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Journal articles on the topic 'Metallurgical powder'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Eck, R., H. P. Martinz, T. Sakaki, and M. Kato. "Powder metallurgical chromium." Materials Science and Engineering: A 120-121 (November 1989): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(89)90755-7.

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2

Liu, Na, Zhou Li, Hua Yuan, Wen Yong Xu, Yong Zhang, and Guo Qing Zhang. "Powder Metallurgical Processing of Ti6Al4V Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 1336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.1336.

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Ti6Al4V powders were produced by Argon gas atomization, the powder fraction ＜ 250μm was hot isostatically pressed (HIP) at 920°C and 140MPa. The properties of pre-alloyed powders and the compact were investigated in this paper. Powder particles are almost perfectly spherical. The microstructure of powder surface is approximate hexagonal cellular structure, the inner structure exhibits cellular αphase and needle-like martensiteα′ phase, these are resulting from the rapid solidification. After HIP, Ti6Al4V alloy has a Widmanstaten microstructure consisting of continuous grain boundary α（GBα）phase and β transformation structure, the grain size of GBα phase is in the range of 5～15μm . The tensile test at room temperature shows that strength of samples is 880MPa, the fracture surface exhibits obvious brittle cleavage fracture features including cleavage facets with river pattern and a few elongate dimples of different sizes and big voids at localized area.

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3

Liu, Hu Ran. "The Profile Calculation and the Best Fillet of Powder Metallurgical Gears." Materials Science Forum 694 (July 2011): 851–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.694.851.

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this paper researched the profile calculation and the best fillet of powder metallurgical gears. Different from the ordinary gears, we must research the locals of the cutter to make the die of the powder metallurgical gears. And it is possible to revise the fillet in order to increase the bending strength of the powder metallurgical gears.

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4

Jasper, Bruno, Jan W. Coenen, Johann Riesch, Till Höschen, Martin Bram, and Christian Linsmeier. "Powder Metallurgical Tungsten Fiber-Reinforced Tungsten." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.125.

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The composite material tungsten fiber-reinforced tungsten (Wf/W) addresses the brittleness of tungsten by extrinsic toughening through introduction of energy dissipation mechanisms. These mechanisms allow the release of stress peaks and thus improve the materials resistance against crack growth. Wf/W samples produced via chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) indeed show higher toughness in mechanical tests than pure tungsten. By utilizing powder metallurgy (PM) one could benefit from available industrialized approaches for composite production and alloying routes. In this contribution the PM method of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is used to produce Wf/W samples. A variety of measurements were conducted to verify the operation of the expected toughening mechanisms in HIP Wf/W composites. The interface debonding behavior was investigated in push-out tests. In addition, the mechanical properties of the matrix were investigated, in order to deepen the understanding of the complex interaction between the sample preparation and the resulting mechanical properties of the composite material. First HIP Wf/W single-fiber samples feature a compact matrix with densities of more than 99% of the theoretical density of tungsten. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis further demonstrates an intact interface with indentations of powder particles at the interface-matrix boundary. First push-out tests indicate that the interface was damaged by HIPing.

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5

Kruzhanov, Vladislav, and Volker Arnhold. "Energy consumption in powder metallurgical manufacturing." Powder Metallurgy 55, no. 1 (February 2012): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174329012x13318077875722.

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6

Kruth, J. P., B. Van der Schueren, J. E. Bonse, and B. Morren. "Basic Powder Metallurgical Aspects in Selective Metal Powder Sintering." CIRP Annals 45, no. 1 (1996): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)63043-1.

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7

Chen, Wei Ping, Dong Hui Yang, Jun Lu, Yuan Feng, Jian Qing Chen, Lei Wang, Jing Hua Jiang, and Ai Bin Ma. "Fabrication of Zn Alloy Foam via Powder Metallurgical Approach." Materials Science Forum 849 (March 2016): 819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.849.819.

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Powder metallurgical (PM) route is one of the methods for metal foam fabrication. In this paper, we report the fabrication of Zn alloy foams with 0~50wt.% Mg via powder metallurgical approach by using CaCO3 as the blowing agent. The fabrication process included 5 steps: powders mixing, cool-pressing, heat treatment, hot-pressing, foaming and cooling. The effects of Mg addition, foaming temperature on the foaming process were discussed. Finally, the compressive behavior of Zn alloy foam was evaluated.

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8

Čapek, Jaroslav, and Dalibor Vojtěch. "Powder Metallurgical Techniques for Fabrication of Biomaterials." Manufacturing Technology 15, no. 6 (December 1, 2015): 964–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/mt/15/6/964.

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9

Jones, D. G. R., J. P. Fairclough, J. S. Abell, and I. R. Harris. "Powder metallurgical processing of Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe2−x(0." Journal of Applied Physics 69, no. 8 (April 15, 1991): 5774–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347872.

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10

Prado, Jose Manuel. "Plastic Behaviour of Green Powder Metallurgical Compacts." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.305.

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The results of monotonic and cyclic uniaxial compression tests, in which the deviatoric component of the stress is predominant, carried out on green and recrystallized iron compacts with different levels of density are presented and discussed in order to analyse the macro and micromechanisms governing the mechanical behaviour of non-sintered PM materials. The plastic deformation of the particles, especially at the contact areas between neighbouring particles, produces an internal friction responsible for the main features observed in the behaviour of green metallic compacts. These experimental results show important discrepancies with the plasticity models, Cam-Clay and Drucker-Prager Cap, used to simulate the powder compaction stage. Possible causes for these discrepancies are pointed out.

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11

Nyborg, L., M. Norell, and I. Olefjord. "Surface studies of powder metallurgical stainless steel." Surface and Interface Analysis 19, no. 1-12 (June 1992): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.7401901113.

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12

Jones, D. G. R., J. S. Abell, and I. R. Harris. "Powder metallurgical processing of Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe2−X(0." Journal of Applied Physics 67, no. 9 (May 1990): 5001–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344703.

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13

Gräser, E., M. Hajeck, A. Bezold, C. Broeckmann, M. Brumm, and F. Klocke. "Optimized density profiles for powder metallurgical gears." Production Engineering 8, no. 4 (April 18, 2014): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11740-014-0543-1.

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14

Lee, Jae-Wook, Sang-Sun Yang, and Yong-Jin Kim. "Technology Trend of Powder-Metallurgical Aluminum Parts." Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute 14, no. 6 (December 28, 2007): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4150/kpmi.2007.14.6.339.

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15

Karakulak, Erdem. "Characterization of Cu–Ti powder metallurgical materials." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials 24, no. 1 (January 2017): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-017-1381-x.

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16

Sun, Fu-Hua, Chao-Feng Wu, Zhiliang Li, Yu Pan, Asfandiyar Asfandiyar, Jinfeng Dong, and Jing-Feng Li. "Powder metallurgically synthesized Cu12Sb4S13tetrahedrites: phase transition and high thermoelectricity." RSC Advances 7, no. 31 (2017): 18909–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra02564e.

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17

Barkov, L. A., M. N. Samodurova, S. A. Mymrin, and Yu S. Latfulina. "Properties of tungsten wire in powder metallurgical processing with ultrafine powder." Bulletin of the South Ural State University Series ‘Metallurgy’ 16, no. 03 (2016): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/met160317.

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18

KAWASAKI, Akira, and Noriharu YODOSHI. "Powder Metallurgical Consolidation of Metallic Glass Powders of Fe-Based System." Journal of High Temperature Society 36, no. 2 (2010): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7791/jhts.36.59.

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19

Kováčik, Jaroslav, and Štefan Emmer. "Sintering of HDH Ti Powder." Scientific Proceedings Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 22, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stu-2014-0009.

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AbstractTitanium powders prepared by hydro-dehydration process (HDH powder) were pressure less sintered in vacuum oven at different temperatures, time and green density. The sintering properties of powders of two particle sizes - 30 and 150 microns were investigated. The usual powder metallurgical (PM) results were observed, i.e., decreasing final porosity with increasing sintering temperature and time at constant heating rate. Higher green density leading to higher final density for both powder sizes was also observed. The obtained results will be used as comparative material for future sintering experiments of Ti based composites.

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20

Skachkov, O. A., and Zh I. Dzneladze. "New powder materials for aerospace technology, metallurgical equipment, and power engineering." Metallurgist 44, no. 3 (March 2000): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02466161.

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21

Ohmi, Tatsuya, Masashi Takatoo, Manabu Iguchi, Kiyotaka Matsuura, and Masayuki Kudoh. "Powder-Metallurgical Process for Producing Metallic Microchannel Devices." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 47, no. 9 (2006): 2137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.47.2137.

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22

Neves, Filipe, Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes, Isabel M. Martins, Jose Brito Correia, Manuela Oliveira, Eric Gaffet, Nancy Boucharat, M. Lattemann, Jens Suffner, and Horst Hahn. "Powder Metallurgical Processes for NiTi Shape Memory Alloys." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 928–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.928.

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Two promising powder metallurgy (PM) processes were used for the fabrication of NiTi shape memory alloys (SMA): Mechanically Activated Reactive FOrging Synthesis (MARFOS) and Mechanically Activated Reactive Extrusion Synthesis (MARES). In these two processes, equimolar powder mixtures of elemental Ni and Ti are first mechanically activated and then forged/extruded at relatively low temperature. Afterwards, heat treatments are used to promote homogenization and to adjust the composition of the NiTi matrix. When MARFOS and MARES processes are compared some differences have been observed but only in relation to the extent of phase transformation and to the degree of densification. The crystallite size was less than 100 nm for all the phases which indicates nanostructured materials and multi-step martensitic transformations could be observed in heat treated materials.

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23

Hutsch, Thomas, Anna Lang, Thomas Schubert, Patrick Schiebel, Mirko Christ, Thomas Weißgärber, Bernd Kieback, and Axel S. Herrmann. "Metal/FRP Connection Module – A Powder Metallurgical Approach." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.449.

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The Development of Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP) offers a great opportunity for applications in automobile industry, aeronautics and consumer goods to achieve light weight structures. However, the connection technology between FRP and mainly metallic based structures is the key to use the full potential of the FRP. Out of this motivation recent developments address this aspect.Using the powder metallurgical approach to generate a metal/ FRP connection module by spark plasma sintering a great variety is possible by integration of different metal and/ or fiber components. In this work aluminum and stainless steel was chosen for the upper and lower metallic side. The fibers integrated into the metal were glass, basalt and carbon fiber in one layer, two layer and mixed layer configuration. To connect the sintered module to greater CF weaves an infiltration process with a room temperature curing resin was used in a modified vacuum infusion (MVI) setup. In not optimized configuration the shear test after infiltration indicated an initial value for module shear strength above 20 MPa which can be enhanced in future developments by optimized armor between the upper and lower metal side and the number of integrated fiber layers of the connection module. A model is predicted to calculate the module shear strength in sintered state by multiplication of the armor area with the shear strength of the armor material. First experiments additionally show the possibility to weld the connection module directly to metallic structures.

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24

Borgström, Henrik, and Lars Nyborg. "Liquid Phase Sintering of Ferrous Powder Metallurgical Materials." Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International 14, no. 5 (September 2007): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(08)60054-0.

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25

Gerling, R., H. Clemens, and F. P. Schimansky. "Powder Metallurgical Processing of Intermetallic Gamma Titanium Aluminides." Advanced Engineering Materials 6, no. 12 (February 5, 2004): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.200310559.

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26

Alexander-Morrison, G. M., A. G. Dobbins, R. K. Holbert, and M. W. Doughty. "Metallurgical examination of powder metallurgy uranium alloy welds." Journal of Materials for Energy Systems 8, no. 1 (June 1986): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02833462.

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27

Pavlov, V. A., and M. I. Nosenko. "Hot deformation and densification of powder metallurgical materials." Soviet Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 27, no. 1 (January 1988): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00799727.

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28

Aguirre-Perales, Lydia Y., In-Ho Jung, and Robin A. L. Drew. "Foaming behavior of powder metallurgical Al–Sn foams." Acta Materialia 60, no. 2 (January 2012): 759–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.10.011.

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29

ter Haar, J. H., and J. Duszczyk. "Mixing of powder metallurgical fibre-reinforced aluminium composites." Materials Science and Engineering: A 135 (March 1991): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(91)90538-x.

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30

Hu, Chen-Ti, and Wen-Chin Chiou. "Multistage sintering process for Ni3Al powder metallurgical products." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 29, no. 5 (October 1998): 1069–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-998-0076-0.

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31

Hamouda, Khaled, Tahar Sayah, J. P. Ankudimov, P. J. Ankudimov, Anatoly P. Babichev, Mohamed Nadjib Benallal, D. Saidi, and M. A. Djema. "Complex Change in Superficial Layer Properties of Specimen Obtained by Metallurgical Powder under Vibration Process Method." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 1103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.1103.

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The general purpose of the present work is based on an antifriction process to produce a metallurgical powder from nibs of iron powders base. Therefore, most of these processes used in motors and instruments industries, vehicles and agricultural mechanical engineering. Under normal operation conditions, which have stable climatic characteristics and exhibit to moisture, this increased the layer that exposed to corrosion. Metallurgical powder adsorbed moisture by determining the porosity which accelerates corrosion processes and increases at the free surface of metal, In this article, the results given for the materials of powders with bases on iron, zinc, aluminium and their alloys, in the same processes can be using it in the maintenance field to eliminate or modifying the surface of the work pieces treated which that increases the hardness.

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32

Panic, B. "Mathematical Model of Gas, Powder and Bed Flow in Metallurgical Shaft Furnaces." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0042.

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This paper presents the second phase of model investigations. In the first phase research into flow for the system “gas transporting powder - moving packed bed” was conducted in the physical modeling. The influence of bed, powder and gas parameters on values of interaction forces and phenomena occurring in investigated system was defined.The article discusses the successive stage of investigations into gas flow carrying the powder through the descending packed bed. The research was performed with the application of mathematical modeling after tests with a physical model in use had been accomplished. The elaborated mathematical model was used to calculate resistance values of gas flow carrying the powder through the descending packed bed, masses of ‘static’ and ‘dynamic’ powders as well as total mass of powder holdup in the bed. Then the verification of the model was done comparing the obtained results with those from the physical model.

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33

Panic, B. "3D Model Studies on the Effect of Bed and Powder Type Upon Radial Static Pressure and Powder Distribution in Metallurgical Shaft Furnaces." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 1449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0224.

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AbstractThe flow of gases in metallurgical shaft furnaces has a decisive influence on the course and process efficiency. Radial changes in porosity of the bed cause uneven flow of gas along the radius of the reactor, which sometimes is deliberate and intentional. However, holdup of solid particles in descending packed beds of metallurgical shaft furnaces can lead to unintentional changes in porosity of the bed along the radial reactor. Unintentional changes in porosity often disrupt the flow of gas causing poor performance of the furnace. Such disruptions of flow may occur in the blast furnace due to high level of powder content in gas caused by large amount of coal dust/powder insufflated as fuel substitute. The paper describes the model test results of radial distribution of static pressure and powder hold up within metallurgical reactor. The measurements were carried out with the use of 3D physical model of two-phase flow gas-powder in the moving (descending) packed bed. Sinter or blast furnace pellets were used as packed bed while carbon powder or iron powder were used as the powder. Wide diversity within both static pressure distribution and powder distribution along the radius of the reactor were observed once the change in the type of powder occurred.

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34

Watanabe, R. "Powder Processing of Functionally Gradient Materials." MRS Bulletin 20, no. 1 (January 1995): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400048892.

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Powder metallurgical (P/M) processing of FGMs provides a wide range of compositional and microstructural control, along with shape-forming capability. Oxide/metal systems are desirable because this materials combination can be used to easily tailor materials properties. However, there are many problems to be investigated which pertain to each of the processing steps; process innovations will often be required to realize the versatility of this route. In this article, I briefly review the present status of the powder-processing method.Powder metallurgical fabrication of FGMs involves the following sequential steps with a selected material combination of metals and ceramics: determination of the optimum composition profile for an effective thermal-stress reduction; stepwise or continuous stacking of powder premixes according to the predesigned composition profile; compaction of the stacked powder heap and sintering with or without pressurizing. Besides the conventional powder metallurgical routes, a spray deposition method, using mixed powder suspensions and a slurry stacking method, have been developed to form continuously graded stacking. A powder spray stacking apparatus has been devised, which is fully automatic with computer control. Deposited compacts were cold isostatically pressed (CIP) and consolidated by hot isostatic pressing. Their microstructures show that this process provides fine compositional control with desired profiles.Differential temperature sintering by laser-beam heating has been studied to add versatility to the P/M process. The surface of the green compacts is scanned with a laser beam using a predesigned scanning pattern to ensure homogeneous heating over the entire surface.

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35

Wang, Zhi Xin, Li Qian, and Wei Tie Yang. "Study of Plasma Cladding Ni-Based Compound Powder Layers on Q235 Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.219.

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By plasma cladding technology, the Ni60B/TiC composite coating metallurgically bonded to Q235 steel were prepared using Ni-based alloy and TiC powders. The microstructure formation mechanism of the clad layers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The microhardness distribution and wear resistance of the specimens were tested. The results show that metallurgical combination is achieved between coating and substrate, the microstructure of composite coating is composed of dendrite γ-Ni, α-Fe, added TiC and FeNi. The hardness and wear resistance of composite coating have relationship with TiC particles content and TiC particles distribution. The hardness and wear resistance increase with the increase of TiC particles content.

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36

Ruiz-Prieto, J. M., W. Moriera, J. M. Torralba, and L. E. G. Cambronero. "Powder Metallurgical Duplex Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steels from Prealloyed and Mixed Powders." Powder Metallurgy 37, no. 1 (January 1994): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/pom.1994.37.1.57.

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37

Nusskern, Philipp, Jürgen Hoffmeister, and Volker Schulze. "Austenite-Bainite Transformation Kinetic Model for the Powder-Metallurgical Steel Astaloy 85 Mo." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 1485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.1485.

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A new approach for case hardening of powder metallurgical steels is surface densification prior to heat treatment, hence avoiding hardening to the core caused by open porosity. With regard to this process chain a porosity and carbon dependent model of the transformation kinetics is essential. In powder metallurgical materials the transformation behavior is mainly influenced by the chemical composition, homogeneity and porosity. Using a prealloyed powder, e.g. Astaloy 85 Mo, a homogeneous distribution of alloying elements after sintering can be assumed and the transformation behaviour is mainly determined by pores and the carbon profile caused by case hardening. The effect of carbon is widely known but up to now, only a few details about the effect of porosity on the transformation can be found in literature. It is reported that a decreasing relative density causes a reduction of incubation and overall isothermal transformation time. In the present study, the transformation kinetics of a powder metallurgical steel based on Astaloy 85 Mo were investigated for the carbon levels 0.5 and 0.8 wt% as well as the relative densities 6.8, 7.2 and 7.8 g/cm³. The investigations were carried out using a high-speed quenching dilatometer. The isothermal time temperature transformation diagrams for this powder-metallurgical alloy are presented and Avrami-type equations are fitted to the measured data. A good correlation can be found for the transformation model and the experimental results verifying the used modeling approach showing the potential to be applied within case hardening simulations.

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38

Zhang, Pengxian, Zhizhong Fang, and Shilong Li. "Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions of Resistance Brazed Lap Joints between TC4 Titanium Alloy and 304 Stainless Steel Using Metal Powder Interlayers." Materials 14, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010180.

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In the brazing joint between titanium alloy and stainless steel, a lot of Fe-Ti intermetallic compounds (IMCs) can be easily formed to make joints crack. A lap resistance brazing process with metal powder layers on both sides of the filler metal was used to solve this problem. The microstructure and metallurgical behavior of joints was studied through comparative experiments. The result showed that Nb, V and Cr powders and the solder reacted with the base material to form a new phase, which replaced the Ti-Fe brittle phase in the joint. At the same time, metal powder clusters hindered the diffusion of Ti and Fe elements and improved the distribution of new phases. The established atomic reaction model revealed the metallurgical behavior and formation mechanism of the joints. Therefore, the intervening position of the metal powder layer and the multi-reaction zone structure are the main reasons the shear strength of joints is improved.

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39

Akhtar, S., A. Ali, A. Haider, and M. Farooque. "Measurement of Loose Powder Density." Key Engineering Materials 510-511 (May 2012): 597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.510-511.597.

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Powder metallurgy is a conventional technique for making engineering articles from powders. Main objective is to produce final products with the highest possible uniform density, which depends on the initial loose powder characteristics. Producing, handling, characterizing and compacting materials in loose powder form are part of the manufacturing processes. Density of loose metallic or ceramic powder is an important parameter for die design. Loose powder density is required for calculating the exact mass of powder to fill the die cavity for producing intended green density of the powder compact. To fulfill this requirement of powder metallurgical processing, a loose powder density meter as per ASTM standards is designed and fabricated for measurement of density. The density of free flowing metallic powders can be determined using Hall flow meter funnel and density cup of 25 cm3 volume. Density of metal powders like cobalt, manganese, spherical bronze and pure iron is measured and results are obtained with 99.9% accuracy.

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40

Aole, D., M. K. Jain, and M. Bruhis. "New characterization methods for powder die fill process for producing powder metallurgical components." Powder Technology 232 (December 2012): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.08.002.

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41

de Angulo, L. Ruiz, C. A. F. Manwaring, D. G. R. Jones, J. S. Abell, and I. R. Harris. "Powder Metallurgical Processing of Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe2−x(0.5 ≥x≥ 0.1) from Fine Hydride Powder*." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 183, Part_1_2 (January 1994): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.1994.183.part_1_2.427.

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42

Hatami, Sepehr, Sergio Armada, Annabelle Laurent, Lars Nyborg, and Mikael Olsson. "Tribological properties of powder metallurgical tool steels used in powder compaction pressing dies." Lubrication Science 23, no. 3 (February 15, 2011): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ls.148.

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43

Narasimhan, Kalathur S., Bruce Lindsley, Peter Sokolowski, and Tony Nishida. "Lower Cost Solutions For Higher Performance Powder Metallurgical Parts." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 57, no. 2 (2010): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.57.96.

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44

Wang, Gang, Xiao Ming Xiong, Yan Dong Liu, Chun Yan Wang, Yan Dong Wang, and Liang Zuo. "Study on Powder Metallurgical Preparation of NiCoMnIn Alloy Foam." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1331.

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The magnetic shape-memory alloy NiCoMnIn shows, in monocrystalline form, a large reversible magnetic-field-induced strain (MFIS). But it is difficult to achieve the properties in polycrystalline NiCoMnIn alloys. The technique of powder metallurgical preparation of NiCoMnIn foam was studied to improve the properties of polycrystalline NiCoMnIn alloys in the present paper. We introduced a processing route including choosing appropriate space-holding fillers, sintering NiCoMnIn alloy and the filling agent with appropriate grain size. The sintering temperature and time and the optimum volume fraction of the filling agent were determined by analysis of the structure of sintered bulk foams.

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Birth, U., M. Joensson, and B. Kieback. "Powder Metallurgical Processing and Properties of Copper/Tungsten Gradients." Materials Science Forum 308-311 (May 1999): 766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.308-311.766.

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Prinz, D., V. Arnhold, Hans Peter Buchkremer, A. Kuhstoss, P. Neumann, and Detlev Stöver. "Graded High-Porous Microfilters by Powder Metallurgical Coating Techniques." Materials Science Forum 308-311 (May 1999): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.308-311.59.

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LIU, Feng, Yong LIU, Hong WU, Jing-hua FANG, Da-peng ZHAO, Liu-jie ZHANG, and Dong-hua LIU. "Bi-modal microstructure in a powder metallurgical ferritic steel." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 22, no. 2 (February 2012): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(11)61179-5.

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NAKAMURA, Takashi, Toru NOGUCHI, Noritaka HORIKAWA, and Yukiko OGIUCHI. "Compressive fatigue properties of powder metallurgical giant magnetostrictive materials." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2004.1 (2004): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2004.1.0_149.

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Green, S. M., D. M. Grant, and N. R. Kelly. "Powder Metallurgical Processing of Ni–Ti Shape Memory Alloy." Powder Metallurgy 40, no. 1 (January 1997): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/pom.1997.40.1.43.

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Grigorov, I. G., Yu G. Zaynulin, and G. P. Shveykin. "Fractal analysis of fracture of powder metallurgical hard alloy." Inorganic Materials: Applied Research 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2075113317010154.

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