Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Métaux critiques'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 43 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Métaux critiques.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Bur, Thomas. "Impact anthropique sur les éléments traces métalliques dans les sols agricoles de Midi-Pyrénées : Implications en termes de limites et de charges critiques." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPT025A.
Full textTrace metal element (ETM) concentrations measured in soils result from both primary mineral weathering and exogenous inputs due to anthropogenic activities. The necessity to protect soils against contamination led, in France, to the establishment of the Soil Quality Measurement Network (RMQS) to characterize the physico-chemical and environmental parameters of agricultural soils. Within this context, ETM concentrations were measured in 124 RMQS soil stations of Midi-Pyrénées region, as well as in a small experimental catchment (Auradé, Gers). ETM vertical dynamic has been characterized for each soil profile. ETM enrichment and REE anomalies were used to characterise pedogenetic processes and the different ETM behaviours among various soil types. ETM natural theoretical concentrations (geochemical background) were modelized. The difference between geochemical background values and measured concentrations were used to estimate anthropogenic contributions. 2 to 5% of the sampling stations are affected by important Cd enrichments, and 5 to 8% of the sites by Cu enrichments, particularly in surface soil horizons. The distribution of collembola, used as bioindicator of ETM impact on soil fauna, seems to be mainly affected by soil practices. ETM bioaccumulation by these organisms mainly concerns labile elements and is enhanced by low soil pH. Field observations were confirmed in laboratory on the biological model Folsomia Candida exposed to natural soil spiked with Cd and Pb. Cd toxicity and Pb in solution seems to be enhanced for high pH. The influence of these two ETM supplied separately or jointly has induced a decrease of F. Candida reproduction and growth. After the characterization of the relative sensibility of this species among the soil fauna, F. Candida reproduction was used to establish the critical concentration in order to preserve 95% of the reproduction function for 95% of soil fauna species. This concentration and the one currently used in Europe to protect microorganism functions were both used to calculate the maximum acceptable ETM flux for agricultural soil ecosystems, with the aim to avoid irremediable harmful effects to soil (critical load). Cd and Pb critical loads strongly depend on agricultural practices. Critical flux is exceeded by present flux for 34% and 80% of the RMQS sampling sites, respectively for Cd and Pb
Hily, Laurent. "Compétitions microscopiques et comportements critiques dans les plasmas de type Mx(MX)(1-x) avec M un métal alcalin et MX un sel alcalin-halogénure : une étude de la statique et de la dynamique atomiques menée en diffusion de neutrons." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10184.
Full textBen, Abdellah Abdellatif. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés de transport électronique d'alliages liquides à base de manganèse et de transport électronique et atomique du système gallium-plomb présentant une lacune de miscibilité." Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Ben_Abdellah.Abdellatif.SMZ9441.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the transport properties of liquid transition metals alloys and the atomic transport properties of the Ga-Pb system which exhibits a miscibility gap. We have measured the electrical resistivity of Al-Mn liquid alloys, which, is quasicristaline, in the solid state. We have also extended this investigation to Ga-Mn and Zn-Mn in order to examine the electrical resistivity evolution as a function of the position of the polyvalent metal in the periodic table. The resistivity has been calculated with the phases shifts m(Ef). Our calculation is based on two possible electronic configurations of manganese and two exchange treatments. We have improved our results in taking into acount the energy dependance of phase shifts and using the Fermi energy obtained by a fit on the experimentals resistivities of pure metals. In addition, we propose a simple method to determine the boundary of a miscibility gap for Ga-Pb system. The optimized phase diagram for Ga-Pb has been obtained by using the square-well potential. The purpose of the last part is the use of a new experimental technique to measure the interdiffusion coefficient in the non dilute binary Ga-Pb, which exhibits a miscibility gap. This technique is based on the use of a finite capillary to measure the resistivity of different section of the capillary enabling us to deduce the concentration profile
El-Mufleh, Amelène. "Répartition des micropolluants métalliques et organiques au sein de la matrice solides des sédiments issus de l'assainissement des eaux pluviales urbaines : comparaisons et critiques de méthodes de fractionnement." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDN0008.
Full textTo manage urban runoff, retention/infiltration ponds have frequently been implemented for several decades. Sediments that accumulate by settling at the bottom of the basins should be removed to maintain or restore the good functioning of these structures. However, these sediments are often highly contaminated by organic micropollutants (hydrocarbon) and trace metals. Pollutant distribution in the sediment solid phases is crucial with regards to: i) their potential transfer and bioavailability, ii) the treatment and the reuse of these sediments. The objective of this study is to determine the distribution of pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - PAHs and trace metals) in the solid matrix of three sediments from urban runoff retention/infiltration basins. Six methods of fractionation and chemical extractions coupled to chemical analysis and microanalysis of the solid have been carried out in this study. The results show that PAHs and trace metals are mostly contained in aggregates composed of mineral and organic phases. After disaggregation, it appears that these pollutants were mostly associated to fine particles (<63 µm), PAHs are only associated with organic matter, while trace metals are adsorbed on clays, metal oxides, carbonates and organic matter. A critical analysis of these methods and improvements are proposed for application to other sediments or contaminated soil with high levels of aggregation
Cásek, Petr. "Propriétés électroniques d'oxydes de métaux de transition." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112015.
Full textIn this work we report results of our theoretical studies of the electronic properties of two different types of transition metal oxides. In the first part, we concentrate on the structural and electronic properties of SrTiO3 overlayers on MgO(001) using density functional theory (DFT) within the local density approximation (LDA). In particular, we show that only the TiO2/MgO contact is thermodynamically stable, and that many characteristics of the true SrTiO3(001)/MgO(001) interface are recovered already when a SrTiO3 bilayer is adsorbed (e. G. , vanishing valence band offset, structural distortions, charge transfer, etc. ). Considering an oxygen vacancy at the interface, we show that its formation energy is basically determined by the one of the corresponding clean surface. In the second part, we focus on the optical response of the high-Tc cuprate superconductors. We use a simple many-body hamiltonian and the finite temperature perturbation theory to calculate the real part of the conductivity. In particular, we explore the origin of the onset located for optimum doped Yba2CU3O(7-[delta]) around ~ 350 cm^(-1). We also discuss the position and the shape of the peak in the effective spectral function W(w)
Oger, Loïc. "Corrosion sous contrainte et fragilisation par l'hydrogène d'alliages d'aluminium de la série 7xxx (Al-Zn-Mg) : identification des paramètres microstructuraux critiques pilotant l'endommagement à l'échelle locale." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19559/19/OGER_Loic_1_sur_2.pdf.
Full textNigon, Marc. "Une analyse critique de la méthode des pseudopotentiels appliquée aux métaux polyvalents et à leurs alliages binaires." Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120065.
Full textThis work is a critical analysis of the pseudopotential method applied to the determination of the interatomic structure of liquid polyvalent metals. We particularly used Bachelet, Hamann and Schlüter (BHS) and Shaw model potentials with the following problematical : is it an elaborated potential model which allow to satisfactorily represent the structure of different polyvalent metals and their alloys ? Our analysis suggests a further notice. For this reason, it seems to be reasonable to leave the "universal" first principles potential idea without any adjustable parameter. Consequently we preferred build an "hybrid" model potential having parameters directly optimised to the pure polyvalent metal structure. This work shows that such "hybrid" model compared to first principles models improves agreement between calculated structure and experimental data
Chevrier, Sarah. "Nouvelles membranes à base de matériaux 2D et procédés innovants pour la séparation sélective des ions et des gaz." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF017.
Full textOver the past decades, two-dimensional (2D) materials have triggered much research interest in membrane science and technology. Nanomaterial based membranes exhibit exceptional separation abilities for constituents of liquid or gas mixtures, owing to their unique chemical species transport properties. In addition, these membranes are a sustainable and cost-effective solution for various environmental challenges, including water treatment, metal recycling from electronic waste, and gas separation. Therefore, this PhD work presents the development and characterization of new membranes made of 2D materials for separating gases and ions. Firstly, vanadium pentoxide V₂O₅ based membranes have shown great potential in the separation of binary He/CO₂ and He/N₂ mixtures, surpassing the state of the art of some polymer and inorganic membranes. Secondly, membranes made of charged nanomaterials, such as Na-bentonite or phosphatoantimonic acid H₃Sb₃P₂O₁₄ (H3), have been used for ion separation through forward osmosis. H3 material exhibited exceptional silver selectivity, which could be particularly useful in the context of solar panel recycling. Furthermore, similar results were achieved using H3 modified phases by cation exchange. Finally, these membranes were also studied in an adapted forward osmosis microfluidic device with tangential flow
Ajana, Lofti. "Etude critique de méthodes d'essais en C. S. C. : application au cas des aciers inoxydables en milieu chloruré." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10593.
Full textPESTY, François. "Études calorimétriques des comportements multicritiques des phases ondes de densité de spin dans un composé moléculaire." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002744.
Full textCatinon, Mickaël. "Détermination de la pollution atmosphérique métallique : étude critique de l’utilisation des écorces d’arbres." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00554894.
Full textHuman activities are responsible for the atmospheric transfer of several types of compounds among which elements are present. One of the secondary effects of such transfer may be to affect human health and the functionality of ecosystems. After atmospheric transfer, a complex deposition of the elements occurs on the earth surface, with very unequal distribution, accumulation or dilution inducing quite different effects on water and soil composition and on the functionalities of living beings. The deposition process has been studied for approximately half a century on tree trunks. These organs constitute a very common vertical matrix on which quantitative or biomonitoring studies can be efficiently carried out, thus offering widely used routine tests. However, for a better exploitation of the information contained in such deposits, a much better understanding of this type of deposition was required. Such is the purpose of this report. A single tree species was chosen for this study: Fraxinus excelsior L. , a very common tree for our region, which was cultivated in the campus station and which could be found at several altitudes between 200 and 1700 m. Our methodological approach consisted in mixing two types of analytical techniques: ICP-MS and SEM-EDX which allowed to obtain an accurate concentration measurement of trace elements, a determination of their location or distribution at a microscopic scale and a chemical determination of the composition of crystallized or precipitated compounds. The time-scale of our studies on deposits ranged from 3 months to 40 years. Two types of fractions were analysed separately: a superficial one, on the stems, and another one, integrated inside the suber tissue and also inside other tissues. It was demonstrated that the superficial deposit was in fact a component of a specific small ecosystem characterized by a non-negligible photosynthetic rate and by a reviviscent ability. The superficial deposit is submitted to a partial lixiviation by rain. The suber tissue is a waterproof, apoplastic layer able to tightly retain most of the elements over long periods of time. It seems to be the best tissue for retaining atmospheric components over several decades. The deposit has several possible origins geogenic, biogenic or anthropogenic. In order to focus on this last fraction, a new system of calculation was conceived, which allows to determine the composition of an atmospheric anthropic elements fraction (AAEF). Moreover, this AAEF was fractionated into two parts, a dispersed one inside the deposit and a pattern of solid particles which were found either in the superficial deposit or inside the suber but not in the other tissues. A purification of the solid particles fraction was carried out, separating the water-soluble elements, the HNO3 2N-soluble ones and the solid residue. This last fraction contains most of the geogenic components, and of the Pb and Mn contents. The HNO3 fraction concentrates the elements such as Zn and Cu. The main purification steps are associated to the presence of the whole stock of dispersed K and Na inside the water phase and of Ca in the HNO3 fraction. This fractionation probably allows interesting speciation studies. With all these new experimental approaches, it seems possible to obtain realistic analyses of the historical and geographical distributions of elements deposits on different spatial scales
Baules, Pierre. "Etude par microscopie électronique de composés supraconducteurs à haute température critique. Evolution structurale induite par recuits ou substitutions." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30267.
Full textDuchêne, Thierry. "Optimisation des conditions d'emboutissage par simulation en étirage plan : étude critique du frottement et des paramètres rugosimétriques fonctionnels comme signatures de la sévérité du contact." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL028N.
Full textMarrache-Kikuchi, Claire Akiko. "Effets dimensionnels dans un système désordonné au voisinage des transitions métal-isolant et supraconducteur-isolant." Paris 11, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325067.
Full textLow temperature transport in disordered conducting materials imply quantum interference, Coulomb repulsion, and superconducting fluctuations. Since 2D is the lower critical dimension for the existence of metallic and superconducting states, we have studied two quantum phase transitions – the Superconductor-to-Insulator Transition (SIT) and the Metal-to-Insulator Transition (MIT) – when the thickness of a disordered system – here a-NbSi – is lowered. The underlying problem is the transition between the different states and the conditions for a 2D metal to exist. We have studied the field and disorder-induced SIT. The principal characteristics we have observed (renormalization, role of the field orientation) are well explained by M. P. A. Fisher's theory. However, we do not find the critical exponents values and a universal resistance at the transition as predicted by this theory. Concerning the MIT, we have decreased the thickness of a metallic system to reach the dimension 2 and an insulating state. In both transitions, the passage to the insulating state clearly shows the existence of dissipative states at zero temperature that are not predicted by conventional theories. We propose an interpretation of all our results that implies the existence of a novel phase in 2D, a Bose Metal, between the superconducting and the metallic states. This new state has been predicted by recent theories. We trace the corresponding phase diagram for the model system NbSi with respect to concentration and film thickness
Ghiringhelli-Jegoudez, Jocelyne. "Composés ternaires à caractère bidimensionnel graphite, métal alcalin, molécule organique : étude critique de l'insertion du furanne dans les binaire G/M (G = graphite, M = K, Rb, Cs)." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112106.
Full textThe possibility of ternarization of binary alkali metal-graphite intercalation compounds by numerous organic molecules was studied. Furan (Fu) will combine with practically all the M-GIC (M = K, Rb, Cs), thus yielding for instance, KFu0 ,75C8 or KFU2 ,2cn (n = 24, 36, 48, 72). Critical studies of the kinetics of ternarization, stoechiometries, stage of the ternary compounds and of the intercalation -desintercalation process were perfomed. This process is not fully reversible because of chemical reactions more complex than mere solvation of alkali metal. The role of charge transfer between the organic molecule and the other components is analysed
Krichewsky, Damien. "La Responsabilité Sociale d'Entreprise, un méta-encastrement des firmes : une analyse du cas indien." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/eo6779thqgm5r489m35qlgm39.
Full textThe PhD-thesis offers an original interpretation of the phenomenon of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a meta-embeddedment of firms. This interpretation is grounded in a multi-level empirical investigation of the Indian case. The first part begins with the presentation of an analytical framework, which uses the Polanyian notions of embeddedment and disembeddedment of the economic system to shed light on the relationships between firms and their social environment. The framework is subsequently deployed in a macrosociological study of the firm-society relationship in India. Three distinct configurations emerge. A form of “sociocultural” embeddedment of firms predominates from the 1860s to 1947. It gives way to a political and bureaucratic form of embeddedment, in a context of mixed economy (1948-1979). Contemporary India is experiencing a movement of disembeddedment of firms. This movement provokes the rise of a counter-movement of reembeddedment of firms, in which social movements play a central role. A constellation of actors produce CSR in response to this coupling between movements of disembeddedment and reembeddedment. The second part presents three monographs on cement plants operated or promoted by Lafarge India, which offer detailed observations of the conditions of emergence of the phenomenon of CSR. Combining a critical-realist approach and the sociology of Niklas Luhmann, a third part shows how CSR produces a meta-embeddedment of firms, which enables them to process the economic risks of the disembeddedment/reembeddedment coupling, both at an organizational level and at the systemic level of “global governance”
Turcotte, Mélissa. "La cognition et le fonctionnement socioprofessionnel chez les individus présentant un premier épisode psychotique : une méta-analyse et revue critique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68549.
Full textSchizophrenia is considered as one of the most debilitating mental illness and is associated with major indirect social costs, such as productivity lost. The first episode of psychosis, which usually occurs in late adolescence or early adulthood, may hamper the achievement of professional goals. Among the determinants associated with vocational functioning in first-episode psychosis, cognition seems to play a key role. Indeed, results of several studies suggest that cognitive deficits are significantly associated with returning to school or to work in first-episode psychosis. A meta-analysis was conducted in order to determine the magnitude of the associations between cognition and vocational functioning in first episode psychosis. Screening of identified references led to the inclusion of four articles (N = 729). Small to moderate association was found between global cognition and global vocational functioning (Zr = 0.21). The descriptive analysis showed that global neurocognition, verbal learning and attributional style were associated with vocational functioning. The descriptive analysis also revealed associations between positive and negative symptoms, social functioning, motivation as well as social amotivation and vocational functioning. Research and clinical guidelines will be discussed with regards to the concept of vocational functioning, key instruments and methodological caveats. A model of the components of vocational functioning will be discussed in order to better appreciate the multidimensional and complex nature of this concept. Finally, a discussion about the extension of relevant model is carried out in order to better consider cognition and first episode psychosis in interventions promoting vocational recovery.
Alvado, Alain. "Application de la méta-analyse à l'analyse critique en médecine physique et de réadaptation : l'exemple du traitement de la capsulite rétractile." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON11109.
Full textXu, Pu. "Les enjeux d’une théorisation de la traduction : l’expérience, l’à-traduire et la philosophie : une étude méta-théorique des trois discours traductologiques (Danica Seleskovitch, Antoine Berman et Jean-René Ladmiral)." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100088.
Full textWe will analyze three French theories of translation (Danica Seleskovitch, Antoine Berman and Jean-René Ladmiral) in our work. We will try to answer the question by our study: how is the translation theorized in the contempory time? What interests us most is the way of thinking the translation: the angle chosen to study the translation, the ground of observation, the questions which are studied in these three theories and the evolution of each theory. We would like to place this work in the framework of the meta-theoretical studies. We hope that it will help to understand the stakes of theorizing the translation in the contempory time. The experience of translation as the basis of the translation studies plays always an important role in the theorization of translation. It concerns especially the question of epistemology in the translation studies. The experience of translation is not used in the same way in these three theories. The question of to-be-translated (what should be transfered from the source text to the target text) is a central subject in the discussion about translation, because to define and to redefine this problem is the most powerful ̎engin" in theorizing the translation. The discussion about the to-be-translated involves the questions such as the sens, the effect, the litteralism and the ethics in the translation studies. The translation studies in the contemporary time are rather a field of reflexity. The philosophy as a discours of authority in the humains sciences influences the thoughts about translation
Marrache-Kikuchi, Claire. "Effets dimensionnels dans un système désordonné au voisinage des transitions métal-isolant et supraconducteur-isolant." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325067.
Full textSt-Laurent, Mei-Ra, and Mei-Ra St-Laurent. "Le métal noir québécois : l'analyse du récit identitaire d'une communauté black metal marginale." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37885.
Full textTableau d'honneur de la FÉSP
Cette thèse porte sur l’analyse du récit identitaire (découlant tant de la musique, de l’imagerie que du discours) de la communauté de métal noir québécois (MNQ). S’étant développée dans la province de Québec vers 2005, cette communauté toujours active renferme un certain nombre de groupes (dont Forteresse, Brume d’Automne et Chasse-Galerie) employant le style black metal. En provenance de l’Europe du Nord, ce style s’est constitué dans les années 1980 et traite principalement de thématiques occultes, de la valorisation des cultures préchrétiennes ou encore de nationalisme, et ce, à l’aide d’une réalisation sonore lo-fi. La particularité de la communauté de MNQ réside dans l’adaptation du style black metal au contexte québécois. Ainsi, les musiciens projettent une vision romantique d’un Québec indépendant tant à travers la musique, l’imagerie que les discours. Ce faisant, ceux-ci créent donc un récit identitaire, où les différents événements liés à l’histoire de la province sont revisités afin de mieux cadrer dans l’idéologie black metal à laquelle ils adhèrent. Pour mieux comprendre comment se structure le récit musical, ainsi que ceux découlant de l’interprétation des images des livrets et du discours des membres de la communauté, les concepts de récits phonographique, paraphonographique et communal ont été employés. La jonction de ces trois niveaux de récit (phonographique, paraphonographique et communal) permet de faire émerger le récit dit « identitaire », un concept élaboré par le philosophe Paul Ricoeur. En effet, celui-ci avance que notre identité personnelle et collective est ordonnée à travers la narration et que l’interprétation de différents événements historiques – par les membres d’une communauté donnée – forme un récit identitaire particulier. Afin de comprendre ce récit identitaire, j’ai mené 21 entretiens ethnographiques avec 25 membres de la communauté de MNQ et fait l’analyse d’un total de 48 chansons en provenance de 10 groupes. Ainsi, la jonction de ces niveaux de récit a favorisé une meilleure compréhension des éléments musicaux, visuels et discursifs spécifiques de cette communauté qui, en plus de réutiliser les codes idéologiques et esthétiques propres au black metal, puise dans les références culturelles et historiques québécoises.
Cette thèse porte sur l’analyse du récit identitaire (découlant tant de la musique, de l’imagerie que du discours) de la communauté de métal noir québécois (MNQ). S’étant développée dans la province de Québec vers 2005, cette communauté toujours active renferme un certain nombre de groupes (dont Forteresse, Brume d’Automne et Chasse-Galerie) employant le style black metal. En provenance de l’Europe du Nord, ce style s’est constitué dans les années 1980 et traite principalement de thématiques occultes, de la valorisation des cultures préchrétiennes ou encore de nationalisme, et ce, à l’aide d’une réalisation sonore lo-fi. La particularité de la communauté de MNQ réside dans l’adaptation du style black metal au contexte québécois. Ainsi, les musiciens projettent une vision romantique d’un Québec indépendant tant à travers la musique, l’imagerie que les discours. Ce faisant, ceux-ci créent donc un récit identitaire, où les différents événements liés à l’histoire de la province sont revisités afin de mieux cadrer dans l’idéologie black metal à laquelle ils adhèrent. Pour mieux comprendre comment se structure le récit musical, ainsi que ceux découlant de l’interprétation des images des livrets et du discours des membres de la communauté, les concepts de récits phonographique, paraphonographique et communal ont été employés. La jonction de ces trois niveaux de récit (phonographique, paraphonographique et communal) permet de faire émerger le récit dit « identitaire », un concept élaboré par le philosophe Paul Ricoeur. En effet, celui-ci avance que notre identité personnelle et collective est ordonnée à travers la narration et que l’interprétation de différents événements historiques – par les membres d’une communauté donnée – forme un récit identitaire particulier. Afin de comprendre ce récit identitaire, j’ai mené 21 entretiens ethnographiques avec 25 membres de la communauté de MNQ et fait l’analyse d’un total de 48 chansons en provenance de 10 groupes. Ainsi, la jonction de ces niveaux de récit a favorisé une meilleure compréhension des éléments musicaux, visuels et discursifs spécifiques de cette communauté qui, en plus de réutiliser les codes idéologiques et esthétiques propres au black metal, puise dans les références culturelles et historiques québécoises.
This thesis refers to the analysis of the identity-based narrative (resulting from music, imagery and speech) of the Québec black metal community (MNQ). Having developed in the province of Quebec around 2005, this still active community contains several groups (including Forteresse, Brume d’Automne and Chasse-Galerie) using the black metal style. Coming from Northern Europe, this style was created in the 1980s and deals mainly with occult topics, the valorization of pre-Christian cultures or even nationalism, and this, with the help of a lo-fi sound production. The particularity of the MNQ community lies in the adaptation of the black metal style to the Québec context. Thus, musicians project a romantic vision of an independent Québec through music, imagery and speeches. In doing so, they create an identity-based narrative, where the various events related to the history of the province are revisited to better fit into the black metal ideology to which they adhere. To better understand how the musical narrative is structured, as well as those arising from the interpretation of the images of the booklets and the discourse of the members of the community, the concepts of phonographic, paraphonographic and communal narrative were used. The junction of these three levels of narrative makes it possible to reveal the « identity-based » narrative, a concept elaborated by the philosopher Paul Ricoeur. Indeed, he argues that our personal and collective identity is ordered through narrative and that the interpretation of different historical events – by the members of a given community – forms a particular identity-based narrative. To understand this identity-based narrative, I conducted 21 ethnographic interviews with members of the community and performed the analysis of 48 songs total from 10 MNQ groups. Thus, the junction of these levels of narrative has fostered a better understanding of the specific musical, visual and discursive elements of this community which, in addition to reusing the ideological and aesthetic codes specific to black metal, draws on Québec cultural and historical references.
This thesis refers to the analysis of the identity-based narrative (resulting from music, imagery and speech) of the Québec black metal community (MNQ). Having developed in the province of Quebec around 2005, this still active community contains several groups (including Forteresse, Brume d’Automne and Chasse-Galerie) using the black metal style. Coming from Northern Europe, this style was created in the 1980s and deals mainly with occult topics, the valorization of pre-Christian cultures or even nationalism, and this, with the help of a lo-fi sound production. The particularity of the MNQ community lies in the adaptation of the black metal style to the Québec context. Thus, musicians project a romantic vision of an independent Québec through music, imagery and speeches. In doing so, they create an identity-based narrative, where the various events related to the history of the province are revisited to better fit into the black metal ideology to which they adhere. To better understand how the musical narrative is structured, as well as those arising from the interpretation of the images of the booklets and the discourse of the members of the community, the concepts of phonographic, paraphonographic and communal narrative were used. The junction of these three levels of narrative makes it possible to reveal the « identity-based » narrative, a concept elaborated by the philosopher Paul Ricoeur. Indeed, he argues that our personal and collective identity is ordered through narrative and that the interpretation of different historical events – by the members of a given community – forms a particular identity-based narrative. To understand this identity-based narrative, I conducted 21 ethnographic interviews with members of the community and performed the analysis of 48 songs total from 10 MNQ groups. Thus, the junction of these levels of narrative has fostered a better understanding of the specific musical, visual and discursive elements of this community which, in addition to reusing the ideological and aesthetic codes specific to black metal, draws on Québec cultural and historical references.
Bera, Camille. "Le Black Métal : un genre musical entre transgression et transcendance." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR087.
Full textBlack Metal is an underground musical genre, descended from Heavy Metal and born in the late 80s in Scandinavia. In this dissertation, we are aiming to reconstruct its genesis before showing how it builds its aesthetics alongside the concepts of transgression and transcendence. Taking a fundamentally multidisciplinary perspective, we aim to maximise the genre’s characteristic parameters by addressing a large number of bands, mostly from Europe. The analysis addresses both the lyrics and the accompanying music, including the harmonic, melodic and rhythmical elements of the speech and the various instrumental techniques. Black Metal’s stage attitudes and iconography are also important contributions to the overall modes of expression. They have all been analysed in the context of the musicians’ personal ideologies, ethics, and beliefs, including their literary, philosophical and spiritual aspects, to provide a holistic understanding of this thirty-year-old genre
Lopez, Matthias Paul. "Test expérimental de l’universalité de la transition d’Anderson avec des atomes froids : indépendance de l’exposant critique ν face aux détails microscopiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10048/document.
Full textIn solid state physics, the study of the effects of disorder led to the discovery of a phase transition. For weak disorder, the solid is a conductor, whereas for strong disorder it becomes an insulator. This is known as the “Anderson transition” or as the “metal-insulator transition”, and can be characterized by a critical exponent ν. It is theoretically predicted that this exponent’s value is universal, i.e., that it is not determined by the microscopic details, but only by the symmetries of the Hamiltonian.The experimental realization of such a system in condensed matter is rather difficult. Decoherence effects cannot neglected and affect critical exponent’s value. To circumvent this phenomenon, we use cold atoms to experimentally realize a kicked rotor. The quantum dynamics of such a system are known to mimic those of the solid state problem. We hence test different sets of parameters controlling the statistical properties of the disorder, and show that the critical exponent ν is independent. We hereby prove the universality of the transition, and determine experimentally its universality class : the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble. We will then detail an important change in the experimental setup : the installation of a vertical standing wave, and of a time-of-flight velocimetric detection
Issa, Gonçalves Daniel. "Le méta-opéra baroque (1715-1745) : satire et parodie comme sources d’informations sur la pratique musicale au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL189.
Full textOpera, or melodramma, is one of the most important cultural phenomena of eighteenth-century Italy. According to Des Brosses (1709-1777) this genre seemed to be even more prized than spoken theater. The importance and popularity of the melodramma in Italian social and cultural life was such that many musical parodies and satires were produced. In the eighteenth-century, these "operas about opera" became so popular, they constituted a separated "micro-genre", which musicologists claim existed between 1715 and 1827. These operas are called, in the musicological literature, metaopera or metamelodramma. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the parodies and satires which deal with the profession of the musicians and singers active in opera, from the point of view of the musicians themselves. This allows us to identify references relating to the practice, habits, and clichés of the profession (musical practices, social situation of musicians, etc.), which do not necessarily appear in usual historical and critical sources. The analysis of these works provide an unique opportunity to explore the world of the musical production of the eighteenth century, which is parodied and criticized by satire in its own language and by its own actors and protagonists. Despite their caricatural nature, these works are a reflection of musicians, librettists, composers, and other actors of the musical scene on their own profession, and illustrates in a comical and lively way, the situation of the musical business in the eighteenth century
Turbé, Sophie. "Observation de trois scènes locales de musique métal en France : pratiques amateurs, réseaux et territoire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0391/document.
Full textA multisited ethnography of three local metal scenes in France. Amateurs practices, networks and territory. How a musical passion can be connected to the territory or, in other words, what links a musical "scene" — in the sense of a local world of art — to its location ? The world of metal inform the manifestations of the musical passion of its fans through a continuum of practices, which are the supports of the sphere of consumption and production of local metal scenes. To reach a better understanding of this local anchoring of the world of metal, we have implemented an ethnographic study of the coordination mechanisms of musical expression and production in the context of local scenes, through the observation of three local metal scenes in France. This ethnographic study shows that the collective agency of music amateurs is always attached to a territory, as well as depending of the musical objects — local and translocation — that guide their practices and their trajectories. The observation of the forms of anchoring and of the mobilities, both of objects and humans, that contribute to the production of these scenes, reminds us that music amateurs always operate within the frame of a local territory. Their collective action is always caught in an entanglements of scales and networks actors, meaning that we cannot reduce the observation of a musical world to practice operated alone and behindclosed doors
Sapio, Giuseppina. "La pratique des home movies. Culture audiovisuelle et genèse de la méta-famille." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA186.
Full textMy research concerns the evolution in France of home movie filming from the 1960s (Super 8 films) to the present (digital films) and the changes that have affected the family unit during this period. It brings together a theoretical dimension, the symbolic implications of the practice, and an empirical one, the findings emerging from an exploratory case study of six French families shooting home movies. Based on the psychological, social and cultural study of these families, the multidisciplinary approach of this piece, combined with a qualitative methodology (in the form of several in-depth interviews with the members of those families), is meant to explore how family images and conversations help individuals to think about themselves and their roles within their groups. I conceived my field survey as a form of role-play in which the subjects were supposed to show me their home movies and talk about them: I interviewed family members separately (for instance, the parents together and then their children) about the same home movies in order to find out how people give several interpretations of the same representation of a family event. I will argue that the making of home movies contributes to a family’s sense of self-awareness by introducing a concept that I have named the meta-family. Thanks to the interactions in shooting home movies and the different types of verbalisation, the family is allowed to think about itself. The meta-family is not the real family, shooting or watching images, but represents the conscious and unconscious workings of the family members produced with, and through, the images. The evolution of the technical age and technologies in the practice of home movies has followed, recorded and sometimes predicted those conscious and unconscious changes within the family unit
Champris, Arnaud de. "Système de la littérature : contribution à l'étude du cosmopolitisme littéraire de Jorge Luis Borges : introduction au méta-texte de Jorge Luis Borges." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040271.
Full textThe present thesis looks for, into a corpus of fifty seven narrations of Jorge Luis Borges, modes and phases of the text production: a semiologic and phenomenological method, in a comparatist perspective, intents to show the writing essentially meta-textual of Borges and his double structure abysmal and potential, through a code whose signs are all "literary references"
Thomasette, David. "La philosophie à l'âge de la science : édition commentée d'un livre inachevé de Jules Vuillemin." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0271.
Full textIn the mid-1990s, Jules Vuillemin (1920-2001) was working on a book entitled Être et choix. Éléments de philosophie réaliste, intended to present in systematic form his last philosophy. The aim of our work is to study it from the text, unfinished, held by the Archives Vuillemin (Laboratoire d'Histoire des Sciences et de Philosophie – UMR 7117). To achieve this, we organized our work in two arts. In the first part, we provide a general introduction to the text of Vuillemin. Its objective is to report factually the status of the manuscript (versions, dating), and to provide an overall interpretation of it. We support in particular that the philosophical position of Vuillemin, which we call skeptical realism is linked to his meta-philosophical position, which we call critical pluralism. According to our interpretation, it is mainly the weaknesses of intuitionistic position that guided Vuillemin to choose realism. We show it in particular in the field of the sensible world, morality, and mathematics. In the second part, we present a transcription of Vuillemin's manuscript accompanied by a linear comment. After the synthetic approach of the introduction, the method adopted here is an analysis of the text. In the first chapter, “Qu'est-ce que la philosophie ?”, we show that pluralism defended by Vuillemin produced a change in method leading it to adopt an anti-foundational conception of ontological beliefs. In the second chapter, “La réalité sensible”, we argue that Vuillemin tries to refute idealism from an intuitionistic point of view, using arguments close to those used by Poincaré in his theory of representative space, and Merleau-Ponty in his phenomenology of perception, but this attempt results in a partial failure. We interpret this as another reason that prompted Vuillemin to reject intuitionism in favor of realism. Finally, in the third chapter, “L'institution de l'homme”, we show that the investigation of the natural signals of perception should logically extend to a survey of linguistic signs to introduce the only category to refer to Platonic Ideas, which Vuillemin called pure predication
Ehrsam, Raphaël. "Le problème du langage chez Kant." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010712.
Full textFaure, Benjamin. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux catalyseurs hétérogènes pour la dépollution de l'air." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3493/.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to synthesize and optimize new heterogeneous catalysts for air pollution control. These catalysts are nanomaterials produced from a sol / gel process developed at room temperature and in aqueous solution. By adjusting some key parameters of the synthesis, it is possible to control crystalline structure, morphology, size, porosity, and dispersion of the submicron particles in the solution. Sol viscosity is easily adjustable and these dispersions can be deposited on different types of substrates, which represents a significant advantage for the shaping of materials known as "functional". This study focuses on two major families of materials: mesoporous aluminas and mixed transition metal oxides. Initially, we synthesized gamma alumina based catalysts with tunable porosity, by combining the use of nonionic surfactants (triblock copolymers) with the addition of metal nitrates in a nanoparticle boehmite sol (AlOOH). The removal of the surfactant during the heat treatment required for the conversion of the boehmite to gamma alumina, keeps a highly porous network. The pore distribution is strongly dependent on the concentration and type of used metal nitrate, it is possible to tune the volume of the porous material from 0. 3 to 2. 6 cm3/g and the average pore size from 5 to 40 nm. In addition, all these materials have a very large specific surface area, ranging from 300 to 500 m2/g. Transition aluminas have high thermal stability, however, beyond a limit temperature (< 900°C) the crystal structure of these metastable aluminas progressively evolves to alpha alumina (corundum) which is the thermodynamically stable form. This transformation is accompanied by a drastic decrease of porosity and specific surface area (< 1 m²/g). We have shown that the addition of lanthanum nitrate can greatly stabilize transition alumina at high temperature. Indeed they can maintain a high porosity even after calcination at 1200°C (Sp = 70 m2/g and Vp = 0. 6 cm3/g). This stabilization can be explained by the combination of two effects, the adsorption of the copolymer on the acicular boehmite particles prevents their rearrangement during drying and helps maintain a porous network after calcination, and the inhibition of the sintering through the formation of thermally stable species between surface active sites (highly electrophilic site) and the lanthanum atoms. The second part of this study focuses on the preparation of mixed-oxide spinel catalysts for oxidation at low temperature (< 50°C) of carbon monoxide (CO) and propane (C3H8). These materials have been prepared by two different synthetic routes: the precipitation of metal hydroxides in dilute medium and precipitation of mixed oxalates. In the case of the precipitation of hydroxides, to synthesize materials having a wide range of specific surface area and porosity, various parameters have been studied (pH, addition of surfactants, oxidizing agent) leading to preparation of oxides whose pores are much higher than those reported in the literature (Sp = 240 m2/g and Vp = 1. 7 cm3/g). The second synthetic route used involves two steps, the precipitation of mixed oxalates followed by thermal decomposition under reduced oxygen partial pressure (4%). The precise control of the decomposition reaction, strongly exothermic, allows for high surface area materials. Systems giving the best conversion rates at low temperature are compositions rich in cobalt. Among them, some catalysts are capable to oxidize propane from 80°C, this exceptional performance is well above the best catalysts reported in the literature even those containing precious metals
Baudry, Claire. "Interactions mère-enfant et le développement durant la petite enfance : un lien causal? : méta-analyse : Les interventions offertes aux mères adolescentes favorisent-elles le développement cognitif de leur enfant? Un examen critique du lien de causalité entre la qualité des interactions mère-enfant et le développement cognitif." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28850/28850.pdf.
Full textLimelette, Patrice. "Propriétés de transport de systèmes électroniques fortement corrélés." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003545.
Full textBoldrini, Miranda. "Éthique, imagination et réalité chez Iris Murdoch." Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0039.
Full textThe thesis focuses on Iris Murdoch's (1919-1999) moral thought. The research aims to show Murdoch's heterogenic and innovator role within contemporary moral philosophy, in particular in the analytic tradition. Murdoch's philosophical perspective is analyzed in three axes : the relationship between ethics and language ; moral psychology ; the relationship between philosophical method and normativity. The thesis shows Murdoch's contribution to some central debates of contemporary philosophical ethics, notably : the critic of the dichotomy between fact and value ; moral perfectionism ; and the critic of "scientism" and the kind of non-scientific naturalism Murdoch conceive for ethics. Through this analysis, both theoretical and historical, the research argues that Murdoch played a crucial role in the constitution of an alternative line of analytic moral philosophy : a "philosophy of the ordinary" inheriting from Wittgenstein, which consider philosophical reflection as conceptual elucidation interested in ordinary moral life. In this perspective, the thesis explores the relationship between Murdoch's moral thought and contemporary ethics of care along with feminist approaches interested in moral epistemology, in order to show that what Murdoch offers for ethics is a "different moral epistemology"
Berthier, Serge. "Théories de la fonction diélectrique optique des milieux inhomogènes : application aux propriétés électromagnétiques des cermets." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066283.
Full textPoccia, Daniele. "L’errore errante. La forma-filosofia tra pensiero delle tecniche e logica del vivente." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL044.
Full textError is a philosophical item that involves the statute of philosophical inquiry itself, a practice which aims to track down, as such as «science of the truth» (according to Aristotle), the possibility wherein error entirely consists. In parallel, that means to understand the relation between machine and organism, because the error can appear only in function of an anticipation of experience (or its retrospective observation), entailed materially, even before cognitively, by a biological or technical creative act. Georges Canguilhem and Raymond Ruyer have explicitly considered this problem, criticizing the positivistic idea about scientific derivation of technics as well as the irreducible distinction between living beings and artificial realities. Throughout the works of these two thinkers, the dissertation attempts to explain this fundamental relationship and to set up how error subverts every effort to fix a definitive ontology. Evaluating also others perspectives (like Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s view or the Jean Cavaillès and the unknow Louis Weber’s contributions), the argumentation leads to argue, furthermore, that, to clarify gnoseological and ontological problems, it is necessary to strictly follow the scientific discursivity and the pluralistic logics laid out by it. A pluralistic technics’ thought, based on autonomous gestures and on their unpredictable consequences, has to be reconnected to a logic of life which is the same order of the logic – the form – of philosophical discourse. Error should operate like an onto-poietic device and determine only a kind of genuine reality: research
Rivera, Santillan Rosa Elva. "Flottation ionique des cations métalliques par les collecteurs à longue chaîne : Application aux ions BA**(2+) et GA**(3+)." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10241.
Full textTragangoon, Arruck. "Etude d'assemblages multi-matériaux par boulonnage, par fixation avec insert et par collage d'une structure composite." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM048.
Full textTo reduce the weight of vehicles, the multi-material structures with composite materials have been used in the automotive industries. However, the joints are considered as the weakest parts of the structure. In this work, the joining methods used for metal/ composite automotive seat, including a mechanical joint, a threaded insert and an adhesive joint, have been studied. The components of the seat under consideration were made of woven composite (glass/PA6) and short fiber composite (glass/PA66). The mechanical behaviors of the studied materials, including adhesives, have been modeled based on the experimental results. For parts containing an open-hole and for mechanical joints, the characteristic volume has been used to determine the failure of woven composite. In the case of adhesive joints, the characteristic length has been used to determine the failure. Single lap shear tests and the torsion tests on a bonded structure were conducted and simulated. For the failure of short fiber composite structure, the material strength has been evaluated as a function of local fiber orientation. The tensile tests on the short fiber composite connecting rod were conducted and simulated. Finally, the proposed constitutive laws and failure prediction methods were applied for the simulation of the automotive seat under crash test condition
Saket, Walid. "Le concept de "personnage poétique" dans Les Fleurs du Mal et Le Spleen de Paris de Charles Baudelaire : Fonctions et significations." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF20015/document.
Full textThe objectives of the present work are attempting to define the concept of'' poetic character” in'' Les Fleurs du Mal” and” Le Spleen de Paris” as well as trying to deduce the functions and meanings implied in that concept. A process of conceptualization will be our first part .This part will rely on existing critics on this subject to finally give the appropriate statutes to creatures inhabiting these two works. We suggested to study through specific examples the way the works of Baudelaire treat this concept particularly when it comes to moving from free verse poem to prose poem. Thus, adjacent concepts have emerged in the course of our analysis such as the notion of mythical or allegorical figure. Talking about '' poetic character “is so delicate especially in this generic difference that imposes binding shades of meaning. But the fact is that we were able to grant the status of characters to many creatures whether in ‘Les Fleurs du Mal ‘or in ‘Spleen de Paris’. In fact, they can be defined according to the criteria usually reserved to character i.e., do, say, the psychological dimension… However, this status is not that evident when we notice that in these two works the same creature could sometimes jointly be treated as character and figure. Once this work was done, our task was to study the functions of these'' characters'' and '' figures'' in the context of the overall aesthetics of Baudelaire. Consequently, we could see a process of duplication and dialogism between the poet and his creatures. Tackled as his doubles; these creatures embody the poet’s claims and his avant-gardist aesthetic convictions
Driss, Khodja Kouider. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la fonction diélectrique des milieux inhomogènes 2D et 3D." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES018.
Full textSevrin-Jaloustre, Séverine. "Appréciation quantitative des risques pour l'évaluation de mesures de maîtrise sanitaire dans une filière agro-alimentaire. Application à Clostridium perfringens en restauration hospitalière." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00781728.
Full textCatinon, Mickaël. "Détermination de la pollution atmosphérique métallique : étude critique de l'utilisation des écorces d'arbres." Phd thesis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00554894.
Full textFroidevaux, Sandra. "Faits, valeurs et non-cognitivisme : une analyse critique." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16557.
Full textDUBOS, Pascal. "Transport électronique dans les nanojonctions supraconducteur - métal normal - supraconducteur." Phd thesis, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004264.
Full text