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Laurinaitis, Domas, and Aušra Zigmontienė. "RESEARCH ANALYSIS OF VERMICOMPOST INFLUENCE ON BIOACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN COMMON MEADOW-GRASS (POA PRATENSIS) / VERMIKOMPOSTO ĮTAKOS SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ BIOAKUMULIACIJAI PIEVINĖJE MIGLĖJE (POA PRATENSIS) TYRIMŲ ANALIZĖ." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 8, no. 4 (October 24, 2016): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2016.953.
The more intensive growth of agricultural crops adding mineral fertilizers, environmental pollution make the soil degraded: reduce the fertility of soil, increase the concentration of heavy metals. Especially dangerous is a common, synergistic effect of heavy metals. Vermicompost optimizes pH, texture and organic material content – the soil indicators, which are the major contributors to migration of heavy metals in the soil and to the plants from it. In the article there is an investigation of vermicompost influence on bioaccumulation of heavy metals in common meadow-grass. After experimental research it is determined that immobilization of heavy metals was the best in soil-vermicompost substrate, prepared in a ratio 1:2. The cadmium (Cd) concentrations were lowest and the difference of HM content determined between roots and shoots was the most in biomass grown up in that mixture. In the underground part of plant the concentration equal to 11.10 mg/kg and in the part of above ground – 1.05 mg/kg. The situation of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) is analogous. This is the optimal ratio of mixture preparation. Intensyvesnis žemės ūkio kultūrų auginimas, tręšiant mineralinėmis trąšomis, aplinkos tarša nualina dirvožemį: sumažėja dirvožemio derlingumas, didėja sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos. Ypač pavojingas bendras, sinergetinis sunkiųjų metalų poveikis. Vermikompostas optimizuoja dirvožemio pH, granuliometrinę sudėtį, organinės medžiagos kiekį – rodiklius, nuo kurių labiausiai priklauso sunkiųjų metalų migracija dirvožemyje ir iš jo į augalus. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama vermikomposto įtaka sunkiųjų metalų bioakumuliacijai pievinėje miglėje. Atlikus eksperimentinį tyrimą nustatyta, kad geriausiai sunkiuosius metalus „surakino“ dirvožemio-vermikomposto substratas, paruoštas santykiu 1:2. Tame mišinyje užaugintoje biomasėje kadmio (Cd) koncentracijos buvo mažiausios, o skirtumas tarp SM kiekio nustatyto šaknyse ir ūgliuose didžiausias. Požeminėje augalo dalyje koncentracija lygi 11,10 mg/kg, o antžeminėje – 1,05 mg/kg. Švino (Pb) ir vario (Cu) atvejais situacija yra analogiška. Tai optimalus mišinio ruošimo santykis.
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Okochi, Haruno. "Chemical analysis of metals." Bulletin of the Japan Institute of Metals 26, no. 7 (1987): 683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia1962.26.683.
Watkins, Clinton, and Michael McAleer. "Cointegration analysis of metals futures." Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 59, no. 1-3 (May 2002): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4754(01)00409-8.
Oliveira Brett, Ana Maria, Christopher M. A. Brett, Frank-Michael Matysik, and Silke Matysik. "Sonoelectrochemical analysis of trace metals." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 4, no. 2 (April 1997): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4177(97)00015-1.
Burkhanov, G. S. "Physicochemical analysis in metals science." Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 55, no. 11 (November 2010): 1703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036023610110082.
Pridhvi Krishna, Gaddey, and Raja Sundararajan. "A REVIEW ON MULTI-ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT SAMPLES BY ICP-OES." YMER Digital 21, no. 06 (June 16, 2022): 461–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.06/45.
Heavy metals over acceptable limits established by the world health organization can source complications to human beings and animal life in the environment. Several analytical approaches have been established to screen the air, water, food quality by tracing different heavy metal ions in samples. The review work begins with the introduction of pharmaceutical analysis, including metal's effect on the body and various instruments used in the heavy metal determination. The potential of ICP-OES to sense heavy metal ions was discussed. This review article provides an impression of the metals present in the environment and their detection through ICP-OES. In addition, recapitulates the body of work on heavy metal determination in the previous years using ICP-OES. The strengths and limitations of ICPOES have also been conversed. The review illustrates that ICP-OES has great prospective in heavy metal ion determination. Keywords: ICP-OES, Heavy elements, Multi-element determination, Plasma, Metals
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Akyuz, Burak, and Don McKay. "Quantitative Chemical Analysis of Metals in Failure Analysis." Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 22, no. 1 (February 2022): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11668-021-01327-z.
The article deals with the application of optimal portfolio theory and pair trading theory on the metals futures market. Advantages of the futures market over the spot market include relatively small initial price, low transaction costs, and high volatility. The main aim of the study is to explore the potential of both strategies for effective trading. The following financial instruments were chosen as the inputs of the models: futures on industrial metals (aluminum, copper, nickel, zinc, lead, tin), futures on precious metals (gold and silver). When building the optimal portfolio, it was decided to include Dow Jones Index futures and S&P Index futures among metals. This is because these instruments are extremely volatile and may play the role of a hedge in the portfolio. A drawdown indicator was used to assess the effectiveness of each strategy. The results show that both strategies can be applied on the real-life market. The final choice will depend on the level of risk taking by investors and the desired value of return.
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Jones, Reese E., Jeremy A. Templeton, Gregory J. Wagner, David Olmsted, and Nomand A. Modine. "Electron transport enhanced molecular dynamics for metals and semi-metals." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 83, no. 8-9 (March 19, 2010): 940–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.2857.
The carboxy terminal of the γ-chain of human fibrinogen contains at least three biologically. important functional domains: (i) the fibrinogen γ-chain polymerisation centre, (ii) the platelet receptor domain and (iii) the site for staphyloccocal clumping. The nature of the site specificity of these interactions necessitates the existence of a preferred conformation for this region, the nature of which has yet to be clearly established. A novel zinc metalloproteinase isolated from puff adder venom (PAV protease) capable of specifically cleaving the di-γ-chain of transglutaminase (Factor XIIIa) catalysed crosslinked plasmin derived D-dimer into apparently symmetrical monomers has been described. The activity is fibrin specific and displays an unusual site specificity for the γ-carboxy terminal domains within the crosslink region. The activity was reported to be potentiated by zinc. The effect of zinc on the digestion of D-dimer by PAV protease was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and by a fluorimetric technique utilising a fluorescent dansylcadaverine conjugate of the substrate (f-D-dimer). A differential zinc binding study determined that the potentiation of activity by zinc was due to a zinc-substrate rather than a zinc-enzyme interaction. The binding constant for zinc to D-dimer was determined by Scatchard analysis of zinc titration data. The interaction of zinc and f-D-dimer was confirmed by fluorescence anisotropy determinations. The nature of the coordination capsule around the metal cation was determined by examining a cobalt-fibrin-D-dimer complex and characterising the difference visible absorption spectrum thereof. The donor ligands from the D-dimer fragment for the metal ion were determined as histidines by examining zinc(II) and cobalt(II) binding to diethylpyrocarbonate modified fibrin-D-dimer and hydroxylamine treated DEPC-fibrin-D-dimer. Through this study it has been established that the PAV protease cleavage of the di-γ-chain of the plasmin derived D-dimer fragment is potentiated by zinc(II) ions through the formation of a novel zinc determined conformation of fibrin-D-dimer. This presents the possibility of a fibrinspecific neo-epitope being manifested in the presence of zinc ions that could provide a means to determine fibrin degradation products more specifically. A model for the neo-epitope has been proposed.
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Kocak, Ozgur. "Analysis Of The Formability Of Metals." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1178714/index.pdf.
Workpieces during cold forging fail basically due to ductile fracture. Ductile fracture can be predicted by damage models. In this study, various damage models such as Cockcroft & Latham, McClintock, Freudenthal, Rice & Tracy, Oyane, Ayada, Brozzo are investigated for their applicability to three workpiece materials: bearing steel (100Cr6), stainless steel (X5CrNiMo1810) and brass (CuZn39). The damage material parameters have been obtained by various tests such as tensile, standard compression, ring compression, compression with flanges and conical compression tests. The characterization has been assisted by finite element simulation of the various tests. It has been shown that the available damage models can predict the location of failure satisfactorily but are no able to predict the onset of failure quantitatively. Keywords: Formability Limit, Failure Criteria, Cold Forming, Surface Cracks, Finite Element Analysis
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Thuramalla, Naveen. "Multiscale modeling and analysis of failure and stability during super plastic deformation -- under different loading conditions." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2004. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukymeen2004t00171/NAVEEN.pdf.
Thesis (m.s.)--University of Kentucky, 2004. Title from document title page (viewed Jan. 5, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains x, 112p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Dangolle, Champa D. P. "Some aspects of trace analysis of metals." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318885.
Mirmasoudi, Sara. "High Temperature Transient Creep Analysis of Metals." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1452693927.
Lambidis, Elisavet. "Synthesis and photophysical studies of metal complexes for biological applications /Lambidis Elisavet." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/346.
Nowadays the necessity for designing and synthesizing novel imaging agents increases rapidly. The long wavelength, and thus, low energy, of excitation and emission, and the good specificity and stability are examples of essential characteristics of ideal diagnostic and therapeutic agents. In this work, the synthesis and photophysical studies of metal complexes for biological applications were performed and evaluated, and it contained the development of (a) a porphyrin probe for imaging and treatment and (b) a tripodal thermal sensor for imaging. The research and study of the two cases of complex is analyzed in the second and third chapters, respectively, which follow the introduction or literature review to the diagnostic and/ or therapeutic agents which is given with examples in the first chapter. The scope of the main project, which is analysed in the second chapter, was the development and synthesis of a porphyrin-based bio-probe capable of bacterial fluorescence imaging. The porphyrin moiety of a complex is also able to generate singlet oxygen and this effect can be used for treatment purposes (PDT, Photodynamic Therapy). Thus, the complex can act as a diagnostic and therapeutic (anti-bacterial in this case) agent simultaneously. A probe with such a dual capability is known as theranostic agent. A theranostic agent is crucial for the enhancement and expansion of personalised medicine. The studies and physical measurements of the proposed, synthesised porphyrin complex have proved its capability to be used as a theranostic probe. Furthermore, after coupling the porphyrin moiety firstly with a small protein part (ampetoid: antimicrobial peptoid) and secondly with a radionuclide (Gallium-68), the in vitro and in vivo studies have to be performed. The aim of the project analysed in the third chapter was the development of a thermal sensor. Coordination of a tripodal ligand with a mixture of two lanthanides in various ratios was achieved and the photophysical measurements of the resulted complexes were evaluated. Lanthanide metals were chosen due to their unique photophysical properties that they offer when they are connected to an organic chomophoric ligand. Additionally, the preferred final luminophore product would obey a thermostable structure over a wide temperature range and it would be capable of effectively sensing the alterations in temperature. These properties were true for the ratio 99.5:0.5 for Terbium: Europium, and thus, the complex with such a consistency clarified the final product. Furthermore, the highly promising results after repeatedly photophysical (especially emission) measurements could conclude that the complex can be served as an ideal thermal sensor. Additional emission measurements at higher temperatures have to be done in order to confirm the ability of the proposed thermal sensor to be used for bio-imaging purposes. In conclusion, two-kind of metal complexes for biological applications were synthesized and their photophysical properties were assessed. Both the bulky porphyrin complex and the smaller tripodal ligand have shown promising results for their proposed applications. Of course, a more detailed assessment is required to verify their capability.
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Al-Attar, A. F. "Selenium and trace metals as pollutants." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/1858b91b-362e-422f-b91c-84aa44e23e90.
Sadjadi, Seyedabdolreza. "Ab initio relativistic-consistent calculations and charge density and experimental mass-spectroscopic analysis of mono and poly-nuclearclusters of group 11 and 12 transition metals and metal chlorides: ySeyedabdolreza Sadjadi." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B5060577X.
The electron density function of molecular systems supplies a package of information. Quantum mechanical methods of producing and analyzing this function have been significantly improved during the past few years. The advent of accurate pseudopotentials and corresponding basis sets for Kohn-Sham density functional and for post-Hartree-Fock electron-correlated approaches have enabled the inclusion of scalar relativistic and spin-orbit coupling effects as well as electron correlation effects into the electron density function. The unpacking of the information embedded in such a function via the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) became possible by utilizing the very new subshell fitting method of reconstructing the density distribution of core electrons that had been replaced by the pseudopotentials.
These theoretical advances were applied in this thesis to characterize and explore the topological features of metal-metal bonding as one of the fundamental types of bonds formed between two elements. Group 11 and 12 transition metals which include gold and mercury as the most relativistic elements were the main focus of this work. Mono and poly-nuclear compounds (with up to 4 metal atoms) in both pure metal clusters and chloro-complexes were studied by ab initio MØller-Plesset perturbation calculations followed by QTAIM analysis on the relaxed density. Some of these chloro-complexes of copper, gold, zinc and cadmium metals were identified in the gas phase by mass spectrometric experiments. The general formulas of the set of molecules studied in group 11 were : M2, MCl, MCl+, MCl2, MCl2+, M2Cl+, M2Cl2^(s+), M2Cl3+, M3Cl2+, M3Cl3+, M3Cl5+, M4Cl5+ and M4Cl7+ and in group 12 were : M2, MCl, MCl+, MCl2, M2Cl3+, M3Cl5+, M4Cl7+ and M2^(s+). The topological features of metal-metal bonding were calculated along with atomic properties for each individual local minimum isomer found. The comparison of
the metal-metal bonding within the complexes and with the dimers revealed new
features of metal-metal bonding in 3d, 4d and 5d transition metal elements of
groups 11 and 12. With the aid of strong correlation between bond dissociation
energy and electron density at the location of the bond critical points found in the
case of dimers, the strength of the metal-metal bonding in the complexes was
estimated. The electron density’s basin properties calculated accurately for all the
clusters and their isomers in this thesis provided more insight also into the nature
of M-Cl bondings in the group 11 and 12 chloride clusters. Ultimately the bonding
information was used to predict the viability of these clusters in the gas phase. published_or_final_version Chemistry Doctoral Doctor of Philosophy
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Jones, Matthew Kenneth. "Multiscale Analysis of Void Coalescence in Ductile Metals." MSSTATE, 2004. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11112004-165827/.
A mulitscale approach is used to model the coalescence of voids. At the microscale, cylindrical and spherical voids in nickel and the magnesium alloy AM60 are simulated through finite element analyses. The nickel cylindrical void simulations are compared to a set of experiments to validate this micromechanical finite element approach used to study void coalescence. At the macroscale, the coalescence portion of a microstructure-property material model is modified to reflect the behavior of three-dimensional spherical voids using results from the micromechanical simulations. An analysis of an automotive component illustrates the influence of void coalescence at the structural scale.
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Bond, Philip Harvey. "Analysis of flexible interlayers between metals and ceramics." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282713.
Coyle, FT, ed. Chemical Analysis of Metals. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp944-eb.
Švancara, Ivan, and Zuzana Navrátilová. "Metals." In Environmental Analysis by Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors, 781–825. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1301-5_5.
Zoecklein, Bruce W., Kenneth C. Fugelsang, Barry H. Gump, and Fred S. Nury. "Metals, Cations, and Anions." In Wine Analysis and Production, 199–208. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6967-8_12.
Zoecklein, Bruce W., Kenneth C. Fugelsang, Barry H. Gump, and Fred S. Nury. "Metals, Cations, and Anions." In Wine Analysis and Production, 199–208. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6978-4_12.
Boubaker, Moez Ben, Donald Picard, Carl Duchesne, Jayson Tessier, Houshang Alamdari, and Mario Fafard. "Non-Destructive Testing of Baked Anodes Based on Modal Analysis and Principal Component Analysis." In Light Metals 2017, 1289–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51541-0_154.
Lauzon-Gauthier, Julien, Carl Duchesne, and Jayson Tessier. "Texture Analysis Of Anode Paste Images." In Light Metals 2014, 1123–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48144-9_187.
Belt, Cynthia K. "Business Analysis of Total Refractory Costs." In Light Metals 2011, 1205–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48160-9_204.
Leosson, Kristjan, Rauan Meirbekova, Sveinn Hinrik Gudmundsson, and Georges Salloum-Abou-Jaoude. "Continuous Chemical Analysis of Molten Aluminum." In Light Metals 2022, 723–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92529-1_95.
Belt, Cynthia K. "Business Analysis of Total Refractory Costs." In Light Metals 2011, 1205–10. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118061992.ch204.
Aarhaug, Thor A., Kalman Nagy, and Kieran G. Smith. "Potentiometric Fluoride Analysis with Improved Analytical Performance." In Light Metals 2012, 769–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48179-1_132.
Vander Wal, Randall L., Thomas M. Ticich, and Joseph R. West, Jr. "Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of trace metals." In Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacea.2000.sud3.
Cremers, D. A. "Elemental Analysis of Metals at Distances up to 2.4 Meters Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1987.wa4.
The laser spark has been used extensively in the laboratory to provide an elemental analysis of metals.1 This method, called Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)2, uses a laser spark to vaporize and excite a material. The spark light is then spectrally and temporally resolved, as in other methods of atomic emission spectroscopy, to determine the elemental composition. The method has many potential advantages over more common laboratory-based methods like atomic absorption spectroscopy and the inductively coupled plasma. These advantages include simplicity, minimal sample preparation, possibility of non-invasive and in-situ analysis, and rapid response. On the other hand, the accuracy and precision of LIBS measurements are generally inferior to the laboratory methods thereby cancelling somewhat the advantages of LIBS for routine analyses. In some field-based applications, however, a high degree of analytical performance may not be required. These include prospecting, industrial process control monitoring, and metal identification. The latter area, which includes alloy sorting and identification of stockpiled metals, offers the best chance for immediate application and so has been examined in detail.
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Erman Erkan, Turan, and Adil Gürsel Karaçor. "Quantitative Predictability Analysis of Precious Metals." In 4th international conference on knowledge and innovation in Engineering, Science and Technology. Acavent, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/4kiconf.2018.12.20.
Tuccillo, Mary Ellen. "Analysis of Heavy Metals in Stormwater." In Engineering Foundation Conference 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40602(263)43.
Coles, L. A., A. Roy, V. V. Silberschmidt, B. M. Novac, T. Alotaibi, P. Senior, and I. R. Smith. "Analysis of pulsed electroplasticity in metals." In 2017 IEEE 21st International Conference on Pulsed Power (PPC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ppc.2017.8291317.
Böhm, Martin, Klára Kobetičová, Jan Fořt, and Robert Černý. "Determination of metals leakage from rubber granulate." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS ICNAAM 2020. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0081340.
FORNALCZYK, Agnieszka, Joanna WILLNER, Magdalena JABLONSKA-CZAPLA, Katarzyna GRYGOYC, and Marzena RACHWAL. "Analysis of the content of Technology Critical Metals in the e-waste." In METAL 2022. TANGER Ltd., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2022.4516.
Reschikov, S. A., D. S. Denisov, V. M. Korotash, A. N. Strelnikov, and D. V. Kokourov. "The Analysis of Wear Metals in Oils." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Aviamechanical Engineering and Transport (AviaENT 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aviaent-19.2019.60.
Lu, Xinsheng, Jing Qin, Changfa Qian, and Xuemei Yuan. "Multifractal analysis of China's metals futures markets." In International Conference of Information Science and Management Engineering. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/isme20142362.
Lieberman, Steve, David S. Knowles, Greg A. Theriault, and Michele Davey. "Remote Spectroscopy over Optical Fibers for In Situ Measurement of Contaminants in Soil." In Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacea.1996.lthb.1.
Fiber optic-based sensor probes have been developed that can be pushed up to 50 meters into the soil for remote, real-time detection of petroleum hydrocarbons using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and metals via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).
Reports on the topic "Metals analysis":
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Alleman, Teresa, Lisa A. Fouts, and Earl D. Christensen. Metals Analysis of Biodiesel Blends. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1511818.
Lanford, William A. Nuclear Reaction Analysis of Hydrogen in Metals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada169032.
Clausen, Jay, Samuel Beal, Thomas Georgian, Kevin Gardner, Thomas Douglas, and Ashley Mossell. Effects of milling on the metals analysis of soil samples containing metallic residues. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41241.
Metallic residues are distributed heterogeneously onto small-arms range soils from projectile fragmentation upon impact with a target or berm backstop. Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM) can address the spatially heterogeneous contamination of surface soils on small-arms ranges, but representative kilogram-sized ISM subsamples are affected by the range of metallic residue particle sizes in the sample. This study compares the precision and concentrations of metals in a small-arms range soil sample processed by a puck mill, ring and puck mill, ball mill, and mortar and pestle prior to analysis. The ball mill, puck mill, and puck and ring mill produced acceptable relative standard deviations of less than 15% for the anthropogenic metals of interest (Lead (Pb), Antimony (Sb), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn)), with the ball mill exhibiting the greatest precision for Pb, Cu, and Zn. Precision by mortar and pestle, without milling, was considerably higher (40% to >100%) for anthropogenic metals. Media anthropogenic metal concentrations varied by more than 40% between milling methods, with the greatest concentrations produced by the puck mill, followed by the puck and ring mill and then the ball mill. Metal concentrations were also dependent on milling time, with concentrations stabilizing for the puck mill by 300 s but still increasing for the ball mill over 20 h. Differences in metal concentrations were not directly related to the surface area of the milled sample. Overall, the tested milling methods were successful in producing reproducible data for soils containing metallic residues. However, the effects of milling type and time on concentrations require consideration in environmental investigations.
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Essling, A. M., D. R. Huff, E. A. Huff, I. M. Fox, and D. G. Graczyk. Preparation of waste oil for analysis to determine hazardous metals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/100041.
Mahan, C. A., R. Villarreal, L. Drake, D. Figg, D. Wayne, and S. Goldstein. Development of TRU waste mobile analysis methods for RCRA-regulated metals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/334200.
FTHENAKIS, V. M., H. C. KIM, and W. WANG. LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY ANALYSIS IN THE PRODUCTION OF METALS USED IN PHOTOVOLTAICS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/909957.
Zalk, D. Metals Analysis Results for the Structural Qualification Test Series (SQTS) 01 - 05. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/919602.
Dobryn, D. G., A. L. Brisson, C. M. Lee, and S. M. Roll. Bio-leaching of toxic metals from geothermal waste. A preliminary engineering analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5293588.
D.D. Macdonald. On the Existence of Our Metals-Based Civilization: I. Phase Space Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/859069.
Grinfeld, Michael, John Niederhaus, and Andrew Porwitzky. Using the ALEGRA Code for Analysis of Quasi-Static Magnetization of Metals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada621899.
