Academic literature on the topic 'Metatheoretical schema'

The human resources of any given organisation are the greatest assets that should be managed in order to attain desired performance goals. Thus, human resources management is the bedrock of all management activities in any formal work setting. In the bid to achieve organizational goals, there is need to manage the human resources with established knowledge which scientifically related methods yield. This is termed human resources management theory which is a system of interconnected propositions that condenses and organizes the knowledge about the social world, nay work organizations and explains the workings of the work organizations. Secondary data were garnered to elicit information for the analysis of the paper which presents relevant theories of industrial organizations and critically analysed them so as to acquaint us with the knowledge and effectiveness of the theories. This is essentially a metatheoretical schema for theories adopted in the motivation of human resources in order to attain deeper understanding of theories of human resources management.

The study provides rationale for meta-theoretical interpretation of a special type of a literary text – the one based on ultimate reflexion. The analysis rests on “camp prose” works characterized by a significant degree of abstraction on the part of the subject of narration and the possibility of contaminating the objective reality phenomena and the ones of personal reflexive reality within the framework of an “objective” observer description. The authors specify the meta-language of the first level abstraction and the peculiarities of constructing the analyzed type of text as a certain acting scheme for both the literary text producer and the recipient. The proposed scheme incorporates a peculiar cognitive experience (featuring creativity, abstraction, intuition and reflexivity) and a new phenomenological reflexion that imply a new way of realizing different types of experience within the scope of reflexive reality. The texts based on ultimate reflexion are defined as verbal-psycho-emotive entities that can trigger a certain state of consciousness in the process of reading and objectify different sense overtones implied by the author.

AbstractFollowing recent developments in the literature on axiomatic theories of truth, we investigate an alternative to the widespread habit of formalizing the syntax of the object-language into the object-language itself. We first argue for the proposed revision, elaborating philosophical evidences in favor of it. Secondly, we present a general framework for axiomatic theories of truth with ‘disentangled’ theories of syntax. Different choices of the object theory O will be considered. Moreover, some strengthenings of these theories will be introduced: we will consider extending the theories by the addition of coding axioms or by extending the schemas of O, if present, to the entire vocabulary of our theory of truth. Finally, we touch on the philosophical consequences that the theories described can have on the debate about the metaphysical status of the truth predicate and on the formalization of our informal metatheoretic reasoning.

The article considers the specifics of the modern studies of the media and mass communications. It describes the possibility and the necessity of metatheoretic research in this field similarly to the studies in social sciences. The authors stress the need for analytical research aimed at conceptualizing the existing approaches to the media studies. The paper presents the methods and the results of the analysis of the dissertations in 10.01.10 — Journalism which belong to the period from 2012 to 2016. This period was chosen as a relevant one taking into account the necessity of studying the real state of the modern media research projects with a possibility of identifying certain dynamics of the researchers’ interest in the context of digitization, extension of communication space and transformation of sociocultural practices. The communication process scheme was taken as a basis of the empirical analysis. It includes a communicator, a channel of communication, its content, audience and communication effect and is completed by contextual factors of interaction. Taking into account the obtained empirical data, the study demonstrates the misbalance of the scholars’ attention to different elements of the communication process and the stress on separate elements of the mass communication process. It also points out the lack of studies dedicated to the modern media audience. The authors trace certain disproportion of the scientific knowledge structure about the media sphere, the lack of generalizations and also emphasize the difficulties in the description of the subject-object field of the media studies caused by inconstancy and changeability of the media landscape. The authors suppose that the typological specifics of dissertation works on journalism and mass communications could be seen as a factor of a general media theory construction.

The goal of the proposed study is a radical reorganization on a cyclical-deed basis of the stages of the historical formation of methodological concept of consciousness in the theory of activity and STA(system-thought-activity)-methodology as a well-known domestic philosophical trend of the second half of the XX century. (G.P. Shchedrovitsky and his school). The process of updating the principles and norms of the STA-approach to understanding the category and mechanism of consciousness became possible due to metatheoretical guidance in its interpretation as an attributive invariant-way of human existence in interpenetration and unity of its modalities such as noumenal and phenomenal, transcendent and immanent, unknowable and cognizable, speechless and speechful, indefinite (unnamed) and signified (named). To solve this supertask, three search steps were performed, which reveal as the author’s vision of the problematic context of philosophical methodologization in working with consciousness and the main modes of its comprehension (consciousness-phenomenon, consciousness-noumen, consciousness-category, conscious experience, consciousness of being) in the format of integral directions of philosophy development (ontology, metaphysics, phenomenology, polymethodology), as well as principles, conditions and features of system-thought-activity ideas about consciousness as a conceptual means of methodological work and intellectual basis and, at the same time a resource of collective and individual thinking activity. First of all, starting from the reasoned distinction of two research strategies of cognition-construction of reality (scientific-natural and metaphysical), which form essentially different ontological pictures of consciousness, it is concluded about the extensiveness and even deadlock of the first and heuristics and productivity of the second. The last one requires not only the critical-reflexive usage of the existing scope of philosophical knowledge, but also the implementation of competent philosophical methodologization on the way to creating a metatheory of consciousness. In fact, such work, within the defined range of goals and tasks and carried out in the format of this study: according to the principle of quintessence, the optimal number of modes of consciousness understanding is singled out, where each of them is subject to meta-description by definition, essential features and functional characteristics, and constructed a fivefold thought-scheme, which in the post-non-classical style mutually reconciles these understanding modes. In the main part of the semantic metaconsideration of the raised methodological issues it is proved that the cultural achievements of STA-methodology in comprehension of the resource potential of human consciousness are unique, firstly, considering the departure of its representatives from the scientific-subject consideration of the phenomenon of consciousness, and the implementation of a purely methodological approach, secondly, considering the peculiarities of their advocated way of using the category of consciousness, namely as a conceptual means, thought-toolkit. Yes, there is every reason to believe that G.P. Shchedrovitskiy and his circle members carried out a full-fledged act of collective thinking activity, particularly in joint understanding work with the sphere of consciousness, which we reconstructed at the stages of canonical thinking-deed: 1) s i t u a t i o n a l stage – conceptual and categorical elaboration of the problem of consciousness is carried out on the achievements of logic, and later methodology, with their main subject – thinking and setting for the creation of its content-genetic theory by means of activity approach; 2) m o t i v a t i o n a l – consciousness, starting from the generalizations of the cultural-historical theory of the development of higher psychic functions of L.S. Vygotskiy, was comprehenced as an intellectual means of domestication and socialization of the person through the mastery of signs as an instrument of determining influence of intersubjective cooperation with others as opposed to the secondary value of knowledge, the functionalities of consciousness; 3) a c t i o n – a wide sign-instrumental use of the concept and category of consciousness in collective and individual thinking activity, especially in such conceptual organizations as “scoreboard of consciousness”(the flow of consciousness, which is intended for both objective actions and on knowledge), “mechanisms of consciousness” (generate thinking in sensual form as images or objective perceptions, or sign form), “pure consciousness” (spontaneous, meaningless, unstructured, self-causal – independent of the experience of sensual perception, from the action of any empiricism), “organized consciousness” (rhythmically balanced in functioning, filled with psychocultural formations, although not durable, fluid, requires considerable internal (motivational, intellectual, volitional, etc.) efforts of the person for its maintenance, harmonization of all available material which has got to its spherical flow of life), herewith pure consciousness, organizing, loses its spontaneity, is freed; 4) a f t e r-a c t i o n – substantiation of reflexivity as one of the main determinants of the cooperation effectiveness of several acts of activity, and at the same time maturity and perfection of consciousness; reflection is responsible for the organization of consciousness, which, however, itself structurally determines the reality of reflection; only in the reflexively enriched, thought-communicative organizational space of methodological seminars and sessions, organizational and organizational-action games do the functionalities of consciousness find their sign-semantic shelter, witness settlement (primarily in texts, formulas, schemes, models, drawings).

The methodological research is devoted to the substantiation of the composition, structure, functions, content filling and features of interpretation and usage by the scientist-thinker the categorical matrix of theoretical psychology as an original world of metatheoretical self-reflexive thought-activity. At the same time the cyclical-deed organizational scheme to achieve this goal is purposefully implemented, which focuses on four interdependent fundamental perspectives-stages of cognitive creativity development: a) in the frameworks of outstanding achievements of the most influential scientific schools of domestic and foreign time-space of the XX-th century concerning the creation of a categorical system of psychological science in general and theoretical psychology in particular from different worldviews (situational component); b) in the format of the author’s definition of segments or dimensions of the subject field of this relatively new and so far little elaborated by intellectuals direction of modern psychology development (psychological cognition as a thought activity, fundamental problems of psychology, methodological principles and approaches, tasks, problem and versions of creation of psychology’s categorical order – motivational component); c) in a logically reasoned set of interdependent conditions, regularities, procedures and characteristics of implementation of a typological approach as an accurate, perfect and at the same time multi-module and multifunctional tool of professional methodological work (active component); d) in the complementarity of metatheoretization and reflexive methodologization, when analytical-synthetic mastering is subject to both available in psychological discourse conceptual and categorical definitions and formulations, and the canonical model of theoretical psychology, which essentially appears as an aspect of human existence and in a taxonomically perfect composition of harmonized between each other themes and categorical definitions (post-action component). For the transition from a naturalistic approach in cognition of mental reality and hence from numerous theories of mental and self-sufficient object-centered thinking to self-reflexive directed metatheoretization of psychological science over one’s own achievements on the historical canvas of humankind cultural development by actualizing universal resources of methodological thinking and, therefore, to the heights of theoretical psychology, the author substantiates a five-module methodological optics of the study of its categorical order, covering a functionally level-by-level set of lenses-tools of methodologization at the levels: s p e c i f i c – is a quaternary or quintet thought-scheme as a basic material-means of methodological activity implementation; s i n g u l a r – the construction of a categorical matrix, which allows the creation of 12 systematic taxa of categorical quaternity, semantically presenting theoretical psychology as a separate newly emerging conscious layer of human existence; s p e c i a l – a typological approach in the dialectical mosaic of its categories, principles, norms, procedures, parameters and intellectual means, which allows to obtain a perfect typology in its optimal invariant - the categorical matrix; g e n e r a l – the sphere of professional methodologization-as-practice, which is a dialectical continuation and thought-deed concretization of the world of methodology-as-teaching in its central link – methodological thinking; u n i v e r s a l – a vitacultural methodology that not only enriches the semiotic completeness of culture and expands the existential horizons of consciousness, but also enables the thought-active and thought-deed practice of high perfection. It is proved that, unlike numerical tables, categorical matrices on construction, semantic attachment, internal combination of elements, methodological purpose and functional field of influence on multiplication of ideal forms of thinking-thought activity of human conscious ability make original and heuristic, though supercomplicated tool of cognition and methodologization, and therefore characterize the latest stage in the evolution of rational-humanitarian knowledge in its core – the categorical genesis of both individual sciences and interdisciplinary directions of cognitive creativity. Five advantages of this self-sufficient author’s tool are rubriced and argued in the work: fundamentality of epistemic content filling, logicity of form and way of obtaining categorical ensemble, optimality of structure and internal balance of taxonomic categories configuration, ideality of constructed and designed as a theoretical model of a holistic picture of categories in their harmonious synthesis, practicality in the broadest sense of freedom of metatheoretization, methodologization, thinking action and self-reflection with categories and taxa of the matrix. The optimal architectonics of this matrix was found, which in the central (inner) part contains a systematics of 16 mutually agreed and in certain hierarchical combinations of grouped taxonomic categories, organized into eight taxa, and its outer contour, which forms two (horizontally and vertically) equally named, however different in aspects of consideration of the multidisciplinary object of metatheoretization, chains of dialectical categories “general – special – singular – specific – universal”, which are named as two mutually penetrated thematic bases, that receive the resulting boundaries below and above – generalization of the top achievements of theoretical psychology. In this way 12 categorical taxa were obtained, each of which can be subjected to a detailed study. Taking into account the advantages of the categorical matrix, its five main functions are substantiated and meaningfully characterized – structural-systemic, logical-cognitive, organizational-synthesizing, thought-communicative and instrumental-methodological, as well as, accordingly, has been pointed out on vitacultural, typological, taxonomic, system-thought-action and cyclically-deed approaches that implement these approaches, and on a number of principles that specify each of these approaches. With regard to the essential content filling of the categorical matrix proposed for the first time to the scientific society, it is comprehensively highlighted that behind each of the 12 quintetly ordered taxa of categories (five horizontally and vertically and two diagonally) there is either a direction or a school of theoretical psychology development or a methodological principle or approach in psychology, or a certain system or epistemic organization of psychological cognition or theoretical creativity. It is proved that the stated model of the matrix makes it possible for a psychologist-thinker to achieve a personified (motivated and comprehended) canvas of the categorical order of theoretical psychology, not only in revealing hitherto unknown and little understood dimensions-aspects of human existence, but also in curbing the emotional saturation, vagueness and organic spontaneity of actualized concepts of thinking as a life-giving core of lace of psychological categories, which realizes self-reflexive progress in the bosom of increasing the mental potential of one’s own conscious ability to learn and create psycho-spiritual in all possible forms and markers of its phenomenal manifestation. At the same time, it is concluded that the world of theoretical psychology is the most thoroughly founded and the most meaningfully enriched by the creative scientific achievements of the outstanding Ukrainian intellectual and worthy person Volodymyr Roments. In particular, his multi-volume author’s presentation of the history of world’s psychology, which implements the fundamentals, regularities and norms of the deed’s principle in psychology from ancient times to the end of the twentieth century, contains that extremely important vitacultural material which not only appears as a product of psychological cognition and from which previously unseen horizons of the field of historical-psychological research are mentally spread, but also which can be subjected to repeated self-reflection of psychological science by its individual and collective subjects of creativity. This means that in the future the final philosophical-psychological field of reflection will be subject to renewal, which according to the deed principle is canonically constructed by the talent of Academician Romenets and which requires further methodological comprehension. At the same time, canonical psychology and its derivative epistemic formations (the procedure of canonization of psychological systems, the concept of psychological canon, etc.) in unity with psychosophy of the deed as a methodology of cognition of the sources and essence of human existence are specific cultural patterns of self-reflexively performed metatheoretization, which is implemented with the help of personally well-developed principles, postulates and means of philosophical methodologization (especially the deed principle and the method of action dialectics). In general, a new categorical matrix solves one of the most important tasks of theoretical psychology – provides analytically reasoned selection-construction of the optimal typology of categories by four main criteria: a) by a methodological substantiationess of research tools and instruments of its construction, structure, content, interpretation and usage, b) by a conceptual-conscious completeness of psychological thinking about the mental and psycho-spiritual as separate aspects of human life in the socio-humanitarian sphere, c) by a horizon of conceptual-terminological complementarity of the fields of categories and themes involved, d) by a quantitative set and structural-functional invariance of categorical taxa. Finally, it is reasonably stated that the quintessence of the categorical composition of theoretical psychology at the level of the universal horizontally and vertically of the matrix is the act of metatheoretization in its spiral integrity of situational, motivational, action and post-action components and in the form of individual (personal) and group (representatives of a separate scientific school) implementation.

SummaryThe paper discusses Bennett’s and Hacker’s critical work on the philosophical foundations of neuroscience and their so-called ” mereological fallacy“. It argues that Wittgensteinian arguments of mere ordinary language analysis are not enough to cover activations of patterns in the brain and especially of sense perception and meaningful human action. The approach offered by the author’s methodological scheme-interpretationism may solve these problems by using and differentiating higher-order concepts and metatheoretical and methodological as well as schema-theoretical perspectives.

Reference [12] introduced a novel formula to formula translation tool (“formula-tors”) that enables syntactic metatheoretical investigations of first-order modallogics, bypassing a need to convert them first into Gentzen style logics in order torely on cut elimination and the subformula property. In fact, the formulator tool,as was already demonstrated in loc. cit., is applicable even to the metatheoreticalstudy of logics such as QGL, where cut elimination is (provably, [2]) unavailable. This paper applies the formulator approach to show the independence of the axiom schema ☐A → ☐∀ A of the logics M3and ML3 of [17, 18, 11, 13]. This leads to the conclusion that the two logics obtained by removing this axiom are incomplete, both with respect to their natural Kripke structures and to arithmetical interpretations. In particular, the so modified ML3 is, similarly to QGL, an arithmetically incomplete first-order extension of GL, but, unlike QGL, all its theorems have cut free proofs. We also establish here, via formulators, a stronger version of the disjunction property for GL and QGL without going through Gentzen versions of these logics (compare with the more complexproofs in [2,8]).

The article discusses the conceptual foundations of the development of the general sociological theory of J.G.Turner. These foundations are metatheoretical ideas, basic concepts and an analytical scheme. Turner began to develop a general sociological theory with a synthesis of metatheoretical ideas of social forces and social selection. He formulated a synthetic metatheoretical statement: social forces cause selection pressures on individuals and force them to change the patterns of their social organization and create new types of sociocultural formations to survive under these pressures. Turner systematized the basic concepts of his theorizing with the allocation of micro-, meso- and macro-levels of social reality. On this basis, he substantiated a simple conceptual scheme of social dynamics. According to this scheme, the forces of macrosocial dynamics of the population, production, distribution, regulation and reproduction cause social evolution. These forces force individual and corporate actors to structurally adapt their communities in altered circumstances. Such adaptation helps to overcome or avoid the disintegration consequences of these forces. The initial stage of Turner's general theorizing is a kind of audit, modification, modernization and systematization of the conceptual apparatus of sociology. The initial results obtained became the basis for the development of his conception of the dynamics of functional selection in the social world.

The thesis investigated the social and symbolic significance of acquiring a 'music education' through the taking of piano tuition and external public music examinations. It aimed to discover why the learning of the piano and the certification of musical attainment are so prevalent and revered among Malaysian music students. Its purpose was to unravel the socio-cultural raison d'etre of this approach to music education through the creation of a metatheoretical schema, which is premised upon the theories of symbolic interactionist, George Herbert Mead, music analyst, Heinrich Schenker and social theorist, George Ritzer. Central to the argument in this instance is the symbolic significance associated with the act of playing the piano. The investigation attempted to determine if this 'act' conveyed a symbolic meaning that is peculiar to a specific cultural vista. It further examined the degree to which this practice represented both a validation and a sense of conformity to social norms in the continuity and stability of an expanding middle class society in Malaysia. The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music (ABRSM) is the largest of the five main external public music examination boards that operate in Malaysia. Since 1948, over one million candidates have enrolled for ABRSM examinations in Malaysia and a team of approximately thirty ABRSM examiners visit Malaysia for three months every year. The majority of the candidates are pianists. Given such large numbers of piano candidates, one might expect a healthy development of musical talent in the country with aspiring pianists eager to demonstrate their musical prowess. However, this does not seem to be the case. On the contrary, there appears to be a curious lacuna between the growing number of students who enrol for external public music examinations and the seemingly lack of interest in public music making and the honing of general musicianship skills. The thesis hence examined the symbolic meaning of this socio-rausicological phenomena.

The thesis investigated the social and symbolic significance of acquiring a 'music education' through the taking of piano tuition and external public music examinations. It aimed to discover why the learning of the piano and the certification of musical attainment are so prevalent and revered among Malaysian music students. Its purpose was to unravel the socio-cultural raison d'etre of this approach to music education through the creation of a metatheoretical schema, which is premised upon the theories of symbolic interactionist, George Herbert Mead, music analyst, Heinrich Schenker and social theorist, George Ritzer. Central to the argument in this instance is the symbolic significance associated with the act of playing the piano. The investigation attempted to determine if this 'act' conveyed a symbolic meaning that is peculiar to a specific cultural vista. It further examined the degree to which this practice represented both a validation and a sense of conformity to social norms in the continuity and stability of an expanding middle class society in Malaysia. The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music (ABRSM) is the largest of the five main external public music examination boards that operate in Malaysia. Since 1948, over one million candidates have enrolled for ABRSM examinations in Malaysia and a team of approximately thirty ABRSM examiners visit Malaysia for three months every year. The majority of the candidates are pianists. Given such large numbers of piano candidates, one might expect a healthy development of musical talent in the country with aspiring pianists eager to demonstrate their musical prowess. However, this does not seem to be the case. On the contrary, there appears to be a curious lacuna between the growing number of students who enrol for external public music examinations and the seemingly lack of interest in public music making and the honing of general musicianship skills. The thesis hence examined the symbolic meaning of this socio-musicological phenomena.