Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Metaphorical'
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Rogers, Willis Cole. "Metaphorical landscapes." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1303490483.
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Garcia, Elisa. "Metaphoric Generative Genograms| A Journey to bring Genograms to life through metaphorical components." Thesis, Nova Southeastern University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10001432.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to offer a greater understanding of the potential of genograms through my clinical work from a Bowen Family Systems lens. I account for how I processed and effectively blended metaphorical components, by examining six cases from my two-year journal entries, of bringing genograms to life in sessions. I also explain how I created a useful tool, the Metaphoric Generative Genogram, that can benefit other clinicians working with children and families in the foster care community.
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Garcia, Elisa. "Metaphoric Generative Genograms: A Journey to bring Genograms to life through metaphorical components." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dft_etd/9.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to offer a greater understanding of the potential of genograms through my clinical work from a Bowen Family Systems lens. I account for how I processed and effectively blended metaphorical components, by examining six cases from my two-year journal entries, of bringing genograms to life in sessions. I also explain how I created a useful tool, the Metaphoric Generative Genogram, that can benefit other clinicians working with children and families in the foster care community.
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Hofer, Ryan Paul. "Metaphorical Framing of Obesity." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2538.
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The study of metaphor has moved from abstraction and poetics into the realms of cognitive science and cultural studies. Rather than being seen as purely figurative and secondary to literal meaning, investigation of metaphors reveals a close relationship to our processes of reasoning, a capacity to both reveal and cover, and a plasticity that forms within surrounding cultural values. I reviewed current metaphor theory, including its concerns and justifications, and designed a simple survey experiment through the Qualtrix webpage. The survey was distributed via the Amazon Mechanical TURK system. The experiment, in two different versions, briefly described obesity and then asked participants to describe their attitudes toward, and preferred solutions for, this emerging public health issue. The paragraphs differed only in the metaphor used to describe obesity. Based upon a metaphorical framing hypothesis, it was predicted that obesity as an "infectious epidemic" would bias readers towards societal causes and a preference for public policy changes, while obesity as "simple calorie math" would bias readers towards individualized causes, and less support for public policy changes.
The hypotheses of the study were not supported; there was no significant difference in participant responses between frame conditions. Possible reasons for non-significant results include the survey format, unique aspects of obesity as a public health problem, and participants' level of media exposure to obesity. However, this study could be easily altered into various iterations to confirm or deny many aspects of brief metaphorical framing.
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Sullivan, Lila E. Riegle Rodney P. "Teacher strikes a metaphorical analysis /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1992. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9227175.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1992.Title from title page screen, viewed January 18, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Rodney P. Riegle (chair), Paul Baker, Richard Berg, J. Christopher Eisele, D. Michael Risen. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-201) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Jestley, Jennifer Aileen. "Metaphorical and non-metaphorical imagery use in vocal pedagogy : an investigation of underlying cognitive organisational constructs." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37888.
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This study investigates the metaphorical and non-metaphorical imagery used by voice teachers for pedagogical purposes. The study objectives were to investigate what—if any—underlying pictorial, structural, and/or conceptual approaches governed the expressions employed. In order to analyse the expressions offered by the voice teachers, I drew on linguist George Lakoff’s and philosopher/linguist Mark Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory for help in revealing cross-domain mapping. I employed two components of their theory in order to account for the logic which connects singers’ shared embodied experiences with the non-imagistic realm of tone creation, and borrowed from a third component to show a particular underlying conceptual image which holistically organised a number of discrete expressions and actions in singing. To address my objectives, I carried out an instrumental case study at a university and a community college located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The data came from interviews with six voice teachers working at these two institutes, and covered four broad categories commonly addressed in vocal pedagogy: Body alignment, Breath management, Resonance/Phonation, and Sound production. My findings clearly indicated that the voice teachers participating in this study employed all three organizational constructs. The analysis showed that the underlying structures involved in these constructs had sufficient internal structure to constrain meaning and reasoning. Even abstract concepts such as the colour and quality of tone were shown to be constrained by embodied experience through a process of association. Such transferences of information indicated that the expressions examined were not arbitrarily construed, despite arguments to the contrary. Notably, this study establishes a basis for contending that the three constructs which emerged from the data qualify as the “common [vocabularies]” which the vocal community has long sought to establish (Cleveland, 1989, p. 41).
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Azuma, Masumi. "Metaphorical competence in an EFL context : the mental lexicon and metaphorical competence of Japanese EFL students." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11894/.
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This thesis on metaphor and metaphor study covers theoretical and practical issues in the past and the present both in the occidental and oriental worlds. Metaphor in rhetoric, cognitive and applied linguistics is described briefly, mostly as a theoretical issue. It states that metaphor was treated as part of rhetoric in the past, however, recently it has developed more broadly into a facet of human cognition. As a practical issue, professional studies assessing metaphorical competence are highlighted, which inform the measurement of metaphorical competence of Japanese learners of English (Japanese EFL students, hereafter). The author developed her original measurement instruments (tests and evaluations of metaphorical competence) to assess the receptive and productive metaphorical abilities of Japanese EFL students. The tests aims to measure Japanese EFL students' metaphorical competence and discover the answers to what factors affect their comprehension and use of English metaphorical expressions and what kinds of metaphorical expressions are salient or opaque for them. This study showed that the Japanese EFL students' receptive ability was better than their productive ability. It further indicated that the size of their mental lexicons, the elasticity of their linguistic ability, the degree of semantic expansion, and their cognitive flexibility (e.g. analogical reasoning, mapping and networking) were important factors affecting their ability to handle metaphorical expressions. Another important discovery was that L1 transfer might play an ambivalent role. As for the salience and opacity of metaphorical expressions, the degree of clarity of expressions was an important element. For example, the expressions with images easy to visualise were the easiest for the Japanese EFL students to understand and use metaphorically. The highly conventional idioms involving metaphorical meanings were problematic for them to understand and especially to use.
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Lind-Wilson, Ann Marie. "Organizational analysis using Morgan's metaphorical process." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0008/NQ59699.pdf.
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Williams, Jeanne. "A metaphorical analysis of behavior therapy." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2002. http://www.tren.com.
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Hayes, Jonathan A. "Kierkegaard's Fear and trembling : a metaphorical reading." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24086.
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This study proposes to investigate the central metaphors of journey and silence as they as found in Kierkegaard's Fear and Trembling. Relying primarily on Paul Ricoeur's corrective to the tradition of metaphor theory, The Rule of Metaphor, Kierkegaard's use of these metaphors will be analysed for the way in which the nature of faith is depicted in this difficult, highly lyrical text. Key features of this study include a consideration of the role of "possibility" and "indirect communication" in the language of faith and, by extension, metaphor. Ricoeur's theory helps to connect what he terms the "work" of the text with the "world" of the text.
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Sundqvist, Jenny. "In other words : Metaphorical concepts in translation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77558.
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Awareness of metaphors brings awareness to how language is structured in a text. This study, based on Lakoff & Johnson’s theory of conceptual metaphors, will discuss the different types of metaphorical concepts found in the source text and target text during the translation of two articles by the author Mohsin Hamid. The quantitative part of the study will present different types of metaphors and how they translate into Swedish. The qualitative part will focus on how the author uses, and constructs his own, structural metaphors as a rhetorical device. Newmark and Schäffner’s translation strategies for metaphors will be considered and applied in combination with two translation theories: Nord’s theory of text functions alongside Venuti’s foreignisation theory. The findings will suggest that an increased awareness of metaphorical concepts can be beneficial for translators and assist them in understanding how the author of the source text has structured the language and thought content in the text.
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Doran, Kristin J. "Matute's Short Fiction: Metaphorical Journals of Trauma." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195680.
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Renowned Spanish author, Ana Maria Matute, lived through the violent and uncertain years of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and the Franco dictatorship (1939-1975) that followed. Her writing is a reflection of the dysfunctional society that was left in the wake of decades of social upheaval and it serves as a greater metaphor for the national identity crisis Spain experienced in the 20th Century. The intent of this study is to demonstrate how trauma and memory influence individual and national identity formation in selected short stories by Matute. Little study has been done on the role of trauma and memory in this type of narrative despite the frequent presence of trauma in Spanish literature. Further, insufficient academic attention has been given to Matute's short fiction relative to her novels.The characters in Matute's short fiction are dominated by violent and antisocial behavior that results from living in severely fragmented environments where both physical and mental cruelty and the absence of the nuclear family are commonplace. Matute's characters that suffer from traumatic events frequently fail to recover their former identity and remain in posttraumatic states, inhibiting healthy personal development and involvement with others in society. The memory of traumatic events dominates their persona and the characters are unable to distinguish the past from the present, causing a crisis of identity. In addition, Matute's characters can rarely rely on the community at large or family for support; this further propels them into isolation and negatively impacts their sense of self. Although Matute's literature is fictional, one can infer the toll of the Civil War and the dictatorship on the Spanish nation and its identity.
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Cabreira, Regina Helena Urias. "Literal and metaphorical frames in Dickens's little dorrit." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/24415.
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Johansson, Falck Marlene. "From perception of spatial artefacts to metaphorical meaning." Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-52535.
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This chapter compares spatial constructs in mental imagery to spatial constructs in non-metaphorical and metaphorical language. The study is based on a psycholinguistic survey of people’s mental imagery for paths and roads, and a previous corpus-linguistic investigation of path- and road-instances from the British National Corpus (the BNC) (see Johansson Falck 2010). The aim is to investigate if spatial path and road constructs in mental imagery focus on similar aspects as those in metaphorical language. The study shows that mental imagery and metaphorical language are more restricted than non-metaphorical language, and typically are related to the specific anticipations for bodily action that paths and roads afford. The focus is on function, which influences both direction and manner of motion.Embodiment of Motion Metaphors
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Agarkovienė, Aleksandra. "Metaphorical legitimization strategy in American Presidents' inaugural addresses." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140718_151134-87631.
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The present study aims at analysing metaphor in the inaugural addresses of American Presidents. It is hypothesised that metaphor is a legitimization strategy which is employed to affect the audience. The research questions were formulated as follows: What conceptual metaphors and their linguistic realizations are used for legitimization in American Presidents’ inaugural addresses and what are their rhetorical implications? The study was carried out within the framework of the Critical Metaphor Theory suggested by Charteris-Black (2005), which is a blend of Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Critical Discourse Analysis. The corpus of the study was compiled of 14 and 16 inaugural addresses delivered by American Presidents affiliated to the Democratic and Republican parties respectively. To achieve the aim the following objectives were set. Firstly, metaphorical expressions were identified and ascribed to the conceptual metaphors they manifest. Secondly, the quantitative analysis was carried out to reveal the frequency of the metaphorical expressions underlying the prevailing conceptual metaphors in the inaugural addresses delivered by the members of both political parties. Finally, the realizations of the conceptual metaphors were contrasted and interpreted across the two political parties. The analysis revealed the following prevailing conceptual metaphors: AMERICA IS A FAMILY, AMERICA IS A PERSON, POLITICS IS A JOURNEY, SIGNIFICANT IS BIG, POLITICS IS A BUILDING, DIFFICULTIES ARE... [to full text]Šis darbas nagrinėja metaforą kaip legitimizacijos strategiją, dominuojančią Amerikos prezidentų inauguracinių kalbų diskurse. Atlikti tyrimai rodo. kad metafora kaip legitimizacijos strategija yra vartojama siekiant daryti įtaką visuomenei. Tyrimui vykdyti buvo suformuoti tokie klausimai: kokios konceptualios metaforos yra vartojamos Amerikos prezidentų inauguracinėse kalbose legitimizacijos tikslais, kokia yra jų lingvistinė raiška ir kokia yra jų retorinė potekstė? Metafora politikoje, būdama šio tyrimo dėmesio centre, atsiduria tarp kognityvinės lingvistikos ir diskurso analizės. Panašu, kad abi šios mokslo sritys prisideda prie metaforų nagrinėjimo politiniame diskurse, sukurdamos aiškesnį jų pobūdžio ir veikimo ypatumų vaizdą. Taigi, šis tyrimas buvo atliktas remiantis Kritinės metaforos teorija, kuri yra Konceptualios metaforos teorijos ir Kritinės diskurso analizės derinys. Konceptualios metaforos teorijos pirmtakai Lakoff ir Johnson (1980: 4) parodė, jog mūsų konceptuali sistema savo prigimtimi yra iš esmės metaforinė. Metaforos esmė yra vieno dalyko supratimas ir patyrimas kito dalyko atžvilgiu. Mokslininkai teigia, jog konceptualios metaforos, kurios yra vartojamos politiniame diskurse, sėkmingai gali įtikinti, įteisinti bei įtakoti publiką. Susidomėjimas politikų kalba sustiprėjo diskurso tyrinėtojų dėka, kurie nagrinėja metaforų vartojimą politikų pasisakymuose, politinių partijų ir judėjimų dokumentuose, žiniasklaidoje, pokalbiuose prie apvalaus stalo, debatuose... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Durlesser, James A. "The metaphorical narratives in the book of Ezekiel /." Lewiston (N.Y.) : E. Mellen, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41373650h.
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Waller, Benjamin. "Metaphorical Space and Enclosure in Old English Poetry." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/17893.
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While the political and social spaces of Old English literature are fairly well understood, this project examines the conceptual spaces in Old English poetry. The Anglo-Saxons possessed a richly metaphorical understanding of the world, not merely in the sense of artistically ornamental metaphor, but in Lakoff and Johnson's sense of conceptual metaphor, which reflects the structures of thought through which a culture understands their world. Three domains exhibit developed systems of conceptual metaphor for the Anglo-Saxons: the self, death, and the world. First, the Anglo-Saxon self is composed of four distinct entities--body, mind, soul, and a life-force--which each behave independently as they compete for control in poems like The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and Soul and Body. Second, death for the Anglo-Saxon is expressed through a number of metaphors involving the status or placement of the body: removal to a distant place; separation of the body and the soul; location down on or within the earth; and the loss of life as a possession. Predominance of a particular metaphor contributes to the effects of individual poems, from The Fates of the Apostles and Beowulf to The Battle of Maldon and The Wife's Lament. Third, the Anglo-Saxon world is a large structure like a building, with its three primary components--heaven, hell, and earth--each themselves presented as building-like structures. Old English poetry, including native versions of Genesis, reveal heaven to be a protective Anglo-Saxon hall, while hell is a cold prison. The earth, in poems like Christ II and Guthlac B, is either a wide plain or a comforting house. Christ I connects these worlds through gates, including Mary, characterized as a wall-door. Finally, the apocalyptic Christ III employs metaphorical spaces for all three conceptual domains treated in this study but dramatizes their breakdown even as it reveals spatial enclosure the overarching structure of metaphorical concepts in Old English poetry.
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Lynn, Gareth D. "Beyond detonation : contemporary French cinema and AIDS." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369969.
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Drover, D. Lloyd Riegle Rodney P. "A metaphorical policy analysis of teacher evaluation (1980-89)." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1991. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9203043.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1991.Title from title page screen, viewed December 19, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Rodney P. Riegle (chair), J. Christopher Eisele, D. Michael Risen, Richard Berg, George Padavil. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-157) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Chen, Lan. "The Metaphorical Use of Boxing Terms in Everyday Language." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, School of Teacher Education, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-5518.
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The concern of this essay is to analyze how boxing terminology is used metaphorically in different contexts. The objective is to investigate the targets that these terms as the source domain are most often aimed at, i.e. what is described metaphorically by the use of boxing terms, and to analyze the possible reasons why a particular boxing term is chosen as the source to understand a particular target.
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Zhou, Yanping. "The Metaphorical Use of Plant Words in Everyday Language." Thesis, Kristianstad University, Department of Teacher Education, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-6621.
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Aley, Eric Brian. "Real-time metaphorical visualization of multi-dimensional environmental data." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3913.
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This research explores the process of reformulating multiple data sets into metaphorical
representations. The representations must coherently intertwine into a multi-level
metaphor that constrains their forms. A working installation has been created, using the
natural environment as a metaphor for the built environment. Numerical measurements
of weather conditions inside of Texas A&MÂs Langford architectural building are
translated into visual metaphors that map to the weather conditions of a landscape. The
state of the building is visually described in real time, where rainfall, wind strength,
grass color, and lightning represent humidity, airflow through the ventilation system,
temperature, and electricity consumption.
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Couturier, Kaijser Vilma. "Metaphorical uses of verbs of animal sounds in Swedish." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-148958.
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Animals often act as source domain is metaphorical shifts. In European languages, there are often several lexicalised verbs for specific sounds with a prototypical animal as subject. These verbs of animal sounds and their metaphorical meanings have been studied cross-linguistically, which have made it possible to create a classification of situations that tend to be expressed by animal metaphors. There are many verbs of animal sounds in Swedish, but their metaphorical uses are not investigated. The present study investigates the metaphorical use of verbs of animal sounds in Swedish blog text and news text. The classification is used as a starting point for analysing occurrences of 13 Swedish verbs. The study seeks to answer which situations can be expressed by the Swedish verbs, which different situations can one and the same verb express metaphorically, and how did the typological classification suit the Swedish data? The results showed that the verbs often have human subjects, and different verbs varies in the range of metaphorical uses they possess. Three types of changes were made to the classification to suit the Swedish data: situations were moved, situations were added, and situations were removed.Djur förekommer ofta som källdomän i metaforer. I europeiska språk finns det ofta många lexikaliserade verb för specifika typer av läten med ett prototypiskt djur som subjekt. Typologiska studier har gjorts på dessa verb för djurläten, och deras metaforiska användningar. Detta har lett till en klassifikationsmodell över mänskliga situationer som ofta uttrycks med metaforisk användning av verb för djurläten. I svenska finns det många sådana verb, men deras metaforiska användningar har inte undersökts. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka den metaforiska användningen av verb för djurläten i svenska. 13 verb som beskriver ett specifikt läte hos ett visst djur valdes ut. Studiens data var definitioner av verben, hämtade från lexikon, och konkordansrader med verben, hämtade från korpusar av språk från bloggar och nyhetstext. Studien undersöker vilka situationer som kan uttryckas med metaforisk användning av dessa verb, vilka olika användningar ett och samma verb kan uttrycka, samt hur väl den föreslagna klassifikationsmodellen fungerar på svenska. Resultatet visar att verben främst har mänskliga subjekt och att verben varierar i hur många och vilka situationer de kan uttrycka metaforiskt. Ett par ändringar gjordes på klassifikationsmodellen, till exempel lades typen ’talverb’ till, och subtypen ’röstkvalitet’ frigjordes från typen ’fysiologiska ljud’.
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Hoskins, Marie Louise. "Difficulties with discourse, a metaphorical reading of reconstituting self." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34268.pdf.
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Brady, Megan Anne. "Animals of the mind, metaphorical identification and ethical criticism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ52976.pdf.
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Xia, Mengying. "Acquisition of metaphorical expressions by Chinese learners of English." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284383.
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This study investigates the acquisition of conventional metaphorical expressions by Chinese learners of English. A conventional metaphorical expression, following the definition of cognitive semantics, refers to the use of a conventionalised non-literal meaning of a lexical item in a multi-word phrase. For example, the word 'attack' in the phrase 'attack one's idea', which should be interpreted as 'to criticise somebody or something severely', clearly departs from the literal meaning 'to use violence to try to hurt or kill somebody', and thus should be seen as a metaphorically used word. Consequently, the phrase 'attack one's idea' is a conventional metaphorical expression. This study explores learners' behaviour towards and acquisition of metaphorical expressions from two major perspectives: (1) possible cross-linguistic influence in the process of acquisition and factors that could affect cross-linguistic influence; and (2) the organisation of learners' bilingual lexicon and the status of metaphorical expressions in a bilingual lexicon. These two perspectives are considered to be the main factors that can influence learners' acquisition of metaphorical expressions: in order to acquire a metaphorical expression, learners should be able to integrate it into the bilingual lexicon, while the process of integration can be impacted by cross-linguistic influence. Previous research has mainly been conducted on the acquisition of certain figurative expressions in a second language, predominantly idioms; however, a combination of the two perspectives and a joint analysis on the acquisition of figurative language has yet to be accomplished. This study presents a first attempt of such analysis on the acquisition of a specific type of figurative language. The results of the experiments reported in this dissertation show that learners react differently to metaphorical expressions with different cross-linguistic availabilities (shared between Chinese and English or exclusively available in Chinese or English) but in general they encounter difficulty to achieve native-like performance when reading metaphorical expressions available in their second language. Persistent cross-linguistic influence is observed in two aspects, even among highly proficient learners: (1) learners encounter obstacles when acquiring the metaphorical expressions that are only available in their second language; and (2) learners seem to still activate the metaphorical meanings that are only available in their first language even when they read in their second language. These results altogether reflect that metaphorical expressions, regardless of cross-linguistic availability, are more difficult to acquire than literal expressions in a second language.
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James, Joanne. "Towards a metaphorical framework of team coaching : an autoethnography." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2017. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/32578/.
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This thesis integrates theory and practice of team coaching into a holistic framework relevant to professional coaches and professional coach educators. I adopt an autoethnographic approach, exploring team coaching via three fieldwork sites; two sites where I am the team coach and thirdly a discussion group of professional coaches. Fieldwork data is collated chronologically and implicit knowledge is surfaced through story telling as a mechanism of sense making to answer the question: What is going on when I am coaching a team? In analysing and interpreting my stories, I take a postmodernist theoretical perspective, adopting a deconstructive approach which seeks to elucidate multiple ways of knowing and seeing. The resulting framework draws on four metaphors. Team as machine that follows a functionalist model of effectiveness that can be managed through behaviours and process. Team as family, which illuminates the interwoven nature of individual relationships and suggests strategies to create safe, mutually respectful collaborative behaviours. Team as living system represents the experience of teams thriving within a dynamic interrelated environment. Finally, the team and coach in Wonderland depicts a coaching assignment as analogous to following the White Rabbit into Wonderland. In a strange environment we may feel uncertain and vulnerable, however, curiosity enables us to remain open to possibilities. Each metaphorical perspective offers a ‘mode of awareness’ from which to operate as a coach. The framework develops our understanding of team coaching by bringing together diverse theoretical streams to inform what is going on in a new and accessible way as the metaphorical devices encapsulate complex ideas with simplicity. I contribute to team coaching practice as professional coaches can use the metaphorical language allied with theory to plan and reflect upon coaching assignments, consider relevant coaching approaches and engage in supervision. A shared language of metaphors provides researchers and practitioners with a new way to describe team coaching, creating a foundation on which to progress development in the future. In addition, the framework provides the basis for a coach development curriculum. I distinguish between team coaching and other team-based interventions and highlight how dyadic coaching practices may be applied within the team context to enable professionals from a variety of backgrounds to engage with the framework. Finally, I offer a transparent insight into a different way of investigating professional coaching practice describing how autoethnography allows us to tell practice stories in ways that are both evocative, insightful and open to analysis.
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Gwyn, Q. Hugh J. "The metaphorical theology of Sallie McFague an exploratory study." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5575.
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Sallie McFague, an American theologian, has developed a metaphorical theology during the last 35 years. Her fundamental critique is that the language and dominant metaphors that are used in theology to talk of God in relation to the world are no longer meaningful or significant today. Her basic methodology is to use scripture, tradition, feminist insights, process thought and experience as the basis for advancing her theology. Her premises arose primarily from her perception of the oppression of women, men and the rest of living and non-living creation arising from dominant hierarchal dualisms. Creation has been commodified in the neo-classical economic model. She proposes the alternative metaphors of mother, lover and friend to describe our relation with God and a model of Creation as God's Body to underpin our understanding of our relationship to creation. This is essentially congruent with the present evolutionary cosmological model of the universe. It means that we are both utterly dependent on the world, living and inanimate, and that we can no longer look upon it as other; because as God's body, God is both transcendent and radically immanent in creation, our present home where we must be actors in it as well and not tourists - temporary residents.
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Oliver, William R. "The Matrix a metaphorical paralell [i.e. parallel] to language /." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/oliverw/williamoliver.pdf.
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Maring, Bayta Louise. "The metaphorical bases of children's developing theories of mind /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3102179.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-192). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Koroliova, Natalija. "Metaphorical conceptions of the European Union in the British press." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080924_174308-94047.
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In the present study the most frequent conceptual metaphors of the EU in the British Press are analysed applying the method of content analysis.Šiame darbe yra analizuojamos dažniausiai naudojamos britų spaudoje Europos Sąjungos konceptualiosios metaforos.
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Begy, Jason Scott. "Interpreting abstract games : the metaphorical potential of formal game elements." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59570.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Comparative Media Studies, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-92).
As cultural artifacts, abstract games offer unique challenges to critical interpretation. This is largely due to the fact that such games lack a fictional element: there are no characters, no settings, and no narratives to speak of. In this thesis I propose that understanding the various formal elements of games as metaphors can both serve as an effective critical method and offer insights into designing more expressive games. I begin by addressing the ambiguity surrounding the phrase "abstract game" and offer a definition rooted in Peircean semiotics and Juul's model of games as consisting of both rules and fiction. I next offer a model of games as consisting of three levels: the system, audio-visual, and affective. This is followed by an overview of Lakoff and Johnson's concept of "metaphor" as "understanding one thing in terms of another." I then argue that different types of metaphors have a natural affinity for the system and affective levels of games. From this I develop methods for a critical method wherein games are considered to be metaphors. I conclude with a discussion of this method's implications for game design and future game research.
by Jason Scott Begy.
S.M.
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Wilson, Nicole L. "Conceptualizing motion events and metaphorical motion : evidence from Spanish/English bilinguals /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Ault, Nancy. "The landscape of the soul : a metaphorical model of Christian mysticism." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18499.
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What would happen if Christian spiritual life is seen, not as a pilgrimage through a landscape, but as the landscape itself? In order to explore this question, this thesis expands the metaphor of the 'landscape of the soul' into a model of Christian spiritual life. The 'landscape of the soul' is treated as a system; with its input being God's self-revelation of love through Jesus Christ; its transformational process being the re-creation of a person through the love of God; and its output being union with God. In a representational mapping of the model, three interrelated networks of systems are identified: a geology representing physical and psychological processes relating to human experiencing; a geomorphology connected with human growth and development; and an ecology depicting the flow of God's love through various interrelationships present in the 'landscape of the soul'. These systems are considered with reference to three characteristics of landscape: matrix, the area that is most prominent; patches, areas that are different from the common matrix; and corridors, areas that facilitate the flow of information, energy or materials. The 'landscape of the soul' is also thematically mapped using different types of understandings that are associated with mysticism. The geological network is seen as analogous to those discourses that interpret mysticism as a distinct type of altered state of consciousness; the geomorphological network, with those understandings that link mysticism with stages in prayer or psycho-spiritual development; and the ecological network, with those understandings that associate mysticism with the encounter and relationship with God in Christ. From this thematic exploration, the model proposes that the altered state of consciousness in the geology of experiencing be likened to being-in-love with God; that the process represented by stages in the geomorphology of growing be seen as the deepening and honing of attention to God; and the relationship depicted in the ecology of relating be perceived as a mutual selfgiving between God and a person in an exchange of love. The model is tested in an individual case study of the life and writings of Clare of Assisi and through a survey of spiritual directors and therapists. A model of Christian life based upon the metaphor of the 'landscape of the soul' emphasises an encounter with Christ in the present moment and provides a framework in which some different understandings of mysticism can be situated. Moreover, what emerges is a distinctly Christian understanding of a mysticism of everyday in which the apophatic and transformational encounter with God is grounded in Christ.
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Buzz, Lu La. "The states and status of clay : material, metamorphic and metaphorical values." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/11639.
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This doctoral project combines a performance-led practice with contextual research in order to demonstrate how arts practice can challenge historical perceptions of clay and enhance its material status. The core knowledge deduced from this research is that embodied performance transforms connectivity between artist and clay and produces a unified incarnation of both elements. Through the use of immersive research methods I gained insights which could not have been predicted - particularly that my experiential performances were a process of ‘clay becoming’ in which I ultimately became the clay. In terms of locality, the practice, comprising eight performance-led works and related documentation, focuses on the China Clay and Ball Clay of South West England. Traditionally in the arts, these materials are associated with ceramics, where through heating, clay becomes rigid and fixed. In contrast, my research investigates the textural fluidity and metamorphic potential of these clays in their raw state. The practice encompasses two interrelated groups of work; the In-breath and Out-breath. These terms are significant in three respects. Firstly they define two different modes and moments of practice. Secondly they refer to myself as a living component of these practices. Thirdly they reflect the cultural associations of clay as a metaphor for life. During the initial exploratory ‘In-breath’ phase of my practice, comprising four site-specific pieces, I engaged with clay at sites of historical relevance, building an expansive knowledge of my material. During the later ‘Out-breath’ phase, identification with site was relinquished. These works took place within neutral spaces, allowing the clay to be explored in relation to my body. The introduction of layering, where photographic elements of private clay rituals were situated within the context of a live performance, allowed a texturally dynamic and immersive experience to be created for both artist and viewer. By collecting and preserving clay traces from these live performances (e.g. foot and body prints) additional value was given to the embedded significance of the clay.
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Reinstorf, Dieter Heinrich. "Metaphorical stories in Luke's narrative world a challenge to a conventional worldview /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11132006-145911/.
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Fittipaldi, Luis Antonio Egidio. "Agency, structure and subjectivity : towards a new metaphorical model of the mind." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13631.
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The current thesis is based on the research of the psychoanalytical concepts of agency, subject and structure while it correlates the same notions with the clinical observations of patients with personality disorder in crisis [patient group]. It also proposes an answer to the problem of agency and structure, incorporating structuration theory and recursivity. This is done by the construction and outline of a new framework, which is designated as the scaffolding model. The analysis of the analytical observations demonstrated that patients present in the clinical arena with dual narratives that include two accounts, which have been identified as the problem and the solution formed scenarios. This twofold situation is guided by a dyadic functioning process, which is a functional pattern that not only regulates language but it also maintains an integrated function in the brain and in the mind of the subject. It constitutes a new structure, which associates the brain-mind and language [+senses], forming a “self-organization system”. Agency, here, is the power or vacuum that allows symbolic action. This research offers a new tool in the treatment of members of the patient group or in the treatment of subjects who present ambivalently or in conflict. This new approach designated as dual narratives facilitate a different perspective than the ones already established, such as cognitive analytical therapy, which give answers to the same clinical situations. Dual narratives work at two levels. This is done by preventing risks and by looking into the causes of the ambivalence of the subject, using Lacanian concepts, such as the notion of the signifier, and exploring the subjective position.
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Leseho, Johanna. "Educators' experiences of using metaphorical exploration for managing anger in the schools." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ32715.pdf.
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Kanapeckas, Irmantas. "Metaphorical Business Terms in the English Language and Their Translation into Lithuanian." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080929_113740-52455.
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Over a thousand English metaphorical business terms collected from Longman Business English Dictionary, Dictionary of Economics, Macmillan Dictionary of Modern Economics and The Encyclopedical Lithuanian-English Dictionary of Banking and Commerce are analyzed in the Master’s thesis. Since often the same English terms can have multiple equivalents in Lithuanian language, it is essential to choose and consistently use the same terminology when translating. However, the analysis of authentic contemporary translations of such terms collected from Translation Memory of the European Commission's Directorate General for Translation and Donelaitis Parallel Corpus demonstrates that this rule is often ignored and various translation strategies are employed. Furthermore, multitude of proposed translations of such terms in the dictionaries shows that Lithuanian business terminology is still under development, but tendency not to preserve metaphoricity can be observed.Magistro darbe nagrinėjama daugiau kaip tūkstantis metaforinių anglų kalbos verslo terminų, surinktų iš Longman Business English Dictionary, Ekonomikos terminų žodyno, Aiškinamojo ekonomikos anglų-lietuvių kalbų žodyno bei Lietuvių-anglų kalbų aiškinamojo bankinių ir komercinių terminų žodyno. Kadangi neretai tie patys angliški terminai lietuvių kalboje gali turėti kelis atitikmenis, verčiant ypač svarbu pasirinkti ir nuosekliai vartoti vienodą terminiją. Tačiau šiuolaikinių tokių terminų vertimų, surinktų iš Europos Komisijos generalinio vertimo direktorato vertimų atminčių bei Donelaičio lygiagrečiojo tekstyno, analizė rodo, kad ši taisyklė dažnai ignoruojama ir taikomos įvairios vertimo strategijos. Be to, žodynuose siūloma tokių terminų vertimų gausa rodo, kad lietuviškoji verslo terminija dar nėra nusistovėjusi, bet pastebima tendencija atsisakyti metaforiškumo.
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Pettitt, Jeremy Nicholas. "Metaphor, meaning and truth : semantic and pragmatic aspects of the metaphorical function." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358539.
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Howell, Brian C. "In the eyes of God : a metaphorical approach to biblical anthropomorphic language." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505765.
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This paper proposes a metaphorical approach to biblical anthropomorphic language. It seeks to avoid both unduly muting these expressions in favour of divine 'otherness,' (e.g. the accommodation of Chrysostom and Calvin, the history-of-religions approach of Walther Eichrodt, and R. E. Clements), and treating God as essentially human (Abraham Heschel, Terence Fretheim, and Open Theists). Furthermore, it endeavours to establish a more secure ground for diviue reference than that typical of analogical approaches (Aquinas).
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McGonigal, Andrew James Joseph. "The metaphorical problem : realism and anti-realism in the philosophy of metaphor." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1210/.
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This thesis is concerned with the meaning of metaphors. In particular, it examines a contemporary dispute in the philosophy of language, primarily comprising critical responses to Donald Davidson’s seminal work in the area, which focuses on the question of whether metaphorical utterances, qua metaphors, ought to receive distinctive semantic evaluations. I treat this debate as an instance of a more general form of philosophical dispute, which has been explored in some detail in recent work on the nature of realism and anti-realism. The thesis has five chapters. In the first chapter, I outline, motivate and evaluate two contrasting approaches to realism, proposed by Michael Devitt and Crispin Wright. I argue that neither is wholly satisfactory, but that a modified version of Wright’s approach is likely to be most fruitful in the philosophy of metaphor. In the second chapter, I examine the character of Davidson’s anti-realism, concluding that he is best thought of as an error-theorist about metaphorical meaning. I go on to set out a unified Davidsonian argument for semantic and pragmatic anti-realism about metaphor, and offer a sustained discussion and partial defence of the six premises that such an argument proceeds from. My third chapter outlines a series of common objectives to Davidson’s views, and argues that error-theorists have the resources to address many of these criticisms in a fairly plausible manner. In the fourth chapter, I go on to investigate the realist standing of metaphorical meaning in more detail. I examine the open-endedness of metaphor in the light of Wright’s response-dependent theory of intention, and argue that this approach offers a novel response to certain anti-realist concerns. The fifth chapter concerns the relationship between metaphor and non-conceptual content. I argue that thinking of metaphorical meanings as non-conceptual entails that the non-propositional and limitless character of metaphor does not pose a fatal objection to a pragmatic realist account, contra Davidson. I apply my suggested account to two test cases: metaphors that describe one’s emotional state, and religious metaphors, and argue that in each case, thinking of the metaphors as expressing non-conceptual contents is potentially suggestive and helpful. In that chapter, I also examine the possibility of an robustly realist approach to metaphorical meanings, modelled on the epistemicist approach to vagueness set out in recent work by Timothy Williamson. I demonstrate how the dominant objection to this account can be partially defused, and go on to examine the final standing of the dispute between realist and anti-realist.
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Kasozi, Alexandra. "A discursive exploration of clients' and counsellors' metaphorical talk in counselling sessions." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2018. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/A-discursive-exploration-of-clients’-and-counsellors’-metaphorical-talk-in-counselling-sessions(a9073a1f-7054-413b-af34-4ec9dc253505).html.
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This thesis presents a discursive analysis of clients’ and counsellors’ metaphorical talk in counselling sessions. Permission was granted for access to, and the research use of, existing data originally collected from the Pluralistic Therapy for Depression Clinic at the University of Strathclyde. This data took the form of audio recordings of counsellors’ and clients’ oneto- one counselling sessions. Of the data obtained, a total of thirteen counselling sessions from the therapy of three client-counsellor pairs’ were transcribed using a modified version of Jeffersonian notation. Transcriptions were then coded to distinguish occasions of metaphorical talk. Subsequently they were analysed using a discursive psychology approach which drew on conversation analytic and ethnomethodological principles. This method considered the consequentiality of metaphorical talk on the surrounding interaction, how metaphorical constructions were assembled, and what actions were performed with metaphorical talk in the situated context of the therapeutic discourse. This was followed by a critical revisiting of some of the findings. The analysis found clients’ and counsellors’ uses of metaphor within the data related to three spheres of activity. The first related to constructions of identity through metaphorical talk – in particular a) the construction of relationships by both clients and counsellors using metaphors related to familial role categories, and b) clients’ metaphorical constructions of past versus present identities. The second involved clients’ use of metaphor to do topic management and resistance. The third involved the use of metaphor as a discursive resource in the construction of shared-meaning. Following this the implications of these findings for counselling psychology practice and other psychological therapists were discussed. In particular, a greater awareness of the possible impact of metaphorical talk and claims, and reflection on their impact in both limiting and freeing what is possible in the discourse was suggested.
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Cameron, Lynne Joan. "Metaphorical use of language in educational discourse : a theoretical and empirical investigation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020284/.
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This thesis investigates metaphor used by teachers and textbook writers, and the impact on children. The theoretical investigation clarifies definitions and descriptions of metaphor, to establish a valid, adequate framework for analysis of metaphor in ordinary, contextualised interaction. A "prosaics of metaphor" is developed, including metaphor identification procedures, a set of graded descriptors of metaphor, and interactional units of analysis to investigate metaphor in talk. Theoretical issues of the coherence of the category "prosaic metaphor", and the relation between prosaic and poetic metaphor, are discussed. Two linked empirical investigations are centred around a ten year old child's discourse experience in a U.K. primary classroom. The first analyses transcribed talk, collected across several different lessons, for use of metaphor in relation to teaching/learning goals. Results include information on the frequency, distribution and nature of metaphor in use, and insights into how metaphor is signalled and supported in teacher-pupil interaction. Metaphor use is explained in terms of contextual demands, and the set of graded metaphor descriptors is refined. The second investigation uses a variation of Think Aloud methodology to explore understanding of metaphors in scientific texts. Analysis shows how knowledge brought to a text, selection of metaphors, the place of metaphor in text structure, and peer or adult mediation can influence understanding and learning. The study reveals how metaphor choice can oversimplify concepts and skills which children need to acquire in the middle years of education. Interaction is shown as central in providing access to new ideas through metaphor. These results carry implications for textbook writers, teachers, and others who may mediate content through metaphor. The thesis contributes to the field of metaphor studies through links found between child and adult use of metaphor, and through the development of tools for analysing metaphor in interaction, which can be refined and extended to other discourse contexts.
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Björklund, Elin Maria. "Metaphorical mountainscapes : Translating metaphors, similes and metonymy in an adventure travel guide." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97999.
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This study examines the translation of an adventure travel guide from English to Swedish, focusing on the translation of conventional metaphors, original metaphors, metonymy and similes, with special attention to conceptual metaphors. The results show that most of the metaphors are reproduced in the target text, along with most of the metonymic segments and all similes. The findings suggest that the relatively high rate of metaphors and metonymy reproduced is due to a high degree of shared metaphorical concepts in source and target culture, whereas the decrease likely is due to an asymmetry in the preference of usage and degree of elaboration for these metaphors. The qualitative analysis shows that many conceptual metaphors fulfilled important functions in the source text, which confirms previous research that preserving the conceptual metaphors as much as possible in the translation process is essential in order to preserve all the functions of the source text. Analysis of metonymy and the personification of cities shows how the metonymic concept place for person is related to the central theme of personification and that this concept is likewise used to fulfill an important purpose of the source text, showing that metonymy is equally important to preserve in the translation process. The results of this study suggest that the choice of translation strategy in some cases is less dependent on category and more dependent on to what extent the cultural concepts that the metaphor/simile/metonymy is based on is similar/different, more/less elaborate or more/less preferred in source and target culture.
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Dittmer, Jacob, and Johan Hägerhult. "Metaphorical Connections to Interfaces: Guidance for Picking Icons Through a Contextual Approach." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21117.
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This paper explores the implications of metaphorical elements in the contextof physical products that coexist with a digital interface, through an empiricand theoretical approach. Further, problematic aspects of the use ofmetaphors in a digital space will be discussed, and two prototypes will becreated to investigate how icons are perceived in different contexts.In cooperation with home-security company Verisure, the prototypes will beproduced and usability tested. Fundamental interaction design principleswill be implemented in order to investigate the impact of metaphor in iconbasedinteraction. These findings will be discussed and processed into a setof key factors to consider when working with icons.
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Rosengren, Linnea. "Figures of Fashion : A study on the translatability of metaphorical language in fashion." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13549.
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This study is an analysis of the translation of metaphorical language in three journalistic fashion features from English to Swedish. The aim is to analyse what different translation procedures can be applied when translating metaphorical language. A few words and expressions were chosen and categorised as either dead, cliché, stock, recent or original metaphors. In order to translate them to the target language, different theories (e.g. Newmark 1988, Nida 1969, Ingo 2007) were considered and consequently applied in the translation process. Is a metaphor best translated with another metaphor or with a non-metaphorical word or expression? This was the major question for the translator throughout this analysis. After translating the source text to the target language, the different translation procedures were summarised and discussed. How do the choices made by the translator correspond with Newmark’s, Nida’s and Ingo’s theories? The study showed that the translator cannot rely solely on theories in order to translate metaphors. This is due to the fact that, even if the preferred translation procedure is to translate a metaphor with the same metaphor in the target language that is not always possible. Factors such as the translator’s personal associations, assumptions and knowledge of the subject are of major importance. Also, the context proved to be of major importance in the translation process of metaphorical language.
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De, Orduna Mercado Santiago. "Coatepec: The Great Temple of the Aztecs, recreating a metaphorical state of dwelling." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19261.
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The present study examines the Great Temple of the Aztecs as it has been seen through the eyes of different people through time. It does not intend to be a comprehensive history of the Temple's interpretations, as many important viewpoints have been discarded for the sake of the central questions. It exemplifies three important moments in which the Great Temple of the Aztecs was "reinvented": sixteenth-century New Spain, the Enlightenment in New Spain and Europe, and the Mexican post-revolutionary PRI (Partido Revolucionario Institucional) regime in the twentieth century. It concentrates on interests of three different groups of people which had different visions and agendas to fulfill: the regular orders during the sixteenth century (Franciscans and Dominicans), the early philosophers of history during the eighteenth century, and the scholars, scientists, artists and architects involved in the national reconstruction after the Mexican Revolution of 1910. This dissertation contains a history of the "ideas" of the Temple, revealing, among other things, the way in which contemporary Mexicans have constructed their identity and ways of action. The general ideas of "the Great Temple of the Aztecs" mediated by different viewpoints -as is the scientific one, or the one of the ruling party- say more about contemporary fields of knowledge and national politics than about the temple or the Aztecs "itself." The reading of these different interpretations does not intend to discredit them, but to raise the broader issue of the complexity of human self-understanding. The challenge would be to "loosen" rigid rational understandings in order to visualize the world as something that is given, alive, and unique. This would raise the possibilityLa présente étude examine le Grand Temple des Aztèques comme il a été vu à travers les yeux de différentes personnes à différents moments de l´histoire. Il n'a pas l'intention d'être une histoire de l'interprétation du Temple, puisque de nombreux points de vue importants ont été mis de coté pour approfondir la question centrale. Il insiste sur trois grands moments dans lesquels le Grand Temple des Aztèques a été "réinventé": le XVIe siècle en Nouvelle-Espagne, le siècle des Lumières en Europe et en Nouvelle-Espagne, et le Mexique post-révolutionnaire du XXe siècle. L´attention est concentrée sur les intérêts des trois différents groupes de personnes qui avaient des visions différentes et des agendas à remplir, à savoir: les ordres réguliers durant le XVIe siècle (Franciscains et Dominicains), les premiers philosophes de l'histoire au cours du XVIIIe siècle, et les penseurs, scientifiques, artistes et architectes impliqués dans la reconstruction nationale après la révolution mexicaine de 1910. Cette thèse contient une histoire de "l'idée" du Temple, révélant, entre autres choses, la façon dont les Mexicains contemporains ont construit leur identité et leurs moyens d'action. Les idées générales du "Grand Temple des Aztèques" médiatisées par différents points de vue,-comme le scientifique, ou celui du parti au pouvoir-, dit encore plus sur la politique ou sur l'état des domaines de la connaissance contemporaine que sur le temple ou sur les Aztèques eux mêmes. La lecture de ces différentes interprétations n'a pas l'intention de les discréditer, mais de soulever la question plus large de la complexité de l'auto-compréhension de l'homme. Le défi serait de lacher un peu la p
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Falk, Daniel Keith. ""Poor" in the New Testament an evaluation of literal, metaphorical, and symbolic views /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
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Lim, Phyllis Louise. "Meaning versus verbatim memory in language processing: Deriving inferential, morphological, and metaphorical gist." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186487.
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Adult memory for verbatim and gist information was tested immediately and after a 12-day delay in three experiments within the framework of fuzzy-trace theory, (e.g., Brainerd & Reyna, 1990; Reyna & Brainerd, 1991) using a crossed, within-subjects false recognition design which controlled for the amount of verbatim and gist in recognition stimuli and for the difficulties mentioned by Fletcher (1992). Instruction to recognize gist or verbatim information was a between-subjects factor. Experiment 1 investigated sentence recognition and misrecognition of inferences for spatial and linear sentences. Subjects exhibited both verbatim memory for the presented premises and gist intrusion for sentences that differed in surface form but shared the same gist. Relationships between presented premises and their inferences were independent when subjects interrogated verbatim traces to answer memory questions, and gist traces to answer reasoning (inference) questions. Subjects used gist to verify sentences in the meaning condition, and dependencies between premises and inferences were largely positively dependent. Overall, Experiment 1 replicated Reyna and Kiernan's (in press) findings with children, suggesting that adults do not qualitatively differ from children in the processing of verbatim and gist representations. Experiment 1's results rule out a constructivist account of memory (e.g., Bransford and Franks, 1971). Experiment 2 investigated recognition of inflected (e.g., past tense and plural) verb and noun word pairs, and misrecognition of analogous pairs. Results were similar to Experiment 1 as subjects used verbatim traces for verification in the memory condition. When processing for patterns, however, some subjects appeared to use a phonological rule, whereas others appeared to use a semantic rule. Experiment 3 investigated recognition of interpretations of novel Literal and Perceptual metaphors. Results were largely similar to those of Experiments 1 and 2. However, negative dependencies were found between presented metaphors and their interpretations in the memory condition, supporting the principle of discrepancy detection (e.g., Loftus, 1979). Evidence disconfirmed stage models of metaphor interpretation in which literal precedes figurative interpretation. Results were explained by two models of interpretation depending on metaphor type (Literal or Perceptual). Individual differences in gist versus verbatim processing were found in adults across the three experiments.