Journal articles on the topic 'Methamphetamine'
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Kenney, MD, Connor, Julie Rizzo, Elsa Coates, Maria Serio-Melvin, James Aden, Kevin Foster, Kareem AbdelFattah, Tam Pham, and Jose Salinas. "701 Impact of Alcohol and Methamphetamine Use on Burn Resuscitation." Journal of Burn Care & Research 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2023): S126—S127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irad045.176.
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Abstract Introduction Mortality associated with burn injuries is declining with improved critical care, including resuscitation. However, patients admitted with concurrent substance use have increased risk of complications and poor outcomes. The impact of alcohol and methamphetamine use on acute burn resuscitation has been described in single center studies, however, has not been studied since implementation of computerized decision support for resuscitation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate resuscitation volumes for patients with alcohol and methamphetamine use within a large prospective observational trial at 5 major US burn centers. Methods We performed an observational trial across five institutions with > 20% total body surface area (TBSA) burn, weighing >40kg that were resuscitated utilizing computerized decision support. Patients were evaluated based presence of alcohol, with a minimum blood alcohol level of 0.10, or positive methamphetamines on urine drug screen. Fluid volumes and urine output were examined over 48 hours and Wilcoxon Method was utilized to compare patient groups. Results A total of 296 patients were analyzed. 37 (12.5%) were positive for methamphetamine use, 50 (16.9%) were positive for alcohol use, and 209 (70.1%) with negative for both. Patients positive for methamphetamine received a mean of 5.30 ±2.63 cc/kg/TBSA, patients positive for alcohol received a mean of 5.41 ± 2.49 cc/kg/TBSA, and patients with neither received a mean 4.33 ± 1.79 cc/kg/TBSA. Patients with methamphetamine or alcohol use had significantly higher fluid requirements than those who were negative for both substances. In the first 6 hours patients with alcohol use had significantly higher urinary output in comparison to patients with methamphetamine use which had similar output to patients negative for both substances. Conclusions This study demonstrated that patients with alcohol and methamphetamine use had statistically significantly larger fluid resuscitation requirements compared to patients without. The effects of alcohol as a diuretic align with previous literature. However, patients with methamphetamine lack the increased urinary output as a cause for their increased fluid requirements. Methamphetamine’s neurologic and cardiovascular effects due to increased release of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine are known. Further investigation is required to better understand the mechanism underlying the need for increased resuscitation after burn injury in patients positive for methamphetamines. Applicability of Research to Practice The impact of alcohol and illicit substances on burn care, especially during the initial resuscitation, aids providers in guiding early critical care.
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Faucett, Erynne A., Katherine M. Marsh, Kayven Farshad, Audrey B. Erman, and Alexander G. Chiu. "Maxillary Sinus Manifestations of Methamphetamine Abuse." Allergy & Rhinology 6, no. 1 (January 2015): ar.2015.6.0106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ar.2015.6.0106.
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Methamphetamines are the second most commonly used illicit drug worldwide and cost the United States health-care system ~$23.4 billion annually. Use of this drug affects multiple organ systems and causes a variety of clinical manifestations. Although there are commonly known sequelae of methamphetamine abuse such as “meth mouth,” there is limited evidence regarding maxillary sinus manifestations. The following cases highlight the initial evaluation and management of two methamphetamine abusers with loculated purulent collections within the maxillary sinus as a result of methamphetamine abuse. Our aim was to delineate the otolaryngologic symptoms associated with the patients' methamphetamine abuse. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed loculated purulent collections within the maxillary sinus of probable odontogenic origin in both patients. Methamphetamine abuse leading to rampant caries and poor oral hygiene may predispose individuals for craniofacial infections and fluid collections. These cases illustrate the development of maxillary sinusitis and maxilla mucoceles that have been associated with methamphetamine use.
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I, Younes, Elkattawy S, Noori M, and Posimreddy S. "Methamphetamine Induced Cardiomyopathy." Journal of Health Care and Research 1, no. 2 (June 2, 2020): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2020/hcr.6165.
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Unfortunately, 35 million people worldwide suffer from drug use disorder while only one in seven people receive treatment. The health impacts combined with the socioeconomic burden of drug abuse are too numerous to count. It is well known that all organ systems are adversely affected by drug use including but not limited to the cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, and renal. We will focus our attention on the effects of Methamphetamines on the cardiovascular system. Methamphetamines are known to be highly addictive stimulants with significant cardiovascular implications. We have gathered information from the literature available on methamphetamine-associated cardiomyopathy (MACM) and will discuss a case of a 58-year-old male, with no past medical history, who presented with dyspnea secondary to MACM.
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Hendrix, Joshua A., and Cindy Brooks Dollar. "American Slaughterhouses and the Need for Speed: An Examination of the Meatpacking-Methamphetamine Hypothesis." Organization & Environment 31, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1086026617697038.
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In Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser argues that slaughterhouse workers use methamphetamines to manage the harsh physical and emotional demands of the meatpacking industry. Similar ideas have been raised elsewhere; however, empirical tests of this hypothesis are in short supply. In this article, we elaborate on theoretical mechanisms that may explain why the meatpacking industry encourages methamphetamine use and provide a macro-level test of the meatpacking–methamphetamine hypothesis using 11 years (2001-2012) of hospital admission data and information from annual livestock slaughter reports. Decomposition modeling is used to examine variations across states and within states over time. Results show only modest support for the hypothesis. Specifically, a combined measure of meat is positively and statistically significantly associated with methamphetamine use both within and across states. However, the relationships are not consistently positive or statistically significant across all types of meat. In other words, the meatpacking–methamphetamine relationship is varying and complex.
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Agustin, Michael, Gabriel David, Ji Yeong Kang, and Ornusa Teerasukjinda. "Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum and Diffuse Subcutaneous Emphysema after Methamphetamine Inhalation." Case Reports in Pulmonology 2020 (March 7, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7538748.
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Methamphetamines are commonly abused drugs for their stimulant and euphoric effects. Inhaled and intravenous use may cause damage to the respiratory system. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a condition where changes in intrathoracic pressure leads to alveolar rupture and dissection of air along the tracheobronchial tree. Massive subcutaneous emphysema may result from pneumomediastinum which may compromise the central airway. In this case report, we present an unusual case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and severe subcutaneous emphysema following inhalation of methamphetamine. This case emphasizes the rising concern on the acute respiratory complications of methamphetamine use.
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Khosravi, Navid, Anahita Babaei, Hanieh Azizi, and Hamidreza Samaee. "Vasculitis, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Associated With Methamphetamine Intoxication: A Case Report." International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine 11, no. 4 (January 3, 2022): 32864. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v11i4.32864.
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Amphetamines and methamphetamines are two groups of substance whose use are increasing globally. Methamphetamines poisoning may develop different sympathetic symptoms; however, developing some complications, such as vasculitis, central nervous system involvement, and kidney injury. In this study, we report a case of methamphetamine poisoning that presented with loss of consciousness and developed Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP), Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC), and pulmonary pseud vasculitis
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Zhao, Yuan-Ling, Wei Zhao, Ming Liu, Lian Liu, and Yun Wang. "TBHQ-Overview of Multiple Mechanisms against Oxidative Stress for Attenuating Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (November 27, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8874304.
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Methamphetamine is a derivative of amphetamines, a highly addictive central stimulant with multiple systemic toxicity including the brain, heart, liver, lung, and spleen. It has adverse effects such as apoptosis and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. Methamphetamine is a fatal and toxic chemical substance, and its lethal mechanism has been widely studied in recent years. The possible mechanism is that methamphetamine can cause cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity mainly by inducing oxidative stress so as to generate heat, eliminate people’s hunger and thirst, and maintain a state of excitement so that people can continue to exercise. According to many research, there is no doubt that methamphetamine triggers neurotoxicity by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and redox imbalance. This review summarized the mechanisms of methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity including apoptosis and blood-brain barrier breakdown through oxidative stress and analyzed several possible antioxidative mechanisms of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) which is a kind of food additive with antioxidative effects. As a nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) agonist, TBHQ may inhibit neurotoxicity caused by oxidative stress through the following three mechanisms: the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase system, the astrocytes activation, and the glutathione pathway. The mechanism about methamphetamine’s toxic effects and its antioxidative therapeutic drugs would become a research hotspot in this field and has very important research significance.
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Edwards, Alexandra Marie, Eric Gregory Johnson, and Andrew C. Bernard. "Intraoperative vasopressor use during emergency surgery on injured meth users." Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open 5, no. 1 (November 2020): e000553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2020-000553.
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BackgroundMethamphetamine is a growing drug of abuse in America. Patients with recent methamphetamine use pose potential complications to general anesthesia due to changes in hemodynamics and arrhythmias. Limited data exists on the incidence of intraoperative complications on methamphetamine-intoxicated patients requiring urgent or emergent trauma surgery. This study aims to describe intraoperative complications observed in methamphetamine and amphetamine-intoxicated patients requiring emergent surgery.MethodsUsing the Trauma Registry at our ACS-verified level I trauma center, we completed a single-center, descriptive, retrospective cohort review between July 1, 2012 and June 30, 2016, of adult patients requiring emergent surgery with a positive urine-drug screen for methamphetamines or amphetamines. The objective was to evaluate vasopressor utilization during surgical operation.ResultsA total of 92 patients were identified with a positive UDS for amphetamine and/or methamphetamine who went to the operating room within 24 hours of admission. Thirty-two (34%) patients received one or more (≥1) doses of vasopressor, while 60 patients (66%) received no vasopressor. Changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) were noted in 64%, while only 3% experienced an EKG change. A binomial logistic regression showed age, base deficit and change in MAP to be predictive of vasopressor use (p<0.002). No intraoperative cardiac events or anesthetic complications were seen.DiscussionHemodynamic instability in the amphetamine and methamphetamine-intoxicated population may be more directly related to degree of resuscitation required, than the presence of a positive UDS.Level of evidenceIV
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Safdari, Keyvan M., Curtis Converse, Fanglong Dong, Nickolas Alan MacDougall, Kevin Hyer, Alec Runyon, Haley Ahlering, and Mark E. Comunale. "Hemodynamic Effects of Methamphetamine and General Anesthesia." Anesthesiology Research and Practice 2022 (February 17, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7542311.
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Study Objective. In our practice, we deal with a significant number of patients who require general anesthesia for elective or semielective surgeries and are positive for illicit methamphetamine. We sought to examine our clinical impression that these patients become hemodynamically unstable under general anesthesia. Design. A retrospective analysis of all anesthetic records at our institution over a two-year period was performed. Setting. Operating room cases under balanced anesthesia. Patients. All patients with ASA class I or II, who did not have trauma or were initially admitted to ICU, aged 18–65, without preexisting cardiac, renal, or pulmonary disease. Patients were divided into three groups: those acutely positive for methamphetamine within 48 hours of surgery (n = 137), those positive for methamphetamine between 48 hours and 7 days of surgery (n = 69), and randomly selected controls who were negative for methamphetamine within 7 days of surgery (n = 159). Measurements. Intraoperative hemodynamic instability was defined as either a drop of more than 40% in MAP for greater than 5 minutes or requirement for significant amount of vasopressors. Main Results. Among the patients who were acutely positive for methamphetamine within 24 hours, 31.4% met the criteria for hemodynamic instability within the first hour of general anesthesia, compared to 26.1% of the subacutely positive patients and 6.3% of controls ( p < 0.0001 ). This was despite lower doses of anesthetic medications in the acutely and subacutely positive groups. Conclusion. Patients who present to the operating room with a positive urine drug screen for amphetamines within 2 days of surgery are at increased risk of hemodynamic instability. Postponing surgery up to 7 days somewhat decreases this risk, but not to the levels of patients who do not use methamphetamines.
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Rogers, Jeffrey M., Jennifer E. Iudicello, Maria Cecilia G. Marcondes, Erin E. Morgan, Mariana Cherner, Ronald J. Ellis, Scott L. Letendre, Robert K. Heaton, and Igor Grant. "The Combined Effects of Cannabis, Methamphetamine, and HIV on Neurocognition." Viruses 15, no. 3 (March 3, 2023): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15030674.
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Objective: Methamphetamine and cannabis are two widely used substances among people living with HIV (PLWH). Whereas methamphetamine use has been found to worsen HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment, the effects of combined cannabis and methamphetamine use disorder on neurocognition in PLWH are not understood. In the present study, we aimed to determine the influence of these substance use disorders on neurocognition in PLWH and to explore if methamphetamine-cannabis effects interacted with HIV status. Method and Participants: After completing a comprehensive neurobehavioral assessment, PLWH (n = 472) were stratified by lifetime methamphetamine (M−/M+) and cannabis (C−/C+) DSM-IV abuse/dependence disorder into four groups: M−C− (n = 187), M−C+ (n = 68), M+C−, (n = 82), and M+C+ (n = 135). Group differences in global and domain neurocognitive performances and impairment were examined using multiple linear and logistic regression, respectively, while holding constant other covariates that were associated with study groups and/or cognition. Data from participants without HIV (n = 423) were added, and mixed-effect models were used to examine possible interactions between HIV and substance use disorders on neurocognition. Results: Compared with M+C+, M+C− performed worse on measures of executive functions, learning, memory, and working memory and were more likely to be classified as impaired in those domains. M−C− performed better than M+C+ on measures of learning and memory but worse than M−C+ on measures of executive functions, learning, memory, and working memory. Detectable plasma HIV RNA and nadir CD4 < 200 were associated with lower overall neurocognitive performance, and these effects were greater for M+C+ compared with M−C−. Conclusions: In PLWH, lifetime methamphetamine use disorder and both current and legacy markers of HIV disease severity are associated with worse neurocognitive outcomes. There was no evidence of an HIV × M+ interaction across groups, but neurocognition was most impacted by HIV among those with polysubstance use disorder (M+C+). Better performance by C+ groups is consistent with findings from preclinical studies that cannabis use may protect against methamphetamine’s deleterious effects.
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Chen, Shubao, Shucai Huang, Cheng Yang, Weifu Cai, Hongxian Chen, Wei Hao, Tieqiao Liu, Xuyi Wang, Patrick D. Worhunsky, and Marc N. Potenza. "Neurofunctional Differences Related to Methamphetamine and Sexual Cues in Men With Shorter and Longer Term Abstinence Methamphetamine Dependence." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 23, no. 3 (December 24, 2019): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyz069.
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Abstract Background Stimulant use and sexual behaviors have been linked in behavioral and epidemiological studies. Although methamphetamine-related neurofunctional differences have been investigated, few studies have examined neural responses to drug and sexual cues with respect to shorter or longer term methamphetamine abstinence in individuals with methamphetamine dependence. Methods Forty-nine men with shorter term methamphetamine abstinence, 50 men with longer term methamphetamine abstinence, and 47 non–drug-using healthy comparison men completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging cue-reactivity task consisting of methamphetamine, sexual, and neutral visual cues. Results Region-of-interest analyses revealed greater methamphetamine cue–related activation in shorter term methamphetamine abstinence and longer term methamphetamine abstinence individuals relative to healthy comparison men in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. A significant interaction of group and condition in the anterior insula was found. Relative to healthy comparison participants, both shorter term methamphetamine abstinence and longer term methamphetamine abstinence groups displayed greater sexual cue–related anterior insula activation relative to methamphetamine cues and neutral cues, but there were no differences between shorter term methamphetamine abstinence and longer term methamphetamine abstinence groups in anterior insula responses. Subsequent whole-brain analyses indicated a group-by-condition interaction with longer term methamphetamine abstinence participants showing greater sexual-related activation in the left superior frontal cortex relative to healthy comparison men. Shorter term methamphetamine abstinence participants showed greater superior frontal cortex activation to sexual relative to neutral cues, and longer term methamphetamine abstinence participants showed greater superior frontal cortex activation to sexual relative to neutral and methamphetamine cues. Conclusions The findings suggest that abstinence from methamphetamine may alter how individuals respond to drug and sexual cues and thus may influence drug use and sexual behaviors. Given the use of methamphetamine for sexual purposes and responses to natural vs drug rewards for addiction recovery, the findings may have particular clinical relevance.
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Turkyilmaz, Ilser. "Oral Manifestations of “Meth Mouth”: A Case Report." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 11, no. 1 (January 2010): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-11-1-73.
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Abstract Aim The aim of the documentation of this clinical case is to make clinicians aware of “meth mouth” and the medical risks associated with this serious condition. Background Methamphetamine is a very addictive, powerful stimulant that increases wakefulness and physical activity and can produce other effects such as cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertension, hallucinations, and violent behavior. Dental patients abusing methamphetamine can present with poor oral hygiene, xerostomia, rampant caries (“meth mouth”), and excessive tooth wear. Oral rehabilitation of patients using methamphetamine can be challenging. Case Description A 30-year-old Caucasian woman presented with dental pain, bad breath, and self-reported poor esthetics. A comprehensive examination including her medical history, panoramic radiograph, and intraoral examination revealed 19 carious lesions, which is not very common for a healthy adult. She reported her use of methamphetamine for five years and had not experienced any major carious episodes before she started using the drug. Summary The patient's medical and dental histories along with radiographic and clinical findings lead to a diagnosis of “meth mouth.” Although three different dental treatment modalities (either conventional or implantsupported) have been offered to the patient since August 2007, the patient has yet to initiate any treatment. Clinical Significance This clinical case showing oral manifestations of meth mouth was presented to help dental practitioners recognize and manage patients who may be abusing methamphetamines. Dental practitioners also may be skeptical about the reliability of appointment keeping by these patients, as they frequently miss their appointments without reasonable justification. Citation Turkyilmaz I. Oral Manifestations of “Meth Mouth”: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 Jan; 11(1):073-080. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/ view/volume11-issue1-turkyilmaz.
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Jatuten, Prompiriya, Tawachai Monum, Yutti Amornlertwatana, and Churdsak Jaikang. "Cardiopathology in Methamphetamine Poisoning-Related Deaths in Chiang Mai Thailand." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 18, no. 3 (July 10, 2024): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/2cya1962.
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Background: Blood Methamphetamine levels have been utilized to assess methamphetamine exposure and its toxicity. Heart is a major target organ of methamphetamine intoxication. In some autopsy cases heart pathologies have been revealed at low level of methamphetamine and extensively to be understand a relationship between the blood methamphetamine level and heart pathology. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between blood methamphetamine level and heart pathology by using postmortem cases. Methodology: One hundred and twenty medico-legal cases were included and blood methamphetamine or amphetamine levels in whole blood along with heart pathological finding were determined. Results: Coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial fiber hypertrophy, and fibrosis of the left ventricular myocardium were highly frequency findings in methamphetamine intoxication. Interestingly, forensic cases revealed myocardial fiber hypertrophy in chronic methamphetamine users. Conclusion: The levels of methamphetamine and amphetamine associated with myocarditis, cardiomyopathy and dystrophic calcification mitral valve. Evaluation of methamphetamine and amphetamine levels are key biomarkers for predicting the seriousness of heart-related pathological conditions.
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Avchalumov, Yosef, Wulfran Trenet, Juan Piña-Crespo, and Chitra Mandyam. "SCH23390 Reduces Methamphetamine Self-Administration and Prevents Methamphetamine-Induced Striatal LTD." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (September 5, 2020): 6491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186491.
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Extended-access methamphetamine self-administration results in unregulated intake of the drug; however, the role of dorsal striatal dopamine D1-like receptors (D1Rs) in the reinforcing properties of methamphetamine under extended-access conditions is unclear. Acute (ex vivo) and chronic (in vivo) methamphetamine exposure induces neuroplastic changes in the dorsal striatum, a critical region implicated in instrumental learning. For example, methamphetamine exposure alters high-frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced long-term depression in the dorsal striatum; however, the effect of methamphetamine on HFS-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dorsal striatum is unknown. In the current study, dorsal striatal infusion of SCH23390, a D1R antagonist, prior to extended-access methamphetamine self-administration reduced methamphetamine addiction-like behavior. Reduced behavior was associated with reduced expression of PSD-95 in the dorsal striatum. Electrophysiological findings demonstrate that superfusion of methamphetamine reduced basal synaptic transmission and HFS-induced LTP in dorsal striatal slices, and SCH23390 prevented this effect. These results suggest that alterations in synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity induced by acute methamphetamine via D1Rs could assist with methamphetamine-induced modification of corticostriatal circuits underlying the learning of goal-directed instrumental actions and formation of habits, mediating escalation of methamphetamine self-administration and methamphetamine addiction-like behavior.
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MacKenzie, R. G., and B. Heischober. "Methamphetamine." Pediatrics in Review 18, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.18-9-305.
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MacKenzie, Richard G., and Bruce Heischober. "Methamphetamine." Pediatrics In Review 18, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.18.9.305.
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Lappin, Julia M., and Shane Darke. "Methamphetamine." Neurology 93, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000007667.
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Zhang, Jimmy, Anh H. Nguyen, Daniel Jilani, Ramses Seferino Trigo Torres, Lauren Schmiess-Heine, Tai Le, Xing Xia, and Hung Cao. "Consecutive treatments of methamphetamine promote the development of cardiac pathological symptoms in zebrafish." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (November 17, 2023): e0294322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294322.
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Chronic methamphetamine use, a widespread drug epidemic, has been associated with cardiac morphological and electrical remodeling, leading to the development of numerous cardiovascular diseases. While methamphetamine has been documented to induce arrhythmia, most results originate from clinical trials from users who experienced different durations of methamphetamine abuse, providing no documentation on the use of methamphetamine in standardized settings. Additionally, the underlying molecular mechanism on how methamphetamine affects the cardiovascular system remains elusive. A relationship was sought between cardiotoxicity and arrhythmia with associated methamphetamine abuse in zebrafish to identify and to understand the adverse cardiac symptoms associated with methamphetamine. Zebrafish were first treated with methamphetamine 3 times a week over a 2-week duration. Immediately after treatment, zebrafish underwent electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement using an in-house developed acquisition system for electrophysiological analysis. Subsequent analyses of cAMP expression and Ca2+ regulation in zebrafish cardiomyocytes were conducted. cAMP is vital to development of myocardial fibrosis and arrhythmia, prominent symptoms in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Ca2+ dysregulation is also a factor in inducing arrhythmias. During the first week of treatment, zebrafish that were administered with methamphetamine displayed a decrease in heart rate, which persisted throughout the second week and remained significantly lower than the heart rate of untreated fish. Results also indicate an increased heart rate variability during the early stage of treatment followed by a decrease in the late stage for methamphetamine-treated fish over the duration of the experiment, suggesting a biphasic response to methamphetamine exposure. Methamphetamine-treated fish also exhibited reduced QTc intervals throughout the experiment. Results from the cAMP and Ca2+ assays demonstrate that cAMP was upregulated and Ca2+ was dysregulated in response to methamphetamine treatment. Collagenic assays indicated significant fibrotic response to methamphetamine treatment. These results provide potential insight into the role of methamphetamine in the development of fibrosis and arrhythmia due to downstream effectors of cAMP.
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Hay, Gracie L., Sarah J. Baracz, Nicholas A. Everett, Jessica Roberts, Priscila A. Costa, Jonathon C. Arnold, Iain S. McGregor, and Jennifer L. Cornish. "Cannabidiol treatment reduces the motivation to self-administer methamphetamine and methamphetamine-primed relapse in rats." Journal of Psychopharmacology 32, no. 12 (September 27, 2018): 1369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881118799954.
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Background: Methamphetamine is an addictive stimulant that can cause many adverse physical, psychological and psychosocial effects. Preliminary evidence shows cannabidiol, a non-intoxicating constituent of the cannabis plant, may have efficacy in treating opioid and nicotine dependence. However, no study has yet examined whether cannabidiol treatment might impact on methamphetamine addiction. Aims: The current study investigated whether cannabidiol administration reduces the motivation to self-administer methamphetamine and relapse to methamphetamine-seeking behavior following abstinence. Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats with implanted jugular vein catheters were initially trained to self-administer methamphetamine via lever press during two-hour sessions on a fixed ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement. Rats in experiment 1 ( n=16) then advanced to a progressive ratio reinforcement schedule to examine the effects of cannabidiol (0, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg intraperitoneal) on motivation to self-administer methamphetamine. Rats in experiment 2 ( n=16) were tested for cannabidiol effects on methamphetamine-primed reinstatement following extinction. Results: Cannabidiol (80 mg/kg, but not 40 mg/kg, or 20 mg/kg) reduced the motivation to self-administer methamphetamine and attenuated methamphetamine-primed relapse to methamphetamine-seeking behavior after extinction. Conclusion: This is the first demonstration that cannabidiol can reduce the motivation to seek and consume methamphetamine, and suggests that cannabidiol might be worth trialing as a novel pharmacotherapy for methamphetamine dependence.
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Patcharoros, Nontima, Sudsabuy Chulakadabba, Nattawadee Na Manorom, and Vitharon Boon-yasidhi. "Assessing Child Maltreatment in Children Born to Mothers Who Used Methamphetamine during Pregnancy at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand: A Pilot Study." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (November 18, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/406208.
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Studies on maltreatment of children born to methamphetamine abusing mothers are lacking. This cross-sectional study examined child maltreatment among children born at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, to mothers who used methamphetamines during pregnancy. During the study period between July 2011 and January 2012, 34 caretakers of these children were interviewed using the ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool-Parent Version (ICAST-P) to assess their disciplinary actions. The associations between child’s and caretaker’s characteristics and child maltreatment behaviors were analyzed. More than 90% of caretakers were female with age ranging from 18 to 35 years and about 60% were biological mothers. The children’s age ranged from 1 to 9 years. Disciplinary acts and child rearing practices that were considered to be child maltreatment behaviors were reported as follows: psychological discipline 82.4%, physical discipline 79.4%, and neglect 29.4%. No associations between the child’s or the caretaker’s characteristics and child maltreatment behaviors were found. In conclusion, child maltreatment behaviors were frequent in caretakers of children born to mothers who used methamphetamine during pregnancy. Supervision on child rearing and careful monitoring are needed for this population.
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Havlickova, Tereza, Chrysostomos Charalambous, Marek Lapka, Nina Puskina, Pavel Jerabek, and Magdalena Sustkova-Fiserova. "Ghrelin Receptor Antagonism of Methamphetamine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference and Intravenous Self-Administration in Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (September 26, 2018): 2925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102925.
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Methamphetamine abuse imposes a significant burden on individuals and society worldwide, and an effective therapy of methamphetamine addiction would provide distinguished social benefits. Ghrelin significantly participates in reinforcing neurobiological mechanisms of stimulants, including amphetamines; thus, ghrelin antagonism is proposed as a promising addiction treatment. The aim of our study was to elucidate whether the pretreatment with growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1A) antagonist, substance JMV2959, could reduce the methamphetamine intravenous self-administration (IVSA) and the tendency to relapse, and whether JMV2959 could reduce or prevent methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. Following an adequate maintenance period, JMV2959 3 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally 20 min before three consequent daily 180 min sessions of methamphetamine IVSA under a fixed ratio FR1, which significantly reduced the number of active lever-pressings, the number of infusions, and the amount of the consumed methamphetamine dose. Pretreatment with JMV2959 also reduced or prevented relapse-like behavior tested in rats on the 12th day of the abstinence period. Pretreatment with JMV2959 significantly reduced the expression of methamphetamine-induced CPP. Simultaneous administration of JMV2959 with methamphetamine during the conditioning period significantly reduced the methamphetamine-CPP. Our results encourage further research of the ghrelin antagonism as a potential new pharmacological tool for methamphetamine addiction treatment.
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Wright, Jackie, Bob Symons, Jonathon Angell, Kirstin E. Ross, and Stewart Walker. "Current practices underestimate environmental exposures to methamphetamine: inhalation exposures are important." Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 31, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41370-020-00260-x.
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AbstractCurrent practice for determining the exposure to methamphetamine in contaminated homes relies on the analysis of surface wipe sample to address direct contact exposures. The movement of methamphetamine into the air phase, and the potential for inhalation exposures to occur within residential homes contaminated from former clandestine manufacture or smoking of methamphetamine has been generally poorly characterised and understood. All available risk-based guidelines for determining safe levels of methamphetamine in residential properties do not include any consideration of the inhalation pathway as an exposure route. This study showed that methamphetamine can readily move from contaminated materials in a home into the air phase. This movement of methamphetamine into the air phase provides both an exposure pathway and a mechanism for the transfer of methamphetamine throughout a property. The inhalation exposure pathway has the potential to result in significant intake of methamphetamine, adding to dermal absorption and ingestion exposure routes. Guidelines that are established for the assessment of methamphetamine contaminated properties that ignore inhalation exposures can significantly underestimate exposure and result in guidelines that are not adequately protective of health. This study also demonstrates that sampling methamphetamine in air can be undertaken using commercially available sorption tubes and analytical methods.
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Kesby, James P., Ariel Chang, Julia A. Najera, Maria Cecilia G. Marcondes, and Svetlana Semenova. "Brain Reward Function after Chronic and Binge Methamphetamine Regimens in Mice Expressing the HIV-1 TAT Protein." Current HIV Research 17, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162x17666190703165408.
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Background: Methamphetamine abuse and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are common comorbidities. HIV-associated proteins, such as the regulatory protein TAT, may contribute to brain reward dysfunction, inducing an altered sensitivity to methamphetamine reward and/or withdrawal in this population. Objective: These studies examined the combined effects of TAT protein expression and, chronic and binge methamphetamine regimens on brain reward function. Methods: Transgenic mice with inducible brain expression of the TAT protein were exposed to either saline, a chronic, or a binge methamphetamine regimen. TAT expression was induced via doxycycline treatment during the last week of methamphetamine exposure. Brain reward function was assessed daily throughout the regimens, using the intracranial self-stimulation procedure, and after a subsequent acute methamphetamine challenge. Results: Both methamphetamine regimens induced withdrawal-related decreases in reward function. TAT expression substantially, but not significantly increased the withdrawal associated with exposure to the binge regimen compared to the chronic regimen, but did not alter the response to acute methamphetamine challenge. TAT expression also led to persistent changes in adenosine 2B receptor expression in the caudate putamen, regardless of methamphetamine exposure. These results suggest that TAT expression may differentially affect brain reward function, dependent on the pattern of methamphetamine exposure. Conclusion: The subtle effects observed in these studies highlight that longer-term TAT expression, or its induction at earlier stages of methamphetamine exposure, may be more consequential at inducing behavioral and neurochemical effects.
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Kerry, Gemma L., Kirstin E. Ross, Jackie L. Wright, and G. Stewart Walker. "A Review of Methods Used to Detect Methamphetamine from Indoor Air and Textiles in Confined Spaces." Toxics 10, no. 11 (November 21, 2022): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10110710.
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Methamphetamine manufacture, use, and the resulting contamination is a significant issue that affects public health, the environment, and the economy. Third-hand exposure to methamphetamine can result in adverse health risks for individuals and first responders. Such exposures can result from the inhalation of airborne residues or from contact with contaminated objects. This review was conducted to determine the current methods used for methamphetamine extraction from indoor air and porous fabric materials. Dynamic solid phase microextraction (SPME) and sorbent sampling tubes have been applied to extract airborne methamphetamine residues from contaminated properties. SPME and solvent extraction have been applied to sample clothing and textiles for methamphetamine detection. This review demonstrates that there is limited literature on the detection of methamphetamine from indoor air and clothing. Supplementary and consistent methods to detect methamphetamine from air and porous surfaces should be developed and published to allow better assessment of the environmental risk to public health caused by third-hand exposure to methamphetamine.
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Kudekar, Deepak Y. "Separation of Methamphetamine from Dimethyl Sulfone by Solubility Differences and Identification, Confirmation by Raman Spectroscopy." International Journal of Forensic Sciences 8, no. 2 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000308.
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Narcotic drug with addition of neutral substances is common practice in India. Paracetamol, phenacetin and lignocaine are commonly used for addition in narcotic drugs like heroin and cocaine. Dimethyl sulfone is a neutral substance used in methamphetamine hydrochloride. Methamphetamine is a stimulant popular in the illicit drug market known as ice drug. The pure crystalline Methamphetamine and Dimethyl sulfone easily detected and identified by Raman spectroscopy. However, mixed Raman spectra was obtained from powdered sample. The identification of methamphetamine in Raman Spectra, was done by dissolving methamphetamine hydrochloride dissolving in methanol and precipitated in ether, dimethyl sulfone remains in methanol -ether mixture. Raman spectra of precipitated drugs confirm the methamphetamine. Solubility differences in the two solvents made separation easy and Raman spectroscopy confirms the presence of methamphetamine hydrochloride and dimethyl sulfone.
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Y. K. Al-Bayati. "SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF MEETHAMPHETAMINE – IMPRINTED POLYMERIC SOLID-PHASE." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 54, no. 4 (August 29, 2023): 1173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1811.
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This study was determine methamphetamine by the addition to the glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomer resulting from bulk polymerization formation. To acquire the highest adsorption capacity, molar ratios of the template, monomer, and cross-linking agent, as well as solvents and multiple monomers were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the Methamphetamine polymer. The elution of Methamphetamine had a small effect on the surfaces of the three-dimensional network structure. Methamphetamine was successfully eluted using a mixture of methanol and acetic acid. The Methamphetamine adsorption capacities were 3.8145 and 9.01773 mol/g (Qmax), respectively. A Langmuir isotherm model follows Methamphetamine adsorption. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) syringes packed with molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) were used to selectively separate and preconcentration the Methamphetamine from different patients.
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TEMİRCAN, Zekeriya. "A neuroimaging study of altered cortical and subcortical volume in adolescent methamphetamine users." Cukurova Medical Journal 48, no. 3 (September 27, 2023): 1148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1349328.
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Purpose: The aim of this study was is to compare brain structure volume, including cortical and subcortical regions of adolescents- methamphetamine users versus non-users.
Materials and Methods: The study was designed to be cross-sectional, and structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from the participants, including ten methamphetamine users and nine non-users. volBrain program was used to evaluate the images.
Results: The results showed that methamphetamine users altered brain structures- temporal, parietal lobes, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus volume. Also, the statistically significant difference in the volume between methamphetamine users and non-users was found in subcortical regions except putamen by age. Volumetric analysis of methamphetamine use in adolescents confirms a reduction in temporal lobes (methamphetamine users M±SD=3.43±0.18 non-users M±SD=3.48±0.22) and parietal lobes (methamphetamine users M±SD=2.23±0.24, non-users M±SD=2.37±0.33) in cortical regions in the brain as tissue volume. However, methamphetamine uses caused an increase in volume in the subcortical regions.
Conclusion: Methamphetamine use appears to show decreased volume in the brain regions with age, which has adverse effects on cognitive, emotional, memory, and social abilities.
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Rodriguez, Nancy, Charles Katz, Vincent J. Webb, and David R. Schaefer. "Examining the Impact of Individual, Community, and Market Factors on Methamphetamine Use: A Tale of Two Cities." Journal of Drug Issues 35, no. 4 (October 2005): 665–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260503500402.
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Although prior studies have monitored the trends in methamphetamine use and reported its increase over the years, few studies have considered how community-level characteristics affect the use of methamphetamine. In this study, we utilize data from the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program from two cities to examine how individual-level, community-level, and drug market factors influence methamphetamine use. Results indicate that both individual and community-level data significantly influence methamphetamine use. Also, findings show that predictors of methamphetamine use (at the individual and community-level) differ significantly from marijuana, cocaine, and opiate use. Policy implications regarding law enforcement suppression and the treatment of methamphetamine users are discussed.
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Mutumba, Massy, Judith T. Moskowitz, Torsten B. Neilands, Ji-Young Lee, Samantha E. Dilworth, and Adam W. Carrico. "A mindfulness-based, stress and coping model of craving in methamphetamine users." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): e0249489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249489.
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There is increasing interest in the role of mindfulness and mindfulness-based interventions to optimize recovery from a substance use disorder (SUD). However, relatively little is known about the theory-based psychological and social pathways whereby mindfulness could have beneficial effects for managing a chronic, relapsing SUD. Informed by Revised Stress and Coping Theory, the present cross-sectional study examined affective, cognitive, and social pathways whereby mindfulness is associated with lower methamphetamine craving. A total of 161 HIV-positive, methamphetamine-using sexual minority men completed a screening visit for a randomized controlled trial. Using a hybrid structural equation model, we examined pathways whereby mindfulness is associated with lower methamphetamine craving. We found that greater mindfulness was directly associated with lower negative affect and higher positive affect as well as indirectly associated with less methamphetamine craving. Interestingly, the indirect association between mindfulness and methamphetamine craving appeared to be uniquely attributable to positive affect. Only positive affect was indirectly associated with lower methamphetamine craving via higher positive re-appraisal coping and greater self-efficacy for managing triggers for methamphetamine use. Methamphetamine craving was supported by moderate associations with greater substance use severity and more frequent methamphetamine use. These findings support the role of mindfulness in cultivating positive affect, which could be crucial to build the capacity of individuals to manage methamphetamine craving as a chronic stressor that threatens recovery from SUD.
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Rorabaugh, Boyd R., Sarah L. Seeley, Albert D. Bui, Lisanne Sprague, and Manoranjan S. D'Souza. "Prenatal methamphetamine differentially alters myocardial sensitivity to ischemic injury in male and female adult hearts." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 310, no. 4 (February 15, 2016): H516—H523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00642.2015.
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Methamphetamine is one of the most common illicit drugs abused during pregnancy. The neurological effects of prenatal methamphetamine are well known. However, few studies have investigated the potential effects of prenatal methamphetamine on adult cardiovascular function. Previous work demonstrated that prenatal cocaine exposure increases sensitivity of the adult heart to ischemic injury. Methamphetamine and cocaine have different mechanisms of action, but both drugs exert their effects by increasing dopaminergic and adrenergic receptor stimulation. Thus the goal of this study was to determine whether prenatal methamphetamine also worsens ischemic injury in the adult heart. Pregnant rats were injected with methamphetamine (5 mg·kg−1·day−1) or saline throughout pregnancy. When pups reached 8 wk of age, their hearts were subjected to ischemia and reperfusion by means of a Langendorff isolated heart system. Prenatal methamphetamine had no significant effect on infarct size, preischemic contractile function, or postischemic recovery of contractile function in male hearts. However, methamphetamine-treated female hearts exhibited significantly larger infarcts and significantly elevated end-diastolic pressure during recovery from ischemia. Methamphetamine significantly reduced protein kinase Cε expression and Akt phosphorylation in female hearts but had no effect on these cardioprotective proteins in male hearts. These data indicate that prenatal methamphetamine differentially affects male and female sensitivity to myocardial ischemic injury and alters cardioprotective signaling proteins in the adult heart.
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Chavva, H., and BR Rorabaugh. "Methamphetamine use during the first or second half of pregnancy worsens cardiac ischemic injury in adult female offspring." Physiological Research 71, no. 4 (July 28, 2022): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.934900.
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There is growing evidence that methamphetamine use during pregnancy may produce detrimental cardiovascular effects in the adult offspring. Prior work demonstrated that chronic methamphetamine exposure throughout the gestational period causes adult female offspring to become hypersensitive to myocardial ischemic injury. The goal of the present study was to determine whether this methamphetamine-induced effect occurs early or late in the gestational period. Pregnant female rats were divided into 4 experimental groups. Groups 1 and 2 received subcutaneous injections of saline (group 1) or methamphetamine (5 mg/kg) (group 2) throughout the gestational period. Group 3 received methamphetamine injections on days 1-11 and saline on days 12-22, and group 4 received saline on days 1-11 and methamphetamine on days 12-22. Hearts were isolated from adult (8 weeks) female offspring and subjected to 30 min ischemia and 2 hours reperfusion on a Langendorff isolated heart apparatus. Contractile function was measured via an intraventricular balloon, and infarct size was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Infarcts were significantly larger in methamphetamine exposed offspring regardless of whether they had been exposed to methamphetamine during the first half or the second half of the gestational period. Prenatal exposure to methamphetamine had no effect on preischemic contractile function or postischemic recovery of contractile function. These data indicate that methamphetamine use during either the first half or second half of pregnancy increases susceptibility to myocardial infarction in adult female offspring. These data provide further evidence that prenatal exposure to methamphetamine may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases during adulthood.
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Thompson, Ronald G., Alison Oliveto, Jeff D. Thostenson, Michael P. Wilson, Janette McGaugh, and Michael J. Mancino. "Utility of a controlled amphetamine withdrawal paradigm among adults who use methamphetamine: A pilot clinical trial." Journal of Psychopharmacology 35, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 1420–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02698811211050563.
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Background: The continued increase in prevalence of methamphetamine use in the United States has resulted in a significant increase in the number of patients entering treatment for methamphetamine use. However, no robustly efficacious pharmacologic treatment for methamphetamine use or withdrawal has been identified to date after stopping methamphetamine use. Aims: Given the association between methamphetamine withdrawal and relapse during early treatment, this study tested a controlled d-amphetamine withdrawal paradigm among methamphetamine-using individuals. Methods: Treatment-seeking adults who used methamphetamine ( N = 34; 47% female; 100% white) were enrolled in a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in a residential setting, in which all participants were maintained on d-amphetamine (30 mg BID) during week 1, then half were switched to placebo during weeks 2–3. All participants received placebo during week 4. Outcomes included vital signs, withdrawal, cravings for methamphetamine, mood, and cognition. Bivariate analyses tested treatment group differences on baseline demographic and outcome variables. Repeated measures models examined main and interaction effects of treatment over time. Results/Outcomes: Participants were successfully randomized and safely stabilized on d-amphetamine. Craving for methamphetamine increased during weeks 2–3 in the placebo group relative to those on d-amphetamine. Interactions with age and heart rate were noted. Conclusions/Interpretation: To our knowledge, this is the first double-blind, placebo-controlled trial measuring pharmacologic effects of abruptly stopping controlled d-amphetamine administration in adults who use methamphetamine. Results support the potential of this withdrawal paradigm to further examine the efficacy of pharmacologic agents in ameliorating methamphetamine withdrawal symptoms.
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Kim, Baeksun, Sung Hyun Tag, Yong Sik Kim, Sung Nam Cho, and Heh-In Im. "Circulating microRNA miR-137 as a stable biomarker for methamphetamine abstinence." Psychopharmacology 239, no. 3 (February 9, 2022): 831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06074-z.
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Abstract Objective Stimulant use instigates abstinence syndrome in humans. miRNAs are a critical component for the pathophysiology of stimulant abstinence. Here we sought to identify a miRNA marker of methamphetamine abstinence in the circulating extracellular vesicles (cEVs). Methods miR-137 in the cEVs was quantified by qPCR in thirty-seven patients under methamphetamine abstinence and thirty-five age-matched healthy controls recruited from 2014 to 2016 from the general adult population in a hospital setting, Seoul, South Korea. Diagnostic power was evaluated by area under curve in the receiver-operating characteristics curve and other multiple statistical parameters. Results Patients under methamphetamine abstinence exhibited a significant reduction in cEV miR-137. Overall, cEV miR-137 had high potential as a blood-based marker of methamphetamine abstinence. cEV miR-137 retained the diagnostic power irrespective of the duration of methamphetamine abstinence or methamphetamine use. Interestingly, cEV miR-137 interacted with age: Control participants displayed an aging-dependent reduction of cEV miR-137, while methamphetamine-abstinent patients showed an aging-dependent increase in cEV miR-137. Accordingly, cEV miR-137 had variable diagnostic power depending on age, in which cEV miR-137 more effectively discriminated methamphetamine abstinence in the younger population. Duration of methamphetamine use or abstinence, cigarette smoking status, depressive disorder, or antidepressant treatment did not interact with the methamphetamine abstinence-induced reduction of cEV miR-137. Conclusion Our data collectively demonstrated that miR-137 in the circulating extracellular vesicles held high potential as a stable and accurate diagnostic marker of methamphetamine abstinence syndrome.
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Kim, Jang, Shakya, Choi, Jeong, and Lee. "Current Understanding of Methamphetamine-Associated Metabolic Changes Revealed by the Metabolomics Approach." Metabolites 9, no. 10 (September 20, 2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9100195.
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Metabolomics is a powerful tool used in the description of metabolic system perturbations caused by diseases or abnormal conditions, and it usually involves qualitative and/or quantitative metabolome determination, accompanied by bioinformatics assessment. Methamphetamine is a psychostimulant with serious abuse potential and due to the absence of effective pharmacotherapy and a high recurrence potential, methamphetamine addiction is a grave issue. Moreover, its addiction mechanisms remain unclear, probably due to the lack of experimental models that reflect personal genetic variances and environmental factors determining drug addiction occurrence. The metabolic approach is only recently being used to study the metabolic effects induced by a variety of methamphetamine exposure statuses, in order to investigate metabolic disturbances related to the adverse effects and discover potential methamphetamine addiction biomarkers. To provide a critical overview of methamphetamine-associated metabolic changes revealed in recent years using the metabolomics approach, we discussed methamphetamine toxicity, applications of metabolomics in drug abuse and addiction studies, biological samples used in metabolomics, and previous studies on metabolic alterations in a variety of biological samples—including the brain, hair, serum, plasma, and urine—following methamphetamine exposure in animal studies. Metabolic alterations observed in animal brain and other biological samples after methamphetamine exposure were associated with neuronal and energy metabolism disruptions. This review highlights the significance of further metabolomics studies in the area of methamphetamine addiction research. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of metabolic changes induced by methamphetamine addiction progress and to the design of further studies targeting the discovery of methamphetamine addiction biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Leamon, Martin H., Keith Flower, Ruth E. Salo, Thomas E. Nordahl, Henry R. Kranzler, and Gantt P. Galloway. "Methamphetamine and Paranoia: The Methamphetamine Experience Questionnaire." American Journal on Addictions 19, no. 2 (March 2010): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2009.00014.x.
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Galloway, Gantt P., Edward G. Singleton, M. Douglas Anglin, Richard A. Rawson, Marinelli-Casey Patricia, Balabis Joseph, Bradway Richard, et al. "How Long Does Craving Predict Use of Methamphetamine? Assessment of Use One to Seven Weeks after the Assessment of Craving." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 1 (January 2008): SART.S775. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/sart.s775.
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Aims This study lays the foundation for a clinical prediction model based on methamphetamine craving intensity and its ability to predict the presence or absence of within-treatment methamphetamine use. Design We used a random effects logistic approach for estimating repeated-measures, generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) using craving as the sole predictor of methamphetamine. A multivariate GLMM included craving, length of treatment, treatment assignment, and methamphetamine use the previous week as covariates to control for potential confounds. We performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses to evaluate predictive accuracy. We investigated further whether methamphetamine craving predicted subsequent use more accurately at intervals more proximal to versus those more distal to assessment, examining one-week periods ending one to seven weeks after assessment of craving. Setting The study was part of the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) Methamphetamine Treatment Project (MTP). Subjects Analyses were based on data from 691 methamphetamine dependent outpatients enrolled in the MTP. Measurements Craving was assessed by self-report on a 0–100 scale. Self-reported methamphetamine use was toxicologically verified. Craving and drug use were assessed weekly for 8 weeks. Findings In the univariate analysis craving predicted methamphetamine use in the week immediately following the craving report (p < 0.0001), with subject-specific use increasing 0.38% for each one-point increase in craving on a 0–100 scale. In the multivariate analysis the probability of use decreased by 2.45% for each week in treatment increased by 33.11% for previous methamphetamine use, and the probability of methamphetamine use still increased with craving, rising 0.28% for each one-point increase in craving score (all p < 0.0001). Predictive accuracy was strongest at the one-week time-lag and declined in magnitude the more distal the assessment period. Conclusions Craving is a predictor of within-treatment methamphetamine use. Intensity of craving is appropriate for use as a surrogate marker in methamphetamine dependence.
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Wodarz, Norbert, Anne Krampe-Scheidler, Michael Christ, Heribert Fleischmann, Winfried Looser, Katharina Schoett, Frank Vilsmeier, Lydia Bothe, Corinna Schaefer, and Euphrosyne Gouzoulis-Mayfrank. "Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Pharmacological Management of Acute Methamphetamine-Related Disorders and Toxicity." Pharmacopsychiatry 50, no. 03 (March 15, 2017): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-123752.
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AbstractConsumption of methamphetamine (“crystal”) has spread dramatically over several European countries. The management of methamphetamine-induced acute disorders has become a growing challenge to the health system. Pharmacological treatment strategies for methamphetamine-induced intoxication syndromes, acute withdrawal symptoms, and methamphetamine-induced psychosis are particularly important.The development of interdisciplinary and evidence- and consensus-based (S3) German Guidelines was based on a systematic literature and guideline search on therapeutic interventions in methamphetamine-related disorders (April, June 2015). Consideration was given to 9 guidelines and 103 publications. Recommendations on pharmacological treatment strategies were drawn up using the nominal group technique.Overall, only limited evidence is available. Benzodiazepines are first-line medication for methamphetamine-induced intoxication syndromes, particularly when they present with acute agitation and aggressive behavior. There is no evidence-based medication for the treatment of methamphetamine-related withdrawal symptoms and cravings. When treating methamphetamine-induced psychosis, second-generation antipsychotics should be favored, given their more favorable side-effect profile. The indication for continuation of antipsychotic medication must be reviewed regularly. In most cases, the antipsychotic should be tapered off within 6 months.
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Li, Linghui, Juan Carlos Lopez, Gantt P. Galloway, Matthew J. Baggott, Tom Everhart, and John Mendelson. "Estimating the Intake of Abused Methamphetamines Using Experimenter-Administered Deuterium Labeled R-Methamphetamine: Selection of the R-Methamphetamine Dose." Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 32, no. 4 (August 2010): 504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ftd.0b013e3181db82f2.
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Dao, Thuy Thi Dieu, Trang Thu Nguyen, Tam Minh Nguyen, Daniel Feaster, and Giang Minh Le. "Methamphetamine use among people who inject heroin in Hanoi, Vietnam." MedPharmRes 6, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32895/ump.mpr.6.1.3.
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Introduction: The pattern of drug use in Vietnam has changed rapidly over the past decade, and a large number of people who have a history of heroin injection reportedly use methamphetamine. This paper describes factors associated with methamphetamine use among people who inject heroin in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey among 521 heroin injectors who were recruited through chain referral and outreach at community and clinic settings. Eligibility criteria included: (1) male aged 18 or older; (2) reported heroin injecting during the 12 months before the survey; (3) agreed for a urine test to detect methamphetamine and opiate metabolites. The primary outcome, methamphetamine use, was defined as selfreported methamphetamine use during the 30 days before the survey and/or having a urine test positive for methamphetamine. Structural Equation Model was used to evaluate associated factors for methamphetamine use. Results: One third of participants qualified as methamphetamine users as defined in this study. A longer history of heroin use (β=0.126, p<0.001), using MDMA and/or cannabis (β=0.28, p<0.001) and not using condom during sex (β=0.139, p<0.001) were positively associated with methamphetamine use. Family functioning (β=-0.141; p<0.001) was protective. The goodness-of-fit of Structural Equation Model was excellent (CFI=0.934; TLI=0.912; RMSEA=0.033; WRMR=0.98). Conclusions: Methamphetamine use among people who inject heroin is a substantial issue in Hanoi. Family functioning has made a critical contribution on reducing methamphetamine use. Future studies should pay attention to address the role of factors at the family level in addition to individual-level factors towards the pattern of drug use.
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Anari, Leyla, Davood Mehrabani, Mahboobeh Nasiri, Shahrokh Zare, Iman Jamhiri, and Jason Acker. "in Vitro Effect of Methamphetamine on Proliferation, Differentiation and Apoptosis of Adipose Tissue Stem Cells." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 25 (January 10, 2022): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/jpps31843.
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Purpose: Among abused substances, methamphetamine is a psychostimulant drug widely used recreationally with public health importance. This study investigated the effect of methamphetamine on proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of human adipose tissue stem cells (AdSCs). Methods: AdSCs were isolated from human abdominal adipose tissue and were characterized for mesenchymal properties and growth kinetics. MTT assay was undertaken to assess methamphetamine toxicity on proliferation and differentiation properties and apoptosis of hAdSCs. Results: Isolated cells were shown to have mesenchymal properties and a population doubling time (PDT) of 40.1 h. Following methamphetamine treatment, expressions of KI-67 and TPX2 as proliferation genes and Col1A1 and PPARg as differentiation genes decreased. Methamphetamine administration increased the expression of Bax and decreased Bcl-2 genes responsible for apoptosis. Conclusions: Our data suggested when AdSCs were exposed to methamphetamine, it decreased proliferation and differentiation properties of stem cells together with an increase in apoptosis. These findings can be added to the literature, especially when methamphetamine is used recreationally for weight loss purposes.
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Prakobsrikul, Piyatida, Smith Srisont, Artit Jinawath, and Manee Boonkrem. "Methamphetamine-related post-mortem cases in Bangkok, Thailand." Medicine, Science and the Law 59, no. 3 (June 4, 2019): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802419852800.
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Introduction This study investigated variables associated with methamphetamine-related deaths in Thailand. Methods This study used data obtained from methamphetamine-related autopsy cases over a six-year period from 2011 to 2016. From the data available during this period, considered variables included: demographic, toxicological and histopathological profiles. Methamphetamine blood concentration calculations and myoglobin immunostainings in kidney samples were also carried out. Statistical analysis and tests of significance were conducted using a paired-sample t-test, adopting a p-value of 0.05. Results A total of 61 methamphetamine-related cases were reviewed. Of several pathological findings, cardiovascular pathological findings were the most common. Cases were divided into a non-trauma group ( n = 19; 31.15%) and a trauma group ( n = 42; 68.85%), and it was found that methamphetamine blood concentrations of non-trauma cases were largely in therapeutic ranges. The differences between methamphetamine concentrations of trauma and non-trauma groups were not statistically significant ( p > 0.05). Immunostainings for myoglobin in kidney samples were positive in two non-trauma cases, which is suggestive of methamphetamine-induced rhabdomyolysis. Conclusions Methamphetamine intoxication causes cardiac toxicity and can cause death. However, methamphetamine quantitation, autopsy findings and scene investigations are considered altogether in determination of cause of death due to many factors such as drug tolerances. Myoglobin immunostaining was found to be a useful tool in determining cause of death.
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Leonard, Michael Z., Paul Rostin, Kevin P. Hill, Stephanie D. Grabitz, Matthias Eikermann, and Klaus A. Miczek. "The Molecular-Container Calabadion-2 Prevents Methamphetamine-Induced Reinstatement in Rats: A Potential Approach to Relapse Prevention?" International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 23, no. 6 (June 2020): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyz070.
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Abstract Background Reexposure to methamphetamine with a single “priming dose” can trigger intense cravings and precipitate relapse in methamphetamine-dependent individuals. The acyclic cucurbit[n]uril “molecular container” calabadion-2 shows a high affinity to bind and sequester methamphetamine in vitro and attenuates its locomotor-stimulating effect in rats. The present study investigates whether pretreatment with calabadion-2 is sufficient to prevent the reinstatement of drug seeking by a priming dose of methamphetamine in rats. Methods Male Long-Evans rats were trained to self-administer i.v. methamphetamine (0.06 mg/kg/infusion). Following 10 days of stable self-administration, rats underwent extinction training and were subsequently tested on a multi-phase reinstatement procedure. Drug-primed reinstatement sessions (0.3 mg/kg methamphetamine, i.v.) were preceded by either saline or calabadion-2 (130 mg/kg). Additional reinstatement tests were conducted after administration of yohimbine (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) to define the pharmacological specificity of calabadion-2. Results Pretreatment with calabadion-2 significantly attenuated methamphetamine-induced reinstatement of responding. Cal2 did not affect drug-seeking behavior stimulated by the pharmacological stressor yohimbine, indicating a mechanism of action specific to methamphetamine. Conclusions These results demonstrate the effectiveness of calabadion-2 in a preclinical model relapse-like behavior. With further structural optimization, molecular containers may provide a novel and efficacious pharmacokinetic approach to relapse prevention for methamphetamine-dependent individuals.
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Callaghan, Russell C., Joey Tavares, Lawren Taylor, and Scott Veldhuizen. "A National Survey of Primary Methamphetamine-Related Admissions to Youth Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities in Canada, 2005 to 2006." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 52, no. 10 (September 1, 2007): 684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370705201009.
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Objective: Adolescent methamphetamine use has become a key issue for Canadian media and governments. Empirical studies, however, have not yet established the national scope of adolescent methamphetamine use or its impact on treatment services in Canada. The objective of the current study was to provide results from a national survey of primary methamphetamine-related admissions to Canadian residential substance abuse treatment facilities for youth. Method: We developed a comprehensive list of all Canadian residential substance abuse treatment facilities for youth, and then, we asked the executive director (or equivalent) of each facility about the site's annual caseload and the proportion of primary methamphetamine-related admissions during the previous 12 months. Results: Responses were received from 46 of the 50 centres on our final master list. About 20% (1109/5169) of all national admissions to youth residential substance abuse treatment facilities were reported to be primarily due to methamphetamine use. A large majority of primary methamphetamine-related admissions occurred in British Columbia and Alberta. Conclusions: Adolescent methamphetamine use has had a major impact on entries into residential substance abuse treatment facilities in British Columbia and Alberta, while only a few centres outside these 2 western provinces have experienced elevated rates of primary methamphetamine-related admissions. Given the paucity of studies on adolescent methamphetamine treatment, future research needs to focus on developing effective clinical strategies in this area.
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Yahyaei, Fariba, Samira Behrad, Raheb Ghorbani, Mehdi Khaksari, and Elham Sadat Afraz. "The effects of berberine hydrochloride on the bone quality in methamphetamine-addicted rats after 3 weeks of withdrawal." Journal of Biological Studies 5, no. 3 (September 21, 2022): 585–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.62400/jbs.v5i3.7077.
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Animal studies have shown that berberine hydrochloride reduces osteoporosis and has anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of berberine hydrochloride on the quality of new bone and the severity of bone inflammation in methamphetamine-addicted rats after 3 weeks of withdrawal. A total of 21 male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: control (n = 7), methamphetamine (n = 7), and methamphetamine + berberine groups (n = 7). The 2 addicted groups received water-soluble methamphetamine up to 12 mg/kg for 2 weeks. Subsequently, they were abstinent for 3 weeks. Only 1 group received 100 mg/ kg/ day of berberine. After 3 weeks, the mandibular bone of rats was removed for histopathological evaluation of the severity of inflammation and the quality of new bone via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk and Mann-Whitney U tests. The software used was SPSS version 24, and the significance level was 0.05. The new bone formation was more mature in the methamphetamine + berberine group than in the methamphetamine group (P < 0.05). The bone inflammation was more severe in the methamphetamine group than in the methamphetamine + berberine group (P < 0.05). Because of the beneficial effects of berberine on the mandibular jaw, it can reduce the oral side effects of methamphetamine addiction.
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Stocco, Marlaina R., Ahmed A. El-Sherbeni, Bin Zhao, Maria Novalen, and Rachel F. Tyndale. "The role of CYP2D in rat brain in methamphetamine-induced striatal dopamine and serotonin release and behavioral sensitization." Psychopharmacology 238, no. 7 (March 1, 2021): 1791–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-021-05808-9.
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Abstract Rationale Cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) enzymes metabolize many addictive drugs, including methamphetamine. Variable CYP2D metabolism in the brain may alter CNS drug/metabolite concentrations, consequently affecting addiction liability and neuropsychiatric outcomes; components of these can be modeled by behavioral sensitization in rats. Methods To investigate the role of CYP2D in the brain in methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization, rats were pretreated centrally with a CYP2D irreversible inhibitor (or vehicle) 20 h prior to each of 7 daily methamphetamine (0.5 mg/kg subcutaneous) injections. In vivo brain microdialysis was used to assess brain drug and metabolite concentrations, and neurotransmitter release. Results CYP2D inhibitor (versus vehicle) pretreatment enhanced methamphetamine-induced stereotypy response sensitization. CYP2D inhibitor pretreatment increased brain methamphetamine concentrations and decreased the brain p-hydroxylation metabolic ratio. With microdialysis conducted on days 1 and 7, CYP2D inhibitor pretreatment exacerbated stereotypy sensitization and enhanced dopamine and serotonin release in the dorsal striatum. Day 1 brain methamphetamine and amphetamine concentrations correlated with dopamine and serotonin release, which in turn correlated with the stereotypy response slope across sessions (i.e., day 1 through day 7), used as a measure of sensitization. Conclusions CYP2D-mediated methamphetamine metabolism in the brain is sufficient to alter behavioral sensitization, brain drug concentrations, and striatal dopamine and serotonin release. Moreover, day 1 methamphetamine-induced neurotransmitter release may be an important predictor of subsequent behavioral sensitization. This suggests the novel contribution of CYP2D in the brain to methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization and suggests that the wide variation in human brain CYP2D6 may contribute to differential methamphetamine responses and chronic effects.
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Batra, Vinita, Thanh Lam N. Tran, Jessica Caputo, Glenn F. Guerin, Nicholas E. Goeders, and Jessica Wilden. "Intermittent bilateral deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens shell reduces intravenous methamphetamine intake and seeking in Wistar rats." Journal of Neurosurgery 126, no. 4 (April 2017): 1339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.4.jns152524.
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OBJECTIVE There is increasing interest in neuromodulation for addiction. Methamphetamine abuse is a global health epidemic with no proven treatment. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of intermittent nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on operant methamphetamine intake and on methamphetamine seeking when stimulation is delivered in an environment different from that of drug use. METHODS Eighteen rats were implanted with intravenous (IV) catheters and bilateral AcbSh electrodes and subsequently underwent daily sessions in 2-lever (active/methamphetamine and inactive/no reward) operant chambers to establish IV methamphetamine self-administration. After stable responding was achieved, 3 hours of DBS or sham treatment was administered (sham: 0 µA, n = 8; active: 200 µA, n = 10) in a separate nondrug environment prior to the daily operant sessions for 5 consecutive days. Immediately following each DBS/sham treatment, rats were placed in the operant chambers to examine the effects of remote stimulation on methamphetamine intake. After the 5 days of therapy were finished, rats reestablished a posttreatment baseline, followed by extinction training, abstinence, and 1 day of relapse testing to assess methamphetamine-seeking behavior. RESULTS There was a decrease in total methamphetamine intake in rats receiving active DBS versus sham on Days 1 (42%) and 2 (44%). Methamphetamine administration returned to baseline levels following the cessation of DBS therapy. Compared with baseline drug responding, methamphetamine seeking was reduced (57%) in the DBS group but not in the sham group. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to deliver noncontinuous DBS outside of the drug use environment with a resultant decrease in IV methamphetamine intake and seeking. The AcbSh is a neuroanatomical substrate for psychostimulant reinforcement and may be a target for intermittent neuromodulatory therapies that could be administered during brief periods of sobriety.
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Arunogiri, Shalini, James A. Foulds, Rebecca McKetin, and Dan I. Lubman. "A systematic review of risk factors for methamphetamine-associated psychosis." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 52, no. 6 (January 16, 2018): 514–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867417748750.
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Objective: Chronic methamphetamine use is commonly associated with the development of psychotic symptoms. The predictors and correlates of methamphetamine-associated psychosis are poorly understood. We sought to systematically review factors associated with psychotic symptoms in adults using illicit amphetamine or methamphetamine. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on MEDLINE (OVID), PsycINFO and EMBASE databases from inception to 8 December 2016. The search strategy combined three concept areas: methamphetamine or amphetamine, psychosis and risk factors. Included studies needed to compare adults using illicit methamphetamine or amphetamine, using a validated measure of psychosis, on a range of risk factors. Of 402 identified articles, we removed 45 duplicates, 320 articles based on abstract/title and 17 ineligible full-text articles, leaving 20 included studies that were conducted in 13 populations. Two co-authors independently extracted the following data from each study: country, setting and design; participant demographic and clinical details; sample size; measure/s used and measures of association between psychosis outcomes and risk factors. Individual study quality was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and strength of evidence was assessed using GRADE criteria. Results: Frequency of methamphetamine use and severity of methamphetamine dependence were consistently found to be associated with psychosis, and sociodemographic factors were not. There was inconsistent evidence available for all other risk factors. Individual study quality was low–moderate for the majority of studies. Heterogeneity in study outcomes precluded quantitative synthesis of outcomes across studies. Conclusion: The most consistent correlates of psychotic symptoms were increased frequency of methamphetamine use and dependence on methamphetamine. The findings of this review highlight the need for targeted assessment and treatment of methamphetamine use in individuals presenting with psychosis.
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Kim, D. "In Vivo Evidence for Long-term CNS Toxicity Associated with Chronic Binge use of Methamphetamine." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70665-0.
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Purpose:Methamphetamine has strong addictive characteristics and is a potent neurotoxin. We use Single PhotonEmission Computed Tomography (SPECT) to study brain perfusion in persons who were formerly chronic binge users of methamphetamine and who at the time of imaging had abstained from methamphetamine use for anaverage of 2 years.Methods:Members of the methamphetamine group were 20 men who had previously injected methamphetamine intravenously for over 30 months and who were now abstinent for a minimum of 9 months and for an average of 2 years. Controls were 12 healthy men who had never injected methamphetamine. Images were obtained 40 minutes after intravenous injection of 1110 MBq of Tc-99m ECD using a dual-head gamma camera (ECAM plus; Siemens).Results:The mean global count was significantly decreased in methamphetamine group compared with that of control group (p < 0.0001). After global normalization, rCBF in methamphetamine user group compared with the control group was significantly disproportionately reduced in the striatum, thalamus, cingulum, mesiodorsal prefrontal cortex, and pons. Furthermore, normalized rCBF was strongly intercorrelated across all regions where disproportionate hypoperfusion was identified, including striatum and thalamus (r=0.90), thalamus and cingulum (r=0.91), thalamus and pons(r=0.89), and striatum and pons (r=0.94).Conclusions:Binge use of methamphetamine produces long-term changes in global and regional blood flow producing a pattern of hypoperfusion that resembles patterns reported previously for persons with atypical Parkinson disease. These findings suggest that methamphetamine abusers may be at increased risk for neurodegenerative diseases later in life.
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Ondocsin, Jeff, Nicole Holm, Sarah G. Mars, and Daniel Ciccarone. "The motives and methods of methamphetamine and ‘heroin’ co-use in West Virginia." Harm Reduction Journal 20, no. 1 (July 12, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12954-023-00816-8.
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Abstract Background Opioid and methamphetamine co-use is increasing across the USA with overdoses involving these drugs also rising. West Virginia (WV) has led the US in opioid overdose death rates since at least 2013 and rising co-use of methamphetamine with opioids has played a greater role in deaths over the last 5 years. Methods This study used rapid ethnography to examine methods and motivations behind opioids and methamphetamine co-use from the viewpoint of their consumers. Participants (n = 30) were people who injected heroin/fentanyl also using methamphetamine who participated in semi-structured interviews. Results We found multiple methods of co-using opioids and methamphetamine, whether alternately or simultaneously and in varying order. Most prioritized opioids, with motives for using methamphetamine forming three thematic categories: ‘intrinsic use’, encompassing both inherent pleasure of combined use greater than using both drugs separately or for self-medication of particular conditions; ‘opioid assisting use’ in which methamphetamine helped people manage their existing heroin/fentanyl use; and ‘reluctant or indifferent use’ for social participation, reflecting methamphetamine’s low cost and easy availability. Conclusions Methamphetamine serves multiple functions among people using opioids in WV. Beliefs persist that methamphetamine can play a role in preventing and reversing opioid overdose, including some arguments for sequential use being protective of overdose. ‘Reluctant’ uptake attests to methamphetamine’s social use and the influence of supply. The impact on overdose risk of the many varied co-use patterns needs further investigation.
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Faust, Lauren G. "Dysphagia and Methamphetamine Use: Considerations for Speech-Language Pathologists." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, August 31, 2022, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2022_persp-22-00066.
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Purpose: Methamphetamine use increases the risk of medical conditions that may cause oropharyngeal dysphagia. This tutorial describes what is known about methamphetamine's effects and draws connections to a speech-language pathologist's (SLP's) practice in dysphagia assessment and treatment with this population. Method: Methamphetamine's mechanism of action and prevalence of use are explored. Research in speech-language pathology and related fields such as dentistry, pharmacology, psychology, and public health provides insights into how this drug may impact oropharyngeal swallowing function and treatment participation. Conclusions: Methamphetamine can have a profound impact on the user's medical, cognitive, and psychosocial status. Although patients with a history of methamphetamine use are commonly seen by SLPs, there is a lack of direct research investigating potential implications of use on swallowing physiology and treatment progress. Future directions for research are discussed.