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Journal articles on the topic 'Metamorphism (Geology) New South Wales'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Ward, Colin R., Peter R. Warbrooke, and F. Ivor Roberts. "Geochemical and mineralogical changes in a coal seam due to contact metamorphism, Sydney Basin, New South Wales, Australia." International Journal of Coal Geology 11, no. 2 (March 1989): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(89)90001-3.

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2

Hendrickx, Marc. "Fibrous Tremolite in Central New South Wales, Australia." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 26, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2273.

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ABSTRACT Tremolite schists in Ordovician meta-volcanic units in central New South Wales (NSW) consist of fine fibrous tremolite-actinolite. They host tremolite asbestos occurrences, and small quantities of asbestos were mined from narrow vein deposits in central NSW during the last century. When pulverized, the tremolite schist releases mineral fragments that fall into the classification range for countable mineral fibers and may be classed as asbestos despite not having an asbestiform habit. The ambiguity in classification of this type of natural material raises significant health and safety, legal, and environmental issues that require clarification. While the health effects of amphibole asbestos fibers are well known, the consequences of exposure to non-asbestiform, fibrous varieties is not well studied. This group of elongated mineral particles deserves more attention due to their widespread occurrence in metamorphic rocks in Australia. Toxicological studies are needed to assess the health risks associated with disturbance of these minerals during mining, civil construction, forestry, and farming practices.

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3

Pacey, Adam, Jamie J. Wilkinson, and David R. Cooke. "Chlorite and Epidote Mineral Chemistry in Porphyry Ore Systems: A Case Study of the Northparkes District, New South Wales, Australia." Economic Geology 115, no. 4 (June 1, 2020): 701–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4700.

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Abstract Propylitic alteration, characterized by the occurrence of chlorite and epidote, is typically the most extensive and peripheral alteration facies developed around porphyry ore deposits. However, exploration within this alteration domain is particularly challenging, commonly owing to weak or nonexistent whole-rock geochemical gradients and the fact that similar assemblages can be developed in other geologic settings, particularly during low-grade metamorphism. We document and interpret systematic spatial trends in the chemistry of chlorite and epidote from propylitic alteration around the E48 and E26 porphyry Cu-Au deposits of the Northparkes district, New South Wales, Australia. These trends vary as a function of both distance from hydrothermal centers and alteration paragenesis. The spatial trends identified in porphyry-related chlorite and epidote at Northparkes include (1) a deposit-proximal increase in Ti, As, Sb, and V in epidote and Ti in chlorite, (2) a deposit-distal increase in Co and Li in chlorite and Ba in epidote, and (3) a pronounced halo around deposits in which Mn and Zn in chlorite, as well as Mn, Zn, Pb, and Mg in epidote, are elevated. Chlorite Al/Si ratios and epidote Al/Fe ratios may show behavior similar to that of Mn-Zn or may simply decrease outward, and V and Ni concentrations in chlorite are lowest in the peak Mn-Zn zone. In comparison to porphyry-related samples, chlorite from the regional metamorphic assemblage in the district contains far higher concentrations of Li, Ca, Ba, Pb, and Cu but much less Ti. Similarly, metamorphic epidote contains higher concentrations of Sr, Pb, As, and Sb but less Bi and Ti. These chlorite and epidote compositional trends are the net result of fluid-mineral partitioning under variable physicochemical conditions within a porphyry magmatic-hydrothermal system. They are most easily explained by the contribution of spent magmatic-derived ore fluid(s) into the propylitic domain. It is envisaged that such fluids experience progressive cooling and reduction in fs2 during outward infiltration into surrounding country rocks, with their pH controlled by the extent of rock-buffering experienced along the fluid pathway.

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4

Roper, H. "Superposed structures in the Mona Complex at Rhoscolyi Ynys Gybi, North Wales." Geological Magazine 129, no. 4 (July 1992): 475–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800019567.

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AbstractThe Bedded Series of the Mona Complex at Rhoscolyn comprises two groups of clastic metasediments: the Holy Island Group, consistingof quartzites, impure psammites and pelites, with well-preserved bedding, is overlain conformably by the New Harbour Group, which is for the most parthomogeneously semi-pelitic without surviving bedding. Both groups have undergone the same two major tectono-metamorphic episodes, but with differing response. In the Holy Island Group the first episode (Dx) produced nearly upright and upward-facing folds (Fx) with an axial planar foliation (Sx), which varies from an anastomosing or rough-spaced cleavage in quartzites to a penetrative phyllitic schistosity in pelites. In the New Harbour Group Dx has generally obliterated original bedding surfaces, replacing them with a composite foliation (Sx) of fine compositional banding and a penetrative schistosity, together with a stretching lineation (Lx), the latter being at a high angle to the Fx axial direction. The Dx structures are attributed to a major episode of compressional tectonics.The structures attributed to the second deformation (Dy) includestrata-bound sets of quartz-filled tension fractures (attributed by most previous authors to an earlier episode), abundant NNW-verging asymmetric folds (Fy) of Sx, and a sporadically developed set of shear fractures which constitute a crenulation cleavage (Sy) axial planar to the folds. It is suggested that all these structures were produced by a single agency. One interpretation is that the observed shear fractures and folded tension fractures correspond fairly closely to and provide a natural analogy of those obtained in the classical simple shear experimentsof Riedel. In this case all the Dy structures can be accounted for by the action of a large-scale simple shear couple (Cy), whose vergence and shallow dip were both towards the NNW. Such a mechanism may imply a gravity-dominated regime of net horizontal extension in a NNW-SSE direction, with extension being less constrained to the north than to the south. J. W. Cosgrove has suggested an alternative interpretation, that all the Dy structures can be explained as reverse kink bands; the simple shear interpretation is here preferred because the angle between Sy and the estimated direction of Pmax during Dy was < 45°; the kink band model would require an angle > 45°.The fact that cleavage vergence boundaries for both Sx and Sy occur close to the hinge zone of the Rhoscolyn Antiform is consistent with either Dx or Dy age for the initiation of this fold. However, when fold limb length (or limb rotation) vergence is considered, the presence of an Fx0 vergence boundary but absence of an Fxy vergence boundary (and by implication of an Fy0 boundary) is consistent with a Dx age but difficult to reconcile with a Dy age.

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5

Kinny, P. D., E. C. Leitch, and T. G. Vallance. "Thermal metamorphism near Willi Willi, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, no. 4 (December 1985): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120098508729336.

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6

Bevins, R. E., S. C. White, and D. Robinson. "The South Wales Coalfield: low grade metamorphism in a foreland basin setting?" Geological Magazine 133, no. 06 (November 1996): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800024584.

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7

Bryant, E. A., and R. W. Young. "Bedrock-Sculpturing by Tsunami, South Coast New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Geology 104, no. 5 (September 1996): 565–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/629852.

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8

Carr, Paul, Malcolm Southwood, and Jeff Chen. "Fluorapatite from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Rocks & Minerals 97, no. 1 (December 20, 2021): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2022.1989948.

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9

Och, D. J., E. C. Leitch, G. Caprarelli, and T. Watanabe. "Blueschist and eclogite in tectonic melange, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 67, no. 4 (August 2003): 609–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461036740121.

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Abstract The Rocky Beach Metamorphic Melange contains metre-scale phacoids of high-P low-T metamorphic rocks embedded in chlorite-actinolite schist. The phacoids include eclogite, glaucophane schist and omphacitite and provide evidence for four episodes of metamorphism with mineral assemblages: M1 = actinolite-glaucophane-titanite-apaite, M2 = almandine-omphacite-lawsonite ±quartz, M3 = phengite- glaucophane-K-feldspar-quartz, and M4 = chlorite-actinolite-calcite-quartz-titanite-white mica ± albite ± talc. M1-M3 occurred at a Neoproterozoic-Early Palaeozoic convergent plate boundary close to the eastern margin of Gondwana. Peak metamorphic conditions were attained during the static phase M2, with temperatures of ~560°C and pressures in excess of 1.8 GPa, equivalent to a depth of burial of at least 54 km.

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10

McIntyre, J. I. "Northwestern New South Wales regional magnetics and gravity." Exploration Geophysics 22, no. 2 (June 1991): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg991261.

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11

Greenhalgh, S. A., and D. W. Emerson. "Elastic Properties of Coal Measure Rocks New South Wales." Exploration Geophysics 17, no. 3 (September 1986): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg986157.

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12

Birch, William D. "Broken Hill New South Wales, Australia: Its Contribution to Mineralogy." Rocks & Minerals 82, no. 1 (January 2007): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/rmin.82.1.40-49.

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13

Smith, John V. "Textures recording transient porosity in synkinematic quartz veins, South Coast, New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Structural Geology 27, no. 2 (February 2005): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2004.09.003.

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14

Chenhall, Bryan E., Brian G. Jones, and Paul F. Carr. "Contact metamorphism of pelitic, psammitic and calcareous sediments in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 35, no. 3 (September 1988): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120098808729456.

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15

MARTHA, SILVIU O., GERNOLD ZULAUF, WOLFGANG DÖRR, JANNES J. BINCK, PATRICK M. NOWARA, and PARASKEVAS XYPOLIAS. "The tectonometamorphic evolution of the Uppermost Unit south of the Dikti Mountains, Crete." Geological Magazine 156, no. 06 (May 10, 2018): 1003–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756818000328.

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AbstractWe present a new geological map and new structural, petrographical and geochronological data from the Uppermost Unit of the Cretan nappe pile exposed south of the Dikti Mountains in eastern Crete (Greece). Based on these data, the Uppermost Unit in the study area can be subdivided (from bottom to top) into the Arvi Unit, Theodorii Greenschist and Asterousia Crystalline Complex (ACC)-type rocks. The ACC-type rocks have been affected by polyphase deformation (D1–D3) and metamorphism. Relics of the D1phase are preserved as internal foliation in garnet porphyroblasts. D2top-to-the SE shearing under upper amphibolite facies conditions led to the dominant foliation. After post-D2exhumation, parts of the ACC-type rocks were affected by contact metamorphism of a non-exposed pluton, which intruded at a depth below 10 km during Campanian time (74±2Ma; laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on zircon). This age, obtained from zircon of chiastolite hornfels, is in line with intrusion ages of ACC-type (meta)granitoids exposed on Crete and on Anafi. The S2-foliation of the ACC-type rocks was reactivated during the late phase of contact metamorphism by D3top-to-the SE shearing. Latest Cretaceous cross-mica with low silicon content post-dates this shearing event. During middle Paleocene time, the ACC was thrust on top of the Theodorii Greenschist. This thrusting event as well as subsequent brittle thrusting of the greenschists and the ACC-type rocks on top of the prehnite-pumpellyite facies metamorphic Arvi Unit was still accommodated by top-to-the SE kinematics, which is the dominant kinematics of the Uppermost Unit on Crete and on Anafi.

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16

Spencer, Ross, and Robert J. Musgrave. "Isostatic and Decompensative Correction of Gravity Data From New South Wales." Exploration Geophysics 37, no. 3 (September 2006): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg06210.

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17

Thomas, Barry A., and Christopher J. Cleal. "A new early Westphalian D flora from Aberdulais Falls, South Wales." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 112, no. 4 (January 2001): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(01)80016-x.

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18

PAGE, ALEX, PHILIP R. WILBY, MARK WILLIAMS, JEAN VANNIER, JEREMY R. DAVIES, RICHARD A. WATERS, and JAN A. ZALASIEWICZ. "Soft-part preservation in a bivalved arthropod from the Late Ordovician of Wales." Geological Magazine 147, no. 2 (November 3, 2009): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756809990045.

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AbstractA new component of the Early Palaeozoic arthropod fauna is described from a monospecific accumulate of carapaces in a Late Ordovician (Katian) hemipelagic mudstone from the Cardigan district of southwest Wales (UK). Its non-biomineralized carapace is preserved as a carbonaceous residue, as is more labile anatomy (soft-parts) including the inner lamella and sub-ovate structures near its antero-dorsal margin, which we interpret to be putative eyes. The depositional context and associated fauna indicate that the arthropods inhabited an area of deep water and high primary productivity above a pronounced submarine topography. The preserved density of carapaces suggests the arthropods may have congregated into shoals or been transported post-mortem into depressions which acted as detritus traps. The accumulate provides a rare example of soft-part preservation in hemipelagic mudstones and highlights the role of organic material as a locus for authigenic mineralization during metamorphism.

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19

Rickards, R. B., and A. J. Wright. "Graptolites of the Barnby Hills Shale (Silurian, Ludlow), New South Wales, Australia." Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 51, no. 3 (May 1997): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs.51.3.209.

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20

Howells, Cindy, and Thomas Kammer. "A new crinoid from the Mississippian (Early Carboniferous) of South Pembrokeshire, Wales." Geological Journal 49, no. 2 (May 21, 2013): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.2514.

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21

Rickards, Barrie, Lawrence Sherwin, and Penelope Williamson. "Gisbornian (Caradoc) graptolites from New South Wales, Australia: systematics, biostratigraphy and evolution." Geological Journal 36, no. 1 (January 2001): 59–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.876.

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22

Graham, Lan T., and Ross E. Pogson. "The Albert Chapman Mineral Collection: Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia." Rocks & Minerals 82, no. 1 (January 2007): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/rmin.82.1.29-39.

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23

Le Gleuher, M. "Olivine wathering in basalts near Cooma, New-South-Wales, Australia." Chemical Geology 84, no. 1-4 (July 1990): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(90)90174-6.

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24

MAPEO, R. B. M., R. A. ARMSTRONG, and A. B. KAMPUNZU. "SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology of gneisses from the Gweta borehole, northeast Botswana: implications for the Palaeoproterozoic Magondi Belt in southern Africa." Geological Magazine 138, no. 3 (May 2001): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680100526x.

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This paper presents new U–Pb zircon analyses from garnet–sillimanite paragneisses from the Gweta borehole in northeast Botswana. Concordant to near-concordant analyses of zircon from these rocks reveal a billion year history from 3015 ± 21 Ma for the oldest detrital grain measured, to the age of high-grade metamorphism, 2027 ± 8 Ma. The maximum age of sedimentation in the Magondi belt is constrained by the age of the youngest concordant detrital zircon at 2125 ± 6 Ma. This contrasts with the age of sedimentation in the Central Zone of the Limpopo belt which is Archaean. The comparison of our results with U–Pb zircon data from the Magondi belt in Zimbabwe suggests that the granulite-facies metamorphism in this belt extended between c. 2027–1960 Ma. Granulite-facies rocks with U–Pb zircon ages in this interval are also known in the Ubendian belt and lend support to the correlation of these two segments of Palaeoproterozoic belts in southern and central–eastern Africa. The granulite facies metamorphism in the Magondi belt is coeval with the high-grade metamorphism and granitoids documented further south in the Central Zone of the Limpopo Belt.

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25

Bowyer, J. K. "Basin changes in Jervis Bay, New South Wales: 1894–1988." Marine Geology 105, no. 1-4 (March 1992): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(92)90189-o.

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26

Leslie, Christopher, Leonie Jones, Éva Papp, Kevin Wake-Dyster, Tara J. Deen, and Karsten Gohl. "High-resolution seismic imagery of palaeochannels near West Wyalong, New South Wales." Exploration Geophysics 31, no. 1-2 (March 2000): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg00383.

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27

Parr, Joanna M., Brian P. J. Stevens, Graham R. Carr, and Rodney W. Page. "Subseafloor origin for Broken Hill Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization, New South Wales, Australia." Geology 32, no. 7 (2004): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g20358.1.

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28

Fortey, Richard A. "A new deep-water Upper Ordovician (Caradocian) trilobite fauna from south-west Wales." Geological Journal 41, no. 2 (2006): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.1042.

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29

Rheinberger, Mark, and Ernst Holland. "Australian Fossil & Mineral Museum: Home of the Somerville CollectionBathurst, New South Wales." Rocks & Minerals 83, no. 6 (November 2008): 528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/rmin.83.6.528-533.

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30

Sherwin, L., and B. Rickards. "Rogercooperia, a new genus of Ordovician glossograptid graptolite from southern Scotland and New South Wales, Australia." Scottish Journal of Geology 36, no. 2 (November 2000): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sjg36020159.

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31

Lihter, Iva, Kyle P. Larson, Sudip Shrestha, John M. Cottle, and Alex D. Brubacher. "Contact metamorphism of the Tethyan Sedimentary Sequence, Upper Mustang region, west-central Nepal." Geological Magazine 157, no. 11 (April 24, 2020): 1917–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756820000229.

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AbstractThe Upper Mustang region of west-central Nepal contains exposures of metamorphosed Tethyan Sedimentary Sequence rocks that have been interpreted to reflect either contact metamorphism related to the nearby Mugu pluton or regional metamorphism associated with the North Himalayan domes. New monazite geochronology results show that the Mugu leucogranite crystallized at c. 21.3 Ma, while the dominant monazite age peaks from the surrounding garnet ± staurolite ± sillimanite schists range between c. 21.7 and 19.4 Ma, generally decreasing in age away from the pluton. Metamorphic temperature estimates based on Ti-in-biotite and garnet–biotite thermometry are highest in the specimens closest to the pluton (648 ± 24°C and 615 ± 25°C, respectively) and lowest in those furthest away (578 ± 24°C and 563 ± 25°C, respectively), while pressure estimates are all within uncertainty of one another, averaging 5.0 ± 0.5 kbar. These results are interpreted to be consistent with contact metamorphism of the rocks in proximity to the Mugu pluton, which was emplaced at c. 18 ± 2 km depth after local movement across the South Tibetan detachment system had ceased. While this new dataset helps to characterize the metamorphic rocks of the Tethyan Sedimentary Sequence and provides new constraints on the thickness of the upper crust, it also emphasizes the importance of careful integration of metamorphic conditions and inferred processes that may affect interpretation of currently proposed Himalayan models.

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32

Gray, Nigel, Alex Mandyczewsky, and Richard Hine. "Geology of the zoned gold skarn system at Junction Reefs, New South Wales." Economic Geology 90, no. 6 (October 1, 1995): 1533–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.90.6.1533.

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33

Morand, Vincent J. "High chromium and vanadium in andalusite, phengite and retrogressive margarite in contact metamorphosed Ba-rich black slate from the Abercrombie Beds, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 54, no. 376 (September 1990): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1990.054.376.03.

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AbstractGraphitic, quartz-rich black slate within the Late Ordovician Abercrombie Beds, Lachlan Fold Belt, southeast Australia, has undergone contact metamorphism adjacent to the Siluro-Devonian Wyangala Batholith. This produced porphyroblasts of andalusite and cordierite, and smaller grains of pale green phengitic mica. Later regional metamorphism caused complete retrogression of cordierite and partial retrogression of andalusite, with margarite replacing some andalusite.The aluminous minerals andalusite, margarite and phengite all contain V and Cr substituting for Al. Andalusite has up to 1.39% V2O3 and 1.09% Cr2O3, margarite has up to 1.07% V2O3 and 0.37% Cr2O3, and phengitic mica has up to 6.93% V2O3 and 1.52% Cr2O3. This mica also has BaO contents of up to 1.96%.Chemical analyses reveal very high SiO2 contents for these rocks (about 89%), carbon contents of about 2%, and extremely low CaO, FeO, MgO and Na2O. Although V and Cr are prominent in aluminous minerals, their concentrations in the rock are only about average for black shales. However, Ba values range from 2000 to 6000 p.p.m., well above average for black shales. It is suggested that V and Cr probably precipitated from sea water, but Ba may have been concentrated by planktonic organisms such as radiolaria.

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34

Kanouo, Nguo Sylvestre, David Richard Lentz, Khin Zaw, Charles Makoundi, Emmanuel Afanga Archelaus Basua, Rose Fouateu Yongué, and Emmanuel Njonfang. "New Insights into Pre-to-Post Ediacaran Zircon Fingerprinting of the Mamfe PanAfrican Basement, SW Cameroon: A Possible Link with Rocks in SE Nigeria and the Borborema Province of NE Brazil." Minerals 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11090943.

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The pre- to post-Late Neoproterozoic geological histories in the south to southwestern part of Mamfe Basin (SW Cameroon) were reported following analysis of the zircon crystals from their host rocks. A genetic model was developed for the zircon host rocks’ formation conditions, and the registered post-emplacement events were presented. The obtained ages were correlated with the data available for rocks in the Cameroon Mobile Belt, SE Nigeria, and the Borborema Province of NE Brazil. Separated zircons from Araru black to whitish gneiss, Araru whitish-grey gneiss, and Mboifong migmatite were analyzed for their morphology and texture U-Th-Pb composition, and U-Pb ages. Published U-Pb zircon ages for Otu granitic pegmatite, Babi mica schist, and Nkogho I-type anatectic granite were updated. Zircon ages in Araru black to whitish gneiss; Araru whitish-grey, Mboifong migmatite, Babi mica schist, Nkogho I-type anatectic granite, and Otu granitic pegmatite date the Eburnean tectono-magmatic/metamorphic event in Cameroon and SE Nigeria. The Late Paleoproterozoic to Early Mesoproterozoic ages record extensional (continental rift) settings and anorogenic magmatism in the Borborema Province in the NE of Brazil. These ages date collisional phases between the São Francisco–Congo and West African cratons and the Saharan metacraton with metamorphism and magmatism in Cameroon. They also date the Kibarian tectono-magmatic/metamorphism and PanAfrican tectono-magmatic/metamorphism in SE Nigeria. The Late Paleoproterozoic to Early Mesoproterozoic ages date the Cariris Velhos orogeny in the Borborema Province in NE Brazil, with Early Tonian crustal rifting, magmatism, and metamorphism and the collisional phase of the Brasiliano orogeny with syn-collisional plutons and extensive shear zoning and post-collisional granite intrusions.

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35

Young, Robert, and Ian McDougall. "Long-Term Landscape Evolution: Early Miocene and Modern Rivers in Southern New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Geology 101, no. 1 (January 1993): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/648195.

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36

Mayer, W. "The quest for limestone in colonial New South Wales, 1788–1825." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 287, no. 1 (2007): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp287.25.

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37

Nimbs, Matt J., and Stephen D. A. Smith. "An illustrated inventory of the sea slugs of New South Wales, Australia (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia)." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 128, no. 2 (2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs16011.

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Although the Indo-Pacific is the global centre of diversity for the heterobranch sea slugs, their distribution remains, in many places, largely unknown. On the Australian east coast, their diversity decreases from approximately 1000 species in the northern Great Barrier Reef to fewer than 400 in Bass Strait. While occurrence records for some of the more populated sections of the coast are well known, data are patchy for more remote areas. Many species have very short lifecycles, so they can respond rapidly to changes in environmental conditions. The New South Wales coast is a recognised climate change hot-spot and southward shifts in distribution have already been documented for several species. However, thorough documentation of present distributions is an essential prerequisite for identifying further range extensions. While distribution data are available in the public realm, much is also held privately as photographic collections, diaries and logs. This paper consolidates the current occurrence data from both private and public sources as part of a broader study of sea slug distribution in south-eastern Australia and provides an inventory by region. A total of 382 species, 155 genera and 54 families is reported from the mainland coast of New South Wales.

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38

Webster, S. S., and K. Tenison Woods. "Field Trials of Non-Seismic Geophysical Techniques for Petroleum Exploration in New South Wales." Exploration Geophysics 19, no. 1-2 (March 1988): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg988193.

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39

Robson, D. F., and R. Spencer. "The New South Wales Government’S Discovery 2000 – Geophysical Surveys and Their Effect on Exploration." Exploration Geophysics 28, no. 1-2 (March 1997): 296–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg997296.

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40

Degeling, P. R., L. B. Gilligan, E. Scheibner, and D. W. Suppel. "Metallogeny and tectonic development of the Tasman Fold Belt System in New South Wales." Ore Geology Reviews 1, no. 2-4 (November 1986): 259–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-1368(86)90011-9.

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41

Ishak, A. K., and A. C. Dunlop. "Drainage sampling for uranium in the Torrington district, New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 24, no. 1 (September 1985): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(85)90006-8.

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42

Nutley, David M., Cosmos Coroneos, and James Wheeler. "Potential submerged Aboriginal archaeological sites in South West Arm, Port Hacking, New South Wales, Australia." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 411, no. 1 (September 11, 2014): 265–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp411.3.

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43

STEVENS, B., R. BARNES, R. BROWN, W. STROUD, and I. WILLIS. "The Willyama Supergroup in the Broken Hill and Euriowie Blocks, New South Wales." Precambrian Research 40-41 (October 1988): 297–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(88)90073-3.

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44

Cope, J. C. W., and A. W. A. Rushton. "Cambrian and early Tremadoc rocks of the Llangynog Inlier, Dyfed, South Wales." Geological Magazine 129, no. 5 (September 1992): 543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800021701.

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AbstractUntil recently no Cambrian rocks were known in the Llangynog area. Detailed mapping has now revealed a succession of ?Lower and Upper Cambrian rocks overlain by Tremadoc rocks. The Allt y Shed Sandstones (new) rest unconformably on the Precambrian, but have yielded no diagnostic fossils and are tentatively assigned to the Comley Series. Succeeding with faulted or unconformable contact is an Upper Cambrian Merioneth Series succession which includes in ascending order: conglomerates, sandstones and siltstones with olenid trilobites and resembling the Treffgarne Bridge Beds of the Haverfordwest area; micaceous shales and siltstones referred to the Ffestiniog Flags Formation; and black mudstones with calcareous concretions and a rich olenid fauna referred to the Dolgellau Formation. Succeeding the latter with possible disconformity is a succession belonging to the lower part of the Tremadoc Series and earlier than any rocks of that series hitherto recorded from the area.

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PHILLIPS, EMRYS. "Progressive deformation of the South Stack and New Harbour Groups, Holy Island, western Anglesey, North Wales." Journal of the Geological Society 148, no. 6 (November 1991): 1091–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.148.6.1091.

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46

Chamberlain, C. Page, Peter K. Zeitler, and Alan F. Cooper. "Geochronologic constraints of the uplift and metamorphism along the Alpine Fault, South Island, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 38, no. 4 (September 1995): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1995.9514678.

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47

Yılmaz, Yücel. "Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt revisited (geology and evolution)." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, no. 11 (November 2019): 1163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0170.

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The Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt consists of the Arabian Platform, a zone of imbrication, and a nappe zone. The Arabian Platform is represented by a thick marine succession. The zone of imbrication is a narrow belt sandwiched between the Arabian Platform and the nappes. The nappes are the highest tectonic unit. They consist of two continental slivers separated by ophiolitic associations representing oceanic environments. They were involved in the orogenic development and formed two metamorphic belts. The oceanic environment survived by the end of Middle Eocene. A northward subduction began in this ocean and generated the Elbistan–Yüksekova arc built above the Göksun ophiolite. Development of the Southeastern Anatolian Orogenic Belt began in the north, where the Binboğa–Malatya metamorphic massif, collided with the Elbistan volcanic arc to the end of Early Eocene period. Later new tectonic entities were accreted to this progressively growing and southerly transporting nappe stack. In the lower plate, the southern continental sliver that was attached to the oceanic slab subducted together and underwent high-pressure metamorphism. The subducting oceanic slab retreated. Asthenospheric inflow caused high-temperature metamorphism, which superimposed on the previous high-pressure metamorphism. The oceanic and continental fragments formed the Bitlis Massif and the Berit metaophiolite when exhumed. A younger volcanic arc was built on the ocean floor to the south. Accretion of the volcanic arc to the nappe pile occurred during the Late Eocene period. The orogenic belt was formed when the nappes collided with the Arabian plate during the Late Miocene.

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SOPER, N. J., and N. H. WOODCOCK. "The lost Lower Old Red Sandstone of England and Wales: a record of post-Iapetan flexure or Early Devonian transtension?" Geological Magazine 140, no. 6 (November 2003): 627–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756803008380.

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Illite crystallinity data from the Silurian slate belts of England and Wales indicate anchizone to low epizone metamorphism during the Acadian deformation in late Early Devonian time. This metamorphic grade implies a substantial overburden, now eroded, of Lower Devonian non-marine sediments of the Old Red Sandstone (ORS) magnafacies. A minimum 3.5 km pre-tectonic thickness of ‘lost’ ORS is estimated in the southern Lake District and comparable thicknesses in North Wales and East Anglia. Tectonically driven subsidence of the underlying Avalonian crust is required to accommodate such thicknesses of non-marine sediment. One proposed mechanism is flexure of the Avalonian footwall during convergence that continued from Iapetus closure in the Silurian until Acadian cleavage formation in the Emsian. The evidence for this model in the critical area of northwest England is reviewed and found to be unconvincing. An alternative model is developed following a recent suggestion that the Early Devonian was a period not of continued convergence but of orogen-wide sinistral transtension. Transtensional accommodation of the lost ORS is evidenced by Early Devonian extensional faults, by synchronous lamprophyric magmatism, and by compatibility with previously diagnosed sediment provenance patterns. A summary of Siluro-Devonian tectonostratigraphy for Britain south of the Highland Border emphasizes that, unlike the Scottish Highlands, this area was not affected by the Scandian Orogeny, but was by the Acadian. An important period of sinistral transtension in the Early Devonian (c.420–400 Ma) was common to both regions. This was a time of high heat flow, lamprophyric and more evolved magmatism, and major southward sediment transport, involving mainly recycled metamorphic detritus from the Highlands and from contemporaneous volcanicity. Old Red Sandstone, deposited in coalescing transtensional basins over much of Britain from the Midland Valley to the Welsh Borders, was largely removed and recycled southward during Acadian inversion.

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Munday, Tim J., Nerida S. Reilly, Mark Glover, Kenneth C. Lawrie, Tenille Scott, Colin J. Chartres, and W. R. (Ray) Evans. "Petrophysical characterisation of parna using ground and downhole geophysics at Marinna, central New South Wales." Exploration Geophysics 31, no. 1-2 (March 2000): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg00260.

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50

Spadari, M., M. Kardani, R. De Carteret, A. Giacomini, O. Buzzi, S. Fityus, and S. W. Sloan. "Statistical evaluation of rockfall energy ranges for different geological settings of New South Wales, Australia." Engineering Geology 158 (May 2013): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.03.007.

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