signaux issus d’une source omnidirectionnelle sphérique réfléchis par un milieu sédimentaire stratifié et enregistré par une antenne d’hydrophones, en vue de caractériser quantitativement les sédiments marins aux moyennes fréquences, i.e. comprises entre 1 et 10 kHz. La recherche développée dans ce manuscrit propose une méthodologie facilitant la recherche des paramètres géoacoustiques du milieu avec la méthode des sources images, ainsi qu’un ensemble de solutions techniques appropriées afin d’améliorer cette méthode d’inversion récemment développée. La méthode des sources images repose sur une modélisation physique de la réflexion des ondes émises par une source sur un milieu stratifié sous l’approximation de Born. Par conséquent, la réflexion de l’onde sur le milieu stratifié peut être représentée par une collection de sources images, symétriques de la source réelle par rapport aux interfaces, dont les positions spatiales sont liées à la vitesse des ondes acoustiques et aux épaisseurs des couches. L’étude se décline en deux volets : traitements des signaux et inversion des paramètres géoacoustiques. La première partie du travail est focalisée sur le développement de la méthode des sources images. La méthode originelle se basait sur la construction de cartes de migration et de semblance de signaux pour déterminer les paramètres d’entrée de l’algorithme d’inversion qui sont des temps de trajet et des angles d’arrivée. Afin d’éviter cette étape, nous détectons les temps d’arrivée avec l’opérateur d’énergie de Teager-Kaiser (TKEO) et nous trouvons les angles par une méthode de triangulation. Le modèle d’inversion a été ensuite intégré en prenant en compte la possibilité de déformation de l’antenne. Cette partie se termine par une nouvelle approche qui combine TKEO et des méthodes temps fréquence afin d’avoir une bonne détection du temps d’arrivée dans le cas de signaux fortement bruités. Sur le plan du modèle et de l’inversion géoacoustique, nous proposons tout d’abord une description précise du modèle direct en introduisant le concept de sources images virtuelles. Cette étape permet de mieux comprendre l’approche développée. Ensuite, nous proposons une extension de la méthode des sources image pour l’inversion de paramètres géoacoustiques supplémentaires : la densité, l’atténuation et la vitesse des ondes de cisaillement. Cette extension est basée sur les résultats de l’inversion originelle (estimation du nombre de strates, de leur épaisseur, et de la vitesse des ondes de compression) ainsi que sur l’utilisation de l’amplitude des signaux réfléchis. Ces améliorations et extensions de la méthode des sources images sont illustrées par leur application sur des signaux synthétiques et des signaux réels issus d’expérimentations en cuve et à la mer. Les résultats obtenus sont très satisfaisants, tant au niveau des performances de calcul que de la qualité des estimations fournies
This thesis aims at analyzing the signals emitted from a spherical omnidirectional source reflected by a stratified sedimentary environment and recorded by a hydrophone array in order to characterize quantitatively the marine sediments at medium frequencies, i.e. between 1 and 10 kHz. The research developed in this manuscript provides a methodology to facilitate the estimation of medium geoacoustic parameters with the image source method, and some appropriate technical solutions to improve this recently developed inversion method. The image source method is based on a physical modeling of the wave reflection emitted from a source by a stratified medium under the Born approximation. As result, the reflection of the wave on the layered medium can be represented by a set of image sources, symmetrical to the real source with respect to the interfaces, whose spatial positions are related to the sound speeds and the thicknesses of the layers. The study consists of two parts : signal processing and inversion of geoacoustic parameters. The first part of the work is focused on the development of the image source method. The original method was based on migration and semblance maps of the recorded signals to determine the input parameters of the inversion algorithm which are travel times and arrival angles. To avoid this step, we propose to determine the travel times with the Teager-Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) and the arrival angles are estimate with a triangulation approach. The inversion model is then integrated, taking into account the possible deformation of the antenna. This part concludes with a new approach that combines TKEO and time-frequency representations in order to have a good estimation of the travel times in the case of noisy signals. For the modeling and geoacoustic inversion part, we propose first an accurate description of the forward model by introducing the concept of virtual image sources. This idea provides a deeper understanding of the developed approach. Then, we propose an extension of the image sources method to the estimation of supplementary geoacoustic parameters : the density, the absorption coefficient, and the shear wave sound speed. This extension is based on the results of the original inversion (estimation of the number of layers, their thicknesses, and the pressure sound speeds) and on the use of the amplitudes of the reflected signals. These improvements and extents of the image source method are illustrated by their applications on both synthetic and real signals, the latter coming from tank and at-sea measurements. The obtained results are very satisfactory, from a computational point of view as well as for the quality of the provided estimations
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Phung, Huong Thi Hoai. "Imaging of seismic and hum sources by time reversal method." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077169.

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Etudier et comprendre les tremblements de terre est le but de beaucoup de chercheurs. De nos jours, avec le développement de la FDSN (Fédération of Digital Seismometers Networks), les sismogrammes contenant à la fois de l'information sur la source sismique et sur l'effet de propagation (structure), sont enregistrés en permanence. On peut facilement localiser un tremblement de terre par les méthodes classiques en utilisant les sismogrammes. Néanmoins, pour avoir un résultat plus précis sur la source sismique (tenseur des moments, fonction temporelle de la source), on a besoin de résoudre le problème inverse. La méthode du Renversement Temporel a permis la mise au point de nombreuses applications en contrôle non destructif, diagnostic médical et domotique dans le domaine des ondes acoustiques. Elle permet aussi de localiser les tremblements de terre et les tremblements glaciaires dans le domaine des ondes sismiques. Dans ce travail de thèse, on présente des applications du principe de retournement temporel aux sources sismiques virtuelles. Ensuite, on montre la localisation en temps et en espace, ainsi que la reconstruction du mécanisme au foyer du tremblement de terre du Haiti le 12 janvier 2010 en appliquant la méthode du renversement temporel aux sismogrammes complets et "one-bit". Le niveau d'excitation du bourdonnement (seismic hum) de la Terre est bien observé. Cependant, son origine n'est pas encore claire. L'idée est d'essayer de localiser sa source. On suppose que sa source est peut-être localisée en espace mais pas en temps. Nous concluons que la source du "hum" n'est pas locale mais au moins régionale
Studies of earthquake sources is one of purpose of many scientists. Today, with the development of FDSN (Federation of Digital Seismometers Networks), the seismograms are continuously recorded. They provide information on seismic source and on propagation (related to earth structure) effect. We can easily locate an earthquake by applying the classical methods on seismograms. However, to have a more accurate result on seismic source (seismic moment tensor, source time function), we need to solve an inverse problem. Time-reversal (hereafter referred to as TR) method has been successfully applied for acoustic waves in many fields such as imaging, underwater acoustics, non destructive testing, and for seismic waves in seismic earthquake location, and glacial earthquake imaging. In this thesis , we present the application of TR method to synthetic seismograms due to virtual earthquakes. We show the focusing of January 12th 2010 Haiti earthquake in space and time and the reconstructed focal mechanism by applying the TR method to complete and one-bit seismograms. The level of oscillation of seismic "hum" is well observed. However, the spatial and temporal origin of "hum" is still uncertain, and the idea is to use the advantage focusing source of the TR method to locate it. We assume that this source may be located in space, not in time. We show that hum source is not local but might be distributed in a very large region
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Camargo, Hugo Elias. "A Frequency Domain Beamforming Method to Locate Moving Sound Sources." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27765.

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A new technique to de-Dopplerize microphone signals from moving sources of sound is derived. Currently available time domain de-Dopplerization techniques require oversampling and interpolation of the microphone time data. In contrast, the technique presented in this dissertation performs the de-Dopplerization entirely in the frequency domain eliminating the need for oversampling and interpolation of the microphone data. As a consequence, the new de-Dopplerization technique is computationally more efficient. The new de-Dopplerization technique is then implemented into a frequency domain beamforming algorithm to locate moving sources of sound. The mathematical formulation for the implementation of the new de-Dopplerization technique is presented for sources moving along a linear trajectory and for sources moving along a circular trajectory, i.e. rotating sources. The resulting frequency domain beamforming method to locate moving sound sources is then validated using numerical simulations for various source configurations (e.g. emission angle, emission frequency, and source velocity), and different processing parameters (e.g. time window length). Numerical datasets for sources with linear motion as well as for rotating sources were simulated. For comparison purposes, selected datasets were also processed using traditional time domain beamforming. The results from the numerical simulations show that the frequency domain beamforming method is at least 10 times faster than the traditional time domain beamforming method with the same performance. Furthermore, the results show that as the number of microphones and/or grid points increase, the processing time for the traditional time domain beamforming method increases at a rate 20 times larger than the rate of increase in processing time of the new frequency domain beamforming method.
Ph. D.
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Meegahawatte, Danushka Hansitha. "A design method for specifying power sources for hybrid power systems." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1215/.

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Many efforts have been made in recent years to address issues surrounding the use of fossil fuels for energy. However, it must be conceded that world’s dependence on fossil fuels cannot cease overnight. In reality, the switch is expected to be a relatively slow migration of technologies over many decades. During this transition period the world will need bridging technologies to aid in the transition to alternate energy sources. One such technology, which shows much promise in boosting energy efficiency while reducing emissions and costs, is the adoption of hybrid power systems. This thesis investigates the motives behind seeking alternate energy sources and discusses the future need to move away from fossil fuels and the likely role hybrid power systems will play in the future. A general outline of a hybrid power system is presented, and its key subsystems identified and discussed, paying attention to power generation, energy storage technologies and the performance of these systems. A novel method of specifying the power sources in bespoke hybrid power systems are presented. A custom software tool aimed at evaluating how different hardware configurations and output duty cycles affect the performance of a hybrid power system is then presented and used in several case studies to investigate the effectiveness of the presented method in specifying power sources for a given application. It was found that the hardware, output application and control strategy of a hybrid power system affects the overall performance of the system. Furthermore, if the output duty cycle of a hybrid power system is repetitive and predictable in nature, it was found that the hardware and control strategy of the system can be fine-tuned using simple techniques to optimise the overall system configuration and performance.
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Bécot, François-Xavier. "Tyre noise over impedance surfaces : efficient application of the equivalent sources method." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0036/these.pdf.

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Le but de ce travail est de comprendre et de contrôler les mécanismes de rayonnement du pneumatique, ceci en concevant des outils de prédiction efficients pour la propagation du bruit pneumatique / chaussée au dessus de surfaces d'impédances arbitraires. Le rayonnement du pneumatique est modélisé à l'aide de la méthode des Sources Equivalentes. Un modèle d'effets de sol dus à un plan d'impédance donnée est développé pour des sources de directivités arbitraire. Par ailleurs, la solution exacte du problème bi-dimensionel est présentée. Basé sur les deux outils de prédiction précédents, un modèle itératif est développé pour le rayonnement d'un pneumatique au-dessus de surfaces d'impédance arbitraire. A l'aide de ce nouvel outil, un étude paramétrique examine les tendances du rayonnement du pneumatique au-dessus de chaussées absorbantes. Le présent travail contribue à l'étude des possibilités de réduction du bruit du trafic, notamment en utilisant des chaussées dites silencieuses
The aim of the present work is to understand and to control the mechanisms of the tyre radiation, by designing efficient prediction tools for the propagation of the tyre / road noise over arbitrary impedance surfaces. Tyre radiation is modelled using the Equivalent Sources method. A model for the ground effects induced from a given impedance plane is developed for sources having arbitrary directivity. Moreover, the exact solution to the two-dimensional problem is derived. Based on the two previous prediction tools, an iterative model is developed for the tyre radiation over an arbitrary impedance surface. Using this model, a parametrical study examines the tendencies of tyre radiation over absorbing surfaces. The present work allows to study the possibilities of traffic noise reduction, particularly by the use of so-called silent road surfaces
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Rocha, Ryan D. "A Frequency-Domain Method for Active Acoustic Cancellation of Known Audio Sources." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1240.

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Active noise control (ANC) is a real-time process in which a system measures an external, unwanted sound source and produces a canceling waveform. The cancellation is due to destructive interference by a perfect copy of the received signal phase-shifted by 180 degrees. Existing active noise control systems process the incoming and outgoing audio on a sample-by-sample basis, requiring a high-speed digital signal processor (DSP) and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with strict timing requirements on the order of tens of microseconds. These timing requirements determine the maximum sample rate and bit size as well as the maximum attenuation that the system can achieve. In traditional noise cancellation systems, the general assumption is that all unwanted sound is indeterminate. However, there are many instances in which an unwanted sound source is predictable, such as in the case of a song. This thesis presents a method for active acoustic cancellation of a known audio signal using the frequency characteristics of the known audio signal compared to that of a sampled, filtered excerpt of the same known audio signal. In this procedure, we must first correctly locate the sample index for which a measured audio excerpt begins via the cross-correlation function. Next, we obtain the frequency characteristics of both the known source (WAVE file of the song) and the measured unwanted audio by taking the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of each signal, and calculate the effective environmental transfer function (degradation function) by taking the ratio of the two complex frequency-domain results. Finally, we attempt to recreate the environmental audio from the known data and produce an inverted, synchronized, and amplitude-matched signal to cancel the audio via destructive interference. Throughout the process, we employ many signal conditioning methods such as FIR filtering, median filtering, windowing, and deconvolution. We illustrate this frequency-domain method in Native Instruments’ LabVIEW running on the Windows operating system, and discuss its reliability, areas for improvement, and potential future applications in mobile technologies. We show that under ideal conditions (unwanted sound is a known white noise source, and microphone, loudspeaker, and environmental filter frequency responses are all perfectly flat), we can achieve a theoretical maximum attenuation of approximately 300 dB. If we replace the white noise source with an actual song and the environmental filter with a low-order linear filter, then we can achieve maximum attenuation in the range of 50-70 dB. However, in a real-world environment, with additional noise and imperfect microphones, speakers, synchronization, and amplitude-matching, we can expect to see attenuation values in the range of 10-20 dB.
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Books on the topic "Method of imaginary sources"

1

Mackerle, Jaroslav. Finite element methods: A guide to information sources. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.

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Fausett, David. The strange surprizing sources of Robinson Crusoe. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994.

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Achaemenid History Workshop (1985 London, England). Method and theory: Proceedings of the London 1985 Achaemenid History Workshop. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, 1988.

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Illumination, International Commission on. Method of measuring and specifying colour rendering properties of light sources. Austria: Commission internationale de l'éclairage, CIE Central Bureau, 1995.

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Meunier, Franck. Sources of uncertainty in the chromotropic acid method for gaseous formaldehyde determination. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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Scragg, Richard J. New Zealand's legal system: The principles of legal method. South Melbourne, Vic: Oxford University Press, 2005.

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Kim, Chang-Jin. Sources of monetary growth uncertainty: An encompassing approach based on Monte Carlo method. Toronto, Ont: Dept. of Economics, York University, 1989.

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Grimley, K. W. Emissions test method 29: Determination of metals emissions from stationary sources (1994 proposal). Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1994.

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Werner-Klaus, Walter. Fragen zum Untergang: Fiktiver Disput über die Geschichte der DDR und einige Dokumente. Berlin: Dietz, 1991.

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David, Day. The world of Tolkien: Mythological sources of The lord of the rings. New York: Gramercy Books, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Method of imaginary sources"

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Sisto, Walter Nunzio. "Bulgakov’s method and sources." In The Mother of God in the Theology of Sergius Bulgakov, 27–52. New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315555454-3.

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Deuff, Dominique, and Mathilde Cosquer. "Sources for this Work." In User-Centered Agile Method, 21–39. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118574829.ch3.

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McLeod, Ian. "Finding, Citing and Using the Sources of Law." In Legal Method, 88–103. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13153-2_8.

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McLeod, Ian. "Finding, Citing and Using the Sources of Law." In Legal Method, 106–22. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14289-7_8.

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McLeod, Ian. "Finding, Citing and Using the Sources of Law." In Legal Method, 112–28. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15075-5_9.

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Wu, Sean F. "Equivalent Sources Using HELS." In The Helmholtz Equation Least Squares Method, 145–62. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1640-5_8.

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Artyukh, Vadim S. "Investigations Of AGNs by the Interplanetary Scintillation Method." In Sources and Scintillations, 185–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1001-6_35.

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Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. "On The Method of Distinguishing Real From Imaginary Phenomena." In Philosophical Papers and Letters, 363–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1426-7_40.

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Teräsranta, H., E. Valtaoja, and M. Lainela. "A Simple Method to Analyze Radio Frequency Outbursts of Quasars." In Extragalactic Radio Sources, 101–2. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0295-4_41.

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Keenan, John D., and Pao-Hsing Chang. "A Statistical Method to Determine Pollutant Sources." In Informatik für den Umweltschutz, 557–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76081-5_60.

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Conference papers on the topic "Method of imaginary sources"

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Kang, Zheng, Xia Ji, Xueping Zhang, and Steven Y. Liang. "Theoretical Modeling of Cutting Temperature Distribution by Considering the Material Thermal Properties as Functions of Temperature." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50216.

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To better predict the temperature distribution in the tool and chip, a modified theoretical model by considering material thermal properties as temperature dependent is developed to quantitatively describe the temperature elevation due to the shear and friction at the tool-chip interface. Work’s thermal properties of thermal conductivity and specific heat are modified and considered as functions of temperature. The semi-infinite method is utilized in the model, in which the back of the chip and the shear band are assumed as adiabatic. Temperature distribution in the tool and chip is then determined simultaneously by shear and friction. An imaginary heat source is set up to be plane-symmetric with respect to each original heat source in this approach. The effects of original heat source and imaginary heat source are superimposed to calculate the final temperature elevation in the tool and chip. To determine the ratio of total heat transferred into the chip and the tool, it is assumed that the temperatures in the tool and in the chip are in balance along the tool-chip interface in the stable cutting state. The model is experimentally validated with peak temperature data from previous literature. Results indicate that the model-experiment deviation is less than 10% when thermal properties are considered temperature dependent, and it is more accurate than that by considering the thermal properties as constants. The patterns of temperature distribution in the tool and chip are further analyzed by the model.
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Sun, Xiaofeng, Xiaohua Liu, and Dakun Sun. "A Theoretical Model for Flow Instability Inception in Transonic Fan/Compressors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94698.

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This paper applies a theoretical model, which has been developed recently, to calculate the flow instability inception of axial transonic fan/compressors system. After the mean flow field is computed by steady CFD simulation, a body force approach, which is a function of flow field data, is taken to represent the effects of discrete blades on the flow field and duplicate the physical sources of flow turning and loss. Further by applying appropriate boundary conditions and spectral collocation method, a group of homogeneous equations will yield from which the stability equation can be derived. The singular value decomposition method is adopted over a series of fine grids in frequency domain to solve the resultant eigenvalue problem, and the onset point of flow instability can be judged by the imaginary part of the resultant eigenvalue. The present investigation is to validate the feasibility of calculating the stall onset point for single stage transonic compressor. It is shown that this model is capable of predicting instability inception point of transonic flow with reasonable accuracy, and it is sustainable in terms of computational cost for industrial application. It is shown that this model can provide an unambiguous judgment on stall inception without numerous requirements of empirical relations of loss and deviation angle. It provides a possibility to check over-predicted stall margin during the design phase of new high speed fan/compressors. In addition, the effect of flow compressibility on the stall onset point calculation for transonic rotor is studied.
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Liu, Xiaohua, Yanpei Zhou, Xiaofeng Sun, and Dakun Sun. "Calculation of Flow Instability Inception in High Speed Axial Compressors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26436.

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This paper applies a theoretical model developed recently to calculate the flow instability inception point in axial high speed compressors system. After the mean flow field is computed by steady CFD simulation, a body force approach, which is a function of flow field data and comprises of one inviscid part and the other viscid part, is taken to duplicate the physical sources of flow turning and loss. Further by applying appropriate boundary conditions and spectral collocation method, a group of homogeneous equations will yield from which the stability equation can be derived. The singular value decomposition method is adopted over a series of fine grid points in frequency domain, and the onset point of flow instability can be judged by the imaginary part of the resultant eigenvalue. The first assessment is to check the applicability of the present model on calculating the stall margin of one single stage transonic compressors at 85% rotational speed. The reasonable prediction accuracy validates that this model can provide an unambiguous judgment on stall inception without numerous requirements of empirical relations of loss and deviation angle. It could possibly be employed to check over-computed stall margin during the design phase of new high speed fan/compressors. The following validation case is conducted to study the nontrivial role of tip clearance in rotating stall, and a parameter study is performed to investigate the effects of end wall body force coefficient on stall onset point calculation. It is verified that the present model could qualitatively predict the reduced stall margin by assuming a simplified body force model which represents the response of a large tip clearance on the unsteady flow field.
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D'Elia, Massimo. "Lattice QCD with purely imaginary sources at zero and non-zero temperature." In The 32nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.214.0020.

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Hawkes, Grant, John Richardson, Dirk Gombert, and John Morrison. "Heat Transfer Model for an RF Cold Crucible Induction Heated Melter." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47397.

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A method to reduce radioactive waste volume that includes melting glass in a cold crucible radio frequency induction heated melter has been investigated numerically. The purpose of the study is to correlate the numerical investigation with an experimental apparatus that melts glass in the above mentioned melter. A model has been created that couples the magnetic vector potential (real and imaginary) to a transient startup of the melting process. This magnetic field is coupled to the mass, momentum, and energy equations that vary with time and position as the melt grows. The coupling occurs with the electrical conductivity of the glass as it rises above the melt temperature of the glass and heat is generated. Natural convection within the molten glass helps determine the shape of the melt as it progresses in time. An electromagnetic force is also implemented that is dependent on the electrical properties and frequency of the coil. This study shows the progression of the melt shape with time along with temperatures, power input, velocites, and magnetic vector potential. A power controller is implemented that controls the primary coil current so that the power induced in the melt does not exceed 60 kW. The coupling with the 60 kW generator occurs with the impedance of the melt as it progresses and changes with time. With a current source of 70 Amps (rms) in the primary coil and a frequency of 2.6 MHz, the time to melt the glass takes 0.8 hours for a crucible that is 10 inches in diameter and 10 inches high.
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Chen, Jerry C. "Efficient Eigenmode Calculations Using Imaginary-distance Beam Propagation Method." In Integrated Photonics Research. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ipr.1994.thf7.

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Yasuda, Hiroaki, Iwao Hosako, Norihiko Sekine, Yasuharu Kohyama, Masatomo Nakazato, and Shingo Ohtsuka. "Higher-order eigenmode analysis by imaginary-distance propagation method." In 2006 European Microwave Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eumc.2006.281096.

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Canau, António. "Sources and references in the utopian work of Bartolomeu Cid dos Santos." In The 2nd International Multidisciplinary Congress Phi 2016 – Utopia(S) – Worlds and Frontiers of the Imaginary. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315265322-41.

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Manjunath, B. S., and D. S. Ramakrishna. "Body Force Method for Flamant Problem Using Complex Potentials." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95303.

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Body force method is a method based on principle of superposition. In the body force method the actual condition is treated as an imaginary condition i.e. the semi-infinite plate with hole is treated as a plate without hole; the actual hole is regarded as imaginary on whose periphery boundary forces are applied. The problem is solved by superimposing the stress fields of the boundary forces and concentrated force acting at an arbitrary point to satisfy the prescribed boundary conditions so that the stress condition of the actual plate is approximately equal to that of the imaginary plate. The flamant problem with hole is shown below in Fig. 1.The complex variable method of stress analysis is a versatile technique for stress analysis Problem. The formulas for flamant problem are derived and described. Complex potentials are used for stress analysis. In the present paper, semi-infinite plate with hole is considered for analysis by body force method.
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Montgomery, David E., Brian E. Lindholm, and Robert L. West. "Monte Carlo Verification of Multivariate Delta Method Variance Estimation of Harmonic Dynamic Response Coefficients." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0342.

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Abstract Time series response data from harmonic tests can be resolved into real and imaginary components. In comparing two signals, one phased relative to the other, the real and imaginary model coefficients of the relative signal represent components that are in phase with the reference signal and 90° out-of-phase, respectively. Obtaining these real and imaginary components is a well understood process. However, determining the quality of the component estimates requires the use of a statistical technique known at the multiple multivariate delta method. In this paper, the delta method is described in the context of estimating real and imaginary components to response signals. This development includes a brief review of the multiple linear regression techniques used to analyze the excitation and response signals individually. Additionally, the delta method is verified by comparing estimated variances with variances obtained in a Monte Carlo simulation. The results of this analysis can be applied to experimental structural dynamics modeling and to the problem of updating finite element models. In both of these cases, use of the delta method provides statistically optimal weightings to the least-squares formulations used in these modeling techniques.
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Reports on the topic "Method of imaginary sources"

1

Krasnykh, Anatoly. 3D Method for the Design of Multi Sheet Beam RF Sources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/800007.

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Author, Not Given. Novel Low-Cost Method of Manufacturing Nb3Sn Multifilamentary Superconductors with Multiple-Tin-Sources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1040713.

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Fermi Research Alliance, LLC. A Novel Low-Cost Method of Manufacturing Nb3Sn Superconductors with Multiple-Tin-Tube Sources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1617221.

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Rhoades, W. A. The TORSED method for construction of TORT boundary sources from external DORT flux files. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10179872.

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DeJongh, Fritz. A method to search for mu --> e gamma decays with high intensity muon sources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15020215.

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Johnson, William C., and Isaac R. Shokair. Including shielding effects in application of the TPCA method for detection of embedded radiation sources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1048496.

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CIE. CIE S 025-SP1/E:2019 Test Method for OLED Luminaires and OLED Light Sources. International Commission on Illumination (CIE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/s025-sp1.2019.

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Beere, Harvey E. Evaluation of Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser Sources as a Potential Portable Non-Destructive Evaluation Method for the Inspection of Aircraft Structures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada525648.

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Tarko, Andrew P., Qiming Guo, and Raul Pineda-Mendez. Using Emerging and Extraordinary Data Sources to Improve Traffic Safety. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317283.

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The current safety management program in Indiana uses a method based on aggregate crash data for conditions averaged over several-year periods with consideration of only major roadway features. This approach does not analyze the risk of crashes potentially affected by time-dependent conditions such as traffic control, operations, weather and their interaction with road geometry. With the rapid development of data collection techniques, time-dependent data have emerged, some of which have become available for safety management. This project investigated the feasibility of using emerging and existing data sources to supplement the current safety management practices in Indiana and performed a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of the new data sources and their relevance to traffic safety analysis. In two case studies, time-dependent data were acquired and integrated to estimate their effects on the hourly probability of crash and its severity on two selected types of roads: (1) rural freeways and (2) signalized intersections. The results indicate a considerable connection between hourly traffic volume, average speeds, and weather conditions on the hourly probability of crash and its severity. Although some roadway geometric features were found to affect safety, the lack of turning volume data at intersections led to some counterintuitive results. Improvements have been identified to be implemented in the next phase of the project to eliminate these undesirable results.
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Zhu, Haoan, Wenbin Li, Yitong Lin, and Hao Wu. The efficacy of kinesio taping in the treatment of ankle sprain: Systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0059.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to accurately evaluate the efficacy of kinesio tape for ankle sprains. Condition being studied: Ankle sprain may cause a series of problems, such as pain, swelling, and various dysfunctions. As a physical therapy method that has attracted much attention in recent years, kinesio tape has been proven to relieve pain, reduce swelling and promote functional recovery for some diseases. In this way, we can provide a reference for clinical physical therapy. Information sources: PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang Data, Technological periodical database, SinoMed.
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