Relevant bibliographies by topics / Metaphorical extensions

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Metaphorical extensions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Metaphorical extensions"

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CIENKI, ALAN. "STRAIGHT: An image schema and its metaphorical extensions." Cognitive Linguistics 9, no. 2 (January 1998): 107–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cogl.1998.9.2.107.

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Mori, Souma. "A Cognitive Analysis of the PrepositionOVER: Image-schema transformations and metaphorical extensions." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 64, no. 3 (February 18, 2019): 444–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2018.43.

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AbstractDewell (1994), following Brugman (1981) and Lakoff (1987), provides a semantic analysis ofoverby relying more exclusively on image-schema transformations than did Brugman and Lakoff. The Brugman-Lakoff-Dewell analysis, however, can be improved by using simpler image-schemas, more natural image-schema transformations, and metaphorical extensions. A key idea adopted in the present article is to capture both trajectors and landmarks three-dimensionally and topologically. This modification brings about the elimination of unessential features such as the shape and size of the trajector and the landmark, contact/non-contact between the trajector and the landmark, and physical properties of the trajector. Its main advantage is that a central image-schema for a semicircular path provides the basis for explaining all of the senses ofoverusing natural image-schema transformations and metaphorical extensions. The proposed image-schema transformations include: segment profiling, profiling the endpoint of access paths, the profiled peak position of the semicircular path with the constraint that the rest of the semicircular path is excluded, and the extension of the semicircular path-trajectory to an image of covering. The proposed metaphorical senses aretime, means,andcontrol.In addition, the radial category relating each sense ofoveris presented.
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Otoo, Ruby. "Metaphorical Extensions of Ye (eat) Verb: The Case of Gᾶ." International Journal of Linguistics 9, no. 6 (January 2, 2018): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v9i6.12104.

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The aim of this paper is to examine lexical semantics from a cognitive approach in Gᾶ, a Kwa language. In Gᾶ, the verb Ye ‘eat’ has polysemous and metaphorical uses. There has been linguistic research in Gᾶ and there is still the interest to study the language. Currently, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study that specifically explores lexical semantics from the cognitive approach. This is the gap the researcher attempts to fill. The verb denoting perception has metaphorical expressions that will have some relationship with the original verb. In the discussion, we consider the pragmatic implications and relevance of the extensions derived from the verb ye ‘eat’.. We look at the nature of the derived semantic patterns and consider the extent to which they are peculiar to the Gӑ language and culture. The study is based on Sweetser’s (1990) cognitive approach of semantic change. The paper shows that most of the metaphorical extensions are based on human perception and interaction with the physical world. The findings of the study reveal that the metaphorical meanings reflect the socio-cultural experiences of the Gӑ land, hence, the more they move away from the physical realms, the greater the realizations.
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Akumbu, Pius W., and Roland Kießling. "Literal and metaphorical usages of Babanki EAT and DRINK verbs." Afrika und Übersee 94 (December 31, 2021): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/auue.2021.94.1.248.

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In Babanki, a Grassfields Bantu language of North-West Cameroon, two of the numerous consumption verbs, namely the generic verbs ʒɨ́ ‘eat’ and ɲʉ́ ‘drink’, constitute a major source of metaphorical extensions outside the domain of ingestion. Setting out from a characterisation of the basic meanings of these two lexical items as they emerge from their paradigmatic relations within the semantic field of alimentation processes, this paper explores the figurative usages of the two verbs and their underlying semantic motivations. Semantic extensions that radiate from eat can be subsumed under two closely related structural metaphors, i.e. APPROPRIATION OF RESOURCES IS EATING and WINNING IS EATING. The first metaphor construes the acquisition and exploitation of non-food items such as material possession as eating, while the second metaphor casts the acquisition of immaterial advantage in the mould of eating. Both metaphors have further entailments, i.e. the derivation of pleasure from consumption of resources, the depletion of resources via consumption and the deprivation of a third party from access to these resources. Semantic extensions that radiate from drink can be accounted for in two structural metaphors, i.e. INHALATION IS DRINKING and ABSORPTION IS DRINKING. Remarkably, some metaphorical extensions of consumption verbs attested in other African languages, such as extensions of EAT for sexual intercourse and for killing, and the extensions of DRINK for undergoing trouble and enduring painful experiences are absent in Babanki.
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Bagirokova, Irina G. "Metaphorical Extensions of the Verbs of Falling in West-Circassian." Izvestiia Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriia literatury i iazyka 79, no. 5 (2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s241377150012298-0.

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Pasaribu, Truly Almendo. "Polysemy and Metaphorical Extensions of Temperature Terms: Warm and Cool." Script Journal: Journal of Linguistic and English Teaching 4, no. 2 (October 20, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/sj.v4i2.322.

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This study focuses on describing the concept and the extended senses of warm and cool in English. As these temperature terms contain more than one semantic representation, this study aims at finding out the prototypical meaning, the extended senses, and the relation between the prototypical meaning and the extended senses of these lexemes. The word warm has three extended senses, namely: (1) friendly, (2) pleasant to other senses, and (3) near the goal of the game. Furthermore, the word cool whose prototypical meaning is “having a low temperature” has four senses, namely: (1) calm, (2) unfriendly, (3) fashionable and (4) agreeable. These three words which are originally expressed to describe the degree of heat are extended to describe other human physical experience. The extension of those senses is motivated by metaphors as the temperature domain is pervasive to express non-temperature entity. The discussion highlights the relations between the central sense and the extended ones. The relation of the senses enables us to draw the semantic networks of polysemy warm and cool.
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Somov, Alexey. "Metaphorical Representations of the Biblical Concepts of Death and Resurrection When Translating in a Buddhist Context." Bible Translator 68, no. 1 (April 2017): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051677016687617.

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This article applies Lakoff and Johnson’s cognitive metaphor theory to the key terms of death and resurrection in the Scriptures and examines the translation of these terms into languages with a traditional Buddhist culture whose worldview is different from that of the Bible. The present analysis indicates that in the conceptual system of the biblical authors, the concept of death is metaphorically described as sleep while resurrection is pictured as waking up and standing up. However, in the Buddhist worldview the concept of the resurrection is absent and the concept of death is not always metaphorically extended as sleep. This article discusses the practical possibilities and limits of the representations of these metaphorical extensions in three Buddhist-context translation projects of the Institute for Bible Translation in Russia: Buryat, Kalmyk, and Tuvan. It also offers some suggestions about searching for their possible representations in the target language.
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Agyekum, Kofi. "Akan metaphoric expressions based on yam ‘stomach’." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 2, no. 1 (September 24, 2015): 94–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.2.1.05agy.

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This paper discusses the Akan body part yam ‘stomach’ and its metaphorical extensions. It will consider how most of the extensions have been conventionalised to the extent that there are no alternative means of expressing the concept, and look at the strong relationship between the stomach, the heart, the chest, the brain, and the womb in the expressions of emotion whether positive or negative. The paper argues that the word yam can be considered polysemic with various related senses, but that it is also used metonymically in referring to the SELF or one’s personality. The paper at the same time investigates how some of the ‘stomach’ expressions include the UP/DOWN and the HOT/COOL dimensions.
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Rounthwaite, Adair. "Split Witness: Metaphorical Extensions of Life in the Art of Felix Gonzalez-Torres." Representations 109, no. 1 (2010): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2010.109.1.35.

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This article examines timelessness as a strategy of textual survival employed in the art of Felix Gonzalez-Torres in the wake of the exhibition of his work at the 2007 Venice Biennale. At the Biennale, an erosion of the awareness that this timelessness stems from a split witnessing position led to effects of haunting, in which the artist's intentionality was problematically depicted as literally continuing beyond his death.
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Díaz Vera, Javier E. "When pain is not a place: Pain and its metaphors in late middle English medical texts." Onomázein Revista de lingüística filología y traducción 26 (2012): 279–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/onomazein.26.10.

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In this research i will identify and describe the metaphorical expressions for pain recorded in the texts included in the Middle English Medical Texts corpus, a collection of english medical writings from the period 1350- 1500. Furthermore, i will propose a comparison between the resulting list of specialised medical metaphors and a list of metaphorical patterns for pain extracted from a multi-genre, late middle english corpus, the Helsinki Corpus of English Texts (subperiods me iii and me iV), which i will use here as my reference corpus. in doing so, i will try to show that medieval medical authors borrowed or developed new metaphorical extensions in order to describe pain and its treatments. Through the use of these metaphorical patterns, medieval medical writers tried to refer to pain as a process, with a beginning, a treatment and an end. in fact, pain is frequently conceived of as a living entity of adverse nature (e.g. a soldier, an enemy, a wild animal), and it is the doctor’s role to fight it with all the weapons (i.e. treatments) at his disposal. These conceptual choices differ greatly from the conceptualizations of pain found in the multi-genre corpus, where pain is frequently conceived of as a permanent state or as a place.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Metaphorical extensions"

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Komatsu, Hiroko. "Prototypes and Metaphorical Extensions: The Japanese Numeral Classifiers hiki and hatsu." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19648.

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This study concerns the meaning of Japanese numeral classifiers (NCs) and, particularly, the elements which guide us to understand the metaphorical meanings they can convey. In the typological literature, as well as in studies of Japanese, the focus is almost entirely on NCs that refer to entities. NCs are generally characterised as being matched with a noun primarily based on semantic criteria such as the animacy, the physical characteristics, or the function of the referent concerned. However, in some languages, including Japanese, nouns allow a number of alternative NCs, so that it is considered that NCs are not automatically matched with a noun but rather with the referent that the noun refers to in the particular context in which it occurs. This study examines data from the Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese, and focuses on two NCs as case studies: hiki, an entity NC, typically used to classify small, animate beings, and hatsu, an NC that is used to classify both entities and events that are typically explosive in nature. The study employs the framework of Prototype Theory, along with the theory of conceptual metaphor, and the theory of metonymy. The analysis of the data identified a number of semantic components for each of the target NCs; by drawing on these components, the speaker can subjectively add those meanings to modify the meaning of the referring noun or verb. Furthermore, the study revealed that the choice of NCs can be influenced by two factors. First, the choice of NC sometimes relates to the linguistic context in which the referring noun or verb occurs. For example, if a noun is used metaphorically, the NC is chosen to reinforce that metaphor, rather than to match with the actual referent. Second, the meaning of an NC itself can be used as a vehicle of metaphor to contribute meaning to that of the referring noun or verb concerned. Through the analysis, is has been identified that the range of referents of a single NC beyond cases in which objectively observable characteristics are evident occurs in two dimensions: (1) in terms of the typicality of referents and (2) across categories of referents (entities and events). Based on the findings, the study claims that, in both cases, non-literal factors account for extension in the range of referents of an NC in Japanese. Specifically, the non-literal devices of metaphor and metonymy appear to play a role in connecting an NC and its referent in the context in which extension of the use of that NC occurs.
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Teranishi, Takahiro. "Concept formation through iconicity: basic shapes and their metaphorical extensions in English and Japanese." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/598.

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Abstract One of the ways for a speaker to make sense of an object or event in the real world is to make use of iconicity between two things. Through iconic metaphorical extensions, the speaker connects the object or event to something else. In this study, I consider how speakers form concepts through iconic metaphorical extensions, examining how they metaphorically extend one concept to another. I suggest that all speakers use the same ways of forming metaphorical extensions and control metaphorical extensions according to their intentions and contexts. Using basic and simple shapes (e.g. 0) and their related metaphorical expressions (e.g. `a circular argument'), I discuss the role of iconicity in metaphorical understanding, the relationship between concept and language, and metaphorical extensions as tools of concept formation. I conduct descriptive investigations using dictionaries and compare related senses for particular basic shapes between English and Japanese, looking at their polysemous networks and historical changes. Using questionnaires, interviews and tasks with native speakers of English and Japanese, I conduct experimental investigations to examine the speakers' associations in relation to basic shapes and the degree of iconicity in metaphorical extensions. This study suggests that concepts, although probably stored in the mental space, are recreated every time they occur. Concept formation through iconic metaphorical extensions must be dynamic because it is based on 'extensions' of existing concepts, and must be universal to all speakers because metaphorical extensions are among the most basic mental activities of human beings. I propose dynamic and universal models which represent the way in which a speaker forms concepts, connecting a linguistic form and a mental picture and controlling iconic metaphorical extensions. These models contribute to understanding both similarities and differences in use of metaphorical extensions between English and Japanese.
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Teranishi, Takahiro. "Concept formation through iconicity basic shapes and their related metaphorical extensions in English and Japanese /." University of Sydney. Linguistics, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/598.

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Abstract One of the ways for a speaker to make sense of an object or event in the real world is to make use of iconicity between two things. Through iconic metaphorical extensions, the speaker connects the object or event to something else. In this study, I consider how speakers form concepts through iconic metaphorical extensions, examining how they metaphorically extend one concept to another. I suggest that all speakers use the same ways of forming metaphorical extensions and control metaphorical extensions according to their intentions and contexts. Using basic and simple shapes (e.g. 0) and their related metaphorical expressions (e.g. `a circular argument'), I discuss the role of iconicity in metaphorical understanding, the relationship between concept and language, and metaphorical extensions as tools of concept formation. I conduct descriptive investigations using dictionaries and compare related senses for particular basic shapes between English and Japanese, looking at their polysemous networks and historical changes. Using questionnaires, interviews and tasks with native speakers of English and Japanese, I conduct experimental investigations to examine the speakers' associations in relation to basic shapes and the degree of iconicity in metaphorical extensions. This study suggests that concepts, although probably stored in the mental space, are recreated every time they occur. Concept formation through iconic metaphorical extensions must be dynamic because it is based on 'extensions' of existing concepts, and must be universal to all speakers because metaphorical extensions are among the most basic mental activities of human beings. I propose dynamic and universal models which represent the way in which a speaker forms concepts, connecting a linguistic form and a mental picture and controlling iconic metaphorical extensions. These models contribute to understanding both similarities and differences in use of metaphorical extensions between English and Japanese.
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Bergmann, Dennis L. "Metaphoric extension as a basis for vocabulary teaching in English as a second language." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4209.

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This thesis addresses the problem of teaching and learning vocabulary in English as a Second Language (ESL), and proposes that a vocabulary based on the process of metaphoric extension could be taught directly. Despite the fact that an inadequate vocabulary is one of the main obstacles for intermediate-level ESL students, both ESL teachers and applied linguists have emphasized other aspects of English more than the study of vocabulary teaching and learning. Consequently, ESL students have few strategies for learning vocabulary other than reliance on the dictionary, and the predominant strategy for teachers is to present words rather unsystematically in the reading curriculum. In an effort to overcome this inadequacy, current vocabulary research is identifying central patterns of word usage, including lexical phrases and other 'chunks', core words, and semantic fields. One central pattern of usage that has not yet been researched is metaphoric extension. Since the so-called 'dead' metaphors produced by that process are lexical items expressing either literal or conventional meaning, they are also candidates for direct teaching.
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Norlin, Susanne. "Functional shift and semantic change in Lord of the Rings Online." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-21654.

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The purpose of this essay is to identify functional shifts and semantic changes in the Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game Lord of the Rings Online. The focus is on new uses of established terms in Standard English and the intent is to see how the word formation processes work in an online gaming environment, and identify the possible reasons behind them. Due to the lack of previous studies of language in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games, the aim is to provide some insight into some of the language developments that occur in such an environment. A quantitative method has been utilised in order to distinguish patterns, and the material, in the form of chat logs, has been gathered from Lord of the Rings Online. The chat logs have then been used to create a corpus, and, from this point, a qualitative method has been employed. The corpus has been thoroughly analysed for the words which have undergone functional shifts and/or semantic changes, and a selection of these words are presented and discussed based on word formation process. The findings in this study seem to confirm that language changes in a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game follow the same patterns as in other environments.
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Meng-Mei, Lin, and 林孟美. "nimal and Plant Terms & Their Metaphorical Extensions in Chinese Lexicon: An Empirical Study." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75369573221753727850.

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碩士
國立清華大學
語言學研究所
94
The studies about animal and plant metaphors are a few. Most of them are the work on the compilation of dictionaries about animal names used in metaphors or the comparison of most common figurative meanings between languages. Such discrepancy, however, may exist within a single language. Our study aims to exam the underlying rules governing their formation by means of surveying the conventionalized anima/plant idioms and metaphors in Mandarin Chinese. The corpus is based on the questionnaire, the collection from the online Mandarin Chinese Dictionary of Ministry of Education, R.O.C., and other related work like proverb or insulting terms. We found that even within a single language, the differences or similarities (e.g. degree of conventionality, common values) among animal and plant metaphors could be arisen as a result of interaction among the salient traits of animals and plants defining their levels, human-animal/plant relationship (e.g. relevance, familiarity, functions, significance), personal backgrounds (e.g. age, gender) and the existence of idioms. These similarities and difference reflect our relationship, concept, attitude, and judgment to the society and Nature.
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Chun-ting, Yang, and 楊純婷. "Synaesthetic Words in Mandarin: Perceptual Metaphor and Metaphorical Extension." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60695042268586300371.

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Yu-LingChang and 張育玲. "The Cognitive Mechanism of Yin銀 ＆ Its Metaphorical Extension in Mandarin Chinese." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61989400052681921588.

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碩士
國立成功大學
外國語文學系碩博士班
98
As many scholars have stated metaphors are not only a piece of literary work but also represent the experiences and cognitions in a human’s mind (Lakoff, 1992; Gibbs ＆ O’Brien, 1990; Goatly, 2000; Gibbs, 2002; K?vecses, 2002). To connect with the recent hottest topic in the world, this thesis studies the metaphorical expressions in daily life, especially focusing on the Chinese word yin2 銀 ‘silver’. We will further compare and contrast our results with Huang’s (2009) study of jin1 金 ‘gold’. The study uses Lakoff and Turner’s (1989) Great Chain Metaphor and Fauconnier ＆ Turner’s (1998) Conceptual Integration Network as the theoretical frameworks to answer the following research questions: (1) How is yin2銀categorized in fixed expressions? (2) How is yin2 銀categorized in metaphor clusters? (3) Are the categorizations of yin2 銀 in fixed expressions and metaphor clusters similar to each other or mutually exclusive? (4) What are the similarities and differences between yin2 銀and jin1 金 on cognitive viewpoint? Through dictionary sources, Web edition of Ministry of Education Chinese dictionary, Great Dictionary, and the database source, Newspapers in Taiwan, yin2 銀 metaphorical expressions within the current decade are used to conduct the research. The results demonstrate that (a) there are five basic categories of yin2 銀 fixed expressions as YIN IS A PERSON, YIN IS AN ANIMAL, YIN IS A PLANT, YIN IS AN OBJECT and YIN IS NATURAL THING. (b) There are also five basic categories in yin2 銀 metaphor clusters. They are YIN IS A FARMER, YIN IS A BIRD, YIN IS A FLOWER and TREE, YIN IS A BULLET and YIN IS A STAR. (c) The categorizations of yin2銀fixed expressions and metaphor clusters are similar to each other. Via frequency test, the five categories of yin2 銀 fit within the model of the Great Chain Metaphor which entails that living beings, things and literary works in this world follow certain rules. (d) The results show that yin2 銀 and jin1 金 are similar to each other on their solid concept, such as YIN IS A OBJECT and JIN IS MEDICINE. On the other hand, both terms are different from each other on their abstract concept as YIN REPRESENTS NUMBER TWO but JIN REPRESENTS NUMBER ONE. These metaphorical similarities and differences between yin2 銀 ‘silver’ and jin1 金 ‘gold’ reflect our relationship, cognition and judgment with the world.
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Books on the topic "Metaphorical extensions"

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Pelyvás, Péter. Metaphorical extension in may. 1994.

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Maguire, Laurie. The Rhetoric of the Page. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862109.001.0001.

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This book explores blank space in early modern printed books; it addresses physical blank space (from missing words to vacant pages) as well as the concept of the blank. It is a book about typographical marks, readerly response, and editorial treatment. It is a story of the journey from incunabula to Google books, told through the signifiers of blank space: empty brackets, dashes, the et cetera, the asterisk. It is about the semiotics of print and about the social anthropology of reading. The book explores blank space as an extension of Elizabethan rhetoric with readers learning to interpret the mise-en-page as part of a text’s persuasive tactics. It looks at blanks as creators of both anxiety and of opportunity, showing how readers respond to what is not there and how writers come to anticipate that response. Each chapter focuses on one typographical form of what is not there on the page: physical gaps (Chapter 1), the &c (Chapter 2) and the asterisk (Chapter 3). The Epilogue uncovers the rich metaphoric life of these textual phenomena and the ways in which Elizabethan printers experimented with typographical features as they considered how to turn plays into print.
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Book chapters on the topic "Metaphorical extensions"

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Atintono, Samuel Awinkene. "The semantics and metaphorical extensions of temperature terms in Gurenɛ." In Typological Studies in Language, 73–106. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.107.03ati.

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Jaggar, Philip J., and Malami Buba. "Metaphorical extensions of 'eat' --> [OVERCOME] and 'drink' --> [UNDERGO] in Hausa." In Typological Studies in Language, 229–51. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.84.11jag.

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Vernillo, Paola. "Grounding Abstract Concepts in Action." In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 167–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69823-2_8.

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AbstractSensory-motor information is linguistically encoded by action verbs. Such verbs are not only used to express action concepts and events, but they are also pervasively exploited in the linguistic representation of abstract concepts and figurative meanings. In the light of several theoretical approaches (i.e., Embodied Theories, Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Image Schema Theory), this paper analyzes the mechanisms that enable action verbs to acquire abstract meanings and that motivate the symmetries (or asymmetries) in the semantic variations of locally equivalent verbs (e.g., premere and spingere; Eng., to press and to push). The research is carried out within the IMAGACT framework and focuses on a set of four Italian action verbs encoding force (i.e., premere, spingere, tirare, and trascinare; Eng., to press, to push, to pull, and to drag). The results confirm that metaphorical extensions of action verbs are constrained by the image schemas involved in the core meaning of the verbs. Additionally, the paper shows that these image schemas are responsible for the asymmetries in the metaphorical variation of action verbs pertaining to the same semantic class (i.e., force).
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Kalisz, Roman. "A cognitive approach to spatial terms represented by ‘in front of’ and ‘behind’ in English and their metaphorical extensions." In Meaning and Lexicography, 167. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/llsee.28.17kal.

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Littlemore, Jeannette. "10. The relationship between associative thinking, analogical reasoning, image formation and metaphoric extension strategies." In Confronting Metaphor in Use, 199–222. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.173.14lit.

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"Go to V: Literal meaning and metaphorical extensions." In Corpora: Pragmatics and Discourse, 343–59. Brill | Rodopi, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789042029101_018.

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Dixon, R. M. W. "Position." In English Prepositions, 296–340. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868682.003.0011.

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This chapter discusses the prepositions that relate to position, which fall into four sets: vertical position, horizontal position, distance, and passage. It outlines prepositions in the vertical position that includes over, under, above, below, beneath, and underneath, while the horizontal position includes behind, ahead (-of), in-front(-of), back, forth, forward(s), and backward(s). Distance covers beyond, near(-to), close-to, and far-from and passage covers along, alongside, across, through, and throughout. The chapter demonstrates how the pairs of prepositions over/under and above/below that can be substituted one for the other in some circumstances. Both over and under have considerable metaphorical extensions from their basic spatial senses, noting that over features in some prepositional verbs and a couple of score phrasal verbs, whereas under is in a handful of phrasal verbs.
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"Metaphorical extension of may and must into the epistemic domain." In Metaphor and Metonymy at the Crossroads, 233–50. De Gruyter Mouton, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110894677.233.

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"Metaphoric Meaning Extensions and Expressions of ‘Eye(s)’ in Bena Bena." In Embodiment in Cross-Linguistic Studies The ‘Eye’, 331–53. BRILL, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004498594_017.

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Tollefsen, Christopher. "The Dignity of Marriage." In Understanding Human Dignity. British Academy, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197265642.003.0028.

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Contemporary Catholic magisterial documents frequently use of the word ‘dignity’ to describe the institution of marriage. In this chapter, I argue that the language of dignity is meant and should be taken here quite seriously; ‘dignity’ is predicated of marriage by analogy with its predication of persons, but not merely by a metaphorical extension. We are meant to understand some quite specific points about marriage by the language of dignity, as to its nature, its origins, its end, and its role in ethical and political life.
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Conference papers on the topic "Metaphorical extensions"

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Hurtienne, Jörn, and Johann Habakuk Israel. "Image schemas and their metaphorical extensions." In the 1st international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1226969.1226996.

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Ellison, T. Mark, and Uta Reinohl. "Metaphorical Extension and the Evolution of Configurationality." In The Evolution of Language. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Evolution of Language (Evolang12). Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/3991-1.022.

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Ouyang, Xiaofang. "An Exploration on the Modes of Word Meaning Extension Based on Metaphorical and Metonymic Mechanisms." In 2011 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp.2011.20.

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Reports on the topic "Metaphorical extensions"

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Bergmann, Dennis. Metaphoric extension as a basis for vocabulary teaching in English as a second language. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6091.

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