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Academic literature on the topic 'Métamatériau sub-Longueur d'onde'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Métamatériau sub-Longueur d'onde"
Jouvaud, Camille. "Étude et application en micro-onde de l'hybridation de modes dans des systèmes localement résonants." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00955269.
Full textKaïna, Nadège. "Métamatériaux localement résonants : cristaux photoniques et phononiques sub-longueur d'onde." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC113.
Full textThis thesis deals with the control of the wave propagation at deep sub-wavelength scales in locally resonant metamaterials. Those composite media are composed of small resonators arranged on spatial scales much smaller than their typical wavelength at resonance. They are hence generally considered as homogeneous media and described with effective parameters. We here prove that, going beyond those homogenization approaches, the properties of most metamaterials can be reinterpreted at the light of a microscopic approach. The latter evidences that the wave propagation in metamaterials only results from phenomenon analog to what happens in photonic/phononic crystals: namely interferences and multiple scattering. We hence demonstrate that concepts developed for wave manipulation in photonic/phononic crystals can be transposed in metamaterials while taking advantage of the latter sub-wavelength spatial organization. For instance, locally modifying the medium, at the scale of the unit celé, creates cavities and waveguides confining and guiding waves on dimensions that are independent of the wavelength. We further study the possibility offered by those waveguides to both mold and slow down the flow of waves. We finally highlight the importance of the spatial subwavelength structuration of metamaterials due to the presence of multiple scattering. We prove that a so-called single negative metamaterial (presenting only one negative effective property) can be turned into a double negative one (hence presenting a negative index of refraction), simply by smartly organizing the building blocks of the metamaterial, at scales much smaller than the wavelength
Yves, Simon. "Métamatériaux cristallins : du motif sub-longueur d'onde au comportement macroscopique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC226.
Full textMany material properties arise from the interaction between their constituents and a wave. This is mainly conditioned by two characteristics: the composition and the structural arrangement. This interdependence is precisely described by condensed matter physics. This motivated the discovery of composite materials whose characteristics also stem from these two criteria. They divide in two categories. The first is the photonic/phononic crystals, whose properties are linked to their periodic arrangement. The second category is the one of metamaterials, whose properties come from the interaction of their constituents with the waves. The structural effects are generally neglected in the description of these media and they are considered to be homogeneous media with effective parameters. These two types of systems seem very different from the point of view of the interaction with the waves. In this thesis, we focus on locally resonant metamaterials, whose unit cell is a sub-wavelength resonator. Instead of seeing them as effective homogeneous media, the idea is to start from the characteristics of the unit cell of the medium as well as from its spatial arrangement in order to obtain its macroscopic properties. This microscopic approach makes it possible to jointly apprehend the effects of structure and composition. This is described in Chapter I, where we introduce the concept of polariton whose dispersion relation has a band linked to subwavelength modes, and a hybridization bandgap. In Chapter II, we use the latter to induce a localized coupling between resonant defects that is similar to the hopping term found in tight-binding solid-state physics Hamiltonians. We reproduce the band structures of graphene and of the dice lattice, which allows us to measure Dirac cones within the system. In Chapter III, we introduce the concept of crystalline metamaterials, which amounts to seeing these media as photonic/phononic crystals, but on a very small scale compare to the operating wavelength. This allows us to induce a negative band in the system but also a relatively flat band, and Dirac cones. In Chapter IV we break these cones by creating an analogue of the quantum Hall effect of Valley, which amounts to jointly modifying the structure and composition of the unit cell. In Chapter V we again break these cones in order to induce topological properties in the medium and to create a macroscopic analogue of a topological isolator
Riasse, Clément. "Structurations sub-longueur d'onde pour l'imagerie thermique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASP040.
Full textInfrared imaging systems include two types of detectors: cooled detectors (quantum detectors, expensive but with high performance) and uncooled detectors (thermal sensors, low cost). The latter family includes microbolometers. An important part of the price of a thermal camera is due to the optical system, especially when the pixel pitch is reduced and when it becomes necessary to increase the aperture to keep an equivalent image quality. This enhancement of the optical performances requires the use of more complex systems composed of several lenses, possibly aspheric. This results in an increase of the final cost of the infrared camera. This thesis aims to reduce the cost of the optical system by replacing by a metasurface one or more lenses needed to obtain a good image quality. Metasurfaces are planar optical elements that can be fabricated using the low-cost collective fabrication processes routinely used in microelectronics. For operating wavelengths in the LWIR range (8-14 µm), we realized the optical functions of our metasurfaces by etching sub-wavelength structures (meta-atoms) on a silicon wafer with a photolithography-based process. The objective of the thesis was to demonstrate the possibility to use a metasurface as a phase plate to correct geometrical aberrations achromatically over the LWIR band. We have first studied the simultaneous correction of spherical aberration and chromatic aberration of a commercial lens. To this effect, the required phase function has been calculated with a ray tracing software and then a library of meta-atoms able to realize this phase was designed with rigorous electromagnetic simulations. The control of the phase dispersion imposes some constraints and limitations that have been highlighted in this work. The fabrication of several samples followed the design. The characterization of the samples using a wavefront sensor validated the correction of the spherical aberration over the whole LWIR band. The correction of on and off-axis aberrations at the same time on the LWIR band was also studied for an optical system closer to the applications targeted by the industrial partner
Rupin, Matthieu. "Cavité réverbérante et résonateurs sub-longueur d'onde : approches numériques et expérimentales." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY082/document.
Full textThis thesis is divided into two parts. First, we present a new technique for focusing waves with one emitter in reverberant cavity (OCIF) inspired by inverse filter algorithm. Through the experimental study of reverberant cavities in the field of ultrasound, we demonstrate the ability of the OCIF to optimize the focusing no matter what type of cavity (ergodic type or not). In a second part, we investigate the propagation of elastic waves in a system formed by a set of aluminum rods glued to a thin plate of the same material. These rods form a set of quasi-punctual resonators in the propagation plane of waves. It is possible to arrange them periodically or randomly on a subwavelength scale. The metamaterial thus formed shows a complex wave field within it, including the presence of wide prohibited frequency ranges (bandgaps). The experimental and numerical approaches described in this manuscript show the existence of both flexural and compressional resonances in the resonators. Added to the presence of a conversion of a portion of the energy from the $A0$ Lamb mode to the $S0$ one in the plate, such a complexity makes this type of metamaterials, quite unusual objects at the mesoscopic scale
Kut, King Kan Warren. "Design and characterization of subwavelength grating (SWG) engineered silicon photonics devices fabricated by immersion lithography." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST099.
Full textSilicon photonics technology leverages the mature fabrication processes of the semi-conductor industry for the large volume production of opto-electronic devices. Subwavelength grating (SWG) metamaterials enable advanced engineering of mode confinement and dispersion, that have been used to demonstrate state-of-the-art performance of integrated photonic devices. SWGs generally require minimum feature sizes as small as a 100 nm to suppress reflection and diffraction effects. Hitherto, most reported SWG-based devices have been fabricated using electron-beam lithography. However, this technique is not compatible with large volume fabrication, hampering the commercial adoption of SWG-based photonic devices. Currently, immersion lithography is being deployed in silicon photonic foundries, enabling the patterning of features of 70 nm, when used in conjunction with optical proximity correction (OPC) models. The main goal of this PhD is to study the feasibility of immersion lithography and OPC for the realization of high-performance SWG devices. The SWG devices developed here have been fabricated using the OPC models and 300 mm SOI wafer technology at CEA-Leti. Three devices have been considered as case studies, each with a specific technological challenge: i) a power splitter requiring a single full etch step, ii) a fiber-chip grating coupler interleaving full and shallow etch steps, and iii) an optical antenna array covering a large surface area with a shallow etch step. The power splitter is implemented using a SWG-engineered multi-mode interferometer (MMI) coupler. The SWG is used to control the dispersion of the optical modes to achieve an ultrawide operating spectral bandwidth. This device experimentally showed state-of-the-art bandwidth of 350 nm, in good agreement with simulations. Note that the bandwidth of a conventional MMI without SWG is around 100 nm. The fiber-chip coupler relies on an L-shaped geometry with SWG in full and shallow etch steps to maximize the field radiated towards the fiber. The measured coupling efficiency, of - 1.70 dB (68 %) at a wavelength of 1550 nm, is the highest value reported for an L-shaped coupler fabricated without electron-beam lithography. Still, this value differs from the calculated efficiency of 0.80 dB (83 %), and compares to experimental values achieved with fiber-chip grating couplers without SWG (~ -1.50 dB). One of the main reasons for the limited experimental performance is the strong sensitivity of the structure to errors in the alignment between the full and shallow etch steps. The optical antenna uses shallowly etched SWG teeth to minimize the grating strength, allowing the implementation of a large area emission aperture, of 48 × 48 µm, which is required to minimize the beam divergence. A two-dimensional (2D) optical phased array (OPA) with an antenna pitch of 90 µm × 90 µm, comprising 16 antennas was designed and fabricated. The SWG-based unitary antenna has a measured full width at half maximum divergence of 1.40° at a wavelength of 1550 nm, while the beam emitted from the phased array has a divergence of 0.25°, both in very good agreement with expected values. These results serve as a good proof-of-concept demonstration of this novel antenna architecture. In summary, the results shown in this PhD illustrate the great potential of immersion lithography and OPC for harnessing SWG-engineering, paving the way for their commercial adoption. Devices with full or shallow etch steps exhibited excellent performance close to that predicted by simulations. The fiber-chip grating couplers deviated from expected results, probably due to the tight fabrication tolerances associated with the combination of full and shallow etch steps
Diallo, Alpha Ousmane. "Modélisation hyperfréquence de problèmes multi-échelles appliquée au cas des antennes à métamatériaux diélectriques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066356/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the improvement of the antennas compactness used primarily for embedded systems while respecting the performance and competitiveness requirements. The approach explored consists in using artificial materials operating in transmission and designed by structuring the dielectric material on a scale smaller than the wavelength (sub-wavelength). This structuring makes it possible in practice to achieve a variation in the effective refractive index in order to produce diffractive elements capable of performing a microwave function. However, the particularity of this type of structured element is to mix several physical scales generating complexity in their study. The largest dimension of a structured component can reach several tens of wavelength, for example 20λ, while the minimum size of the sub-wavelength structures may be less than a fraction of the wavelength, as than λ / 20. This multi-scale aspect increases the simulation times of antenna devices integrating these structured elements, thus preventing any possibility of multi-parameter optimization in reasonable times. In order to exploit fully the potential of these structured materials, a numerical model of computation has been developed on the basis of optical paths. This model gives results on the maximum gain of structured diffractive lens antennas with an accuracy of 0.5 dB. The computation time of the model is of the order of the minute compared to more than 6 hours for a complete simulation with the electromagnetic calculation software CST Microwave Studio. The speed and precision of this model have been used to optimize the design of a structured diffractive lens. To illustrate the relevance of this structured approach, its performances were compared with those of Fresnel lens antenna and hyperbolic lens antenna. This comparison was carried out under identical footprint conditions with a length to diameter ratio L / D of 0.5. The gain of the structured lens was found to be 1.6 dB higher than the Fresnel lens and 2.7 dB higher than the hyperbolic lens
Dupré, Matthieu. "Contrôle des micro-ondes en milieux réverbérants." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC181.
Full textThis thesis, dealing with controlling microwaves in reverberating media, is in the straight line of previous works performed at the Institut Langevin. We start by considering the general principles of the propagation of waves in complex media, which are basically reverberating or multiple scattering media. We review the concept of degrees of freedom and explain why techniques such as time reversai and wave front shaping are efficient to control waves in such media. We introduce a novel and efficient way to control the coupling of a cavity to the exterior. To do so, we propose to open a cavity with a sub-wavelength diffraction grating. We show that the latter behaves as a partially reflecting mirror. We then show how we can replace such grating by a fractal planar resonator in order to focus waves on very subwavelength dimensions Finally we detail the concept, the design and the use of a reconfigurable reflect array that allow to passively control spatial degrees of freedom of a reverberating media. We show that this modulator permits to optimize a signal at WIFI frequencies by shaping the field in a similar way than it is done in scattering media in otpics with spatial light modulators. We present a mode) adapted to our situation and a new numerical approach based on the boundary layers potential to obtain the eigenmodes of a cavity with mixed boundary conditions
Paulillo, Bruno. "Circuit-tunable subwavelength terahertz devices." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS130/document.
Full textThe need for small, fast, low-power and low-cost optoelectronic components is driving the research towards radiation sources and detectors having a dimension that is smaller than the emitted/detected wavelength. This is hampered by the optical diffraction limit which constrains the minimum dimension of optical devices at half the operating wavelength. Conversely, electronic devices, such as antennas and oscillating circuits, are not diffraction-limited in size and can be frequency tuned with lumped components. Hence, blending the worlds of photonics and electronics has the potential to enable novel optoelectronic devices with no lower size limit imposed by the wavelength, and with novel functionalities borrowed from electronic circuits. The ideal spectral region to develop this paradigm is the terahertz (THz) range, halfway between the electronics and optics realms. In the first part of this work, we present novel subwavelength 3D micro-resonators that behave as microscopic LC circuits, where the resonant frequency can be tuned acting separately on the capacitive and/or inductive regions. In the second part we illustrate the power of this concept by implementing novel lumped-elements-based passive THz meta-devices (polaritonic, optically switchable, optically active). The last part of this thesis is devoted to active meta-devices. Single-pixel and arrays of THz quantum well photodetectors featuring a ≈λeff/10 dimension are demonstrated, thanks also to an effective and original contact scheme to extract (inject) current from (into) the semiconductor core embedded by each resonator. Finally, a feasibility study of a subwavelength laser at THz frequencies is reported