Journal articles on the topic 'Metaphorical'
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Khatin-Zadeh, Omid, Danyal Farsani, and Hassan Banaruee. "A Study of the Use of Iconic and Metaphoric Gestures with Motion-Based, Static Space-Based, Static Object-Based, and Static Event-Based Statements." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 7 (July 18, 2022): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12070239.
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In this article, we extend our previously suggested categorization of metaphors to literal statements, and categorize metaphorical and literal statements into four pairs of corresponding metaphorical and literal statements: (1) motion-based metaphorical/literal statements; (2) static space-based metaphorical/literal statements; (3) static object-based metaphorical/literal statements; (4) static event-based metaphorical/literal statements. Then, we report a study that investigated the use of metaphoric and iconic gestures with these corresponding categories during the retelling of a set of stories by a group of thirty participants. The participants listened to five audio short stories. Each story contained one statement of each metaphoric category and one statement of each literal category. After listening to each story, they retold it in their own language in front of a camera. The results showed that event-based metaphors and event-based literal statements were accompanied by the smallest number of metaphoric and iconic gestures. Furthermore, there was a significant similarity between each metaphorical category and its corresponding literal category in the number of gestures that were used with these categories. This similarity supports the idea that the mechanisms underlying the embodiment of metaphorical and literal statements are essentially similar.
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Crawford, Christopher A., and Igor Juricevic. "Understanding pictorial metaphor in comic book covers: A test of the contextual and structural frameworks." Studies in Comics 11, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 341–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/stic_00034_1.
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Conceptual metaphor theory proposes that metaphor is a mental function, rather than solely a literary device. As such, metaphors may be present in any by-product of human cognition, including pictorial art. Crawford and Juricevic previously proposed two heuristic frameworks for the identification and interpretation of metaphor in pictures, which have been shown to be capable of describing how pictorial metaphors are identified and interpreted in the comic book medium. The present study tested artists’ preference for combinations of contextual and structural pictorial information in comic book cover images. We analysed usages of exaggerated size in comic book cover art, as exaggerated size is a pictorial device, which may be used both literally and metaphorically. The goal was to assess how contextual and structural information is combined, and how literal and metaphorical information interacts, both when it is congruent and incongruent. This analysis of the use of exaggerated size in comic book art indicates that artists prefer to produce images that have congruent combinations of literal and metaphoric pictorial information, or the incongruent combination of metaphoric contextual information and literal structural information. Artists do not, however, prefer to produce images that have the incongruent combination of metaphorical structural information and literal contextual information. Taken together with the Corpus Analysis Relevance Theory (CART) argument, this pattern suggests that when processing information, our cognitive systems prefer metaphorical interpretations over literal interpretations and contextual information over structural information.
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Holmquist, Kelly. "Shifting meanings, forgotten meanings: metaphor as a force for language change." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 22, spe (2006): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502006000300008.
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All living languages are in a constant state of evolution. Metaphorical usage is an important driving factor in that process of evolution; the blending of concepts within metaphor leads to the diversification of the reference of words used metaphorically. It can occur that a metaphorical usage becomes conventionalized. This, in turn, leads to shifts in the meanings of those words. Metaphorical usage can occur in a variety of forms, including metonymy, synecdoche, and euphemism. The effects of metaphorical usage-and the closely related figure, simile-can even be seen in the evolution of the grammatical structures of many languages. I present various examples which demonstrate the role of metaphorical usage in the evolution of word-meanings and grammatical structures from PIE to modern Indo-European languages.
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Baryshev, Alexey A. "Entrepreneurial Action as Metaphorical Process and its Metaphorics." International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation 9, no. 1 (January 2017): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijantti.2017010103.
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The objective of this paper is to formulate new approach to entrepreneurship and its result that is challenged by appearance of novel spheres of entrepreneurial activity related to social innovations, social networks, solution for corporate management and people`s wellbeing, production of gadget for precarious wants. These items inspire the study of axiological bases of value created by entrepreneurs. This purpose suggests addressing and revisiting the notions of entrepreneurial action and value. Their complete conceptualization applying to nascent new economy is unlikely to be possible. With this in mind, we focused on searching for metaphors that can cast light on the specifics of newly-emerging phenomena related to entrepreneurial action and value created by it. Using the theory of metaphor, we find that entrepreneurial action is of metaphorical nature itself. In the article, the creation of value is described by means of the transferal of enterprising constituents of entrepreneur's identity onto produced things. We specify these constituents as referred to the different periods of entrepreneurial history. The identification of the constituents was based on the theory of pillars and carriers of institutions by W. R. Scott. The metaphors of appropriateness, utility and wellbeing were proposed for the different periods of the development of value. The metaphor of rhetoric was defined as a root metaphor for all moduses of entrepreneurial action considered as a process of convincing on the value of things produced. Special metaphors for entrepreneurial action for each period of value development were also proposed. The metaphor of performative rhetoric was considered as shedding light on dominant modus of entrepreneurial action and modus of value under conditions of knowledge society.
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Merzlikina, O. V. "GENDER ASPECT OF INVECTIVE METAPHORICAL NOMINATIONS OF THE GALICIAN LANGUAGE." Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki, no. 1 (2021): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2021-1-80-88.
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The article represents the results of analyzing the gender oppositions in reflection of the Galician metaphoric invective nominations. The subject matter of the analysis is gender invective metaphors: source domains that are focused in the process of gender metaphorization and gender construction as the main aspects of this analysis. The study of metaphorical invective nominations in the gender aspect showed the absence of typical features when choosing a source domain for metaphorical modeling of a human, as well as the specificity of using certain motivational bases. The most demanded source domains for the invective metaphorical modeling of human turned out to be “animals”, followed by the frequency of occurrence are “artifacts”, “human”, “food”, “mythological images” and “naturofacts”. The gender fixation of the metaphorical invective nomination depends on the word-formation and grammatical characteristics of the lexemes, which act as the source’s domains of such nominations. If the names of the source domains (fauna, human, and mythical images) contain semantic components in the lexical meaning that distinguish the gender opposition, then, as a rule, with the metaphorical transfer such opposition is preserved. Such metaphorical invective nomination can be either gender unmarked or gender marked. Metaphoric zoomorphic nominations, the source domains of which do not have gender differentiation, or that name various objects (nautrofacts, artifacts, food) in their original nominative meaning, can be identified either with a human in general or with a man or a woman.
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Hwang, Yae-in. "A study on metaphorical thinking and the research contents of <Samogok>." Korean Language and Literature 121 (July 30, 2022): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21793/koreall.2022.121.31.
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In this study, I tried to prepare educational content by suggesting metaphorical thinking as an alternative to overcome the biased theme consciousness of <Samogok>. To this end, the meaning and structure of metaphorical thinking were clarified, and the actual educational content of <Samogok> was prepared from the point of view of metaphorical thinking.
Paying attention to the characteristic of metaphorical mobility, metaphorical thinking was viewed as a concept that includes the expansion of the cognitive structure that learners can form through metaphors, the formation of relationships with objects, and the subjective construction of meanings for the given meanings. And the structure of metaphorical thinking was proposed as the formation of a relationship with a heterogeneous object by similarity, the formation of a new gaze on the object, and a reinterpretation of the given meaning.
These contents can be a way for <Samogok> to transmit the value of filial piety and overcome the limited understanding that was perceived as a sanction. In addition, it can be an alternative for in-depth metaphorical education by solving the problem that metaphoric education was limitedly focused on justice and effect in literature education.
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Sokolova, Svetlana. "When three is company: The relation between aspect and metaphor in Russian aspectual triplets." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 107–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2021-0005.
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Abstract The focus of the present study is the relation between metaphor and aspect: are certain grammatical forms more prone to be used metaphorically? We approach this issue through a puzzling case of Russian aspectual triplets. The study is based on the distributions of the unprefixed imperfective verb gruzit’ (IPFV1) ‘load’, its perfective counterparts (PFVs) and prefixed secondary imperfectives (IPFV2s) with the prefixes na-, za-, and po-. The data collected from the Russian National Corpus offers support for the Telicity Hypothesis according to which IPFV2s become more “oriented towards a result” due to the presence of a prefix. We show that, although characterized by similar semantics, all verbs in a triplet have different distributions among constructions and metaphorical patterns. The difference is particularly noticeable in metaphorical contexts, where IPFV2s have a higher frequency of metaphorical uses. The prefix seems to play a more crucial role than aspect as metaphorical patterns of IPFV2s are more similar to the patterns attested for the perfective counterparts. Based on this study, we can assume that the resultative state more often serves as a source for conventional verbal metaphors than the process itself, which results in IPFV2s being more often used metaphorically than IPFV1.
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Annizar, Anas Ma'ruf, and Fina Syahida Zahro. "Proses Berpikir Metafora dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematis Soal HOTS Berdasarkan Kemampuan Kognitif Siswa." Jurnal Tadris Matematika 3, no. 2 (November 11, 2020): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/jtm.2020.3.2.117-130.
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To improve students' critical thinking skills in solving High Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) questions, the ability to think metaphorically in learning is required. Thus, this study aimed to describe the metaphorical thinking process of students in solving HOTS mathematical problems by PISA approach. In this study, the research method was descriptive with a qualitative approach. The sampling technique was purposive sampling technique, which was a sampling technique suitable for this study. The results showed that based on the works of the three subjects, they had distinct characteristics in solving the problems. S1 who was classified in high category had a metaphorical form by looking at the room from the top side and based on the indicators, S1 had met the metaphorical thinking indicators. S2 who was classified in low category still did not have metaphorical form as compared to the indicators of identifying problems. However, S2 also had gone through metaphorical thinking process when compared to the indicators of connecting and deciding the main concept, as well as was able to illustrate ideas. Meanwhile, S3 who was classified in the middle category had a metaphorical form by only looking at the room side. S3 also had met several indicators of metaphorical thinking.
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Khatin-Zadeh, Omid, Danyal Farsani, and Florencia Reali. "Mechanisms involved in the formation of metaphorical classes within the framework of the class-inclusion model of metaphor comprehension." Public Journal of Semiotics 10, no. 1 (August 26, 2022): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37693/pjos.2022.10.24489.
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According to Glucksberg’s class-inclusion model of metaphor comprehension, metaphors are understood by the inclusion of the topic X into a metaphorical class of the vehicle Y. But what is the cognitive mechanisms through which X is included in the metaphorical class of Y? Drawing on previous literature on the roles of semantic features, metonymy, and relations in metaphor processing, this article presents a new proposal according to which every metaphorical class is defined by one of three categories of a concept’s characteristics: semantic features, metonymic aspects, or relational aspects. Each category may consist of a large set of such characteristics. One characteristic (or at most several characteristics) usually defines the metaphorical class of Y. Additionally, it is proposed that the metaphorical class is created by the suppression of metaphorically-irrelevant characteristics, consistent with ideas from Relevance Theory. The result of this process is a metaphorical class which has a higher degree of abstractness compared to the literal class of Y. Finally, it is proposed that the three categories of characteristics may be in interaction with each other. Therefore, in some cases, two or even three categories of characteristics may be involved in the formation of a metaphorical class, but one specific category plays the main role in the process.
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Lederer, Jenny. "Lexico-grammatical alignment in metaphor construal." Cognitive Linguistics 30, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 165–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2017-0135.
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AbstractThis study concerns the distribution of metaphorical lexis in discrete syntactic constructions. Source and target seed language from established conceptual metaphors in economic discourse is used to catalogue the specific patterns of how metaphorical pairs align in five syntactic constructions: A-NP, N-N, NP-of-NP, V-NP, and X is Y. Utilizing the Corpus of Contemporary American English (Davies, Mark. 2008–present. The corpus of contemporary American English: 450 million words, 1990–present [Online Corpus]), the examination includes 12 frequent metaphorical target triggers combined with 84 source triggers to produce 2,016 ordered collocations, i.e. investment freeze and turbulent market. Through detailed type and token counts, results confirm that source domains function as conceptual material used to structure the target domain and disproportionally fill syntactic positions associated with predication (cf. Sullivan, Karen. 2009. Grammatical constructions in metaphoric language. In B. Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk & K. Dziwirek (eds.), Studies in cognitive corpus linguistics. Frankfurt: Peter Lang Publishers; Sullivan, Karen. 2013. Frames and constructions in metaphoric language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing). Given a lexeme’s origin – source or target – when used in source-target metaphors, syntactic alignment can be predicted, market climate is metaphorical, climate market is not. Exceptions to these strong tendencies are explained through genre-specific lexicalization processes in which predicate denoting terms like bubble (market bubble) establish themselves as domain modifiers (bubble market) in economic jargon. Through quantitative techniques to gage metaphorical conventionality and lexical versatility, corpus methodology is used to define and inform the value of frequency effects in cataloguing and understanding metaphorical lexicalization.
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Macagno, Fabrizio. "How can metaphors communicate arguments?" Intercultural Pragmatics 17, no. 3 (June 25, 2020): 335–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ip-2020-3004.
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AbstractMetaphors are considered as instruments crucial for persuasion. However, while many studies and works have focused on their emotive, communicative, and persuasive effects, the argumentative dimension that represents the core of their “persuasiveness” is almost neglected. This paper addresses the problem of explaining how metaphors can communicate arguments, and how it is possible to reconstruct and justify them. To this purpose, a distinction is drawn between the arguments that are communicated metaphorically and interpreted based on relevance considerations, and the ones that are triggered implicitly by the use of a metaphorical expression. In both cases, metaphorical arguments are reconstructed through different patterns of argument, called argumentation schemes (Walton, Reed and Macagno 2008). However, while the purpose of a metaphorical sequence of discourse (called metaphorical move) can guide and justify the reconstruction of the argument that can sufficiently support the intended conclusion in a persuasive move, a more complex analysis is needed for analyzing the additional inferences that a metaphorical move can trigger. These inferences are claimed to represent part of the connotation of the metaphorical expression and can be captured through its most frequent collocations, determinable using some tools of the corpus linguistics.
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Dobosh, Oksana, Solomiia Albota, and Olesia Saban. "CONCEPTOLOGY OF NATURAL ELEMENTS COMPARED TO THE “BREXIT” CONCEPT." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 9(77) (January 30, 2020): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-9(77)-35-39.
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The article deals with the concepts of natural elements in comparison with the concept of “Brexit” from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. Metaphorical models of “Brexit – The Element of Earth”, “Brexit – The Element of Water”, “Brexit – The Element of Air” and “Brexit – The Element of Fire” have been developed and the structure of each of them has been considered. The structure of the metaphorical model has been represented by such frames and their slots: the metaphoric model “Brexit – The Element of Earth” (Frame: Earth Movements; Slots: “Earthquake”, “Landlide”; Frame: State of the Earth; Slot: “Drought”), the metaphoric model “Brexit – The Element of Water” (Frame: State of the Water; Slots: Ice, Boiling Water, Clouds; Frame: Water Motion; Slots: Water Stream, Storm, Waves, Murky Waters), the metaphoric model “Brexit – The Element of Air (Frame: Speed of movement of air masses; slots: “Wind”, “Hurricane”, “Tornado”) and the metaphoric model “Brexit – the Element of Fire” (Frames: Flame, Light; Fire; Volcano). It has been established that the latest metaphorical blend of “Brexit – The Element of Fire” is not subdivided into slots. The peculiarities of the usage of verbal means in the examples of contemporary English political journals, which illustrate the above structure of the research, have been regarded.
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Johansson Falck,, Marlene, and Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr.,. "Embodied motivations for metaphorical meanings." Cognitive Linguistics 23, no. 2 (May 25, 2012): 251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2012-0008.
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AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between people's mental imagery for their experiences of paths and roads and the metaphorical use of path and road in discourse. We report the results of two studies, one a survey examining people's mental imagery about their embodied experiences with paths and roads, with the second providing a corpus analysis of the ways path and road are metaphorically used in discourse. Our hypothesis is that both people's mental imagery for path and road, and speakers' use of these words in metaphorical contexts are strongly guided by their embodied understandings of real-world events related to travel on paths and roads. The results of these studies demonstrate how bodily experiences with artifacts partly constrains not only how specific conceptual metaphors emerge, but how different metaphorical understandings are applied in talk about abstract entities and events.
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van Herk, Aritha. "Metaphorical Murder." American Review of Canadian Studies 50, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2020.1849331.
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Davidson. "Metaphorical Transcendence:." Journal of Speculative Philosophy 29, no. 3 (2015): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jspecphil.29.3.0366.
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Romero, Esther, and Belén Soria. "Metaphorical Argumentation." Informal Logic 41, no. 3 (September 9, 2021): 391–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v41i3.6836.
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It is a fact that novel metaphorical utterances appear in natural language argumentation. It seems, moreover, that these put forward metaphorical propositions that can have different roles (data, warrants or claims) in argument structure. There can even be good argumentation which is indispensably metaphorical. However, not all metaphor theories provide an explanation of metaphorical meaning compatible with these claims. In this article, we explain the three main views on metaphorical meaning and show, analysing some examples, their consequences for metaphorical argumentation. Our analysis shows that only the cognitive view can explain that there are arguments which can only be generated using novel metaphors.
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Anderson, David A., and Steven H. Shiffrin. "Metaphorical Scholarship." California Law Review 79, no. 4 (July 1991): 1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3480797.
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Hill, Elana. "Metaphorical Cities." Steam 4, no. 1 (December 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5642/steam.20190401.13.
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Burke, Stephen. "Metaphorical holes." Physics World 28, no. 8 (August 2015): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/28/8/26.
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Begley, John. "Metaphorical Theology." Pacifica: Australasian Theological Studies 6, no. 1 (February 1993): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1030570x9300600103.
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Metaphorical theology rightly insists that metaphorical language about God can be both cognitively meaningful and spiritually nourishing. Metaphors, models and stories all have use and value. On the other hand, despite some claims, they also have their limitations. As Aquinas pointed out, systematic theology depends on the analogical, literal use of language.
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Jinks, Rebecca. "Metaphorical holocausts." Patterns of Prejudice 48, no. 4 (November 27, 2013): 428–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0031322x.2013.861210.
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Arnett, Ronald C. "Metaphorical guidance." Journal of Educational Administration 37, no. 1 (March 1999): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09578239910253953.
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Morrison, Philip. "Metaphorical Suns..." Scientific American 290, no. 1 (January 2004): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0104-104.
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Hofmeyr, Isabel. "Metaphorical books." Current Writing 13, no. 2 (January 2001): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1013929x.2001.9678108.
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Benjamins, Jacob. "Metaphorical Bridges." Research in Phenomenology 49, no. 3 (October 2, 2019): 403–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691640-12341433.
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Abstract This study considers Paul Ricoeur’s theory of discourses within the context of a phenomenology of religion. I focus on the eighth study of La métaphore vive, wherein Ricoeur explores the possibility of interanimation between speculative and poetic discourses. While Ricoeur is willing to consider the interactions between religious and philosophical discourse in a number of essays, he does not develop the further possibility of the interanimation between religious and speculative thought. I take up this unexplored possibility by suggesting that metaphors are capable of slipping between discourses and animating speculative and religious discourses. Specifically, I use Jean-Louis Chrétien’s metaphor of “wounding” as a case study wherein the phenomenal form of paradox defines one meaning of wounding, while another meaning is connected to a poetic expression that refers to our belonging in the world. Together, the two meanings of the metaphor enliven Chrétien’s phenomenology of religion.
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Dillard, Jesse F., and Robert A. Nehmer. "Metaphorical marginalization." Critical Perspectives on Accounting 1, no. 1 (March 1990): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1045-2354(90)01003-1.
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Yeaman, Andrew R. J. "Metaphorical Cats." TechTrends 60, no. 4 (May 10, 2016): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11528-016-0075-y.
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Moullagaliev, Narkiz K., and Lyutsiya G. Khismatullina. "Metaphors in Media Discourse on Migration." Journal of History Culture and Art Research 6, no. 5 (November 28, 2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v6i5.1242.
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<p>The paper deals with the problems of cognitive linguistic discourse and comparative analysis studies of metaphor as a means of representing migration in mass media. It presents the most productive metaphoric models, shaping the concept of “migration”, that function in printed and electronic media discourses of Great Britain, USA and Russia in 2016-2017. A comparative analysis of metaphorical models representing migration in British, American and Russian media discourses has shown that in media discourses on the migration of 2016-2017, regularly three high-frequency and productive metaphorical models operate: hydronymic, military and morbid. Images of these metaphorical models are united by vectors of anxiety, despair, threats to life and have negative conceptual potential.</p>
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Young, Jan, and Sandra Regan. "Groups for Children of Separation/Divorce: A Metaphorical Approach." Children Australia 13, no. 1 (1988): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0312897000001739.
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AbstractThe use of a metaphorical approach in a time limited group for children whose parents are separating/divorcing is explored. Drawing, “naming the group”, and structured exercises are used metaphorically to help the children tell their own “story”, not their parents version. The metaphorical processing of the media is what counts not the media itself. Every way of using media tells a story and moves children from story telling to story experiencing. When children are able to share feelings, they have taken a step forward.
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Utkina, L. N., and R. G. Danielian. "The polysemantic words in metaphors used in political texts." Язык и текст 4, no. 2 (2017): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2017040209.
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The article deals with polysemantic words that are often found in complex metaphorical structures, which can be seen in speeches of modern politicians (B. Obama, D. Trump, D. Cameron, Queen Elizabeth II, etc.). The usage of metaphorical polysemy in political discourse and its reasons are considered and explained. The main goal of the article consists in the examination of the polysemantic structures phenomenon, the diversity of their meanings and their usage in modern English as parts of the metaphoric phrases.
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Andryukhina, T. V. "CROSS-CULTURAL ASPECTS OF METAPHORICAL FRAMING IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 1(46) (February 28, 2016): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-1-46-63-69.
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The article examines cross-cultural aspects of metaphorical framing in political discourse. The author notes the importance of conceptual metaphor in framing the conceptual domain of politics, political discourse as a whole, its perception as well as political reality itself. The author shares an opinion that the metaphorical structure of basic concepts of a nation always correlates with its fundamental cultural values. However, the examination of political discourse from the cross-cultural perspective reveals the cases of metaphor uses that don't meet the requirements of cultural coherence and may lead to negative cognitive and communicative consequences. Along with admitting a wide discrepancy between metaphorical models in western and oriental political discourse, the author gives some examples of metaphorical coherence as well as its violation in a number of basic metaphors in American, British and Russian political discourse. To illustrate how cross-cultural factors determine the specific character of metaphorical framing, the article analyses the dynamic character of metaphorical models that can realize diverse scenarios in different national varieties of political discourse. An observation is made about the dependence of metaphoric scenarios in different national varieties of political discourse on the cultural, historical, social and political components of the national cultural cognitive map. The latter is heterogeneous as it is structured by the objectified individual, group, and national verbal and nonverbal experience. This explains, for instance, why there are examples of similarity as well as discrepancy between metaphorical framing in ideologically different party varieties of political discourse within the national political discourse as well as in the rhetoric of politicians belonging to different generations. The observations are illustrated by cross-linguistic data proving the dynamic character of metaphorical models, their variability and potential for conveying new meaning nuances that reflect culture-specific characteristics of the political situation in discourse.
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Salikova, E. M. V. "Transformation of Metaphoric Representations of a Person’s Path of Life During the Period of Self-Isolation in Adults." Клиническая и специальная психология 9, no. 2 (2020): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2020090207.
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This article discusses theoretical approaches for understanding metaphorically expressed life paths social representations. The results of a longitudinal empirical study of life paths metaphorically expressed social representations of adult group are presenter. In the first half of study, 267 respondents took part, in the second half of study – 37 respondents. During the first stage of this study, the categories of analysis of metaphorical representations were selected on the basis of the essay material of 267 respondents. At the second stage of the study, data of 37 respondents analyzed. Participants with an interval of six months described in the form of metaphors their life path in a normal situation and in a situation of self-isolation. During this study content-analysis of the words that make up the metaphoric representations of life path and life path in self-isolation was performed. Categories of metaphoric representations were picked out, and analysis was performed with the use of these categories. We created next two nuclear-peripheral structures of social representations, expressed metaphorically: life path and life path in self-isolation (in the adult group). Comparative analysis of representations about life path in everyday life and during the period of self-isolation performed, dynamic changes in the structural elements of social representations identified.
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Yeremenko, Oleksandr, and Viktor Okorokov. "Metaphorics of "critique of pure reason"." Grani 23, no. 4 (July 5, 2020): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172047.
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An attempt is made to apply metaphorical analysis to certain aspects of the Kant’s work. In other words, can we look at the transcendental teaching of the German thinker using the same method that he himself proposed (or at least used in his work)? A metaphorical reading of Kant's transcendental teaching made it possible to reveal some patterns and trace the linguistic boundaries of his work. With great caution, we only tried to express the idea that Kant's metaphorics is a well-thought-out semantic boundary of its transcendental logic. First of all, we are interested in the field that usually eludes philosophical research – the military metaphor of «Critics of Pure Reason». In our opinion, the metaphorical series is most representative in this work. It was important for us to show that Kant's transcendental method is a fundamental metaphor that stands over arguing philosophers (skeptics, relativists and dogmatists) and makes it possible to give precise and clear laws (boundaries) to a chaotic philosophizing mind. In this approach, the reflexivity of Kantian discourse is revealed (as the eternal debate between the logic of discourse and the metaphysics (metaphorics) of dialectics). That is, in essence, we tried to discover that the transcendental criticism of the mind is just another metaphorical approach that allows us to go beyond the classical (dogmatic and skeptical) mind to find a place for a new (deeper, in par-ticular, phenomenological) the method of immersion in the mind (through the awakening of classical consciousness from "sleep"). It was also important for us to reveal that the metaphorical approach leads to an understanding of the new semantic boundaries of the thinker's creativity, to the understanding that Kant turned out to be not only a outstanding logician, metaphysician and fine connoisseur of dialectics, but also a thinker who perfectly felt the semantic series of formation concepts and was close to the linguistic interpretation of pure reason. Also we seek to show that the metaphorical approach used by Kant allowed him to weigh (foresee) many of the philosophical events of XX century culture. In this context, Kant was not only a critic, but also a visionary of many modern philosophical events.
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Panzeri, Francesca, Simona Di Paola, and Filippo Domaneschi. "Does the COVID-19 war metaphor influence reasoning?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 28, 2021): e0250651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250651.
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In recent times, many alarm bells have begun to sound: the metaphorical presentation of the COVID-19 emergency as a war might be dangerous, because it could affect the way people conceptualize the pandemic and react to it, leading citizens to endorse authoritarianism and limitations to civil liberties. The idea that conceptual metaphors actually influence reasoning has been corroborated by Thibodeau and Boroditsky, who showed that, when crime is metaphorically presented as a beast, readers become more enforcement-oriented than when crime is metaphorically framed as a virus. Recently, Steen, Reijnierse and Burgers replied that this metaphorical framing effect does not seem to occur and suggested that the question should be rephrased about the conditions under which metaphors do or do not influence reasoning. In this paper, we investigate whether presenting the COVID-19 pandemic as a war affects people’s reasoning about the pandemic. Data collected suggest that the metaphorical framing effect does not occur by default. Rather, socio-political individual variables such as speakers’ political orientation and source of information favor the acceptance of metaphor congruent entailments: right-wing participants and participants relying on independent sources of information are those more conditioned by the COVID-19 war metaphor, thus more inclined to prefer bellicose options.
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Gavrilova, Irina A. "Metaphorical Terms as Part of English Legal Terminology." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 21, no. 2 (July 8, 2019): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2019-21-2-504-512.
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The present research features the role of metaphorical term formation in the Anglo-American legal term system on the basis of a multi-aspect analysis of a lexicographic source. A thorough examination showed that metaphorization is a full-featured but not productive mechanism of terminology production in the sphere of jurisprudence. Metaphorical terms that function in major, specialized, and complex branches of law represent less than 1% of all terminological units recorded in the ABBYY Press legal dictionary. The paper focuses on mono-lexemic and poly-lexemic legal terms formed by metaphorization. Two- and three-component metaphorical terms were found most frequent. This fact can be explained both by the binary essence of the metaphorical process itself and by a high degree of specification of the legal concept. The position of the metaphorical component was taken into account when the terminological combinations were systematized. The paper contains some examples of various types of metaphoric shift in term formation: reframing according to (1) functional analogy, (2) identity of the produced impression, (3) size correspondence, (4) similarity of origin, (5) the presence of related properties, and (6) the same extension in space. The author singled out anthropomorphic, socio-morphic, artifactual, and nature-morphic metaphorical models of legal term formation. The predominant distribution of anthropomorphic legal metaphors reached almost 50% of the whole selection of examples. The paper describes and illustrates conceptual source spheres of all four categories of terminological metaphors in the legal field. As for some vague cases, the author specified the significative zone of the metaphor according to its figurative-semantic focus. In addition, the study differentiated universal and nationally-marked legal metaphorical terms. Particular attention in this classification was given to metaphorical terms that bear precedent phenomena which are part of the cognitive base of the English-speaking socio-cultural community and serve as a key to understanding its legal norms.
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Kövecses, Zoltán. "Metaphoric Conceptual Pathways." Cognitive Semantics 7, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526416-07010003.
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Abstract When we are engaged in metaphorical conceptualization online, we create and comprehend a metaphorical contextual meaning through an expression with a more basic, literal meaning. How does this process happen? I cannot answer this question as a psychologist or psycholinguist would; I attempt to answer it from the perspective of a cognitive linguist, and ask: What are the specific figurative devices (metaphors and metonymies) that the process requires in an act of metaphorical conceptualization? I propose that there is not a single device on a single level of conceptualization but several such devices on several levels participating in every act of metaphor use. Furthermore, I suggest that the participating devices constitute conceptual hierarchies that are different for correlation-based and resemblance-based metaphors. I call such hierarchies of figurative devices “metaphoric conceptual pathways.” Finally, I contend that these conceptual pathways emerge in and are shaped by several different context types.
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Lefebvre, René. "L'imagination, produit d'une métaphore?" Dialogue 38, no. 3 (1999): 469–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300046849.
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AbstractIt would be contradictory to ask phainesthai to support both the strict sense (M. Schofield, M. Nussbaum), and metaphorical use (Simplicius) of phantasia. De anima, 428a2, raises many issues. When discovering imagination, Aristotle himself seems to use the word phantasia metaphorically.
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Kusmanto, Joko. "EXPLORING THE CULTURAL COGNITION AND THE CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR OF MARRIAGE IN INDONESIA." LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 11, no. 2 (December 29, 2016): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ling.v11i2.3670.
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This paper explores what cultural cognition of ‘marriage’ is metaphorically conceptualized in Indonesian expressions. This paper has two questions. Firstly, what cultural cognitions of ‘marriage’ are encoded in the use of metaphorical expressions in Indonesian? Secondly, how such cultural cognition of ‘marriage’ is metaphorically conceptualized in Indonesian expressions? The analysis and discussion of this exploration basically follow (i) the principles of embodiment in Cognitive Linguistics and (ii) the logic of cultural conceptualization in Cultural Linguistics. Both serve as the primary bases to analyze the problem of the study. The paper is expected to contribute to the present linguistic study in two-fold benefits. Firstly, it presents the discussion of the cultural cognitions of marriage represented in Indonesian metaphorical expressions. Secondly, it discusses the methodological issues of (i) how to understand the relation between culture and language and (ii) how to uncover any cultural representations in linguistic metaphors.
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Staley, Thomas W. "The Coding of Technical Images of Nanospace." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 12, no. 1 (2008): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne200812111.
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This paper argues that intrinsically metaphorical leaps are required to interpret and utilize information acquired at the atomic scale. Accordingly, what we ‘see’ with our instruments in nanospace is both fundamentally like, and fundamentally unlike, nanospace itself; it involves both direct translation and also what Goodman termed “calculated category mistakes.” Similarly, and again necessarily, what we ‘do’ in nanospace can be treated as only metaphorically akin to what we do in our comfortable mesoworld. These conclusions indicate that future developments in nanotechnology will rely, in part, on the creation of more sophisticated metaphorical codes linking our world to nanospace, and I propose some initial possibilities along these lines.
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Buzheninov, A. E. "Conventional and Innovative Metaphors with Source Sphere “Liquidity” in English Investment Discourse." Nauchnyi dialog 11, no. 2 (March 18, 2022): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-2-9-27.
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The results of the metaphorical model study “investment phenomenon is a liquid” in the investment English discourse are presented. The relevance of the study is due, on the one hand, to the most important epistemological role of metaphor as a mechanism that categorizes, interprets and forms knowledge about the world and its phenomena, and on the other hand, the fact that the study of the metaphorical model is carried out on the basis of scientific discourse. The methodological basis of the study is the frame-slot analysis of the metaphorical model, which includes contextual, component and definitional types of analysis of the metaphorically used lexical units. A review of works devoted to various aspects of the study of conventional and innovative metaphors is given. The work develops a frame-slot structure of the metaphorical model under study, which is represented by such frames as “Movement of a liquid” (slots: “Vessels”, “Reservoirs”), “Disasters” and “Procedural properties of a liquid”. Particular attention is paid to the role of conventional and innovative metaphors in the conceptualization of investment phenomena. The derivative nature of innovative metaphors from conventional ones is shown, the first ones represent a further expansion of the conceptual links between the target sphere and the source sphere by occasional lexical filling of the target slots.
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Su, Lily I.-wen. "Our metaphorical minds." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 8, no. 1 (September 8, 2021): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00067.su.
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Abstract Aside from metaphor being an important language device reflecting human cognition, it also provides a window into the understanding of culture (Kövecsec 2019). Language is a function of culture because it is a form of the verbal and nonverbal systems by which a group member can communicate with another member. Language connects people of the same cultural identity because it functions as a common bond between people who have the same linguistic heritage. As argued in Verhagen (2008), values of one’s understanding of the world he lives in may in turn be influenced by the conceptual metaphors he unconsciously holds to visualize his world. Verhagen has provided a valuable standpoint, yet it is western-centered and European-oriented. Through metaphors identified in Chinese in proverbs, food, marriage, and time expressions, this paper intends to address the following questions: Does conceptual metaphors reflect any specific Chinese mode of thinking? Does such conceptualization give a taste of Chinese culture? What kind(s) of theoretical and pragmatic implications can be derived from our line of investigation? It is thus hoped that this paper may provide empirical evidence with reference to mappings between thought and language, which in turn, may serve as a way to explore culture.
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SAITO, Akira. "Buddhapalita's Metaphorical Expression." Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) 61, no. 3 (2013): 1173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.61.3_1173.
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Holmes, Steve. "Metaphorical mix-up." Physics World 35, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 22iii—23i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/35/02/27.
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Sontag, Frederick. "Metaphorical Non Sequitur?" American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 65, no. 1 (1991): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/acpq199165130.
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Meyer, Ingrid, Victoria Zaluski, and Kristen Mackintosh. "Metaphorical Internet terms." Terminology 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.4.1.03mey.
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Although metaphors are often associated with literary language, they also play an important role in scientific and technical texts and hence in terminology work. In this paper, we explore the terminology of the Internet, a domain in which metaphors are particularly striking. We first examine English metaphorical terms from a conceptual viewpoint, noting the dominant metaphorical themes. We then analyze metaphorical terms from a structural viewpoint, observing basic word-formation patterns as well as phonological aspects. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this research for terminology work, in particular concept analysis and standardization efforts.
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Méndez-Cendón, Beatriz, and Leslie-Ann Chang. "Metaphorical radiodiagnostic terms." Terminology 7, no. 1 (December 7, 2001): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.7.1.05men.
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The purpose of this article is to identify and classify metaphorical sign terms in the field of abdominal radiodiagnostic imaging. A 1,000,000 word electronic corpus of English and Spanish medical texts was used to compile an extensive list of metaphorical designations for signs detected on radiological images. These terms were classified thematically and structurally and analyzed from the terminological perspective of logical motivation. The fundamental premise behind this research is the belief that a better knowledge of this type of terminology (both English and Spanish) can lead to a better understanding of the specialist’s perception of the prototypical image conjured by the metaphor.
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Hart, Christopher. "Metaphorical World Politics." Journal of Pragmatics 38, no. 7 (July 2006): 1135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2005.08.006.
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Xu, Xu. "Interpreting metaphorical statements." Journal of Pragmatics 42, no. 6 (June 2010): 1622–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2009.11.005.
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Arbib, Michael. "The metaphorical brains." Artificial Intelligence 101, no. 1-2 (May 1998): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00028-9.
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Sontag, F. "Metaphorical Non-Sequitur?" Scottish Journal of Theology 44, no. 1 (February 1991): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600025205.
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There is no particular problem with using ‘metaphorical’ language where God is concerned. In Metaphorical Theology Sallie McFague offers a lengthy analysis to show us that metaphorical language is legitimate for theological discourse. This should come as no surprise to anyone except positivists or other stringent empiricists who accept nothing but direct evidence for any discourse. Traditional theologians, such as Thomas Aquinas, have long held that no discussion of God directly qualifies divinity. Mystics, as McFague acknowledges, have in fact been shocked at the idea of speaking about God directly. What, then, is McFague's point in reminding us of the necessary indirection of all speaking about God? She is attempting to curb the increasing agnosticism, if not skepticism, among contemporary theologians, by speaking to what she considers to be ‘the contemporary sensibility’.