Journal articles: 'Metals conservation'

1

Griswold, John, and Terry Drayman-Weisser. "Gilded Metals: History, Technology, and Conservation." Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 43, no. 1 (2004): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3179857.

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Tear, Paul. "Gilded Metals: History, Technology and Conservation." Studies in Conservation 49, no. 2 (January 2004): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sic.2004.49.2.141.

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MacLeod, Ian Donald, Robert E. Child, and Joyce M. Townsend. "Modern Metals in Museums." Studies in Conservation 35, no. 3 (August 1990): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1506173.

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Sembrat, Joseph, Patty Miller, Jee Skavdahl, and Lydia Frenzel. "Conservation of Historic Metals by Waterjetting Techniques." Journal of Architectural Conservation 11, no. 3 (January 2005): 121–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2005.10784956.

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Schweizer, François. "Chemistry and the conservation of archaeological metals." Science of The Total Environment 143, no. 1 (March 1994): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90539-8.

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Musa, Mukhtaruddin, Mohd Hanafi Ani, and Raihan Othman. "Natural Corrosion Inhibitor for Corrosion Protection of Metal Artefact: An Overview." Advanced Materials Research 701 (May 2013): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.701.323.

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The degradation of most of metals, with the exception of gold is a universal reaction. It is a constant and on-going problems, make it often difficult to eliminate completely causing either industrial or heritage conservation losing a lot of money. One way and most practical for corrosion protection are using green inhibitor. Therefore it is widely use either industry or heritage conservation. Unfortunately, the inhibitors used in conservation are frequently hazardous to conservator, either through inhaler or touch with skin. Responding to this, several researches has been conducted to look into environmental friendly inhibitors or green inhibitors. This paper will review current practice use of inhibitor in metal preservation before propose a new inhibitor which been used a long time ago in Malay traditional practice in Keris preservation.

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Moncrieff, Anne, Richard Hughes, and Michael Rowe. "The Colouring, Bronzing and Patination of Metals." Studies in Conservation 30, no. 4 (November 1985): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1506046.

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Oddy, Andrew, and D. A. Scott. "Metallography and Microstructure of Ancient and Historic Metals." Studies in Conservation 37, no. 4 (November 1992): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1506361.

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Scott, David A. "Copper Compounds in Metals and Colorants: Oxides and Hydroxides." Studies in Conservation 42, no. 2 (1997): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1506620.

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Scott, David A. "Application of colour metallography in the examination of ancient metals." Studies in Conservation 59, no. 2 (January 25, 2014): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2047058413y.0000000092.

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Look, David W., and Dirk H. R. Spennemann. "In a Tropical Marine Climate: Conservation Management of Historic Metals." APT Bulletin 27, no. 1/2 (1996): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1504502.

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Crespo Ibañez, Ana. "Modern Metals in Cultural Heritage: Understanding and Characterization." Ge-conservacion 16 (December 11, 2019): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37558/gec.v16i0.720.

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Hauser-Davis, Rachel Ann. "The current knowledge gap on metallothionein mediated metal-detoxification in Elasmobranchs." PeerJ 8 (November 2, 2020): e10293. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10293.

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Elasmobranchs are particularly vulnerable to environmental contamination, especially pollutants that may bioaccumulate and biomagnify, throughout the trophic web, such as metals. However, Elasmobranch management and conservation plans are challenging, and this group is often neglected regarding ecotoxicological analyses, particularly concerning metal detoxification mechanisms. This article discusses metallothionein (MT) mediated metal detoxification in Elasmobranchs and reflects on the current knowledge gap in this regard.

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Raffaelli, Dave. "Conservation of Scottish estuaries." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 100 (1992): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000011064.

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SynopsisThis paper reviews the physical and biological characteristics of Scottish estuaries. A case is made for the conservation of a range of habitats, including sand dunes, saltmarshes and intertidal flats, although it is recognised that the large-scale protection of estuarine intertidal areas may depend more on their perceived importance as feeding areas for shorebirds and fish, rather than their very real intrinsic value. Contamination by metals and hydrocarbons, organic enrichment by sewage, agricultural run-off, land-claim and sea-level rise are identified as major threats posed to Scottish estuaries. Land-claim and sea level rise both lead to large-scale and permanent loss of intertidal area and they are considered the most pressing conservation problems.

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Bernard, M. C., and S. Joiret. "Understanding corrosion of ancient metals for the conservation of cultural heritage." Electrochimica Acta 54, no. 22 (September 2009): 5199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.01.036.

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Tőzsér, Dávid, Béla Tóthmérész, Sándor Harangi, Edina Baranyai, Gyula Lakatos, Zoltán Fülöp, and Edina Simon. "Remediation potential of early successional pioneer species Chenopodium album and Tripleurospermum inodorum." Nature Conservation 36 (August 5, 2019): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.36.32503.

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Remediation with plants is a technology used to decrease soil or water contamination. In this study we assessed the remediation potential of two weed species (Chenopodium album and Tripleurospermum inodorum) in a moderately metal-contaminated area. Metal concentrations were studied in roots, stems and leaves, in order to assess correlations in metal concentrations between those in soil and plants. Furthermore, we calculated bioaccumulation factor (BAF), bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) values to study the accumulation of metals from soil to plants and translocation within plants. We found correlation in metal concentrations between soil and plants. The metal accumulation potential was low in both species, indicating low BAF and BCF values. In contrast, high TF values were found for Mn, Ni, Sr, Zn, Ba, Fe, Cu and Pb in C. album, and for Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn and Sr in T. inodorum. Our results demonstrated that the potential of C. album and T. inodorum might be limited in phytoextraction processes; however, when accumulated, metals are successfully transported to aboveground plant organs. Thus, to achieve the efficient remediation of metal-contaminated soils, removal of the aboveground plant organs is recommended, by which soil disturbance can also be avoided.

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Khan, Waseem Razzaq, Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli, Mohamad Roslan bin Mohamad Kasim, Martin Zimmer, Ahmad Mustapha Pazi, Nur Amira Kamrudin, Fahad Rasheed, Zikria Zafar, Roslan Mostapa, and M. Nazre. "Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Sediments of Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve." Tropical Conservation Science 13 (January 2020): 194008292093312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940082920933122.

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Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (MMFR) is one of the most productive and managed forests in the world. On the other hand, it has become a concern whether MMFR is being degraded as a result of exposure to industrial pollution. Industries located around MMFR dispose effluents contaminated by heavy metals. This study was conducted to analyze heavy metal contamination and risk assessment status in MMFR sediments. Sediment samples from six compartments were collected based on age and location of the mangrove plantation. Total metal digestion and modified sequential extraction were performed to estimate the concentration of heavy metals. Based on the estimation, risk assessment code, geo-accumulation index, pollution load index, and contamination factor were computed to classify the compartments according to their contamination and pollution levels. Organic matter and sediment texture (silt, clay, and sand content) were also analyzed to find its correlation with heavy metals. According to the results, high concentrations for Copper, Nickel, and Cadmium were observed in Compartment 42, while Compartment 18 and Compartment 74 showed higher concentrations for Zinc and Lead. Heavy metals showed weak positive correlation with clay and silt, but weak negative correlation with sand. For organic matter, only Zinc showed statistically significant but weak negative correlation. Risk assessment code, geo-accumulation index, pollution load index, and contamination factor categorized the compartments into unpolluted to moderately polluted. Based on the study outcomes, it can be concluded that MMFR, although acquiring industrial discharge, is not with a high risk of heavy metal contamination.

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Idzelis, Raimondas Leopoldas, Vytautas Kesminas, Gintaras Svecevičius, and Vaidas Misius. "ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS (CU, ZN, NI, CR, PB, CD) IN TISSUES OF PERCH (PERCA FLUVIATILIS L.) AND ROACH RUTILUS RUTILUS (L.) UNDER EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS/SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ (CU, ZN, NI, CR, PB, CD) KAUPIMASIS EŠERIO PERCA FLUVIATILIS L. IR KUOJOS RUTILUS АККУМУЛЯЦИЯ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ (CU, ZN, NI, CR, PB, CD) В ТКАНЯХ ОКУНЯ PERCA FLUVIATILIS L. И ПЛОТВЫ RUTILLUS RUTILLUS L. В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 16, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-6897.2008.16.205-212.

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The paper analyses the effects of heavy metals on freshwater fishes. From the point of view of pollution caused by heavy metals, the condition of ecosystems in Lithuania is yet less affected by heavy metals compared to that the world over. Fishes accumulate heavy metals selectively. Fishes mostly accumulate Pb, Cr, Cd. Our experiments showed that MPC (Maximum Permitted Concentration) (0.2 mg/kg) of lead was exceeded 1.6 time in the muscles of perch, and 1.4 time ‐ in the muscles of roach. The MPC (0.05 mg/kg) of cadmium was exceeded 1.2 time in the muscles of perch and roach. It was determined that perch accumulate heavy metals more intensively than roach. Heavy metals accumulate in fishes: liver > muscle> gills. As heavy metals are considered to be one of the most harmful water pollutants, there is a great need for a constant ecological monitoring and reduction of their amounts released into the environment. According to long‐term research data, the MPC in fishes is exceeded only slightly. This confirms a good condition of aquatic ecosystems in Lithuania. Santrauka Įvertintas sunkiųjų metalų pasiskirstymas gėlavandenių žuvų audiniuose monitoringiniuose vandens telkiniuose, taip pat ir kuojų bei ešerių, paveiktų sunkiųjų metalų didžiausiomis leidžiamosiomis koncentracijomis (DLK), audiniuose. Eksperimentiniai tyrimai atlikti su Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, kurių kiekvienas pasižymi kancerogeniniu mutageniniu poveikiu. Nustatyta, kad švino DLK (0,2 mg/kg) buvo viršyta ešerių raumenyse 1,6 karto, o kuojų – 1,4 karto. Kadmio DLK (0,05 mg/kg) ešerių ir kuojų raumenyse buvo viršyta apie 1,2 karto. Taip pat nustatyta, kad ešeriai sunkiuosius metalus kaupia intensyviau nei kuojos. Eksperimentiniai duomenys sutampa su sunkiųjų metalų tyrimų monitoringiniuose vandens telkiniuose duomenimis. Žuvų audiniuose Pb ir Cd koncentracijos yra didžiausios ir dažnai viršija Lietuvos higienos normoje nurodytąją DLK. Tokie rezultatai įpareigoja nuolat kontroliuoti sunkiųjų metalų kiekį žuvyse. Rezultatai pateikiami sunkiųjų metalų sklaidos pasiskirstymo grafikuose. Резюме Представлены данные по распределению тяжелых металлов в тканях пресноводных рыб в мониторинговых водоемах, а также результаты, полученные путем воздействия тяжелых металлов в предельно допустимых концентрациях (ПДК) на окуня и плотву. В экспериментальных исследованиях применялись металлы Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, оказывающие на живые организмы воздействие мутагенного и канцерогенного характера. Установлено, что концентрация Cd в тканях окуня превышала ПДК (0,2 мг/кг) в 1,6 раза, а в тканях плотвы – в 1,4 раза. Концентрация Cd в тканях тех же рыб превышала ПДК (0,05 мг/кг) примерно в 1,2 раза. Также установлено, что окунь аккумулирует тяжелые металлы интенсивнее плотвы. Экспериментальные данные совпадают с данными, полученными в мониторинговых водоемах. Установлено также, что концентрация Pb и Cd в тканях рыб зачастую превышает ПДК. Полученные результаты обязывают постоянно контролировать уровень тяжелых металлов в тканях рыб.

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Mikalajunė, Audronė, and Lina Jakučionytė. "INVESTIGATION INTO HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION BY THE GRAVEL ROADSIDES / SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ KONCENTRACIJŲ ŽVYRKELIŲ PAKELIŲ DIRVOŽEMIUOSE VERTINIMAS / ОЦЕНКА КОНЦЕНТР АЦИЙ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ В ПОЧВЕ ОБОЧИН ГРАВИЙНЫХ ДОРОГ." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 19, no. 1 (April 15, 2011): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2011.557474.

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Vehicles release large amounts of heavy metals to the environment. There have been done a lot of investigations analysing the distribution of heavy metals in soils near intensive regional roads. However, there is lack of investigations into the impact of small-intensity gravel roads on roadside soil contamination with heavy metals. The object of this investigation is four gravel roads of local significance connecting small villages. The intensity of these roads is very low. The gravel roads are chosen according to application of dust-minimizing materials, for example, CaCl2 and oil emulsion. According to our results, none of the soil samples had an excess of heavy metal concentration limit. Besides, heavy metal concentrations were decreasing with a distance from the road increasing. We can make an assumption that road dust-minimizing materials do not have a significant impact on heavy metal distribution in roadside soils. The major factors of heavy metal pollution distribution in roadside soils are traffic intensity, roadside trenches, and topographic conditions. Santrauka Eksploatuojant autotransportą, į aplinką patenka daug sunkiųjų metalų. Atlikta nemažai tyrimų sunkiųjų metalų paplitimuidirvožemyje šalia intensyvių magistralinių kelių nustatyti, tačiau mažo intensyvumo keliai šiuo požiūriu tiriami mažai.Tirti pasirinkta 4 žvyrkeliai – vietinės reikšmvs keliai, jungiantys nedideles gyvenvietes. Eismo intensyvumas šiuose keliuose mažas. Žvyrkeliai pasirinkti pagal taikomas priemones dulkėtumui mažinti, t. y. du nagrinvjami žvyrkeliai apdorotiCaCl2, kiti du – naftos emulsija. Nė viename mėginyje sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos neviršijo DLK, o tolstant nuo važiuojamosios kelio dalies sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos buvo mažesnės. Galima daryti prielaidą, kad kelio apdorojimo medžiagos dulkėtumui mažinti žymios įtakos sunkiųjų metalų pasiskirstymui pakelių dirvožemyje nedaro, lemia transporto srauto intensyvumas, kelio grioviai pakelėse bei reljefo sąlygos. Резюме При эксплуатации автомобилей в окружающую среду попадает много тяжелых металлов. Проведено немалоисследований, посвященных анализу распространения тяжелых металлов в почве обочин интенсивно эксплуатируемых магистральных дорог, однако исследований, касающихся аналогичных проблем дорог малой интенсивности, в настоящее время имеется немного. В настоящей работе в качестве объекта исследований выбраны четыредороги местного значения с гравийным покрытием, соединяющие небольшие поселения. Интенсивность дорог небольшая. Гравийные дороги выбраны с учетом их обработки для уменьшения пыльности – две дороги обработаны с применением CaCl2, а две другие – с применением нефтяной эмульсии. Ни в одной пробе не былозафиксировано концентраций тяжелых металлов, превышающих допустимые нормами. С удалением от проезжей части концентрации тяжелых металлов уменьшались. На основании исследований можно сделать вывод о том,что материалы, применявшиеся для уменьшения пыльности дорог, большого влияния на распространениетяжелых металлов в почве обочин дорог не оказывают. На распространение тяжелых металлов в почве обочин оказывает влияние интенсивность транспортного потока, кюветы на обочинах и условия рельефа.

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Colwell, David. "Resource conservation." Transactions of the IMF 85, no. 4 (July 2007): 176–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174591907x216477.

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Oraltay, R. G., and R. Karadag. "Surface Investigation of Metal Threads and Solid Metals of Ottoman Textiles in the Topkapi Palace Museum." Studies in Conservation 65, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00393630.2019.1647388.

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Sadiku, Milaim, Sadija Kadriu, Mensur Kelmendi, and Letafete Latifi. "Impact of Artana mine on heavy metal pollution of the Marec river in Kosovo." Mining of Mineral Deposits 15, no. 2 (2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining15.02.018.

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Purpose. This paper aims to reflect the extent of the impact of the Artana mine on heavy metal pollution of the waters of the Marec river. Mineralogical pollution of this river resulted in almost total degradation of biota. Methods. To be as realistic as possible in assessing the water quality of the Marec river and of a single spring located in the research area and used for drinking, we have applied the standard methods ISO 5667-6 for surface water and ISO 5667-11 for groundwater. The sampling and the quantity of the samples, as well as their transportation, was done in full compliance with the ISO 5667-1.3 method. Whereas, the conservation of samples taken for the determination of heavy metals is done according to the APHA conservation procedure. For the extraction (mineralization) of heavy metals in the samples taken, the EPA-3015A method was applied, while for the determination of the concentration of heavy metals the SAA (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) measurement technique was applied. Findings. As a result of the industrial activity of the Artana mine, it has been ascertained that the main causes of the pollution of the Marec river waters and the habitat around it is the mineral exploitation activity in this industrial complex. Analysis of water samples discharged from the mine, flotation and drainage of landfills reflect the real state of heavy metals concentration in the Marec river. Originality. In order for the results to realistically reflect the degree of heavy metals concentration in the waters of this river, we have implemented existing and advanced analytical techniques. Practical implications. The water samples from the Marec river were taken and analyzed in January and July 2020. The analysis performed showed significant exceedance of heavy metals concentration in all sampling sites located in the studied industrial area.

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Liang, Ziyi, Fuzhong Wu, Xiangyin Ni, Bo Tan, Li Zhang, Zhenfeng Xu, Junyi Hu, and Kai Yue. "Woody Litter Increases Headwater Stream Metal Export Ratio in an Alpine Forest." Forests 10, no. 5 (April 30, 2019): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050379.

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Headwater streams have low productivity and are closely linked to forest ecosystems, which input a large amount of plant litter into streams. Most current studies have focused on the decomposition process of plant litter in streams, and the effects of non-woody and woody litter on metal transfer, accumulation, and storage in streams are poorly understood. Here, we addressed how non-woody and woody litter affect metals in headwater streams in an alpine forest on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. This area is the source of many rivers and plays an important regulatory role in the regional climate and water conservation. Through comparisons of five metal concentrations, exports and storage in headwater streams with different input conditions of plant litter, our results showed that the input of woody litter could significantly increase flow discharge and increase the metal export ratio in the water. Similarly, the input of non-woody litter could reduce the metal concentration in the water and facilitate the stable storage of metals in the sediment in the headwater streams. Therefore, allochthonous non-woody and woody litter can affect the concentration of metals in water and sediment, and the transfer and accumulation of metals from upstream to downstream in headwater streams. This study provides basic data and new findings for understanding the effects of allochthonous plant litter on the accumulation and storage of metals in headwater forest streams and may provide new ideas for assessing and managing water quality in headwater streams in alpine forests.

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Zeng, Yunhui, Wenhao Li, Hongfei Guo, Yilin Chen, Xiaoqing Jiang, and Bingjie Yu. "Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution Based on Two-Dimensional Diffusion Model." Scientific Review, no. 54 (April 10, 2019): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/sr.54.87.92.

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This paper takes the propagation characteristics of heavy metals and the judgment of the location of pollution sources as the research objects, aiming to analyze the propagation characteristics of different heavy metals. Firstly, the Gaussian diffusion model is conducted to establish the propagation characteristics model of heavy metal pollutants in the atmosphere. Then, based on the law of conservation of mass and the law of two-dimensional diffusion, the two-dimensional diffusion model is adopted to establish the propagation characteristics model of heavy metals in soil moisture. According to these two models, the nonlinear differential equations are established respectively, revealing that the characteristics of the two propagation ways are related to space, time, diffusion coefficients, and other factors. Then, in the light of the propagation characteristics of different heavy metals, the least square method is applied to reduce the data calculation error and obtain the specific location of the pollution source. Finally, through establishing the three-dimensional diffusion model of heavy metal diffusion by introducing artificial control, speed and angle of prevailing wind direction, and other factors, the model is further optimized. The establishment of this model provides an important theoretical basis and guiding significance for the future study of heavy metal pollutants.

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Zeng, Yunhui, Wenhao Li, Hongfei Guo, Yilin Chen, Xiaoqing Jiang, and Bingjie Yu. "Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution Based on Two-Dimensional Diffusion Model." International Journal of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, no. 51 (March 8, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijhms.51.1.6.

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This paper takes the propagation characteristics of heavy metals and the judgment of the location of pollution sources as the research objects, aiming to analyze the propagation characteristics of different heavy metals. Firstly, the Gaussian diffusion model is conducted to establish the propagation characteristics model of heavy metal pollutants in the atmosphere. Then, based on the law of conservation of mass and the law of two-dimensional diffusion, the two-dimensional diffusion model is adopted to establish the propagation characteristics model of heavy metals in soil moisture. According to these two models, the nonlinear differential equations are established respectively, revealing that the characteristics of the two propagation ways are related to space, time, diffusion coefficients, and other factors. Then, in the light of the propagation characteristics of different heavy metals, the least square method is applied to reduce the data calculation error and obtain the specific location of the pollution source. Finally, through establishing the three-dimensional diffusion model of heavy metal diffusion by introducing artificial control, speed and angle of prevailing wind direction, and other factors, the model is further optimized. The establishment of this model provides an important theoretical basis and guiding significance for the future study of heavy metal pollutants.

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Idzelis, Raimondas Leopoldas, Vytautas Kesminas, Gintaras Svecevičius, and Albertas Venslovas. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION IN TISSUES OF STONE LOACH NOEMACHEILUS BARBATULUS (L.) AND RAINBOW TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS (WALBAUM) EXPOSED TO A MODEL MIXTURE (CU, ZN, NI, CR, PB, CD)." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-6897.2010.13.

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During experiment, fish were exposed to a heavy metal model mixture (Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd) for 14 days. Heavy metal concentrations corresponded to Maximum Permitted Concentrations (MPC) in surface waters. The amount of heavy metals in fish tissues was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Though both investigated fish species accumulated heavy metals with similar general intensity, the stone loach did it in the sequence gills > liver > muscle, and the rainbow trout ‐ conversely: muscle > liver > gills. Ni concentration in the stone loach muscle made 0.607 mg/kg and Pb concentration was 0.21 mg/kg, whereas Cd concentration in the rainbow trout muscle reached 0.45 mg/kg and exceeded the MPC indicated in the Lithuanian hygiene standard. These results coincide with the data of the heavy metal research into fish species from natural water bodies. Pb and Cd concentrations in fish tissues are the highest and frequently exceed the MPC. These findings urge for the constant control of the amount of heavy metals in fish. Santrauka Bandomosios žuvys 14 paru buvo veikiamos modeliniu sunkiuju metalu mišiniu (Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd). Metalu koncentracijos atitiko ju didžiausias leidžiamas koncentracijas (DLK) paviršiniuose vandenyse. Sunkiuju metalu kiekis audiniuose buvo nustatomas atomines absorbcijos spektrofotometriniu (AAS) būdu. Nors abieju tirtu rūšiu žuvu audiniuose sunkieji metalai kaupesi vienodu intensyvumu, šlyžio audiniuose jie kaupesi tokiu eiliškumu: žiaunos > kepenys > raumenys, o vaivorykštinio upetakio ‐ atvirkščiai: raumenys > kepenys > žiaunos. Šlyžio raumenyse Ni koncentracija buvo 0,607 mg/kg, o Pb ‐ 0,21 mg/kg ,vaivorykštinio upetakio raumenyse Cd koncentracija sieke 0,45 mg/kg ir viršijo Lietuvos higienos normoje nurodytaja DLK. Šie rezultatai sutampa su sunkiuju metalu nuolatines stebesenos kontroliuojamu rūšiu žuvyse iš natūraliu vandens telkiniu tyrimu duomenimis. Žuvu audiniuose Pb ir Cd koncentracijos yra didžiausios ir dažnai viršija DLK. Tokie rezultatai ipareigoja nuolat kontroliuoti sunkiuju metalu kieki žuvyse. Резюме Подопытные рыбы в течение 14 суток подвергались воздействию смеси тяжёлых металлов (Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd) в предельно допустимых концентрациях (ПДК), предусмотренных для внутренних водоёмов. Количество тяжелых металлов в тканях рыб устанавливали при помощи атомной абсорбции спектрофотометрическим методом. Несмотря на то, что оба вида рыб накапливали металлы с одинаковой общей интенсивностью, голец их накапливал в следующей последовательности: жабры > печень> мышцы, а радужная форель – наоборот: мышцы > печень> жабры. В мышцах гольца концентрация Ni составила 0,607 мг/кг, Pb – 0,21 мг/кг, а в тканях форели концентрация Cd составила 0,45 мг/кг и превышала ПДК. Экспериментальные данные совпадают с данными, полученными в мониторинговых водоемах. Установлено также, что концентрация Pb и Cd в тканях зачастую прeвышаeт ПДК. Полученные результаты обязывают постоянно контролировать уровень тяжелых металлов в тканях рыб.

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Petkuvienė, Jolita, and Dainius Paliulis. "EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF ROAD MAINTENANCE SALTS AND MOLASSES ("SAFECOTE") CORROSIVE IMPACT ON METALS/KELIŲ PRIEŽIŪRAI NAUDOJAMŲ DRUSKŲ IR MELASOS („SAFECOTE“) POVEIKIO METALŲ KOROZIJAI EKSPERIMENTINIAI TYRIMAI/ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ КОРРОЗИОННОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ НА МЕТАЛЛЫ СОЛЕЙ И МЕЛАССЫ (“SAFECOTE”), ПРИМЕНЯЕМЫХ ДЛЯ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ДОРОГ." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2009): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-6897.2009.17.236-243.

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The purpose of this investigation is to assess the corrosive impact of de‐icing salts and product “Safecote” on metals by performing immersion and spraying experiments. Metallic elements such as metallic bridges, road signs, and cars, situated near the road, are exposed to salts used for road maintenance in winter seasons. The salts, used to de‐ice the road surface, can cause metal corrosion. NaCl, CaCl2, also mixture of NaCl and CaCl2are most commonly used salts in Lithuania. Ions of chloride are the main agents which increase corrosion rate and the metal mass loss. This harmful effect could be mitigated by replacing the salts with organic de‐icers, for instance, product “Safecote” based on molasses, which is a by‐product of sugar production. The research of mass loss of metals and metal alloys was carried out with the help of two methods ‐ immersion and spraying. In the first case tested metals were dipped into the solutions of NaCl, CaCl2, NaCl:CaCl2 and NaCl:Safecote, in the other ‐ metals were sprayed with solutions of above mentioned metals. Results of the experimental research showed that CaCl2 has the highest effect on metal corrosion. This solution caused mass loss of galvanized steel 301.71±4.2 mg, and carbon steel ‐ 52.27±1.7mg by immersion method. What is more, aluminium 1.37±0.13 mg, galvanized steel 51.79±0.9mg, stainless steel 2.11±0.2 mg, and carbon steel 266.58±2.5 mg lost their mass by spraying method. The results of the experiment showed that salts, used for road maintenance in winter seasons, should be mixed with “Safecote”, which mitigates corrosion of metals and minimizes their mass loss. Santrauka Tyrimų tikslas – taikant įmerkimo ir purškimo metodus įvertinti kelių priežiūrai žiemą naudojamų druskų ir melasos įtaką metalų korozijai. Metalinius tiltus, kelio ženklus, kitus metalinius kelio elementus bei mašinas žiemą veikia kelio priežiūrai (slydimui sumažinti) naudojamos druskos, vyksta korozija. NaCl, CaCl2 bei NaCl ir CaCl2 mišinys – dažniausiai Lietuvoje naudojamos druskos. Chloridai yra pagrindiniai koroziją sukeliantys ir metalų masę mažinantys jonai. Šis negatyvus chloridų poveikis gali būti sumažintas pakeitus kelių priežiūrai naudojamas druskas organinėmis cheminėmis medžiagomis ledui tirpinti, pvz., „Safecote“. Tai antrinis žemės ūkio produktas, gaunamas iš cukraus pramonės atliekų, dar vadinamas melasa. Metalų ir jų lydinių masės mažėjimo tyrimas buvo atliekamas dviem būdais – įmerkimo ir purškimo. Pirmuoju atveju tiriamieji metalai įmerkiami į NaCl, CaCl2 , NaCl:CaCl2 ir NaCl: „Safecote“ tirpalus, o antruoju atveju – metalai šiais tirpalais purškiami. Pagal eksperimentinių tyrimų rezultatus įrodyta, kad CaCl2 tirpalas sukėlė didžiausią metalų koroziją, t. y. cinkuotoji skarda neteko 301,71±4,2 mg, anglinis plienas – 52,27±1,7 mg masės taikant įmerkimo metodą, o purškimo atveju aliuminis neteko 1,37±0,13 mg, cinkuotoji skarda – 51,79±0,9 mg, nerūdijantis plienas – 2,11±0,2 mg, o anglinis plienas – 266,58±2,5 mg masės. Remiantis atliktų eksperimentinių tyrimų rezultatais siūloma su kelių priežiūrai naudojamomis druskomis naudoti „Safecote“ tirpalą, kuris sumažina metalų koroziją. Pезюме Целью исследования была оценка коррозионного воздействия солей и продукта “Safecote”, применяемых для содержания дорог в зимний период, на металлы. Металлические мосты, дорожные знаки и другие металлические элементы, а также автомобили подвергаются воздействию солей, используемых для уменьшения скользкости дорог в зимний сезон. Чаще всего в Литве используются соли NaCl, CaCl2 , а также смесь NaCl и CaCl2 . Ионы хлорида являются основными агентами, способствующими коррозии металла и потерям их массы. Это вредное воздействие хлоридов может быть уменьшено путем замены солей, используемых для содержания дорог, органическими веществами для удаления льда, например, продуктом “Safecote” на основе мелассы, которая является побочным продуктом производства сахара. Исследование потери массы металлов и их сплавов осуществлялось двумя методами – методом погружения и распыления. В первом случае исследуемые металлы погружались в растворы NaCl, CaCl2 , NaCl: CaCl2 и NaCl:Safecote, а во втором – металлы подвергались распылению этими растворами. Результаты эксперимента показали, что раствор CaCl2 оказывает наибольший эффект на коррозию металлов. В случае применения метода погружения потеря массы из оцинкованной стали составила 301,71±4,2 мг, а массы из углеродистой стали – 52,27±1,7 мг. В случае применения метода распыления металлы также лишились массы: алюминий – 1,37±0,13 мг, оцинкованная сталь – 51,79±0,9 мг, нержавеющая сталь – 2,11±0,2 мг и углеродистая сталь – 266,58±2,5 мг. Результаты эксперимента показали, что соль, используемую для содержания дорог в зимний период, следует смешивать с продуктом “Safecote”, который уменьшает коррозию металлов.

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Wanhill, Russell. "Embrittled Ancient Silver and Iron Objects and Their Conservation." Microscopy Today 17, no. 5 (September 2009): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929509000352.

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Embrittlement of ancient metals is often complex. The details of embrittlement should be investigated in order to select the best remedial measures for restoration and conservation. This article surveys the techniques used for investigating several ancient embrittled silver artifacts and an iron pile-shoe from a Roman bridge. The possibilities for preserving such objects are also discussed.

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Kamberović, Željko, Zoran Anđić, Marija Korać, Natasa Gajic, and B. Tomović. "Integrated procedure for recycling and valorization of useful components from secondary raw materials based on hard metals." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/297.

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Wide application of hard metals requires increased consumption of their constituents. Their high cost and scarcity impose the need for finding new, both ecologically and economically justified ways for their production. In presented research, on the basis of previous research, a review of an integrated technological procedure of recycling and valorization of useful components from hard metals secondary raw materials is given.Integrated procedure for processing of hard metal's waste enables the preparation of a wide range of powders with required properties, a high efficiency and reducing the duration of individual stages of procedures for their processing. Therefore, besides conservation of natural resources there are also significant economic and energetic benefits. The developed technological procedure is in service of sustainable development.

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Hashimoto, Koji. "Metastable metals for “green” materials for global atmosphere conservation and abundant energy supply." Materials Science and Engineering: A 179-180 (May 1994): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(94)90158-9.

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31

Zhang, Hai Ying, and Shu Zhen Li. "XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) Analysis of the Stabilized Ash." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.7.

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MSWI (municipal solid waste incineration) fly ash, generated in incineration process of municipal solid waste, contains lots of heavy metals, which will do harm do the environment if extracted. In this work, the ash is stabilized by cement to reduce leaching toxicity of heavy metals. Besides, mineralogical compositions of the product of different cement / ash ratios after conservation for different period were analyzed by means of XRD (X-ray diffraction). It was found that major mineralogical compositions CaCO3, Ca (0H)2 and C-H-S hydration products. Content of Ca (0H)2 and C-H-S rises with increase of conservation period and cement / ash ratio.

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Ginneken, Luc Van, Erik Meers, Ruben Guisson, Ann Ruttens, Kathy Elst, Filip M. G. Tack, Jaco Vangronsveld, Ludo Diels, and Winnie Dejonghe. "PHYTOREMEDIATION FOR HEAVY METAL‐CONTAMINATED SOILS COMBINED WITH BIOENERGY PRODUCTION." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 15, no. 4 (December 31, 2007): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2007.9636935.

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In June 2007, a project started in Flanders (Belgium) in which we will apply phytoremediation to clean soils that are diffusely polluted with heavy metals. Uptake ranges of heavy metals by rape seed, maize and wheat will be enhanced by increasing the bioavailability of these heavy metals by the addition of biodegradable physico‐chemical agents and by stimulating the heavy‐metal uptake capacity of the microbial community in and around the plant. In addition, the harvested biomass crops will be converted into bioenergy by using different energy‐recovery‐techniques. The energy and heavy metal mass balances will be compared for four different energy‐recovery techniques (anaerobic digestion, incineration, gasification and production of biodiesel). The overall information obtained will result in an economic evaluation of the use of phytoremediation combined with bioenergy production for the remediation of sites which are diffusely polluted with heavy metals. In the present review we will first explain the most important research steps investigated in our phytoremediation project. Secondly, an overview of literature discussing the phytoremediation capacity of rape seed to clean soils that are contaminated with heavy metals and the possibilities to produce biodiesel from this (heavy metal polluted) rape seed will be discussed in more detail.

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de Figueiredo, João Cura D'Ars, Juliana Alves dos Santos Oliveira, Gláucia Silva Marques de Souza, Yacy-Ara Froner, Luiz A. C. Souza, and Andrés Zarankin. "Characterization of corrosion products on metals excavated from seal hunters' occupation in Antarctica in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries." Studies in Conservation 60, no. 3 (May 19, 2014): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2047058414y.0000000138.

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Fisher, Brian T., Howard A. Johnsen, Steven G. Buckley, and David W. Hahn. "Temporal Gating for the Optimization of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Detection and Analysis of Toxic Metals." Applied Spectroscopy 55, no. 10 (October 2001): 1312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702011953667.

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Optimal temporal gating for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis was investigated for a select group of toxic metals, namely the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury. The differing rates of decay between the continuum plasma emission and the atomic emission were used as a means to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the atomic emission lines for these six metal species. Detection windows were investigated corresponding to delay times from 2 to 50 μs following the plasma-initiating laser pulse. For the current experimental conditions, it is concluded that the relatively short delay time of 12 μs is optimal for the detection of arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, and mercury, while a longer delay time of 50 μs is optimal for the detection of chromium and lead. The reduced atomic emission intensity at relatively long delay times is compensated for by the use of long detector gate widths. Estimated detection limits are reported for the six metal species based on the optimized temporal gating and ensemble averaging of multiple laser pulses, and the implications for simultaneous metals monitoring are discussed.

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Xiong, X., F. Stagnitti, N. Turoczy, G. Allinson, P. Li, J. Nieber, T. S. Steenhuis, et al. "Competitive sorption of metals in water repellent soils: Implications for irrigation recycled water." Soil Research 43, no. 3 (2005): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr04086.

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Australia is a water-stressed nation and demand on potable water supply is increasing. Consequently water conservation and reuse are increasingly becoming important. Irrigation of recycled wastewater on water repellent soils is a technology that is being trialled as a means of improving crop production and conserving potable supply. However, recycled water contains potentially harmful heavy metals. This paper reports the competitive sorption and desorption of several common heavy metals found in soils collected from a farm located in the south-east of South Australia. The soil from this location is severely water repellent, but some sites were amended with kaolinite clay (Si4Al4O10(OH)8) about 7 and 15 years ago. The metals studied were Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn. Competitive sorption of the metals was distinctly observed. For all heavy metals, the quantity of metal sorbed was higher in amended soil, and there was a strong correlation between the specific sorption to total sorption ratio and the amount of clay in the soil. The sorption intensities varied with metal, Cr, Pb, and Cu having a high sorption tendencies and Zn, Cd, and Ni having comparatively low sorption tendencies. The total sorption capacity for all metals increased in clay-treated soils compared with non-treated soils. On average, clay-amended water repellent soils had a 20–40% increased capacity to adsorb total metals; however, this increase was largely caused by the increased capacities to adsorb Zn, Cd, and Ni. The effect of clay treatment largely enhanced the sorption capacity of relatively weakly adsorbing heavy metals. The implications for using recycled wastewater on the long-term sustainable agro-environmental management of these soils are discussed.

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Zeng, Feng, and Xiao Yu Zhang. "Study on the Prediction Model and Software of Heavy Metals Pollutant in Coal-Burning Power Plants." Advanced Materials Research 322 (August 2011): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.322.381.

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It established a model for estimating the concentrations of heavy metals pollutants in exhaust gas and waste water from coal-burning power plants. By studying the sources, forming processes and the probable effects to environment of the main heavy metals pollutants(（Hg，As，Cd，Pb，Cr）)in exhaust gas and waste water from coal burning power plants. The prediction of heavy metals pollutants in exhaust gas was based on conventional calculating model. The key factors were ascertained, the material conservation theory and the on-line data of coal quality were used to build the formula for calculating the quantity and the concentration of the gas contaminants. The predict of heavy metals pollutants in water had aimed at the status of ash-flushing system in power plants, ash-water in two different types ash-flushing systems was researched separately. Not only the material conservation for macroscopically consideration, but also several chemical reaction that probably exit in ash-water were took into account. The power plant monitor and prediction software using VB and access database were developed based on the above prediction model.

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Belford, Paul. "Metals and Metalworking: The Changing Role of Archaeometallurgy in British Archaeological Practice." Historic Environment: Policy & Practice 3, no. 2 (October 2012): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1756750512z.00000000015.

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Glassford, Mark, Jean-Maric Teutonico, and Kate MacDonald. "English Heritage Research Transactions, Research and Case Studies in Architectural Conservation, Vol. 1: Metals." APT Bulletin 31, no. 4 (2000): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1504680.

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Martin, William F. "Hydrogen, metals, bifurcating electrons, and proton gradients: The early evolution of biological energy conservation." FEBS Letters 586, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2011.09.031.

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Barrio, Joaquín, Jorge Chamón, Ana Isabel Pardo, and Margarita Arroyo. "Electrochemical techniques applied to the conservation of archaeological metals from Spain: a historical review." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 13, no. 11 (June 12, 2009): 1767–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-009-0876-4.

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41

Hejna, Monika, Elisabetta Onelli, Alessandra Moscatelli, Maurizio Bellotto, Cinzia Cristiani, Nadia Stroppa, and Luciana Rossi. "Heavy-Metal Phytoremediation from Livestock Wastewater and Exploitation of Exhausted Biomass." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052239.

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Sustainable agriculture is aimed at long-term crop and livestock production with a minimal impact on the environment. However, agricultural practices from animal production can contribute to global pollution due to heavy metals from the feed additives that are used to ensure the nutritional requirements and also promote animal health and optimize production. The bioavailability of essential mineral sources is limited; thus, the metals are widely found in the manure. Via the manure, metallic ions can contaminate livestock wastewater, drastically reducing its potential recycling for irrigation. Phytoremediation, which is an efficient and cost-effective cleanup technique, could be implemented to reduce the wastewater pollution from livestock production, in order to maintain the water conservation. Plants use various strategies for the absorption and translocation of heavy metals, and they have been widely used to remediate livestock wastewater. In addition, the pollutants concentrated in the plants can be exhausted and used as heat to enhance plant growth and further concentrate the metals, making recycling a possible option. The biomass of the plants can also be used for biogas production in anaerobic fermentation. Combining phytoremediation and biorefinery processes would add value to both approaches and facilitate metal recovery. This review focuses on the concept of agro-ecology, specifically the excessive use of heavy metals in animal production, the various techniques and adaptations of the heavy-metal phytoremediation from livestock wastewater, and further applications of exhausted phytoremediated biomass.

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Lacerda, Feliphe Souza de Alencar, Ermeton do Nascimento Duarte, and Magnólia Florêncio de Araújo Fernandes. "Microbiology for environmental conservation: a systematic review of bioremediation of heavy metals by Chromobacterium violaceum." Gaia Scientia 10, no. 4 (2016): 408–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21707/gs.v10.n04a32.

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The release of metals in ecosystems results in not only environmental damage, but also harm to the health and quality of human life. This study aims to compare and discuss the research evolution performed worldwide, which made use of the potential of Chromobacterium violaceum for bioremediation of heavy metals. The study consists of a systematic review, limited to research published between 2001 and 2015, using LILACS, PubMed, and SciELO databases. The bioleaching technique was further discussed; gold was the bioremediated substrate most mentioned, and cyanidation was the prevalent phenotypic mechanism. Genetic mechanisms were mentioned in 29.4% of the publications, and among proteins transcribed by C. violaceum 18.3% were hypothetical. The adaptive versatility of C. violaceum reveals its great biotechnological potential on environmental pollution by heavy metals, favoring environmental conservation. However, the high number of hypothetical ORFs (Open Reading Frame) highlights the need for further research.

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43

Taler, Dawid. "Semi-empirical heat transfer correlations for turbulent tube flow of liquid metals." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 28, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-09-2017-0367.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop new semi-empirical heat transfer correlations for turbulent flow of liquid metals in the tubes, and then to compare these correlations with the experimental data. The Prandtl and Reynolds numbers can vary in the ranges: 0.0001 ≤ Pr ≤ 0.1 and 3000 ≤ Re ≤ 106. Design/methodology/approach The energy conservation equation averaged by Reynolds was integrated using the universal velocity profile determined experimentally by Reichardt for the turbulent tube flow and four different models for the turbulent Prandtl number. Turbulent heat transfer in the circular tube was analyzed for a constant heat flux at the inner surface. Some constants in different models for the turbulent Prandtl number were adjusted to obtain good agreement between calculated and experimentally obtained Nusselt numbers. Subsequently, new correlations for the Nusselt number as a function of a Peclet number was proposed for different models of the turbulent Prandtl number. Findings The inclusion of turbulent Prandtl number greater than one and the experimentally determined velocity profile of the fluid in the tube while solving the energy conservation equation improved the compatibility of calculated Nusselt numbers, with Nusselt numbers determined experimentally. The correlations proposed in the paper have a sound theoretical basis and give Nusselt number values that are in good agreement with the experimental data. Research limitations/implications Heat transfer correlations proposed in this paper were derived assuming a constant heat flux at the inner surface of the tube. However, they can also be used for a constant wall temperature, as for the turbulent flow (Re > 3,000), the relative difference between the Nusselt number for uniform wall heat flux and uniform wall temperature is very low. Originality/value Unified, systematic approach to derive correlations for the Nusselt number for liquid metals was proposed in the paper. The Nusselt number was obtained from the solution of the energy conservation equation using the universal velocity profile and eddy diffusivity determined experimentally, and various models for the turbulent Prandtl number. Four different relationships for the Nusselt number proposed in the paper were compared with the experimental data.

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Afonin, S. Z., Yu S. Yusfin, P. I. Chernousov, and S. V. Murinets. "Energy conservation in ferrous metallurgy." Metallurgist 42, no. 8 (August 1998): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02511802.

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Muhammad, Muhammad, Shelly Anggi Pratiwi, Thaib Rizwan, and Zulkarnain Jalil. "Heavy metal content in pumpkin pond of Kutaraja Fishing Port Banda Aceh." Depik 10, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/depik.10.2.20943.

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Fishing port scan support fishery resources management by incorporating social-economic activities to improve the local community's welfare; however, it can also negatively impact the environment by increasing waste pollution to the surrounding waters. Kutaraja Fishing Port, Banda Aceh, is one of the active fishing ports that conduct multiple activities, such as industrials, transportations, and domestic activities threatening the environment through the production of pollution such as heavy metals. The purpose of this study is to determine the concentration of heavy metals Zinc (Zn) and Chromium (Cr) and the sediment contamination level in the Kutaraja Fishing Port, Banda Aceh. This research was conducted in February 2021 at the water site of Samudra Kutaraja Fishing Port, Banda Aceh, and sampled sediments using the purposive sampling method. Samples were then analyzed for heavy metal concentration using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) instrument in the laboratory of the Aceh Industrial Research and Standardization Center (BARISTAND). The results showed that the concentration of heavy metal Zn ranged from 15.6507 - 27.2939 mg/kg. The majority of heavy metal Cr concentrations were below the test limit of 0.000, except at station 2, which was 9.1212. Both heavy metal concentrations are still categorized as low contamination criteria and still below the Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC, 2000) and the Canadian Council of Ministers for the Environment (CCME, 2002). This research proved that both heavy metals do not threaten the biota and have a low contamination level in the waters.Keywords:SedimentHeavy metal (Zn)Heavy metal (Cr)Atomic-absorptionSpectro-photometerAssessment

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VASAREVIČIUS, Saulius, Gintautas SKRIPKIŪNAS, and Vaidotas DANILA. "EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH INTO LEACHING OF METALS FROM IMMOBILIZED CIS SOLAR MODULE WASTE." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 24, no. 4 (December 16, 2016): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2016.1198262.

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The aim of this research is to determine metal leaching from concrete specimens containing different quantities of waste recovered from copper indium selenide (CIS) solar module by replacing a certain share of sand aggregate. During the first stage of research the CIS solar module was shredded and leaching tests were performed on recovered waste by analysing six metals – Na, Mg, Fe, Cd, Cu and Zn. It has been determined that out of all metals analysed, the highest leaching was observed for sodium, while the highest leaching out of the heavy metals was found for zinc. In Phase II of the study concrete specimens with shredded CIS module waste were made and the physical properties of these specimens as well as the leaching of the same metals was determined. The results have shown that three metals, namely Fe, Cd, Zn, were successfully immobilised and did not leach from the specimens.

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47

Li, Ming-zhou, Jie-min Zhou, Chang-ren Tong, Wen-hai Zhang, and He-song Li. "Mathematical model of whole-process calculation for bottom-blowing copper smelting." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 1 (November 20, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2017078.

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The distribution law of materials in smelting products is key to cost accounting and contaminant control. Regardless, the distribution law is difficult to determine quickly and accurately by mere sampling and analysis. Mathematical models for material and heat balance in bottom-blowing smelting, converting, anode furnace refining, and electrolytic refining were established based on the principles of material (element) conservation, energy conservation, and control index constraint in copper bottom-blowing smelting. Simulation of the entire process of bottom-blowing copper smelting was established using a self-developed MetCal software platform. A whole-process simulation for an enterprise in China was then conducted. Results indicated that the quantity and composition information of unknown materials, as well as heat balance information, can be quickly calculated using the model. Comparison of production data revealed that the model can basically reflect the distribution law of the materials in bottom-blowing copper smelting. This finding provides theoretical guidance for mastering the performance of the entire process.

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Pusz, Agnieszka, Magdalena Wiśniewska, and Dominik Rogalski. "Assessment of the Accumulation Ability of Festuca rubra L. and Alyssum saxatile L. Tested on Soils Contaminated with Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, and Cu." Resources 10, no. 5 (May 9, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10050046.

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The contamination of soils with metals applies, in particular, to areas related to industry, the mining of raw materials and ores, transport, and agriculture. Unlike organic materials, metals cannot degrade over time and need to be reduced, removed, or immobilized in soil. One of the remediation methods for soils contaminated with metals is phytoextraction, which uses plants’ ability to accumulate metals in their own tissues. Metals enter the plant organism through the roots and are transported to the aboveground parts, where they are accumulated. In this study, we evaluated the phytoaccumulative abilities of two plant species tested on soils from industrial areas contaminated with metals to different extents (Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, and Cu). The research was conducted for three years under the conditions of a pot experiment. In order to obtain four soils with varying degrees of metal contamination, two soils from industrial areas, G1 (contaminated) and G2 (uncontaminated), were mixed in the following ratios: 1:1, 1:3, 1:7, and 1:9. In the phytoremediation process, Festuca rubra L. and Alyssum saxatile L. were tested. After analyzing the results of the bioconcentration factor (BCF) for the tested plants, it was noted that both of the tested plants accumulated Cd and Zn more easily, followed by Cu, Ni, and Cr, and then Pb to a lesser extent. The values of factors for Cd and Zn were correlated with the high mobility of these elements compared to other metals and their relatively easy uptake by plants. Alyssum saxatile L. has an ability to accumulate Cd compared to Festuca rubra L., which is confirmed by the BCF (0.764) and transfer factor (TF) (3.5) (for 1:7 combination) values. The calculated results for the BCFs for Alyssum saxatile L. are less than one for all tested metals, which allows us to state that Alyssum saxatile L. is not an accumulator.

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To, Naoki, Saulius Juodkazis, and Yoshiaki Nishijima. "Detailed Experiment-Theory Comparison of Mid-Infrared Metasurface Perfect Absorbers." Micromachines 11, no. 4 (April 14, 2020): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11040409.

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Realisation of a perfect absorber A = 1 with transmittance and reflectance T = R = 0 by a thin metasurface is one of the hot topics in recent nanophotonics prompted by energy harvesting and sensor applications ( A + R + T = 1 is the energy conservation). Here we tested the optical properties of over 400 structures of metal–insulator–metal (MIM) metasurfaces for a range of variation in thickness of insulator, diameter of a disc and intra-disc distance both experimentally and numerically. Conditions of a near perfect absorption A > 95 % with simultaneously occurring anti-reflection property ( R < 5 % ) was experimentally determined. Differences between the bulk vs. nano-thin film properties at mid-IR of the used materials can be of interest for plasmonic multi-metal alloys and high entropy metals.

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MANCINELLI, Enrico, Edita BALTRĖNAITĖ, Pranas BALTRĖNAS, Dainius PALIULIS, Giorgio PASSERINI, and Åsgeir R. ALMÅS. "TRACE METAL CONCENTRATION AND SPECIATION IN STORM WATER RUNOFF ON IMPERVIOUS SURFACES." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 23, no. 1 (March 13, 2015): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2014.936441.

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Urban storm water runoff (USWR) often transports various trace metals, affecting the quality of receiving waters. Metal concentration and speciation in USWR were investigated by analysing data collected during a storm event on 19 July 2012. USWR samples were taken from a low–traffic intensity road, a pathway in a car–free pedestrian zone, and a galvanized metal roof located in the area of Vingio Park in the city of Vilnius, Lithuania. The metals were mostly in the insoluble form at all three sites, being more than 80% the total amount measured, irrespective of the water quality characteristics and types of surface area. The partitioning coefficient (log Kd) of trace metals decreases in the order Zn > Cu ≈ Mn ≈ Pb >> Cd. The USWR types characterized by a higher pH or dissolved organic carbon(DOC) concentration produced a higher fraction of Cd, Mn, Pb, and Zn bound to fulvic acids (FA).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Metals conservation'

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