Relevant bibliographies by topics / Methane emissions

Academic literature on the topic 'Methane emissions'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Methane emissions"

1

He, Jian, Vaishali Naik, Larry W. Horowitz, Ed Dlugokencky, and Kirk Thoning. "Investigation of the global methane budget over 1980–2017 using GFDL-AM4.1." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 805–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-805-2020.

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Abstract. Changes in atmospheric methane abundance have implications for both chemistry and climate as methane is both a strong greenhouse gas and an important precursor for tropospheric ozone. A better understanding of the drivers of trends and variability in methane abundance over the recent past is therefore critical for building confidence in projections of future methane levels. In this work, the representation of methane in the atmospheric chemistry model AM4.1 is improved by optimizing total methane emissions (to an annual mean of 580±34 Tg yr−1) to match surface observations over 1980–2017. The simulations with optimized global emissions are in general able to capture the observed trend, variability, seasonal cycle, and latitudinal gradient of methane. Simulations with different emission adjustments suggest that increases in methane emissions (mainly from agriculture, energy, and waste sectors) balanced by increases in methane sinks (mainly due to increases in OH levels) lead to methane stabilization (with an imbalance of 5 Tg yr−1) during 1999–2006 and that increases in methane emissions (mainly from agriculture, energy, and waste sectors) combined with little change in sinks (despite small decreases in OH levels) during 2007–2012 lead to renewed growth in methane (with an imbalance of 14 Tg yr−1 for 2007–2017). Compared to 1999–2006, both methane emissions and sinks are greater (by 31 and 22 Tg yr−1, respectively) during 2007–2017. Our tagged tracer analysis indicates that anthropogenic sources (such as agriculture, energy, and waste sectors) are more likely major contributors to the renewed growth in methane after 2006. A sharp increase in wetland emissions (a likely scenario) with a concomitant sharp decrease in anthropogenic emissions (a less likely scenario), would be required starting in 2006 to drive the methane growth by wetland tracer. Simulations with varying OH levels indicate that a 1 % change in OH levels could lead to an annual mean difference of ∼4 Tg yr−1 in the optimized emissions and a 0.08-year difference in the estimated tropospheric methane lifetime. Continued increases in methane emissions along with decreases in tropospheric OH concentrations during 2008–2015 prolong methane's lifetime and therefore amplify the response of methane concentrations to emission changes. Uncertainties still exist in the partitioning of emissions among individual sources and regions.
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Oda, Masato, and Nguyen Huu Chiem. "Rice cultivation reduces methane emissions in high-emitting paddies." F1000Research 7 (August 29, 2018): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15859.1.

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Background: Rice is typically understood to enhance methane emissions from paddy fields. However, rice actually has two separate functions related to methane: i) emission enhancement, such as by providing emission pathways (aerenchyma) and methanogenetic substrates; and ii) emission suppression by providing oxygen pathways, which suppress methanogenesis or enhance methane oxidation. The overall role of rice is thus determined by the balance between its enhancing and suppressing functions. Although existing studies have suggested that rice enhances total methane emissions, we aimed to demonstrate that the balance between rice’s emitting and suppressing functions changes according to overall methane emission levels, which have quite a large range (16‍–500 kg methane ha−1 crop−1). Methods: Using PVC chambers, we compared methane emissions emitted by rice paddy fields with and without rice plants in rice fields in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatograph. Results: We found high overall methane emission levels and our results indicated that rice in fact suppressed methane emissions under these conditions. Emission reductions increased with the growth of rice, up to 60% of emission rate at the maximum tillering stage, then decreased to 20% after the heading stage, and finally recovering back to 60%. Discussion: It is known that methane is emitted by ebullition when the emission level is high, and methane emission reductions in rice-planted fields are thought to be due to oxidation and methanogenesis suppression. However, although many studies have found that the contribution of soil organic matter to methanogenesis is small, our results suggested that methanogenesis depended mainly on soil organic matter accumulated from past crops. The higher the methane emission level, the lower the contribution of rice-providing substrate. Conclusion: As a result, during the growing season, rice enhanced methane emissions in low-emission paddy fields but suppressed methane emissions in high-emission paddy fields.
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Chen, Jia, Florian Dietrich, Hossein Maazallahi, Andreas Forstmaier, Dominik Winkler, Magdalena E. G. Hofmann, Hugo Denier van der Gon, and Thomas Röckmann. "Methane emissions from the Munich Oktoberfest." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 6 (March 27, 2020): 3683–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3683-2020.

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Abstract. This study presents the first investigation of the methane (CH4) emissions of a large festival. Munich Oktoberfest, the world's largest folk festival, is a potential source of CH4 as a large amount of natural gas for cooking and heating is used. In 2018 we measured the CH4 emissions of Oktoberfest using in situ measurements combined with a Gaussian plume dispersion model. Measurements were taken while walking and biking around the perimeter of the Oktoberfest premises (Theresienwiese) at different times of the day, during the week and at the weekend. The measurements showed enhancements of up to 100 ppb compared to background values and measurements after Oktoberfest. The average emission flux of Oktoberfest is determined as (6.7±0.6) µg (m2 s)−1. Additional analyses, including the daily emission cycle and comparisons between emissions and the number of visitors, suggest that CH4 emissions of Oktoberfest are not due solely to the human biogenic emissions. Instead, fossil fuel CH4 emissions, such as incomplete combustion or loss in the gas appliances, appear to be the major contributors to Oktoberfest emissions. Our results can help to develop CH4 reduction policies and measures to reduce emissions at festivals and other major events in cities. Furthermore, events with a limited duration have not yet been included in the state-of-the-art emission inventories, such as TNO-MACC, EDGAR or IER. Our investigations show that these emissions are not negligible. Therefore, these events should be included in future emission inventories.
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Liu, Bing Tao, Wei Sheng Chen, and Peng Ju Ding. "Methane Emissions in Wastewater Treatment Process and Emissions Calculation in Henan Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (June 2015): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.553.

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The process of wastewater treatment is one of the sources of greenhouse gas emissions from urban human activities and methane is a source of greenhouse gases can not be ignored. According to the method recommended by IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2006,a calculation model was established to assess methane emissions of wastewater treatment in Henan.Then methane emissions from wastewater treatment in Henan province in the year of 2010 were estimated. The results showed that net methane emissions from the sewage treatment process was 21,764.1 tons, and methane from the industrial wastewater generated process was 98,609.33 tons. The results will provide a scientific basis for policy maker to mitigate the methane emission from the sewage treatment process of Henan province.
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Oda, Masato, and Nguyen Huu Chiem. "Rice plants reduce methane emissions in high-emitting paddies." F1000Research 7 (July 25, 2019): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15859.3.

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Background: Rice is understood to enhance methane emissions from paddy fields in IPCC guidelines. However, rice actually has two opposite functions related to methane: i) emission enhancement, such as by providing emission pathways (aerenchyma) and methanogenetic substrates; and ii) emission suppression by providing oxygen pathways, which suppress methanogenesis or enhance methane oxidation. The overall role of rice is thus determined by the balance between its enhancing and suppressing functions. Although previous studies have suggested that rice enhances total methane emissions, we aimed to demonstrate in high-emitting paddy fields that the overall methane emission is decreased by rice plants. Methods: We compared methane emissions with and without rice plants in triple cropping rice paddy fields in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The gas samples are collected using chamber method and ware analyzed by gas chromatography. Results: We found that rice, in fact, suppressed overall methane emissions in high-emitting paddies. The emission reductions increased with the growth of rice to the maximum tillering stage, then decreased after the heading stage, and finally recovered. Discussion: Our result indicates that the overall methane emission is larger than that of rice planted area. In addition, although many studies in standard-emitting paddies have found that the contribution of soil organic matter to methanogenesis is small, prior studies in high-emitting paddies suggest that methanogenesis depended mainly on soil organic matter accumulated from past crops. The higher the methane emission level, the lower the contribution of the rice-derived substrate; conversely, the higher the contribution of the rice providing oxygen. Finally, rice plants reduce methane emissions in high-emitting paddies. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that during the growing season, rice is suppressing methane emissions in high-emitting paddies. This means the significance of using the rice variety which has high suppressing performance in high-emitting paddies.
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Buchwitz, Michael, Oliver Schneising, Maximilian Reuter, Jens Heymann, Sven Krautwurst, Heinrich Bovensmann, John P. Burrows, et al. "Satellite-derived methane hotspot emission estimates using a fast data-driven method." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 9 (May 9, 2017): 5751–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5751-2017.

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Abstract. Methane is an important atmospheric greenhouse gas and an adequate understanding of its emission sources is needed for climate change assessments, predictions, and the development and verification of emission mitigation strategies. Satellite retrievals of near-surface-sensitive column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of atmospheric methane, i.e. XCH4, can be used to quantify methane emissions. Maps of time-averaged satellite-derived XCH4 show regionally elevated methane over several methane source regions. In order to obtain methane emissions of these source regions we use a simple and fast data-driven method to estimate annual methane emissions and corresponding 1σ uncertainties directly from maps of annually averaged satellite XCH4. From theoretical considerations we expect that our method tends to underestimate emissions. When applying our method to high-resolution atmospheric methane simulations, we typically find agreement within the uncertainty range of our method (often 100 %) but also find that our method tends to underestimate emissions by typically about 40 %. To what extent these findings are model dependent needs to be assessed. We apply our method to an ensemble of satellite XCH4 data products consisting of two products from SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT and two products from TANSO-FTS/GOSAT covering the time period 2003–2014. We obtain annual emissions of four source areas: Four Corners in the south-western USA, the southern part of Central Valley, California, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan. We find that our estimated emissions are in good agreement with independently derived estimates for Four Corners and Azerbaijan. For the Central Valley and Turkmenistan our estimated annual emissions are higher compared to the EDGAR v4.2 anthropogenic emission inventory. For Turkmenistan we find on average about 50 % higher emissions with our annual emission uncertainty estimates overlapping with the EDGAR emissions. For the region around Bakersfield in the Central Valley we find a factor of 5–8 higher emissions compared to EDGAR, albeit with large uncertainty. Major methane emission sources in this region are oil/gas and livestock. Our findings corroborate recently published studies based on aircraft and satellite measurements and new bottom-up estimates reporting significantly underestimated methane emissions of oil/gas and/or livestock in this area in EDGAR.
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Patyńska, Renata. "Methodology of Estimation of Methane Emissions from Coal Mines in Poland." Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2014-0011.

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Abstract Based on a literature review concerning methane emissions in Poland, it was stated in 2009 that the National Greenhouse Inventory 2007 [13] was published. It was prepared firstly to meet Poland’s obligations resulting from point 3.1 Decision no. 280/2004/WE of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004, concerning a mechanism for monitoring community greenhouse gas emissions and for implementing the Kyoto Protocol and secondly, for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol. The National Greenhouse Inventory states that there are no detailed data concerning methane emissions in collieries in the Polish mining industry. That is why the methane emission in the methane coal mines of Górnośląskie Zagłębie Węglowe - GZW (Upper Silesian Coal Basin - USCB) in Poland was meticulously studied and evaluated. The applied methodology for estimating methane emission from the GZW coal mining system was used for the four basic sources of its emission. Methane emission during the mining and post-mining process. Such an approach resulted from the IPCC guidelines of 2006 [10]. Updating the proposed methods (IPCC2006) of estimating the methane emissions of hard coal mines (active and abandoned ones) in Poland, assumes that the methane emission factor (EF) is calculated based on methane coal mine output and actual values of absolute methane content. The result of verifying the method of estimating methane emission during the mining process for Polish coal mines is the equation of methane emission factor EF.
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8

Oda, Masato, and Nguyen Huu Chiem. "Rice plants reduce methane emissions in high-emitting paddies." F1000Research 7 (June 27, 2019): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15859.2.

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Background: Rice is understood to enhance methane emissions from paddy fields in IPCC guidelines. However, rice actually has two separate functions related to methane: i) emission enhancement, such as by providing emission pathways (aerenchyma) and methanogenetic substrates; and ii) emission suppression by providing oxygen pathways, which suppress methanogenesis or enhance methane oxidation. The overall role of rice is thus determined by the balance between its enhancing and suppressing functions. Although previous studies have suggested that rice enhances total methane emissions, we aimed to demonstrate in high-emitting paddy fields that the overall methane emission is decreased by rice plants. Methods: We compared methane emissions of with and without rice plants in triple cropping rice paddies in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The gas samples are collected using chamber method and ware analyzed by gas chromatography. Results: We found that rice, in fact, suppressed overall methane emissions in high-emitting paddies. The emission reductions increased with the growth of rice to the maximum tillering stage, then decreased after the heading stage, and finally recovered. Discussion: Our result indicates that the overall methane emission by ebullition is larger than the overall emission of rice planted area. In addition, although many studies in standard-emitting paddies have found that the contribution of soil organic matter to methanogenesis is small, our results in high-emitting paddies suggest that methanogenesis depended mainly on soil organic matter accumulated from past crops. The higher the methane emission level, the lower the contribution of the rice-derived substrate; therefore, the role of rice in high-emitting paddies is the opposite to in that of standard-emitting paddies. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that during the growing season, rice is suppressing methane emissions in high-emitting paddies. This means the significance of using the rice variety which has high suppressing performance in high-emitting paddies.
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Johannisson, Jonas, and Michael Hiete. "A Structured Approach for the Mitigation of Natural Methane Emissions—Lessons Learned from Anthropogenic Emissions." C — Journal of Carbon Research 6, no. 2 (April 22, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c6020024.

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Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas. Natural methane emissions represent 35–50% of the global emissions budget. They are identified, measured and categorized, but, in stark contrast to anthropogenic emissions, research on their mitigation is largely absent. To explain this, 18 problems are identified and presented. This includes problems related to the emission characteristics, technological and economic challenges, as well as problems resulting from a missing framework. Consequently, strategies, methods and solutions to solve or circumvent the identified problems are proposed. The framework covers definitions for methane source categorization and for categories of emission types and mitigation approaches. Business cases for methane mitigation are discussed and promising mitigation technologies briefly assessed. The importance to get started with methane mitigation in the different areas is highlighted and avenues for doing so are presented.
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Meng, L., R. Paudel, P. G. M. Hess, and N. M. Mahowald. "Seasonal and interannual variability in wetland methane emissions simulated by CLM4Me' and CAM-chem and comparisons to observations of concentrations." Biogeosciences 12, no. 13 (July 3, 2015): 4029–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4029-2015.

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Abstract. Understanding the temporal and spatial variation of wetland methane emissions is essential to the estimation of the global methane budget. Our goal for this study is three-fold: (i) to evaluate the wetland methane fluxes simulated in two versions of the Community Land Model, the Carbon-Nitrogen (CN; i.e., CLM4.0) and the Biogeochemistry (BGC; i.e., CLM4.5) versions using the methane emission model CLM4Me' so as to determine the sensitivity of the emissions to the underlying carbon model; (ii) to compare the simulated atmospheric methane concentrations to observations, including latitudinal gradients and interannual variability so as to determine the extent to which the atmospheric observations constrain the emissions; (iii) to understand the drivers of seasonal and interannual variability in atmospheric methane concentrations. Simulations of the transport and removal of methane use the Community Atmosphere Model with chemistry (CAM-chem) model in conjunction with CLM4Me' methane emissions from both CN and BGC simulations and other methane emission sources from literature. In each case we compare model-simulated atmospheric methane concentration with observations. In addition, we simulate the atmospheric concentrations based on the TransCom wetland and rice paddy emissions derived from a different terrestrial ecosystem model, Vegetation Integrative Simulator for Trace gases (VISIT). Our analysis indicates CN wetland methane emissions are higher in the tropics and lower at high latitudes than emissions from BGC. In CN, methane emissions decrease from 1993 to 2004 while this trend does not appear in the BGC version. In the CN version, methane emission variations follow satellite-derived inundation wetlands closely. However, they are dissimilar in BGC due to its different carbon cycle. CAM-chem simulations with CLM4Me' methane emissions suggest that both prescribed anthropogenic and predicted wetlands methane emissions contribute substantially to seasonal and interannual variability in atmospheric methane concentration. Simulated atmospheric CH4 concentrations in CAM-chem are highly correlated with observations at most of the 14 measurement stations evaluated with an average correlation between 0.71 and 0.80 depending on the simulation (for the period of 1993–2004 for most stations based on data availability). Our results suggest that different spatial patterns of wetland emissions can have significant impacts on Northern and Southern hemisphere (N–S) atmospheric CH4 concentration gradients and growth rates. This study suggests that both anthropogenic and wetland emissions have significant contributions to seasonal and interannual variations in atmospheric CH4 concentrations. However, our analysis also indicates the existence of large uncertainties in terms of spatial patterns and magnitude of global wetland methane budgets, and that substantial uncertainty comes from the carbon model underlying the methane flux modules.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Methane emissions"

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Dong, Yan. "Reducing methane emissions from ruminant animals." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34756.pdf.

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Wecht, Kevin James. "Quantifying Methane Emissions Using Satellite Observations." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11252.

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Methane is the second most influential anthropogenic greenhouse gas. There are large uncertainties in the magnitudes and trends of methane emissions from different source types and source regions. Satellite observations of methane offer dense spatial coverage unachievable by suborbital observations. This thesis evaluates the capabilities of using satellite observations of atmospheric methane to provide high-resolution constraints on continental scale methane emissions. In doing so, I seek to evaluate the supporting role of suborbital observations, to inform the emission inventories on which policy decisions are based, and to enable inverse modeling of the next generation of satellite observations.
Earth and Planetary Sciences
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Bloom, A. Anthony. "Satellite based estimation of global biogenic methane emissions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10551.

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Atmospheric CH4 is derived from both natural and anthropogenic sources, and the rapid increase in atmospheric CH4 levels over the past two centuries has predominantly been a result of increased anthropogenic emissions. Nonetheless, natural sources have also changed as a result of global change, and quantifying the fluxes of CH4 from these sources, and their associated climatic feedbacks, is of paramount importance. In this thesis I have developed a method to upscale the global CH4 emissions from UV irradiation of foliar pectin (chapter 2). I have quantified the magnitude and distribution of CH4 emissions from wetlands on a global scale and determined the sensitivity of wetlands to temporal changes in water volume and temperature (chapters 3 and 4). Finally I determine that tropical wetland organic matter decomposition on a global scale behaves non-linearly over seasonal timescales. This implies a substantially different seasonality in CH4 emissions from wetlands (chapter 5). I show that (i) satellites such as MODIS and GRACE can be used to improve the understanding of individual CH4 sources and sinks, and (ii) the newly available satellite observations of CH4 can be effectively used for more than constraining atmospheric chemistry and transport model inversions. Moreover, the work shown in this thesis has contributed new biogenic CH4 source estimates, but has also posed new questions which will ultimately help guide new projects in the atmospheric CH4 research area.
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Mäck, Andreas [Verfasser]. "Understanding methane emissions from impounded rivers - a process-based approach to quantify methane emission rates in space and time / Andreas Mäck." Landau : Universitätsbibliothek Landau, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049565347/34.

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5

Gauci, Vincent. "Acid rain links to CH4 emissions from wetlands." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://oro.open.ac.uk/58051/.

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A variety of approaches, spanning a range of spatial and temporal scales, were applied to the investigation of the effects of low dose SO42- deposition, at rates comparable to those experienced in acid rain impacted areas, on methane (CH4) emissions from natural wetlands. Over two years of experimental manipulation of SO42- deposition to a peatland in northeast Scotland, CH4 emissions were suppressed by around 40%. There was no significant difference in suppression of CH4 flux within the sol- deposition range of 25-100 kg-S ha-1yr-1. In a similar short-term controlled environment SO42- manipulation experiment, the suppressive effect of SO42- was found to be independent of the simulated SO42- deposition rate within a range of 15-100 kg-S ha-1yr-1. The possibility that suppression of CH4 fluxes may have been the result of a 'salt effect' was ruled out. Both temperature and water table controlled the extent of CH4 flux suppression in acid rain impacted wetlands. Sulfate reduction potential in SO42- treatments were found to be 10 times larger than in control plots, suggesting that long-term suppression of CH4 fluxes is the result of the formation of an enlarged population of competitively superior sulfate reducing bacteria. SO42- concentrations were smaller in peat pore water from SO42- treatments than from controls. This is possibly the result of a stimulated SO42- reducing community scavenging available SO42-, thereby decreasing concentrations to below ambient levels. In northern peatlands (>50°) the effect of SO42- deposition at 1990 rates may have been sufficient to reduce emissions from these systems by around 15% annually. Globally, the effect of acid rain SO42- deposition may be sufficient to reduce CH4 emissions by as much as 22-28 Tg by 2030, which places this interaction within the same size category as many other components of the global CH4 budget that have received far greater attention.
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Street, Rachel Anna. "Emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons from three forest ecosystems." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260959.

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Stamp, Imelda. "Methane emissions variability from a Welsh patterned raised bog." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1284.

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This work investigated the variability of CH4 emissions from a Welsh raised bog Cors Fochno and evaluated the role of ebullition as a mechanism of CH4 flux to the atmosphere. Between 31st March 2008 and 20th March 2009, CH4 fluxes were measured weekly/biweekly from four microform-types - mud-bottomed hollow, hummock, sedge lawn and Sphagnum lawn. CH4 fluxes (measured using flux-chambers) ranged from -8.9 190.1 mg m-2 d-1 (n = 505). The abundance of two key species Rhynchospora alba and Sphagnum moss - was most relevant for describing spatial variation in annual CH4 emissions (best fit model r2 = 0.68, p < 0.001). A combination of air temperature, rainfall, barometric pressure and solar radiation variables produced the best fit model of temporal variation of CH4 flux (r2 = 0.29, p < 0.001). Winter emissions represented 9.4% of the annual CH4 budget of the peat dome. CH4 ebullition fluxes to 28 funnel-traps were measured weekly between 28th May and 12th September 2009. Daily averaged rates of CH4 ebullition ranged from -1.0 784.5 mg CH4 m-2 d-1 (n = 414). Based on assumed rates of methanotrophic processing, CH4 ebullition flux to the water table was entirely consumed before reaching the atmosphere in only one week of the season. In the remaining 15 weeks it was estimated that between 5% and 81% of CH4 ebullition would have escaped to the atmosphere. Ebullition was shown to be an important transport mechanism of CH4 flux from Cors Fochno during the season, accounting for an estimated 7 - 36% of CH4 emissions. Large changes in barometric pressure appeared to be important drivers of ebullition in some microforms. However, air temperature was the most widely-important predictor of temporal variation of ebullition fluxes during the season and during two low pressure events.
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Miller, Scot M. "Emissions of Nitrous Oxide and Methane in North America." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467371.

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Methane (CH_4) and nitrous oxide (N_2O) are the second- and third-most important long-lived greenhouse gas species after carbon dioxide (CO_2) in terms of radiative forcing. This thesis describes the magnitude, spatial distribution, and seasonality of N_2O and CH_4 sources over North America using atmospheric data. We also investigate the environmental drivers and/or anthropogenic source sectors that can explain these emissions patterns. Overall, this thesis provides information on the magnitude, distribution, and likely drivers of greenhouse gas emissions to aid existing or future climate change mitigation policies in the US and Canada. We estimate anthropogenic N_2O and CH_4 emissions that greatly exceed most existing inventory estimates. Our US budgets for N_2O and CH_4 are approximately 2.8 and 1.5 times higher, respectively, than inventory estimates from the US EPA. Much of the discrepancy in methane appears to stem from oil and natural gas industry and agricultural emissions. In contrast, we estimate natural CH_4 sources that are smaller than most existing process-based biogeochemical models. These estimated fluxes have a spatial distribution centered around the Hudson Bay Lowlands. Most existing models estimate fluxes that are far more spatially distributed across the Canadian shield. These estimates provide negative information on the spatial distribution of fluxes relative to a spatially-constant model. We find that a simple model using only three environmental variables can describe flux patterns (as seen by the atmospheric observations) as well as any process-based estimate.
Earth and Planetary Sciences
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9

Guarrieloo, Nicholas. "DETERMINING EMISSIONS FROM LANDFILLS AND CREATING ODOR BUFFER DISTANCES." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2861.

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With population growing every year, more and more people are looking for places to live. This can lead to construction of houses near and around landfills. As homes get closer to landfills, the odors these landfills produce become more of a problem, and lead to an increase in odor complaints. Modeling these odors and recommending odor buffer distances will help determine limits on how close to landfills new homes should be allowed. This should help reduce future odor complaints. To solve this problem one must accurately estimate odorous gas emissions from the landfill. Often odors can be indicated by methane emissions. A new technique using hundreds of ambient VOC concentrations, which are taken from landfills on a quarterly basis, was used to invert and solve the Gaussian dispersion equation for methane emissions. In this technique, Voronoi diagram theory was used to automatically locate numerous point sources for optimal positioning relative to receptors. The newly solved methane emission rates can now be input into a dispersion model, and the resulting methane concentrations used as surrogates for odors around the landfill. One of the most important steps in the analysis is to determine which model is best to use for odor modeling. There are many considerations that go into this decision, such as how much time it takes to run the model, how accurate the model is, and how easy the model is to use. Two current models CALPUFF and AERMOD were compared. In the modeling, methane was used as a surrogate for the odors. Since landfills handle many different combinations of waste, the type of odor may vary from landfill to landfill. In this test case, H2S was assumed to be the main contributor to the odor emitted from the landfill, and the H2S-to-methane ratio was used to estimate downwind H2S concentrations from the modeled methane concentrations. Once an air dispersion model is selected, it can be used to model odors and to develop a graphical screening method to show where these odors are most likely to occur and how strong they will be. This can be used to determine how close to a landfill homes can be built without having significant odor impacts bothering these new residents. Also, this tool can be used for improving landfill gas management. Several example scenarios include the possibility of not enough soil cover placed on the waste, leaks from an aging collection system, or cracks in the collection piping created by the settling of waste.
M.S.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environment Engr Sciences MS
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10

Subak, Susan Elizabeth. "Methane policy perspectives : towards improved emissions estimation, projection and control." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318093.

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Books on the topic "Methane emissions"

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Wassmann, Reiner, Rhoda S. Lantin, and Heinz-Ulrich Neue, eds. Methane Emissions from Major Rice Ecosystems in Asia. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0898-3.

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Leng, R. A. Improving ruminant production and reducing methane emissions from ruminants by strategic supplementation. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Radiation, 1991.

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3

Barcella, Mary L. Mismeasuring methane: Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from upstream natural gas development. Cambridge, MA: CERA, 2011.

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4

Ulery, J. P. Explosion hazards from methane emissions related to geologic features in coal mines. Pittsburgh, PA: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, 2008.

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Jenish, Greg. Methane, climate change, and waste management : a review of efforts by Toronto, Ontario, and Canada to reduce waste related emissions of methane. Toronto, Ontario: Canadian Institute for Environmental Law and Policy, 1997.

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Barns, David W. An evaluation of the relationship between the production and use of energy and atmospheric methane emissions. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1990.

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Jaques, A. P. Trends in Canada's greenhouse gas emissions (1990-1995). Ottawa: Air Pollution Prevention Directorate, Pollution Data Branch, Environment Canada, 1997.

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Jaques, A. P. Trends in Canada's greenhouse gas emissions (1990-1995). Ottawa: Air Pollution Prevention Directorate, Pollution Data Branch, Environment Canada, 1997.

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Canada. Air Pollution Prevention Directorate. Environment Canada. Trends in Canada's greenhouse gas emissions (1990-1995). Ottawa: Environment Canada., 1997.

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Pascale, Collas, Olsen K, Canada Environment Canada, and Canada. Air Pollution Prevention Directorate., eds. Canada's greenhouse gas inventory: 1997 emissions and removals with trends. [Ottawa]: Environment Canada, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Methane emissions"

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Shearer, M. J., and M. A. K. Khalil. "Rice Agriculture: Emissions." In Atmospheric Methane, 170–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04145-1_10.

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Neue, H. U., and P. A. Roger. "Rice Agriculture: Factors Controlling Emissions." In Atmospheric Methane, 134–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04145-1_9.

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Zaman, M., K. Kleineidam, L. Bakken, J. Berendt, C. Bracken, K. Butterbach-Bahl, Z. Cai, et al. "Methane Production in Ruminant Animals." In Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques, 177–211. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_6.

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AbstractAgriculture is a significant source of GHGsglobally and ruminant livestock animals are one of the largest contributors to these emissions, responsible for an estimated 14% of GHGs (CH4and N2O combined) worldwide. A large portion of GHG fluxes from agricultural activities is related to CH4 emissions from ruminants. Both direct and indirect methods are available. Direct methods include enclosure techniques, artificial (e.g. SF6) or natural (e.g. CO2) tracer techniques, and micrometeorological methods using open-path lasers. Under the indirect methods, emission mechanisms are understood, where the CH4 emission potential is estimated based on the substrate characteristics and the digestibility (i.e. from volatile fatty acids). These approximate methods are useful if no direct measurement is possible. The different systems used to quantify these emission potentials are presented in this chapter. Also, CH4 from animal waste (slurry, urine, dung) is an important source: methods pertaining to measuring GHG potential from these sources are included.
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Lassey, K. R., N. R. Gimson, D. S. Wratt, G. W. Brailsford, and A. M. Bromley. "Verifying agricultural emissions of methane." In Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Scientific Understanding, Control and Implementation, 107–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9343-4_8.

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Boeckx, Pascal, and Oswald Van Cleemput. "Methane Oxidation in Landfill Cover Soils." In Trace Gas Emissions and Plants, 197–213. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3571-1_9.

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Wallace, James S. "Emissions and Efficiency of Turbocharged Lean-Burn Hydrogen-Supplemented Natural Gas Fueled Engines." In Enriched Methane, 147–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22192-2_9.

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Shearer, M. J., and M. A. K. Khalil. "Rice Agriculture: Emissions." In Atmospheric Methane: Sources, Sinks, and Role in Global Change, 230–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84605-2_12.

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Wassmann, Reiner, and Christopher Martius. "Methane Emissions from the Amazon Floodplain." In Ecological Studies, 137–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03416-3_7.

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Law, V. J., N. L. Johnson, A. Oyefodun, and S. K. Bhattacharya. "Modeling Methane Emissions from Rice Soils." In Computer Techniques in Environmental Studies IV, 161–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1874-3_11.

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Abril, Gwenaël, and Alberto Vieira Borges. "Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions from Estuaries." In Greenhouse Gas Emissions — Fluxes and Processes, 187–207. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-26643-3_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Methane emissions"

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Blank, David A. "CNG/Methane-Combustion in a Homogeneous-Combustion Radical-Ignition D.I. Diesel Engine." In 2007 Fuels and Emissions Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0047.

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Schievelbein, Vernon H. "Reducing Methane Emissions from Glycol Dehydrators." In SPE/EPA Exploration and Production Environmental Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/37929-ms.

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Zervas, Efthimios, and Eleni Panousi. "Exhaust Methane Emissions from Passenger Cars." In SAE 2010 Powertrains Fuels & Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-2224.

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Dawn Sedorovich Chianese, C Alan Rotz, and Tom L Richard. "Simulating Methane Emissions from Dairy Farms." In 2008 Providence, Rhode Island, June 29 - July 2, 2008. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24640.

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Alavandi, S. K., and A. K. Agrawal. "Lean Premixed Combustion of Methane and Hydrogen-Enriched Methane Using Porous Inert Media." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53231.

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This paper presents an experimental investigation on lean premixed combustion of methane and hydrogen-enriched methane. The combustion was stabilized on the surface of a porous inert media made of silicon-carbide coated carbon core with 4 pores per centimeter. Experiments were conducted using commercial grade methane (99% purity) and a mixture of 70% methane and 30% hydrogen, by volume. Measurements of NOx and CO emissions were taken for a range of airflow rates and adiabatic flame temperatures. The combustor turndown ratio was varied by a factor of 6. Emission characteristics were compared for a given adiabatic flame temperature, representing energy input to the combustor. Results show lower CO emissions and extended lean blow off limit when hydrogen was added to the methane fuel.
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Garceau, Sean, Amar Jawalkar, Ryan McKennon, Christopher Moffatt, Anthony Pocengal, and Michella Thomas. "Methane Emissions Reduction Solutions: Product Development and Standardization." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15758.

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Abstract The Oil & Gas industry and environmental agencies around the world are working to find solutions to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A comprehensive study by the US EPA found that emissions from compressor stations, blow down and purge, accounted for 97.7 Bscf or just over 31% of the total methane emissions attributed to the Natural Gas industry. [1] With methane (CH4) having 25 times the impact on global warming compared to carbon dioxide (CO2), and global legislation like the Regulations Respecting Reduction in the Release of Methane and Certain Volatile Organic Compounds Upstream Oil and Gas Sector (or also called Canadian Methane Rule) and regional methane reduction regulations, developing solutions to further mitigate methane emissions from process gas vents and centrifugal gas compressor seals becomes necessary as the industry moves towards near-zero targets. This paper addresses the design requirements and selection of a process gas vent recapture system and primary dry seal vent recapture system. In addition, this paper will review the design consideration during the design phase to the data collected during site operation.
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Siebenaler, Shane P., Adam M. Janka, David Lyon, John P. Edlebeck, and Aileen E. Nowlan. "Methane Detectors Challenge: Low-Cost Continuous Emissions Monitoring." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64670.

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Natural gas leakage from unmanned facilities, such as compressor stations, gathering sites, and block valve locations, can pose significant economic and safety impacts. Additionally, methane, the primary constituent of natural gas, is a powerful greenhouse gas with 84 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide on a mass basis over a 20-year period (IPCC 2013). Due to the remote location of many of these facilities, fluid leaks can persist for extended periods of time. Continuous leak detection systems would facilitate rapid identification and repair of leaks. However, existing technologies, such as infrared cameras, are cost-prohibitive to be installed at a high number of sites and are instead used in periodic monitoring as part of leak detection and repair programs. Such periodic monitoring does not provide for quick detection of “fat tail” leaks that dominate the emissions from gathering and transportation systems (Mitchell et al. 2015, Subramanian et al. 2015). A unique and innovative arrangement of various stakeholders was utilized to initiate a technology development and testing program aimed at expedited deployment of low-cost technologies at high numbers of sites. The technologies targeted for this work were low enough in cost to economically justify the installation of such sensors at every gas gathering and transportation site. This work was driven by an environmental advocacy organization under a partnership with eight different oil and gas companies and technical oversight from various universities, non-profits, and government agencies to give a wide perspective on the needs of such technology. Four different technologies were developed and tested in realistic release environments. The technologies ranged from sensors modified from automobile-based technology to laser-based systems used for monitoring gases in coal mines. The systems were treated as “end-to-end” units whereby all components (e.g., sensor, data acquisition, enclosures, etc.) needed to perform according to the provided specifications. The testing involved controlled releases under numerous environmental conditions and with different gas compositions. The largest focus of the testing was on outdoor releases where the systems had to detect the transient nature of gas plumes. The primary objectives of the testing were to determine the readiness of the technologies for pilot testing in the field and identify continuous improvement opportunities. The project demonstrated that there are newly-developed technologies that could be deployed as low-cost continuous monitoring solutions for the gas industry.
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Kormi, Tarek, Nizar Bel Hadj Ali, Tarek Abichou, and Roger Green. "Estimation of Landfill Methane Emissions Using Stochastic Search." In Geo-Chicago 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480144.014.

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M.A. Hilhorst., H.C. Willers, C.M. Groenestein, and G.J. Monteny. "Effective Strategies to Reduce Methane Emissions from Livestock." In 2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.4348.

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Czechowska-Kosacka, A., and W. Cel. "Methane emissions and the possibility of its mitigation." In The Fifth National Congress of Environmental Engineering. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315281971-32.

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Reports on the topic "Methane emissions"

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Le Fevre, Chris. Methane Emissions. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26889/9781784670887.

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Skone, Timothy J. Coal Mine Methane Emissions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509012.

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Meyer, J. L., and R. A. Jr Burke. Methane emissions from natural wetlands. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10102626.

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Hellstedt, Cajsa, Jenny Cerruto, Maria Nilsson, and Michael McCann. Nordic initiatives to abate methane emissions. Nordic Council of Ministers, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/anp2014-741.

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Megonigal, Patrick, and Scott Pitz. Cryptic Methane Emissions from Upland Forest Ecosystems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1248029.

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Fukui, Yoshiko, and P. V. Doskey. Emissions of non-methane organic compounds from a grassland site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/207446.

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Skone, Timothy J., and James Littlefield. Life Cycle Analysis of ONE Future's Supply Chain Methane Emissions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1513821.

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Zimmerle, Daniel, Kristine Bennett, Timothy Vaughn, Ben Luck, Terri Lauderdale, Kindal Keen, Matthew Harrison, Anthony Marchese, Laurie Williams, and David Allen. Charactierization of Methane Emissions from Gathering Compressor Stations: Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1506681.

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Safta, Cosmin, Ray Bambha, and Hope Michelsen. Estimating Regional Methane Emissions Through Atmospheric Measurements and Inverse Modeling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1569345.

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Sithole, Alec. Feedbacks of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice Agriculture. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.43.

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