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Journal articles on the topic 'Methicillin'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Shah, Manish D., and Adam M. Klein. "Methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitiveStaphylococcus aureuslaryngitis." Laryngoscope 122, no. 11 (September 10, 2012): 2497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.23537.

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2

Oche, D. A., U. Abdulrahim, A. S. Oheagbulem, and B. O. Olayinka. "Isolation of Biofilm Producing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Hospitalized Orthopaedic Patients in Kano State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 28, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v28i1.9.

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Biofilm formation and resistance to methicillin are among the factors that makes Staphylococcus aureus a very important human pathogen in both health-care and community settings. This study investigated methicillin-resistance among biofilm-producing S. aureus isolated from 49 orthopaedic in-patients within a 3 months period. Wound swabs, nasal swabs, bed swabs and urine samples were collected from each patient. The samples were cultured and screened for presence of S. aureus while the micro-titre plate method was used to detect biofilm producing isolates. PCR technique was finally used to detect the presence of mecA gene in methicilin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. Findings reveal 14.8% of bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus of which 96.4% were biofilm-producers. However, strong biofilm producers constitute 11.1%. The mecA gene was detected in 15.8% of the MRSA isolates. Therefore, MRSA among biofilm-producing S. aureus is a potential threat primarily to the community of National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala and a major public health challenge. Keywords: Biofilm, Methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), mecA gene, Orthopaedic patient

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3

Young, T. "Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcusaureus." Journal of Wound Care 5, no. 10 (November 2, 1996): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.1996.5.10.475.

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4

Ash, Caroline. "Menacing Methicillin." Science 329, no. 5997 (September 9, 2010): 1261.1–1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.329.5997.1261-a.

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5

Boyle-Vavra, Susan, Shouhui Yin, Dae Sun Jo, Christopher P. Montgomery, and Robert S. Daum. "VraT/YvqF Is Required for Methicillin Resistance and Activation of the VraSR Regulon in Staphylococcus aureus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 1 (October 15, 2012): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01651-12.

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ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusinfections caused by strains that are resistant to all forms of penicillin, so-called methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) strains, have become common. One strategy to counter MRSA infections is to use compounds that resensitize MRSA to methicillin.S. aureusresponds to diverse classes of cell wall-inhibitory antibiotics, like methicillin, using the two-component regulatory system VraSR (vra) to up- or downregulate a set of genes (the cell wall stimulon) that presumably facilitates resistance to these antibiotics. Accordingly, VraS and VraR mutations decrease resistance to methicillin, vancomycin, and daptomycin cell wall antimicrobials.vraSandvraRare encoded together on a transcript downstream of two other genes, which we callvraUandvraT(previously calledyvqF). By producing nonpolar deletions invraUandvraTin a USA300 MRSA clinical isolate, we demonstrate thatvraTis essential for optimal expression of methicillin resistancein vitro, whereasvraUis not required for this phenotype. The deletion ofvraTalso improved the outcomes of oxacillin therapy in mouse models of lung and skin infection. SincevraTexpressed intransdid not complement avraoperon deletion, we conclude that VraT does not inactivate the antimicrobial. Genome-wide transcriptional microarray experiments reveal that VraT facilitates resistance by playing a necessary regulatory role in the VraSR-mediated cell wall stimulon. Our data prove that VraTSR comprise a novel three-component regulatory system required to facilitate resistance to cell wall agents inS. aureus. We also provide the firstin vivoproof of principle for using VraT as a sole target to resensitize MRSA to β-lactams.

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6

Nicolson, Kirsty, Gary Evans, and Paul W. O'Toole. "Potentiation of methicillin activity against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusby diterpenes." FEMS Microbiology Letters 179, no. 2 (October 1999): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb08733.x.

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7

Hill, E. E., W. E. Peetermans, S. Vanderschueren, P. Claus, M. C. Herregods, and P. Herijgers. "Methicillin-resistant versus methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 27, no. 6 (January 26, 2008): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-007-0458-2.

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8

Gelfand, Michael S., and Kerry O. Cleveland. "Reversion From Methicillin Susceptibility to Methicillin Resistance inStaphylococcus aureus." Journal of Infectious Diseases 213, no. 10 (March 8, 2016): 1671.1–1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiw051.

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9

Chambers, H. F. "Methicillin-resistant staphylococci." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1, no. 2 (April 1988): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.1.2.173.

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Strains of staphylococci resistant to methicillin were identified immediately after introduction of this drug. Methicillin-resistant strains have unusual properties, the most notable of which is extreme variability in expression of the resistance trait. The conditions associated with this heterogeneous expression of resistance are described. Methicillin resistance is associated with production of a unique penicillin-binding protein (PBP), 2a, which is bound and inactivated only at high concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics. PBP2a appears to be encoded by the mec determinant, which also is unique to methicillin-resistant strains. The relationships between PBP2a and expression of resistance and implications for the mechanism of resistance are discussed. The heterogeneous expression of methicillin resistance by staphylococci poses problems in the detection of resistant strains. Experience with several susceptibility test methods is reviewed and guidelines for performance of these tests are given. Treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci is discussed. Vancomycin is the treatment of choice. Alternatives have been few because methicillin-resistant strains often are resistant to multiple antibiotics in addition to beta-lactam antibiotics. New agents which are active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci are becoming available, and their potential role in treatment is discussed.

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10

Chambers, H. F. "Methicillin-resistant staphylococci." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1, no. 2 (1988): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.1.2.173-186.1988.

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11

Ramsay, Joshua P. "Replicating methicillin resistance?" Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 23, no. 10 (October 2016): 874–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.3303.

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12

Cookson, B., and I. Phillips. "Methicillin-resistant staphylococci." Journal of Applied Bacteriology 69 (January 1990): 55S—70S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01798.x.

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13

MALLOUH, AHMAD A. "Methicillin-induced neutropenia." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 4, no. 3 (May 1985): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198505000-00011.

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14

Williams, John David. "Resistance to methicillin." Lancet 350, no. 9081 (September 1997): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)62065-x.

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15

Namnyak, Simon. "Resistance to methicillin." Lancet 350, no. 9087 (November 1997): 1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)62488-9.

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16

Bevan, MA, SM Linton, I. Hosein, D. Hill, and JD Jessop. "Resistance to methicillin." Lancet 350, no. 9087 (November 1997): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)62489-0.

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17

Al-Quorain, Abdulaziz. "Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus Aureus." Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 4, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1658-631x.170879.

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18

Tenover, Fred C., and Michele L. Pearson. "Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus1." Emerging Infectious Diseases 10, no. 11 (November 2004): 2052–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1011.040797_10.

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19

Hansen, Erik Sommer, and Palle Tauris. "METHICILLIN-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section A Pathology 84A, no. 5 (August 15, 2009): 440–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1976.tb00139.x.

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20

Pereira, Noella Maria Delia, Ira Shah, Alpana Ohri, and Forum Shah. "Methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureusmeningitis." Oxford Medical Case Reports 2015, no. 11 (November 2015): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/omcr/omv064.

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21

Liu, Wenjing, Daniel B. Rootman, Jesse L. Berry, Catherine J. Hwang, and Robert A. Goldberg. "Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusDacryoadenitis." JAMA Ophthalmology 132, no. 8 (August 1, 2014): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.965.

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22

Lowy, Franklin D. "Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus." JAMA Internal Medicine 173, no. 21 (November 25, 2013): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.8277.

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23

Woods, Gail L., Gerri S. Hall, Isobel Rutherford, Kathleen Pratt, and Cynthia C. Knapp. "Antibiogram Comparisons: Methicillin-Resistant vs Methicillin-Susceptible Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci." Laboratory Medicine 18, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/labmed/18.11.765.

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24

Shopsin, B., B. Mathema, J. Martinez, E. Ha, M. L. Campo, A. Fierman, K. Krasinski, et al. "Prevalence of Methicillin‐Resistant and Methicillin‐SusceptibleStaphylococcus aureusin the Community." Journal of Infectious Diseases 182, no. 1 (July 2000): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/315695.

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25

Mostofsky, E., M. Lipsitch, and G. Regev-Yochay. "Is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus replacing methicillin-susceptible S. aureus?" Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 66, no. 10 (July 7, 2011): 2199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkr278.

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26

Bruins, M. J., P. Juffer, M. J. H. M. Wolfhagen, and G. J. H. M. Ruijs. "Salt Tolerance of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 45, no. 2 (December 13, 2006): 682–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02417-06.

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27

Law, M. R., and O. N. Gill. "Hospital-acquired infection with methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive staphylococci." Epidemiology and Infection 101, no. 3 (December 1988): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800029496.

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SUMMARYIn-patients at a London hospital over one year from whom the south-east England strain of ‘epidemic’ methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was isolated were compared with in-patients with strains of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). MRSA were virtually entirely hospital-acquired; isolates before 10'days were uncommon and related to recent previous admission. Thereafter first isolates occurred at a fairly constant daily rate of about 1·9 per 1000 in-patients. Acquisition of MSSA after more than 4 days in hospital occurred at a similar constant rate. Such strains were less likely to be penicillin-sensitive than strains isolated in the first 4 days after admission (11 vs. 22%) and were considered to be hospital-acquired. The single MRSA strain caused 40 infections in a year, about half of all hospital-acquired staphylococcal infections. Patients prescribed anti-staphylococcal antibiotics and patients with indwelling cannulae both had about a ninefold increased risk of acquiring MRSA. There was no reciprocal increase in MSSA infections after control measures had substantially reduced the number of MRSA infections.

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28

Al-Nammari, S. S., Y. Suh, P. Malone, A. J. Reid, and R. A. Venkatesh. "P8.09 Methicillin Resistant Verses Methicillin Sensitive Adult Haematogenous Septic Arthritis." Journal of Hospital Infection 64 (January 2006): S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-6701(06)60150-3.

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29

Lewis, Eric, and Louis D. Saravolatz. "Comparison of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia." American Journal of Infection Control 13, no. 3 (June 1985): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-6553(85)80011-0.

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30

Patel, Anisha B., Emma Hill, Eric L. Simpson, and Jon M. Hanifin. "Reversion of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusSkin Infections to Methicillin-Susceptible Isolates." JAMA Dermatology 149, no. 10 (October 1, 2013): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.4909.

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31

Khanal, Laxmi Kant, Ram Prasad Adhikari, and Ankita Guragain. "Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, no. 2 (July 5, 2018): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v16i2.20305.

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Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a global health challenge nowadays creating problem in antibiotic therapy. This study was aimed to generate resistance pattern of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus to various antibiotics in order to formulate antibiotic policy for control of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Nepal.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the department of Clinical Microbiology, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, from April 2015 to March 2016. A total of 142 S. aureus isolated from various clinical specimens. were screened for Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus by cefoxitin disc method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results: Out of 142 S. aureus isolates, 30 (21.1%) were detected as Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus by cefoxitin disc method. Most of the Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (25/30) were isolated from pus which were collected from OPD patients. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed all Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were sensitive to vancomycin.Conclusions: Prevalence of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was found to be 21.1%, and all Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus appear 100% sensitive to vancomycin. Keywords: .

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32

Yuasa, Akira, Tatsunori Murata, Keiji Imai, Yuji Yamamoto, and Yoko Fujimoto. "Treatment procedures and associated medical costs of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in Japan: A retrospective analysis using a database of Japanese employment-based health insurance." SAGE Open Medicine 7 (January 2019): 205031211987118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312119871181.

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Objectives: This study aimed to determine the patient characteristics, treatment procedures, and medical costs of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in clinical practice in Japan. Methods: Using the MinaCare database of healthcare information covering nearly 3 million individuals, of which 90% were aged 20–59 years, we extracted and analyzed data of patients who were aged ⩾15 years and diagnosed with methicillin-resistant S. aureus during hospitalization between April 2010 and August 2015. Results: A total of 684 patients with methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection were listed in the database, of which 365 were eligible to be included in this study. Mean patient age was 52.9 years, and 31.5% of the patients were females. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia was the most common methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection (32.9%) with a mean age of 48.5 years, followed by pneumonia (24.1%) with a mean age of 61.0 years and methicillin-resistant S. aureus surgical site infection (6.3%) with a mean age of 49.7 years. Vancomycin was the most frequently prescribed anti–methicillin-resistant S. aureus drug used as the first-line therapy (68.5%), followed by teicoplanin (14.2%), linezolid (7.9%), arbekacin (5.8%), and daptomycin (3.6%). The mortality rate was 11.0%, and the mean treatment duration was 13.3 days. The median total medical cost per patient was US$5083. The median treatment cost for methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia was the highest among the methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections at US$9099, followed by methicillin-resistant S. aureus pneumonia at US$3676 and surgery site infections at US$2084. Conclusion: Although the proportion of patients with methicillin-resistant S. aureus is very small in the employment-based health insurance database, methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia is the most common methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection in the working-age population and requires the highest medical cost. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus pneumonia is more common in the elderly and is a cause of high mortality.

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33

Kuwahara-Arai, K., N. Kondo, S. Hori, E. Tateda-Suzuki, and K. Hiramatsu. "Suppression of methicillin resistance in a mecA-containing pre-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain is caused by the mecI-mediated repression of PBP 2' production." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no. 12 (December 1996): 2680–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.12.2680.

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The mechanism of methicillin susceptibility was studied in Staphylococcus aureus N315P, a pre-methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain that is susceptible to methicillin, despite the presence of mecA in the chromosome. In the presence of mec regulator genes mecI and mecR1, transcription of the mecA gene was not inducible by the addition of methicillin to the culture medium. Inactivation of the mecI gene function by replacing it with tetL made N315P express heterogeneous-type methicillin resistance. The subclone, in which the mecI gene was replaced, subclone P delta I, produced 12 times greater amounts of mecA gene transcripts and 8.5 times more PBP 2' protein than N315P. These data indicate that the mecI gene-encoded repression of mecA gene transcription is responsible for the apparent methicillin susceptibility phenotype of pre-methicillin-resistant S. aureus N315P.

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34

Kondo, Noriko, Kyoko Kuwahara-Arai, Hiroko Kuroda-Murakami, Eiko Tateda-Suzuki, and Keiichi Hiramatsu. "Eagle-Type Methicillin Resistance: New Phenotype of High Methicillin Resistance under mec Regulator Gene Control." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 815–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.3.815-824.2001.

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ABSTRACT We report a novel phenotype of methicillin resistance, designated “Eagle-type” resistance, which is characteristic in its resistance to high concentrations of methicillin (64 to 512 μg/ml) and susceptibility to low concentrations of methicillin (2 to 16 μg/ml). The type of resistance was expressed in mutant strains selected with high concentrations (e.g., 128 to 512 μg/ml) of methicillin from the pre-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain N315, whose mecA gene transcription is strongly repressed by the mecI gene-encoded repressor protein MecI. The Eagle-type mutant strains harbored no mutation in themecI gene or in the operator region ofmecA gene to which MecI repressor is supposed to bind. In the representative Eagle-type strain h4, repression of mecAgene transcription and penicillin-binding protein 2′ production were found to be released by exposing the cells to a high concentration (128 μg/ml) of methicillin but not to lower concentrations (1 and 8 μg/ml) of methicillin. The strain h4 expressed paradoxical susceptibility (Eagle effect) to the cytokilling activity of methicillin. Experimental deletion of mecI gene from the chromosome of h4 by mecI-specific gene substitution converted its Eagle-type resistance to homogeneously high methicillin resistance. We cloned two novel genes, designated hmrA andhmrB, from genomic library of h4, which conferred Eagle-type resistance to N315 when introduced into the cell in multiple copies. The genes were shown to confer homogeneous methicillin resistance to the heterogeneously methicillin-resistant strain LR5 when they were introduced into on multicopy plasmids. This result strongly indicated that the genetic alteration responsible for the expression of the Eagle phenotype is identical, or equivalent in its effect, to the genetic alteration underlying heterogeneous-to-homogeneous conversion of methicillin resistance in S. aureus.

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35

., Wildana, Nurhayana Sennang, and Benny Rusli. "RESISTENSI TERHADAP METHICILLIN (METHICILLIN RESISTANT) STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 17, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v17i1.1047.

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Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial pathogen worldwide. MRSA infection typically aggravatesthe patient condition. MRSA infection increases morbidity and mortality. The study was aimed to find out the MRSA occurrence inDr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar patients during July 2008–June 2009. A retrospective study was performed using datafrom the medical records including the results of culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo HospitalMakassar. Among 1082 results of the culture test, 5.2% were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, consist of 51.8% MSSA (MethicillinSensitive Staphylococcus aureus) and 48.2% MRSA. Most of the MRSA patients were treated in orthopaedic surgery (30%), internal(22%), and paediatric (19%) wards. Based on the clinical conditions, most of the patients were in post surgery care (44.4%), pneumonia(18.5%), and diabetic foot (7.5%). All of the MRSA isolates were multiresistant (resistant to three or more antimicrobials) but 96%remain sensitive to vancomycin. It was concluded that most of MRSA patients were staying in the orthopaedic surgery ward. Based onthis clinical condition, most of the patients were in the post surgery care. All of the MRSA isolates were multiresistant, but most of themremain sensitive to vancomycin.

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36

Weese, J. Scott, Meredith C. Faires, Linda A. Frank, Lisa M. Reynolds, and Antonio Battisti. "Factors associated with methicillin-resistant versus methicillin-susceptibleStaphylococcus pseudintermediusinfection in dogs." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 240, no. 12 (June 15, 2012): 1450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.240.12.1450.

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37

Pinter, David, Judy Mandel, Kristina Hulten, Howard Minkoff, and Michael Tosi. "Maternal–Infant Perinatal Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-SensitiveStaphylococcus aureus." American Journal of Perinatology 26, no. 02 (October 31, 2008): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1095179.

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38

Abramson, Murray A., and Daniel J. Sexton. "Nosocomial Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-SusceptibleStaphylococcus AureusPrimary Bacteremia: At What Costs?" Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 20, no. 6 (June 1999): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501641.

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Objective:To determine the attributable hospital stay and costs for nosocomial methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistantS aureus(MRSA) primary bloodstream infections (BSIs).Design:Pairwise-matched (1:1) nested case-control study.Setting:University-based tertiary-care medical center.Patients:Patients admitted between December 1993 and March 1995 were eligible. Cases were defined as patients with a primary nosocomialS aureusBSI; controls were selected according to a priori matching criteria.Measurements:Length of hospital stay and total and variable direct costs of hospitalization.Results:The median hospital stay attributable to primary nosocomial MSSA BSI was 4 days, compared with 12 days for MRSA (P=.023). Attributable median total cost for MSSA primary nosocomial BSIs was $9,661 versus $27,083 for MRSA nosocomial infections (P=.043).Conclusion:Nosocomial primary BSI due toS aureussignificantly prolongs the hospital stay. Primary nosocomial BSIs due to MRSA result in an approximate threefold increase in direct cost, compared with those due to MSSA.

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Mizobuchi, Sadao, Junzaburo Minami, Fu Jin, Osamu Matsushita, and Akinobu Okabe. "Comparison of the Virulence of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-SensitiveStaphylococcus aureus." Microbiology and Immunology 38, no. 8 (August 1994): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1994.tb01829.x.

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40

Peacock, James E. "Methicillin-Susceptible “Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus:” A Sheep in Wolves' Clothing." Infection Control 7, no. 3 (March 1986): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700063992.

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41

FRIMODT-MØLLER, NIELS, VIBEKE THAMDRUP ROSDAHL, and BENTE GAHRN-HANSEN. "In vitroactivity of dicloxacillin against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus-aureus." APMIS 97, no. 1-6 (January 1989): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1989.tb00779.x.

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42

Ghazal, Lubna, Saba Mushtaq, Sohail Ashraf, Saima Rafique, Muhammad Bilal, and Naila Iqbal. "Evaluation and Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococci Isolated From Clinical Specimens in POF Hospital, Wah Cantt." Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College 26, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v26i2.1815.

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Objective: To determine the frequency and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens as a result of culture and sensitivity. Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in POF Hospital Microbiology laboratory from January 2019 to September 2020. One hundred and eighty four staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens were processed as per standard methodology. Results: Out of 148, methicillin resistant S.aureus and methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci were 38.04% and13.04% respectively. Infections caused by Methicillin resistant staphylococcal isolates were higher among the age group 31-40 years (71.4%, OR=2.68). Out of thirty expired patients, 53.3% had been infected with methicillin resistant staphylococcal infections. The methicillin resistant staphylococci were most frequent in miscellaneous category of clinical specimens (80.0%, OR=4.63). The susceptibility analysis revealed that methicillin resistant staphylococci are 100% resistant to penicillin, meropenem and amoxycillin-clavulanate (p=0.000). A significant association of methicillin resistance was also noticed against amikacin (p=0.002), ciprofloxacin (p=0.001), clindamycin (p=0.005) and erythromycin (p=0.000). Moxifloxacin, linezolid and vancomycin are the most effective choice for infections caused by methicillin resistant staphylococci. Conclusions: The methicillin-resistant staphylococci are highly resistant to commonly prescribed oral as well as injectable antibiotics. Establishment and implementation of infection control policies are required to combat the grave situation of increasing antibiotic resistance.

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Hamdad, F., F. Donda, J. F. Lefebvre, G. Laurans, M. Biendo, D. Thomas, B. Canarelli, F. Rousseau, and F. Eb. "Detection of Methicillin/Oxacillin Resistance and Typing in Aminoglycoside-Susceptible Methicillin-Resistant and Kanamycin-Tobramycin-Resistant Methicillin-SusceptibleStaphylococcus aureus." Microbial Drug Resistance 12, no. 3 (September 2006): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2006.12.177.

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Ichikawa, Takahiro, and Fumihiro Kodama. "1219. Increasing Methicillin Resistance of Staphylococcus lugdunensis in a Tertiary Care Community Hospital in Japan." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1052.

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Abstract Background Staphylococcus lugdunensis, a coagulase-negative staphylococcus, has virulence and pathogenicity similar to that of Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin resistance and presence of mecA gene are not common in S. lugdunensis in many parts of the world. Recently, higher prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. lugdunensis is reported from Taiwan and Japan. We describe the change in methicillin resistance of S. lugdunensis in a tertiary care community hospital in Sapporo, Japan. Methods We performed a retrospective study of S. lugdunensis, isolated from inpatients and outpatients at our hospital from 2008 to 2017. Rate of methicillin resistance of the first 5 years from 2008 to 2012, and that of the second 5 years from 2013 to 2017 were compared. Risk factors of methicillin resistance were also evaluated. Phenotypic detection of methicillin resistance was identified using broth microdilution by VITEK two system (bioMérieux). Results A total of 369 cases of S. lugdunensis were detected during the study period. Of all cases, 228 (61.8%) were men, and 177 (48.0%) were hospitalized. Twenty-one isolates (5.7%) were positive in blood culture, 216 (58.5%) were positive in cultures of skin and soft tissue. Methicillin-resistant strains were found in 43 (31.6%) of 136 isolates from 2008 to 2012, and in 108 (46.4%) of 233 from 2013 to 2017 (OR 1.87; 95% CI 1.20–2.91; P = 0.006). Of patients with methicillin-resistant S. lugdunensis, 105 cases (69.5%) were hospitalized (P < 0.001). Conclusion In our hospital, methicillin-resistant S. lugdunensis is increasing over the 10 years. Further research is needed to assess trend of methicillin resistance of S. lugdunensis in other healthcare facilities and countries. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Vyletělová, M., H. Vlková, and I. Manga. "Occurrence and characteristics of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in raw milk manufacturing." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 29, Special Issue (January 4, 2012): S11—S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4443-cjfs.

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For monitoring the occurrence of MRSA (methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and MR-CNS (methicillin resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci), cow’s, goat’s, and sheep’s milks (bulk milks and individual samples) were investigated. Human nasal and throat swabs of the farm staff and nasal swabs of animals were also investigated as well. In total 1729 samples were examined and 634 strains were isolated by means of the cultivation method and used in this study. Generic identification of the staphylococci isolates was done performed by biochemical tests and all S. aureus and CNS isolates were checked by the PCR method for the presence of mecA gene which is responsible for methicillin resistance. The presence of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) and genes encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst) was detected in all strains confirmed as MRSA. The species were also examined for antimicrobial susceptibility by using disk diffusion method with antibiotic disks. S. aureus was the most frequently identified species from the samples tested (n = 557; 32.2%), followed by S. haemolyticus (n = 32; 1.9%), S. chromogenes (n = 24; 1.4%), S. epidermidis (n = 20; 1.2%), and S. caprae (n = 1; 0.16%). Among the resistant staphylococci (n = 49), S. aureus (n = 25; 51%) was found the most frequently, followed by S. epidermidis (n = 17; 34.7%), S. chromogenes (n = 6; 12.2%), and S. haemolyticus (n = 1; 2%). The resistant Staphyloccocus sp. occurred mainly in cow’s milk (MRSA, S. epidermidis, S. chromogenes, S. haemolyticus) and in animal’s swabs (S. epidermidis). One MRSA was also found in goat’s milk and one was isolated from human swab. No resistant strains were found in sheep’s milk. The negative results of the analysed genes presence (pvl, tst) were identical with all MRSA tested. The staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) was classified as type IV or V.

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Cheng, L.-H., and B.-H. Kang. "Nasal septal abscess and facial cellulitis caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 124, no. 9 (January 8, 2010): 1014–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215109992738.

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AbstractObjective:Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is emerging as an important pathogen. However, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus rarely causes nasal septal abscess.Case report:We present a case of severe, community-acquired, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection causing rapidly progressing sinusitis, nasal septal abscess and facial cellulitis.Conclusion:This report serves to remind the clinician of the expanding spectrum of severe infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, all requiring prompt diagnosis and appropriate medical and/or surgical management.

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Santoso, Asep, Iwan Budiwan Anwar, Tangkas SMHS Sibarani, Bintang Soetjahjo, Taek-Rim Yoon, and Kyung Soon Park. "The Results of Two-stage Revision for Methicillin-resistant Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) of the Hip." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 5_suppl5 (May 1, 2020): 2325967120S0005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00052.

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Patellar tendon rupture after total knee arthroplasty is a rare, but often catastrophic complication. In addition, infection is also a dreaded complication after total knee arthroplasty. We report an 84-year-old female that has late infected total knee arthroplasty with patellar tendon rupture treated with resection arthroplasty and then subsequent arthrodesis with retrograde intramedullary nail. Objective: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip due to methicillin-resistant bacteria is difficult to treat and remain a challenge for arthroplasty surgeon. Methods: Retrospective review was done to the patients who received two-stage revisions with antibiotic loaded cement-spacer for PJI of the hip between January 2010 to June 2015. We found 65 patients (65 hips) with positive culture findings. Eight patients were lost to followup and excluded from the study. Among the rest of the 57 patients, methicillin-resistant infection (MR Group) was found in 28 cases. For comparison, we also evaluated the 29 other cases that caused by other pathogen (Non-Methicillin resistant group/Non-MR group). We compared all of the relevant medical records and the treatment outcomes between the two groups. Results: The mean of follow-up period was 33.7 months in the methicillin-resistant group and 28.4 months in the nonmethicillin-resistant group (p = 0.27). The causal pathogens in the methicillin-resistant group were: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 10 cases, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) in 16 cases and Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) in 2 cases. The reimplantation rate was 92.8% and 89.6% in the methicillin-resistant and nonmethicillinresistant groups, respectively (p= 0.66). The rates of recurrent infection after reimplantation were 23.1% (6/26) in the methicillin-resistant group and 7.6% (2/26) in the nonmethicillinresistant group (p= 0.12). The overall infection control rate was 71.4% (20/28) and 89.6% (26/29) in the methicillin-resistant and nonmethicillin-resistant groups, respectively (p = 0.08). Both group showed comparable baseline data on mean age, BMI, gender distribution, preoperative ESR/CRP/WBC and comorbidities. Conclusion: Two-stage revision still resulted a higher recurrency rate and lower infection control rate for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip due to methicillin-resistant infection compared to nonmethicillin-resistant infection.

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Khatri, Sabita, Narayan Dutt Pant, Raju Bhandari, Krishma Laxmi Shrestha, Chandrika D. Shrestha, Nabaraj Adhikari, and Asia Poudel. "Nasal Carriage Rate of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Health Care Workers at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 15, no. 1 (August 13, 2017): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v15i1.18009.

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Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections. Due to its multidrug resistant nature; infections due to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are often very difficult to treat. Colonized health care workers are the important sources of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The objectives of this study were to determine the nasal carriage rate of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among health care workers at Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Nepal and to assess their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 252 health care workers from July to November 2013. Mannitol salt agar was used to culture the nasal swabs. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion technique following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were confirmed by using cefoxitin disc and by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of oxacillin by agar dilution method.Results: Of 252 healthcare workers, 46(18.3%) were positive for Staphylococcus aureus among which 19(41.3%) were Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriers. Overall rate of nasal carriage of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 7.5% (19/252).The higher percentages of lab personnel were nasal carriers of S. aureus (31.6%) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (10.5%).The percentages of nasal carriage of S. aureus (35.7%) and Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (14.3%) were highest in the health care workers from post operative department. Higher percentage of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible toward amikacin (100%) and vancomycin (100%) followed by cotrimoxazole (84.2%).Conclusions: High rates of nasal carriage of S. aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were observed among the healthcare workers, which indicate the need of strict infection control measures to be followed to control the nosocomial infections.

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Krishnakumar, Sharanya. "Antimicrobial sensitivity testing of levonadifloxacin – A novel benzoquinolizine drug against MRSA isolates in a tertiary care hospital." Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 11, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 5312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v11i5.4176.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) adds a significant burden for health-care workers. In India there is a significant rise in prevalence of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus recently. Treatment has become very difficult among the resistant Staphylococcal isolates. Currently vancomycin and linezolid are the commonly used antibiotics. But these drugs have their adverse effects. Hence improved bactericidal antibiotics with increased tissue penetration and low possibility of developing resistance and safe to be used in chronic cases should be used for management of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. The drug Levonadifloxacin acts actively against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Quinolone - resistant Staphylococcus aureus phenotypes. Recently in India, levonadifloxacin has been approved for the treatment of various infections like acute bacterial skin and soft tissue infections with complicating blood stream infections and also for diabetes complicating infections. Hence we evaluated the activity of levonadifloxacin (10g) by Kirby– Bauer disk diffusion assay against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in the central laboratory of a tertiary care centre for a period of 1year between May 2021 to April 2022. 296 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were identified from various clinical samples. Based on the results of disc diffusion test using Cefoxitin disc, Of the 296 Staphylococcus aureus isolates 104 were methicillin resistant and the rest of the 192 were methicillin sensitive. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were tested against levonadifloxacin by disc diffusion which yielded 100% susceptibility rate. Hence this study displays potent activity of the drug levonadifloxacin against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates and is recommended for therapeutic use.

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Sandri, Ana Maria, Micheline Gisele Dalarosa, Luciana Ruschel de Alcântara, Laura da Silva Elias, and Alexandre Prehn Zavascki. "Reduction in Inddence of Nosocomial Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infection in an Intensive Care Unit: Role of Treatment With Mupirocin Ointment and Chlorhexidine Baths for Nasal Carriers of MRSA." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 27, no. 2 (February 2006): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/500625.

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After the introduction of routine treatment for every nasal carrier of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, active follow-up surveillance for nosocomial methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection was conducted for 5 years in an intensive care unit of a tertiary-care teaching hospital. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of nosocomial methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection during the later years of follow-up. Decolonization of nasal carriers of methicillin-resistant S. aureus is probably associated with such findings.

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