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Academic literature on the topic 'Méthanisation – Environnement'
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Journal articles on the topic "Méthanisation – Environnement"
DOURMAD, J. Y., L. DELABY, J. L. BOIXADERA, C. ORTIS, B. MÉDA, C. GAIGNÉ, and B. DUMONT. "Diversité des services rendus par les territoires à forte densité d'élevages, trois cas d'étude en Europe." INRA Productions Animales 30, no. 4 (June 25, 2018): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2017.30.4.2261.
Full textAissani, Lynda, Audrey Collet, and Fabrice Béline. "Détermination de l'intérêt environnemental via l'analyse du cycle de vie du traitement des effluents organiques par méthanisation au regard des contraintes territoriales." Sciences Eaux & Territoires Numéro 12, no. 3 (2013): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/set.012.0078.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Méthanisation – Environnement"
Mesnil, Camille. "Convertir la méthanisation en « solution de transition énergétique » : Le cas de la relance de la méthanisation en Île-de-France 1990-2020." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PESC2001.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the deployment of anaerobic digestion in Île-de-France to shed light on whatis happening through the devices called upon to develop in the name of the "green city". This processof breaking down organic matter in the absence of air produces a gas mixture and a digestate, a kindof humus. The multifunctional character (waste management, energy production, compostproduction), the significant plasticity (in terms of technical intensity, inputs and uses) and above allthe double environmental promise (as a mode of production of renewable energy or as a circulareconomy tool) with which anaerobic digestion can be associated, make it a preferred technique foranyone interested in environmental issues in the broad sense.With the analysis of diversified framing, enrolment and incentive scenes as well as the trajectory ofthe different types of assemblage in Île-de-France, the thesis shows the primacy of the visions anddevices most compatible with energetic regime, especially those associated with large gas networks.It also shows that the articulation of the issues of waste management and energy production is notstraightforward and is the subject of tensions. Beyond these two issues, the thesis shows the pluralityof "spillovers" of the development of anaerobic digestion in environmental terms (water, soil, etc.)and socio-economic matters (associated agricultural model)
Laurent, Faustine. "Évaluation des performances environnementales de l'insertion d'une filière de méthanisation centralisée au sein d'un territoire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S022.
Full textIn France, the rapid development of anaerobic digestion (a process used to generate renewable energy by breaking down organic residues) has led to the environmental relevance of this solution being questioned. It is particularly worthwhile evaluating inasmuch as development of the sector forms part of national climate and energy plans. Centralised anaerobic digestion also fits in profitably with various industrial ecology approaches, with the multifunctionality of the process constituting a substantial asset in that it favours circular flows of materials and energy. However, this multifunctionality also represents the main source of the methodological difficulties encountered in the evaluation of the environmental performance of anaerobic digestion systems. Resolving this, i.e. defining the main function of a system, requires the environmental evaluation method to be contextualised. For life cycle assessment (LCA), this contextualisation emerges as being appropriate to the first stage of the methodology. This thesis puts forward a conceptual framework, aimed at defining anaerobic digestion scenarios that are consistent with the particularities of the territory in which they are located. To do this, a territorial systemic approach, involving geographic information systems (GIS) and object-oriented modelling, was developed. The approach has resulted in a spatial model for territorial location of a centralised anaerobic digestion solution, incorporating all its component parts, networks and variables. The systemic approach was followed by a phase of functional and spatial optimisation involving three successive sets of indicators, enabling the following to be defined: (i) the main function to be played by an anaerobic digestion system within the territory studied, (ii) the possible configurations of an anaerobic digestion system capable of fulfilling this main function and (iii) the preferential zones for locating the scenarios envisaged. This methodology, designed to be transposable to any territory within France, forms part of the first two LCA stages, i.e. definition of objectives and life cycle inventory. In order to validate the applicability of the method developed, the territorial systemic approach was applied to two different territories. These case studies highlight the links between specific territorial characteristics and the design of the local solution. The influence of the main function selected for an anaerobic digestion system on the performance and results of the LCA was also studied for one of these territories. The most noteworthy differences relate to substitution, highlighting the importance of developing anaerobic digestion as a priority when the local context makes it possible for the multiple functions of the solution to replace existing sectors with particularly harmful effects on the environment
Le, Bars Maureen. "Devenir du zinc des produits résiduaires organiques après méthanisation et recyclage agricole : rôle des nanoparticules de sulfure de zinc." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0034.
Full textAgricultural recycling of organic waste (OW), raw or after a treatment like anaerobic digestion (AD) and/or composting is common. It is necessary to assess the environmental impact of OW agricultural recycling after anaerobic digestion since this technology is gaining interest, particularly regarding zinc, an abundant element in OW. In order to properly evaluate the risk, zinc speciation must be known. First, we have shown that AD promote the formation of nano-ZnS that is therefore the main species of Zn (> 70%) in AD digestates. This unstable species is transformed during composting of 1 to 3 months. Size and strain are parameters that can explain nanocrystals reactivity. We showed that the more nano-ZnS are small and the higher the strain is. Interaction with thiol containing organic molecules, potentially present in anaerobic digesters, release nano-ZnS structural strain and control its growth. Finally, amended soil characteristics have a key role for nano-ZnS fate: the components of clayey and iron-oxide-rich soils are able to immobilize Zn released by nano-ZnS dissolution, unlike sandy soils components. This work gives a better understanding of zinc dynamics in cultivated ecosystems subject to spreading of organic waste
Chapleur, Olivier. "Ingénierie écologique des communautés microbiennes de méthanisation des déchets ligno-cellulosiques." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00945512.
Full textLaurent, Faustine. "Évaluation des performances environnementales de l'insertion d'une filière de méthanisation centralisée au sein d'un territoire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S022/document.
Full textIn France, the rapid development of anaerobic digestion (a process used to generate renewable energy by breaking down organic residues) has led to the environmental relevance of this solution being questioned. It is particularly worthwhile evaluating inasmuch as development of the sector forms part of national climate and energy plans. Centralised anaerobic digestion also fits in profitably with various industrial ecology approaches, with the multifunctionality of the process constituting a substantial asset in that it favours circular flows of materials and energy. However, this multifunctionality also represents the main source of the methodological difficulties encountered in the evaluation of the environmental performance of anaerobic digestion systems. Resolving this, i.e. defining the main function of a system, requires the environmental evaluation method to be contextualised. For life cycle assessment (LCA), this contextualisation emerges as being appropriate to the first stage of the methodology. This thesis puts forward a conceptual framework, aimed at defining anaerobic digestion scenarios that are consistent with the particularities of the territory in which they are located. To do this, a territorial systemic approach, involving geographic information systems (GIS) and object-oriented modelling, was developed. The approach has resulted in a spatial model for territorial location of a centralised anaerobic digestion solution, incorporating all its component parts, networks and variables. The systemic approach was followed by a phase of functional and spatial optimisation involving three successive sets of indicators, enabling the following to be defined: (i) the main function to be played by an anaerobic digestion system within the territory studied, (ii) the possible configurations of an anaerobic digestion system capable of fulfilling this main function and (iii) the preferential zones for locating the scenarios envisaged. This methodology, designed to be transposable to any territory within France, forms part of the first two LCA stages, i.e. definition of objectives and life cycle inventory. In order to validate the applicability of the method developed, the territorial systemic approach was applied to two different territories. These case studies highlight the links between specific territorial characteristics and the design of the local solution. The influence of the main function selected for an anaerobic digestion system on the performance and results of the LCA was also studied for one of these territories. The most noteworthy differences relate to substitution, highlighting the importance of developing anaerobic digestion as a priority when the local context makes it possible for the multiple functions of the solution to replace existing sectors with particularly harmful effects on the environment
Moinard, Victor. "Conséquences de l’introduction de la méthanisation dans une exploitation de polyculture-élevage sur les cycles du carbone et de l’azote. Combinaison de l’expérimentation et de la modélisation à l’échelle de la ferme." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASB049.
Full textThe anaerobic digestion (AD) of animal effluents is strongly developing in France. It produces renewable energy (biogas). Like undigested effluents, the use of anaerobic digestates in the field enables the recycling of nutrients and organic matter in the soil, which decreases the need for synthetic fertilizers and maintains soil organic carbon stocks. However, the treatment and field application of those organic products can also cause greenhouse gas emissions and contaminants. The on-farm AD nfluences those impacts. In order to control them, we need to understand how the co-digestion of animal effluents with imported organic wastes influences C and N cycles at the farm scale. We studied this question with the support of a case study at INRAE in Nouzilly (Centre – Val de Loire, France): a crop and livestock farm where an anaerobic digester treats the cattle effluents together with imported wastes. During the MetaMetha field experiment, we compared N fluxes during a crop rotation that was fertilized with synthetic N fertilizers, undigested cattle slurry and farmyard manure, or digestates issued from their digestion. We found that digestates can substitute synthetic fertilizers, despite the risk of ammonia (NH3) emissions. Earthworms can be negatively impacted just after the application of digestate of slurry, but the input of organic matter induced similar positive impacts after two years. We then evaluated the STICS and SYS-Metha models to simulate the field experiment, and digestate treatment and storage, respectively. Both models were coupled to simulate C and N fluxes at the farm scale. The models showed that when large amounts of digested wastes are imported, AD promotes substitution of synthetic N fertilizers and storage of soil organic C, but also NH3 emissions. The study enabled us to better evaluate the consequences of the on-farm AD and therefore to optimize the sector
Sow, Abdoulaye. "Contribution à la conduite de la méthanisation dans des bioréacteurs à film fixe fonctionnant à forts taux de charge : application aux déchets agro-industriels." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECAP0131.
Full textLaera, Andreina. "Fate of trace elements during and after anaerobic digestion : a sequential extraction method and DGT technique to assess bio-accessible trace elements in digestate." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2011.
Full textDifferent chemical interactions between trace elements and organic/inorganic compounds originating from the substrate and generated during the anaerobic digestion process will determine the speciation of trace elements in anaerobic digesters. After anaerobic digestion, digestates are exposed to oxidizing conditions which may favor a change of trace elements’ speciation and consequently bio-accessibility for soil microorganisms and plants when digestates are spread on lands as organic amendment. Several techniques were used to assess the mobility, accessibility, and potential bio-availability of trace elements in digestates for environmental risk assessments of digestate utilization as a soil fertilizer. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate a sequential extraction procedure and the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) to assess bio-accessible trace elements in digestate samples. Samples were taken from full-scale anaerobic digestion plants treating a mixture of industrial and municipal solid wastes or sewage sludge. The elements investigated include Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Zn and W. A sequential extraction procedure, originally conceived for organic matter fractionation, was implemented to simultaneously extract organic matter and trace elements in a substrate and digestate sample. It was observed that more than 50% of total As, Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn were extracted along with the operationally defined organic matter fractions in both samples. Whereas, a lower recovery was observed for Al, Cr, Cu, Mo and Pb. These elements were mainly found in the dissolved organic matter fraction where soluble trace elements are likely bio-accessible for microbial up-take. Moreover, a high portion of elements was found in the mineral fraction, which was considered poorly bio-accessible. However, the feasibility of using the aforementioned method was questioned following the low efficiency of extraction of certain trace elements during the extraction procedure. Moreover, it was acknowledged that chemical reagents employed during the extraction procedure could have promoted a dissolution/precipitation of trace elements and therefore a change in their fractionation. Therefore, DGT technique was tested to fractionate trace elements and it was observed that this technique increased the sensitivity of trace elements monitoring compared to conventional dissolved elements measurements in digested sewage sludge. However, it was observed that the DGT samplers’ deployment time in digested sewage sludge should be carefully evaluated. Additionally, the digestate matrix lowered the accumulation of some trace elements in the DGT samplers. Therefore, DGT labile trace elements (i.e. most bio-accessible species) can be correctly estimated provided a careful adaptation of the deployment time as well as an evaluation of the matrix effect is performed in digestate samples. Unless this, general trend of labile trace elements over time could be estimated such as the distribution of labile trace elements over time in digestate exposed to air. Therefore, the effect of atmospheric air on the mobility and bio-accessibility of trace elements, including labile and soluble fractions, in digested sewage sludge was investigated. The exposure of digestate to air promoted dissolution of Al, As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo and Pb, suggesting that a possible increase in their mobility may likely occur during digestate storage in open tanks or handling before land spreading. Labile elements’ fraction increased only during an increase of aeration (except for Fe and Mn), suggesting that their short-term bio-accessibility can increase only after significant aeration as the one assumed to occur when digestate land spreading takes place
Jutteau, Paul. "Analyser les transformations ambivalentes de l'agriculture allemande en lien avec la méthanisation au prisme du concept de multifonctionnalité." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0046.
Full textThis research aims at investigating the connections between energy transitions and agricultural transformations through a comparative research focused on four case studies in Germany. The starting point of this inquiry was the ambivalence of these changes. On the one hand, biogas generation tends to reinforce the socio-economic integration of farms intoagro-industrial value chains. On the other hand, this activity could also strengthen the connections with local stakeholders, for example through the implementation of localised heating networks in neighbouring villages or cities. The first aim of this research is to depict these ambivalent agricultural changes, to identify and evaluate key drivers that shape these processes. The main hypothesis of this work is that not only changes in German policies could explain this ambivalence. The various kinds of investors and the individual farmer‘s aims and needs influence the particular ways in which these changesoccur. Finally, the use of resources bounded to specific contexts contributes to shape these changes, but also generate social inequalities
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand darin, die Auswirkungen der Energiegewinnung durch Biogas auf die Landwirtschaft und die ländlichen Räume anhand einer vergleichenden Studie in vier deutschen Untersuchungsgebieten zu untersuchen. Dafür wurden die Konzepte der landwirtschaftlichen Multifunktionalität und des territorial capital in Verbindung mit der multi-level perspective auf den soziotechnischen Wandel verwendet. Dabei wurde zunächst der Trend zu einer Hybridisierung dieses Wandels herausgearbeitet. Biogas kann die produktivistischen Praktiken der Betriebe verstärken, aber auchabschwächen. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass diese gegenläufigen Entwicklungspfade gleichzeitig in den landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben ablaufen können. Darüber hinaus belegt diese Arbeit, dass die Entwicklung der Gesetzgebung und auch die Art von Investoren (industrielle oder finanzielle Firmen, landwirtschaftliche Betriebsarten) ebenso wie die lokalen Merkmale (Peripherisierungsprozesse bzw. Bevölkerungsrückgang im ländlichen Raum, Formen des territorialen Erbes— „héritage territorial― — oder eine besondere lokale Geschichte in Bezug auf das Thema Energie) diese ambivalenten Entwicklungspfade beeinflussen können, sobald die Akteure die betreffenden Merkmaleund Ressourcen nutzen. Deshalb kann es zur Entstehung von umweltbezogenen sozialen Ungleichheiten kommen