Academic literature on the topic 'Metalloenzimi'

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Journal articles on the topic "Metalloenzimi"

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Höcker, Birte. "A metalloenzyme reloaded." Nature Chemical Biology 8, no. 3 (February 15, 2012): 224–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.800.

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You, Jing-Song, Xiao-Qi Yu, Xiao-Yu Su, Tao Wang, Qing-Xiang Xiang, Meng Yang, and Ru-Gang Xie. "Hydrolytic metalloenzyme models." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 202, no. 1-2 (August 2003): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-1169(03)00199-7.

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Dong, Steven D., and Ronald Breslow. "Bifunctional cyclodextrin metalloenzyme mimics." Tetrahedron Letters 39, no. 51 (December 1998): 9343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(98)02160-1.

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Hadianawala, Murtuza, and Bhaskar Datta. "Design and development of sulfonylurea derivatives as zinc metalloenzyme modulators." RSC Advances 6, no. 11 (2016): 8923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra27341b.

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Kwon, Hanna, Jaswir Basran, Juliette M. Devos, Reynier Suardíaz, Marc W. van der Kamp, Adrian J. Mulholland, Tobias E. Schrader, et al. "Visualizing the protons in a metalloenzyme electron proton transfer pathway." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 12 (March 9, 2020): 6484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918936117.

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In redox metalloenzymes, the process of electron transfer often involves the concerted movement of a proton. These processes are referred to as proton-coupled electron transfer, and they underpin a wide variety of biological processes, including respiration, energy conversion, photosynthesis, and metalloenzyme catalysis. The mechanisms of proton delivery are incompletely understood, in part due to an absence of information on exact proton locations and hydrogen bonding structures in a bona fide metalloenzyme proton pathway. Here, we present a 2.1-Å neutron crystal structure of the complex formed between a redox metalloenzyme (ascorbate peroxidase) and its reducing substrate (ascorbate). In the neutron structure of the complex, the protonation states of the electron/proton donor (ascorbate) and all of the residues involved in the electron/proton transfer pathway are directly observed. This information sheds light on possible proton movements during heme-catalyzed oxygen activation, as well as on ascorbate oxidation.
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Doerr, Allison. "Metalloenzyme structures in a shot." Nature Methods 10, no. 4 (March 28, 2013): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2428.

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Lancaster, Kyle M. "Revving up an artificial metalloenzyme." Science 361, no. 6407 (September 13, 2018): 1071–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau7754.

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Stoecker, Walter, Russell L. Wolz, Robert Zwilling, Daniel J. Strydom, and David S. Auld. "Astacus protease, a zinc metalloenzyme." Biochemistry 27, no. 14 (July 12, 1988): 5026–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00414a012.

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Vallee, B. L. "Zinc metalloenzyme structure and function." Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 36, no. 3-4 (August 1989): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0162-0134(89)84446-0.

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Valdez, Crystal E., Amanda Morgenstern, Mark E. Eberhart, and Anastassia N. Alexandrova. "Predictive methods for computational metalloenzyme redesign – a test case with carboxypeptidase A." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 46 (2016): 31744–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp02247b.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Metalloenzimi"

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ROVALETTI, ANNA. "A computational outlook on the catalysis exerted by the unique active site of MoCu CO dehydrogenases." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/305403.

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I processi di produzione e consumo negli ecosistemi del suolo contribuiscono ai cicli biochimici globali di molti gas in tracce (CH4, CO, H2, N2O e NO) che sono rilevanti per la chimica atmosferica e il clima. Tali piccole molecole di gas svolgono ruoli diversi nel metabolismo dei microrganismi posti nel suolo che si basano su metalloenzimi specifici per la loro trasformazione. Tra questi, è stato dimostrato che i metalloenzimi a base di molibdeno sono cruciali in tale contesto. In particolare, è stato riportato che un molibdoenzima specifico è coinvolto nell'ossidazione della CO atmosferica. MoCu CO deidrogenasi (MoCu CODH) è un enzima presente nei carbossidobatteri aerobici, come Oligotropha carbossidovorans, che rappresentano uno dei componenti essenziali nel consumo biogeochimico di monossido di carbonio (CO). Essi infatti contribuiscono al mantenimento della concentrazione subtossica di CO nella bassa atmosfera elaborandone circa 2 × 108 tonnellate all'anno. Questa metalloproteina batterica catalizza l'ossidazione della CO a CO2, mentre può anche scindere H2 in due protoni e due elettroni. Tali reazioni vengono eseguite grazie a un sito attivo unico composto da due metalli, uno ione rame e uno molibdeno, legati tra loro tramite un atomo di zolfo. Nonostante siano stati condotti ampi studi teorici e sperimentali su questo enzima, diversi aspetti relativi alla sua reattività non sono stati ancora chiariti. Nella presente tesi ci siamo concentrati sulla descrizione in silico di MoCu CODH al fine di approfondire la comprensione dei meccanismi di reazione catalizzati dall'enzima. Per fare ciò, nel quadro della teoria del funzionale della densità (DFT), abbiamo applicato modelli di diverse dimensioni per ottenere una descrizione accurata del sistema. Nel contesto della catalisi dell'ossidazione della CO, abbiamo evidenziato che se un intermedio simile al tiocarbonato si forma lungo il percorso catalitico, non rappresenta una specie limitante la velocità nel panorama energetico enzimatico, a differenza di quanto proposto in base ai risultati di precedenti studi teorici. Inoltre, siamo stati in grado di suggerire un meccanismo catalitico alternativo per l'ossidazione della CO che coinvolge il ruolo diretto di una molecola d'acqua, attivata dal sito attivo circostante. Per quanto riguarda l'attività idrogenasica di MoCu CODH, sono stati presentati due meccanismi plausibili per la scissione di H2. Per la prima volta abbiamo suggerito che il sito attivo MoCu CODH possa essere visto come Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLP) e abbiamo proposto un meccanismo tipo FLP per l'ossidazione del diidrogeno. In alternativa, un evento di protonazione, quale la protonazione del residuo di cisteina coordinata allo ione rame prima del legame di H2 al sito attivo, si è rivelato necessario per presentare un canale reattivo plausibile.
Production and consumption processes in soil ecosystems contribute to the global bio­chemical cycles of many trace gases (CH4, CO, H2, N2O and NO) that are relevant for atmospheric chemistry and climate. Such small gas molecules play different role into the metabolism of microorganisms placed in soil that rely on specific metalloen­zymes for their transformation. Among these, molybdenum-­based metalloenzymes were evidenced to be crucial in such context. In particular, a specific molybdoen­zyme was reported to be involved in atmospheric CO oxidation. MoCu CO dehy­drogenases (MoCu CODH) is an enzyme found in aerobic carboxido­bacteria, such as Oligotropha carboxidovorans which represent one of the essential components in the biogeochemical carbon monoxide (CO) consumption. In fact, they contribute to maintenance of sub­toxic concentration of CO in the lower atmosphere by processing approximately 2×108 tons of it annually. This bacterial metalloprotein catalyses the oxidation of CO to CO2, while it can also split H2 in two protons and two electrons. Such reactions are performed thanks to a unique active site composed of two metals, a copper ion and a molybdenum one, linked together through a sulphur atom. Despite extended theoretical and experimental studies had been carried out concerning this enzyme, several aspects related to its reactivity have not been unravelled.In the present thesis, we focused on the in silico description of MoCu CODH in order to deepen the understanding of the reaction mechanisms catalysed by the enzyme. To do so, in the framework of density functional theory (DFT), we applied models of different sizes to obtain an accurate description of the system. In the context of CO oxidation catalysis, we evidenced that if a previously proposed thiocarbonate ­like intermediate is formed along the catalytic path, it does not repre­sent a rate ­limiting species on the enzymatic energy landscape, differently from results of previous theoretical studies. Moreover, we were able to suggest an alternative cat­alytic mechanism for the oxidation of CO that involves the direct role of a water molecule, activated by the sourrounding active site. As for the MoCu CODH hydrogenase activity, two plausible mechanisms for the splitting of H2 were presented. For the first time we suggested that the MoCu CODH active site may be viewed as a Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP), and we proposed a FLP­-like mechanism for oxidation of the dihydrogen. Alternatively, a protonation event–e.g. Cu­-bound cysteine residue protonation – prior to binding of H2 to the active site proved to be necessary to present a plausible reactive channel.
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Kluge, Stefan. "Modellierung sequentieller Metalloenzyme auf Magnesiumbasis." lizenzfrei, 2007. http://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/DocumentServlet?id=10371.

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Kung, Yan. "Structural studies of metalloenzyme complexes in acetogenic carbon fixation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65474.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2011.
Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Acetogenic bacteria use the Wood-Ljungdahl carbon fixation pathway to produce cellular carbon from CO₂. This process requires several metalloenzymes that employ transition metals such as iron, nickel, and cobalt towards the production of acetyl-CoA, the final product. In one stage of the pathway, the cobalt-containing B₁₂ cofactor harbored by the corrinoid iron-sulfur protein (CFeSP) transfers a methyl group from methyltetrahydrofolate (CH₃-H₄folate), which is bound by a methyltransferase enzyme (MeTr), to a nickel-containing metallocluster called the A-cluster of the downstream enzyme, acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS). Such B12-dependent methyl transfer reactions require the construction of large, multimodular enzyme complexes whose threedimensional assemblies are, at present, largely uncharacterized. X-ray crystallography was used to solve the structure of a CFeSP/MeTr complex, the first crystal structure of a B12-dependent methyltransferase to depict all protein domains required for B12 binding, activation, protection, and catalysis. This structure, along with in crystallo activity data, illustrates how conformational movements, which can occur within protein crystals, enable the B12 cofactor to alternate between a sequestered conformation for cofactor protection and an active conformation for catalysis. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments were also conducted to explore the quaternary composition of the complex in solution and revealed that multiple CFeSP/MeTr complexes can be formed. In another reaction of the Wood-Ljungdahl carbon fixation pathway, a nickel and iron containing metallocluster called the C-cluster of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) reduces a second molecule of CO₂ to CO, an intermediate that is channeled to the ACS A-cluster. Although the structure of the C-cluster was first described a decade ago, its catalytic mechanism remained unresolved. To provide mechanistic insight into the chemistry employed at the C-cluster, crystal structures were determined with substrate and inhibitor molecules bound to the C-cluster of the CODH/ACS complex. These structures capture states of the C-cluster at key steps in the reaction and contribute to a consensus model for C-cluster chemistry. With structural descriptions for both CFeSP/MeTr and CODH/ACS complexes, this work has illuminated the molecular details for metalloenzyme complex assembly and catalysis in the acetogenic Wood-Ljungdahl carbon fixation pathway.
by Yan Kung.
Ph.D.
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Murray, Jill Isobel. "A metalloenzyme model for the biotransformation of nitroglycerin to nitric oxide." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2002. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63344.pdf.

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Schweitzer, Dirk. "Biomimetic models of the active site of the metalloenzyme nitrile hydratase /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8692.

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Neupane, Kosh Prasad. "Nickel superoxide dismutase insight into the metalloenzyme gained from functional metallopeptide models /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3355593.

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Keppetipola, Niroshika. "Characterization of DNA and RNA end modifying enzymes and a triphosphate tunnel metalloenzyme /." Access full-text from WCMC, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1619359881&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8424&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Saysell, Colin G. "Reactivity of the copper containing enzyme galactose oxidase." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307890.

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Benini, Stefano. "Structure and function relationships of urease and cytochrome c-553 from Bacillus pasteurii." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325599.

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Huang, Qiongying. "In Vitro Study of Two Virulence Factors of Listeria monocytogenes: Cytolysin LLO and Metalloenzyme PC-PLC." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:103619.

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Thesis advisor: Mary F. Roberts
Thesis advisor: Jianmin Gao
The research reported in this thesis focused on three proteinaceous virulence factors of the intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes: listeriolysin O (LLO), broad-range phospholipase C (PC-PLC), and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). Based on sequence homology of LLO with other cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDC), the protein has four domains of which domain 4 is thought to anchor the protein to cholesterol-containing surfaces while domain 3 mediates protein-protein binding on the membrane and contributes α-helices that convert to two β-strands that form the large β-barrel pore. It was previously assumed that the sequential and cooperative behaviors of domain 3 in each LLO monomer required D4 to bind to cholesterol-enriched membranes. By cloning and expressing a separate protein containing domains 1, 2, and 3 (D123) and the isolated domain 4 (D4) of LLO, I could uncouple some of the events in its membrane binding and pore-formation. Flow cytometry, used to investigate protein binding to vesicles and to red blood cells, showed that D123 had no membrane affinity on its own, but became membrane-bound when sub-lytic amounts of LLO were added. D123, not membrane-lytic by itself, became hemolytic when trace amounts of LLO were present to provide a membrane anchor for D123 proteins. FRET and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy were used to show that D123 and LLO formed oligomers at nanomolar concentration and could also associate with one another in the solution. These results suggest that D4 provides an initial membrane attachment but need not be present on all monomers to trigger the cooperative conformational change that leads to membrane insertion and pore formation. The gene for L. monocytogenes PC-PLC was obtained, expressed in E. coli and the product protein purified and characterized. The zinc content of this metalloenzyme was analyzed with ICP-MS. The dissociation constants of the three zinc ions proposed as necessary for PC-PLC activity ranged from 0.05 to 60 μM. Enzymatic activities of PC-PLC were analyzed for various substrates, include long-chain phospholipid in vesicles (LUVs, SUVs) and micelles (Triton X-100), and short-chain lipids (diC4PC, diC6PC, diC7PC) mono-dispersed in solutions. Key results include the following: (1) the L. monocytogenes PC-PLC has an acidic pH optimum (in contrast to other bacterial PC-PLC enzymes) consistent with its role in vacuole lysis upon acidification; (2) the preference of PC-PLC for longer chain monomeric substrates is not because of a higher kcat but a reduced Km suggesting some amount of hydrophobicity is important for substrate binding in the active site; (3) the apparent Kd of PC-PLC for Zn2+ derived from kinetics at pH 6.0 (1.94 ± 0.22 μM) is lower that that from ICP-MC; and (4) PC-PLC enzymatic activity is not enhanced by added LLO that generates pores in vesicles (likewise, PC-PLC does not affect the membrane lytic activity of LLO) indicating no synergism between the two virulence factors. These results should aid in understanding the function of PC-PLC in L. monocytogenes pathogenicity. The L. monocytogenes PI-PLC and a variant with reduced catalytic activity were expressed and are currently used in a collaborative project with the Portnoy laboratory at the University of California at Berkeley
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Chemistry
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Books on the topic "Metalloenzimi"

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Likhtenshtein, Gertz I. Chemical Physics of Redox Metalloenzyme Catalysis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73100-6.

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I, Likhtenshteĭn G. Chemical physics of redox metalloenzyme catalysis. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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Hanson, Graeme, and Lawrence Berliner, eds. Future Directions in Metalloprotein and Metalloenzyme Research. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59100-1.

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1943-, Reedijk Jan, and Bouwman Elisabeth 1963-, eds. Bioinorganic catalysis. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1999.

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F, Riordan James, and Vallee Bert L, eds. Metallobiochemistry. San Diego: Academic Press, 1988.

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Likhtenshtein, Gertz I., and Artavaz Beknazarov. Chemical Physics of Redox Metalloenzyme Catalysis. Springer, 2011.

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Berliner, Lawrence, and Graeme Hanson. Future Directions in Metalloprotein and Metalloenzyme Research. Springer International Publishing AG, 2017.

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Berliner, Lawrence, and Graeme Hanson. Future Directions in Metalloprotein and Metalloenzyme Research. Springer, 2018.

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Brandt, Jeffrey J. The structural and kinetic characterization of VanX: A metalloenzyme conferring high-level vancomycin resistance. 2000.

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Gellman, Samuel H. Metalloenzyme models: Part I. Nitrogen analogues of cytochrome P-450 model reactions : Part II. Zinc-based catalysts for phosphate triester hydrolysis. 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Metalloenzimi"

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Meißner, D., and T. Arndt. "Metalloenzyme." In Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49054-9_2110-1.

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Meißner, D., and T. Arndt. "Metalloenzyme." In Springer Reference Medizin, 1619–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_2110.

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Kimura, Eiichi, and Mitsuhiko Shionoya. "Macrocyclic Polyamine Complex Beyond Metalloenzyme Models." In Transition Metals in Supramolecular Chemistry, 245–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8380-0_13.

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Goldberg, David P., and Stephen J. Lippard. "Modeling Phenoxyl Radical Metalloenzyme Active Sites." In Advances in Chemistry, 61–81. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1995-0246.ch003.

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Likhtenshtein, Gertz I. "General Information on Metalloenzymes and Metal Carriers." In Chemical Physics of Redox Metalloenzyme Catalysis, 3–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73100-6_1.

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Likhtenshtein, Gertz I. "Energy, Entropy and Molecular-Dynamic Relationships in Enzyme Catalysis." In Chemical Physics of Redox Metalloenzyme Catalysis, 223–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73100-6_10.

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Likhtenshtein, Gertz I. "Mechanisms of the Elementary Acts of Redox and Coupled Processes Involving Metalloenzymes and Carriers." In Chemical Physics of Redox Metalloenzyme Catalysis, 250–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73100-6_11.

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Likhtenshtein, Gertz I. "Physical Methods of Investigation of Metalloenzymes." In Chemical Physics of Redox Metalloenzyme Catalysis, 15–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73100-6_2.

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Likhtenshtein, Gertz I. "Physical Label Techniques." In Chemical Physics of Redox Metalloenzyme Catalysis, 45–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73100-6_3.

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Likhtenshtein, Gertz I. "Kinetic Methods in Enzyme Catalysis." In Chemical Physics of Redox Metalloenzyme Catalysis, 76–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73100-6_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Metalloenzimi"

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Collinsová, Michaela, Carmen Castro, Timothy Garrow, Vincent Dive, Athanasios Yiotakis, and Jiří Jiráček. "Development of novel inhibitors of Zn-metalloenzyme betaine: Homocysteine S-methyltransferase." In VIIth Conference Biologically Active Peptides. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200104049.

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Born, Benjamin, Matthias Heyden, Moran Grossman, Irit Sagi, and Martina Havenith. "Protein-water network dynamics during metalloenzyme hydrolysis observed by kinetic THz absorption (KITA)." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Gerald J. Wilmink and Bennett L. Ibey. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2000715.

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Kirby, Edward P., Mary Ann Mascelli, Carol Silverman, and Daniel W. Karl. "LOCALIZATION OF THE PLATELET-BINDING AND HEPARIN-BINDING DOMAINS OF BOVINE VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644097.

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Bovine von Willebrand Factor (vWF) binds directly to human platelets and also to heparin-agarose. Cleavage of vWF with Protease I, a metalloenzyme isolated from the venom of the western diamondback rattlesnake, produces two major fragments with apparent Mr of 250 kD and 200 kD. The 200 kD fragment competes with native vWF for binding to the GPIb-associated vWF receptor on formalin-fixed human platelets and has weak platelet-agglutinating activity. It is composed of three polypeptide chains of apparent Mr of 97 kD, 61 kD, and 35 kD. Monoclonal antibodies #2 and H-9, which inhibit binding of vWF to a GPIb-associated receptor of platelets, recognize the 200 kD fragment.Modification of vWF with ^5x-la.beled. Bolton-Hunter reagent (I*-BHR) causes inhibition of platelet-agglutinating activity at very low levels of incorporation. Modification of less than 2% of the amino groups in vWF causes 50% loss of platelet agglutinating activity and a decreased affinity of vWF for binding to platelets. Labeling with I*-BHR does not block binding to heparin-agarose, even when 5-10% of the amino groups are modified. Differential labeling at pH 7.0 and pH 8.5, followed by proteolytic fragmentation with Protease I, suggests that it is the modification of amino groups on the 200 kD fragment which is responsible fpr the decrease in platelet binding activity. Modification of the 97 kD peptide chain is best correlated with this loss of platelet binding activity.Heparin inhibits the agglutination of human platelets by bovine vWF. The 200 kD fragment of vWF binds both to platelets and to heparin-agarose. These observations suggest that the heparin-binding and platelet-binding domains of vWF, although distinct from one another, reside in the same region of the vWF molecule. The platelet-binding domain contains a small number of very reactive amino groups which are required for vWF binding to human platelets.These studies were supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (#HL27993).
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Reports on the topic "Metalloenzimi"

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Balch, William. Purification and characterization of dihydroorotase from Clostridium oroticum, a zinc-containing metalloenzyme. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1687.

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