Academic literature on the topic 'Metallic iodate'
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Journal articles on the topic "Metallic iodate"
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Taninouchi, Yu-ki, and Tetsuya Uda. "Rapid Oxidative Dissolution of Metallic Tin in Alkaline Solution Containing Iodate Ions." Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 7, no. 4 (November 5, 2021): 1762–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00450-3.
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Wei, Shubo, and Hanyu Liu. "High-Pressure Structures and Superconductivity of Barium Iodide." Materials 15, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020522.
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Generally, pressure is a useful tool to modify the behavior of physical properties of materials due to the change in distance between atoms or molecules in the lattice. Barium iodide (BaI2), as one of the simplest and most prototypical iodine compounds, has substantial high pressure investigation value. In this work, we explored the crystal structures of BaI2 at a wide pressure range of 0–200 GPa using a global structure search methodology. A thermodynamical structure with tetragonal I4/mmm symmetry of BaI2 was predicted to be stable at 17.1 GPa. Further electronic calculations indicated that I4/mmm BaI2 exhibits the metallic feature via an indirect band gap closure under moderate pressure. We also found that the superconductivity of BaI2 at 30 GPa is much lower than that of CsI at 180 GPa based on our electron–phonon coupling simulations. Our current simulations provide a step toward the further understanding of the high-pressure behavior of iodine compounds at extreme conditions.
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Thakur, Mrinal, and Justin Van Cleave. "Electroabsorption in Metallic Nanoparticles within Transparent Dielectric Media." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 17, 2020): 4904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144904.
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Electroabsorption in metallic nanoparticles within transparent dielectric media has been measured. In particular, gold nanoparticles in glass and subnanometer-size metallic domains in iodine doped nonconjugated conductive polymer have been studied. Measurements have been made for applied ac fields at 4 kHz, at a wavelength close to the onset of the surface plasmon resonance. The measured electroabsorption (imaginary part of χ(3) or Kerr coefficient) has a quadratic dependence on electric field. Its magnitudes were compared for different sizes of the metallic nanoparticles down to the subnanometer-size particles in iodine-doped nonconjugated conductive polymer. As in the case of quadratic electro-optic effect reported earlier, electroabsorption has approximately a 1/d3 dependence, d being the diameter of nanoparticle. This is consistent with existing theories on confined metallic systems.
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Feng, Lijuan, Shanshan Zhang, Yan Zhou, Rongkai Pan, Hongchen Du, Fangfang Liu, and Yongqi Yang. "Expired Glucosamine Drugs as Green Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in H2SO4 Solution and Synergistic Effect of Glucosamine Molecules with Iodide Ions: Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigations." Crystals 13, no. 2 (January 23, 2023): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13020205.
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Glucosamine is a natural drug widely used for treating osteoarthritis and is usually left until it expires, which will cause a waste of resources if treated as garbage. However, its molecule contains many heteroatoms, entitling it to be a potential corrosion inhibitor. In this investigation, the corrosion inhibition activities of two types of expired glucosamine drugs (glucosamine hydrochloride and glucosamine sulfate) on carbon steel were estimated by electrochemical methods in the acidic solution. The results demonstrated that the glucosamine drugs were mixed-type corrosion inhibitors. Glucosamine hydrochloride could inhibit the carbon steel corrosion more significantly than that of sulfuric style at the same glucosamine content, suggesting a possible synergistic effect of glucosamine molecules with halide ions. Then, the co-adsorption behaviors of glucosamine sulfate with iodide ions were studied by experimental research, as well as theoretical investigations. The results indicated that the inhibition effect could be significantly enhanced when the glucosamine drug was utilized in combination with iodide ions. The electronic structures played a critical role in the synergistic inhibition of glucosamine drugs and iodide ions. Neutral molecules could interact with the metallic surface vertically through the amino and carbonyl groups, while protonated molecules were able to adsorb on it in parallel with the help of multiple functional groups. Since glucosamine molecules would be protonated and positively charged in the acidic solution, they were difficult to adsorb on the solid surface with metallic cations. When the iodide ions were presented, they preferentially adsorbed on the carbon steel surface and induced it to be negatively charged. Therefore, protonated glucosamine molecules could adsorb on the metallic surface using iodide ions as a bridge and form a protective film to mitigate the carbon steel corrosion.
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Tiong, L. Y. D., B. K. Pong, and R. D. Webster. "Closed vessel microwave digestion of air filters for measurements of elemental iodine." Analytical Methods 9, no. 19 (2017): 2909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay01017f.
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An acid assisted closed vessel microwave digestion procedure was developed for the treatment of fine airborne particulate matter that allows elemental iodine to be solubilised simultaneously with other metallic elements.
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Bhushan, Bharat, Nitesh Goswami, S. C. Parida, B. N. Rath, Sanjukta A. Kumar, V. Karki, R. C. Bindal, and Soumitra Kar. "Corrosion behavior analyses of metallic membranes in hydrogen iodide environment for iodine-sulfur thermochemical cycle of hydrogen production." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43, no. 24 (June 2018): 10869–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.04.212.
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Fujii, Y., K. Hase, Y. Ohishi, N. Hamaya, and A. Onodera. "Pressure-induced monatomic tetragonal phase of metallic iodine." Solid State Communications 59, no. 2 (July 1986): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(86)90291-7.
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Fagerquist, Clifton K., Dilip K. Sensharma, and Mostafa A. El-Sayed. ""Mixed" metallic-ionic clusters of silver/silver iodide." Journal of Physical Chemistry 95, no. 23 (November 1991): 9169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100176a026.
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Kou, Yi, and Takahide Oya. "Unique Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Using Carbon Nanotube Composite Papers with Gel Electrolyte." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 6 (June 5, 2023): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7060232.
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We propose a unique form of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), paper DSSCs based on carbon-nanotube (CNT) composite papers, and the use of a gel electrolyte for the paper DSSC. In our previous study, we succeeded in developing the paper DSSC. However, its performance and lifetime were not sufficient. We considered that the problem was the use of liquid-type electrolyte. To improve the performance of the paper DSSC, a gel electrolyte was introduced to increase safety and durability. Here, a polymer gel electrolyte was synthesized using a copolymer of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a matrix, mixed with iodine and potassium iodide. The resulting paper DSSC had a fill factor (FF, a performance indicator) of 0.248 and a conversion efficiency of 2.43 × 10−5% with an extended working time (lifetime) of more than 110 min. Further modifications were made to the metallic CNT composite paper and the gel electrolyte, resulting in an increased conversion efficiency of 2.02 × 10−3%. This study suggests the potential of gel electrolytes in enhancing the performance of paper DSSCs, providing new insights for their future applications.
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OGURI, Y., J. HASEGAWA, M. OGAWA, J. KANEKO, and K. SASA. "A PHANTOM TEST OF PROTON-INDUCED DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ANGIOGRAPHY USING IODINATED CONTRAST MEDIA." International Journal of PIXE 17, no. 01n02 (January 2007): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083507001058.
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Characteristic-line radiation from heavy metal targets bombarded by MeV proton beams has been tested as an X-ray source for dual-energy K-edge subtraction imaging for human angiography (blood vessel imaging) based on iodinated contrast media. To utilize the strong absorption by iodine (Z = 53) at its K-absorption edge (33.2 keV), we used K α-line of La (lanthanum, Z = 57) at 33.4 keV. As a reference, also K α X emission of Sn (tin, Z = 50) at 25.2 keV was employed. Metallic plates of La and Sn were irradiated by 7-MeV protons to produce these characteristic X-rays. Energy-subtraction method was tested using Lucite phantoms which contain aqueous solutions of KI (potassium iodide) with different concentrations. Also Ca ( H 2 PO 4)2 powder was stuffed in these phantoms to simulate bones. The transmission images of the phantoms were recorded on imaging plates. During the exposure, the energy spectra of the X-rays were monitored by a CdTe detector. We found that the contrast of images of iodide solutions taken with La X-rays was higher than that with Sn X-rays. Also the energy subtraction procedure was successfully applied to reduce the graphical noise due to the bones and inhomogeneity of the soft tissue. However, to apply the present method to actual clinical use, the X-ray intensity must be increased by several orders of magnitude. Also the transmission of the “lower-energy” photons has to be a few orders higher for imaging of objects as thick as human chest.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Metallic iodate"
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Suffren, Yan. "Synthèses et études structurales de complexes à oxo-anion de l'iode (V) : vers de nouveaux matériaux pour l'optique non linéaire quadratique." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENV081.
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Le sujet de thèse a porté sur l'élaboration de iodates métalliques, matériaux pour l'ONL quadratique, qui permettraient de développer des dispositifs optiques à large bande de transparence du visible à l'IR lointain, couvrant les fenêtres de transparence II et III de l'atmosphère. La découverte de NaI3O8 présentant les principales caractéristiques des iodates a ouvert la voie à la recherche et caractérisation de nouvelles phases contenant le nouvel oxoanion [I3O8]- de l'iode (V). Des calculs DFT ont été effectués pour décrire les liaisons I-O dans le composé Rb2(IO3)(I3O8)(HIO3)2(H2O). En parallèle, la cristallogenèse de cristaux millimétriques de NaI3O8 a été réalisée par ALT puis par circulation pour déterminer ses propriétés ONL sur monocristaux. D'autres phases contenant l'anion [IO3]- ont été obtenues par synthèse en solution d'acide nitrique concentré, par voie hydrothermale, ou par voie solide sous haute pression. Les premières caractérisations de TiO(IO3)2 montrent que c'est un matériau potentiellement intéressant pour l'ONL. L'alternance de liaisons courtes et longues, similaire à celles observées dans KTP, laisse présager des transferts de charge importants le long des chaines ***O-Ti-O***. Les solutions solides beta-La1-xLnx(IO3)3 présentent une transition structurale displacive réversible en yama -La1-xLnx(IO3)3. La température de transition de la phase non centrosymétrique aux propriétés non linéaires évolue en fonction de la taille et du pourcentage d'ions dopants insérés. Des études de photoluminescence de certaines matrices dopées avec des ions Nd3+ et Yb3+ont été réaliséesThe thesis focused on the synthesis of metallic iodates, materials for quadratic NLO, in order to develop optical devices with a broad band of transparency from visible to far infrared, covering the II and III transparency windows of the atmosphere. The discovery of NaI3O8, possessing the main feature of iodates, has opened the way for research and characterization of new phases containing the new oxo-anion [I3O8]- of iodine(V). DFT calculations were performed to describe the I-O bonds in the Rb2(IO3)(I3O8)(HIO3)2(H2O) compound. Furthermore, the crystal growth of millimeter size NaI3O8 crystals was performed by slow lowering of temperature and by solution circulation method to determine NLO properties on single crystals. Other phases containing the [IO3]- anion were obtained by synthesis in concentrated nitric acid solution, by hydrothermal or by solid state route under high pressure. The first characterizations of TiO(IO3)2 show a potentially interesting material for the NLO. The alternation of long and short bond lengths, similar to that observed in KTP, suggests significant charge transfer along the chains ***O-Ti-O***. Solid solutions beta -La1-XLnX(IO3)3 present a reversible structural transition in yama -La1-XLnX(IO3)3. The transition temperature for acentric phase with nonlinear properties varies according to the size and percentage of doping ions. Photoluminescence studies of some matrixes doped with Nd3+ and Yb3+ were performed
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Nagel, René. "6Li und 7Li MAS-NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an ternären und quaternären Lithiummagnesiumchloriden sowie Röntgen- und Neutroneneinkristall-Untersuchungen an Iodaten und Periodaten von zweiwertigen Metallen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962339393.
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Zhang, Liping. "Development of Bismuth Oxide-Based Materials for Iodide Capture and Photocatalysis." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1542652670479038.
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Fra, Fernández Laura. "New Applications of Iodine(III) Reactivity: Synthesis and Functionalization of Heterocycles." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456301.
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S'han desenvolupat dues metodologies diferents per a la síntesi de indols emprant la reactivitat de iode hipervalente. En primer lloc, s'ha proposat una reacció de ciclació en la qual s'han obtingut un total de 21 exemples amb bons rendiments, a més d'estudiar el possible mecanisme d'aquesta reacció a través de diferents proves mecanístiques com ara la tècnica de marcatge de deuteri . D'altra banda, s'ha realitzat una metodologia alternativa amb substrats de partida diferents per obtenir un total de 18 exemples en bons rendiments a través tant d'una transformació estequiomètrica com catalítica. El mecanisme de la reacció s'ha estudiat en profunditat realitzant diferents estudis mecanístics, com per exemple, l'efecte dels substituents de diferent naturalesa electrònica en un dels anells aromàtics, a través de la correlació de Hammett.
A més de l'aplicació de compostos de iode hipervalente per a la síntesi d'heterocicles, els seus derivats quirals s'han fet servir per al desenvolupament d'una reacció enantioselectiva per a la 4-hidroxilació de fenols.Se han desarrollado dos metodologías diferentes para la síntesis de indoles empleando la reactividad de Yodo hipervalente. En primer lugar, se ha propuesto una reacción de ciclación en la que se han obtenido un total de 21 ejemplos con buenos rendimientos, además de estudiar el posible mecanismo de dicha reacción a través de diferentes pruebas mecanísticas como por ejemplo la técnica de marcaje de deuterio. Por otro lado, se ha realizado una metodología alternativa con sustratos de partida diferentes para obtener un total de 18 ejemplos en buenos rendimientos a través tanto de una transformación estequiométrica como catalítica. El mecanismo de la reacción se ha estudiado en profundidad realizando diferentes estudios mecanísticos, como por ejemplo, el efecto de los sustituyentes de diferente naturaleza electrónica en uno de los anillos aromáticos, a través de la correlación de Hammett. Además de la aplicación de compuestos de yodo hipervalente para la síntesis de heterociclos, sus derivados quirales se han usado para el desarrollo de una reacción enantioselectiva para la 4-hidroxilación de fenoles.
Two different methodologies have been developed for the synthesis of indoles using hypervalent iodine reactivity. First, a cyclization reaction has been proposed in which a total of 21 examples were obtained with good yields. In order to elucidate the reaction mechanism, different kinetic experimentes were performed such as the deuterium labellind technique . On the other hand, an alternative methodology has been performed with different starting materials obtaining a total of 18 examples in good yields through both a stoichiometric and catalytic transformation. The mechanism of the reaction has been studied by performing different mechanistic studies, such as the effect of the substituents of different electronic nature on one of the aromatic rings, through the Hammett correlation. In addition to the application of hypervalent iodine compounds for the synthesis of heterocycles, their chiral derivatives have been used for the development of an enantioselective reaction for the 4-hydroxylation of phenols.
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Lucchetti, Nicola. "New Perspectives in Aromatic Aminations Using Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/450871.
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L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi doctoral ha sigut el desenvolupament de noves metodologies catalítiques i estequiomètriques per a l’aminació d’anells aromàtics sense fer ús de metalls. En aquest sentit, s’ha descrit el primer exemple d’una eliminació reductora en una espècie de iode(III), utilitzant sals de diariliodoni i imides com a font de nitrogen. L’estudi del perfil cinètic de la transformació ha permès calcular els seus paràmetres energètics, que estan en concordança amb les dades experimentals. El protocol desenvolupat presenta una àmplia generalitat per a la síntesi d’anilines 2,6-substituïdes, estèricament impedides, incloent també amides i lactames com a cosubstrats en la reacció d’acoblament. S’ha provat la seva utilitat sintètica mitjançant la seva aplicació en una síntesi en dos passos de una N,N’-diaril pirrolidinoncarboxamida. Aquest compost pertany a una família d’inhibidors de l’enllaç del pèptid quemerina amb el receptor ChemR23 de la proteïna G.
El següent pas en la recerca de noves aproximacions lliures de metall ha sigut la implementació de 1,2-diiodebenzè com a precatalitzador. El mecanisme de reacció, en contrast amb el de les sals de iodoni(III) anteriors, implica un nitrogen (catió) electròfil. Resulta interessant que, a diferència de les anteriors propostes, en aquest cas es pugui assumir que ambdós iodes del bis(iode)arè juguen un paper actiu. Aquest fet ha estat confirmat mitjançant la caracterització de l’intermedi de iode(III) per difracció de raigs X, que mostra un anell distorsionat de cinc membres. En comparació amb altres protocols descrits, els valors de TON (número de cicles catalítics per molècula de catalitzador) i les regioselectivitats exhibides són superiors.El objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral ha sido el desarrollo de nuevas metodologías catalíticas y estequiométricas para la aminación de anillos aromáticos sin empleo de metales. Para ello, se ha descrito el primer ejemplo de una eliminación reductora en una especie de yodo(III), utilizando sales de diarilyodonio e imidas como fuente de nitrógeno. El estudio del perfil cinético de la transformación ha permitido calcular sus parámetros energéticos, los cuales concuerdan con los datos experimentales. El protocolo desarrollado presenta una amplia generalidad para la síntesis de anilinas 2,6-disustituídas, estéricamente impedidas, incluyendo también amidas y lactamas como co-sustratos en la reacción de acoplamiento. Se ha demostrado su utilidad sintética mediante la realización de una síntesis en dos pasos de una N,N’-diaril pirrolidinoncarboxamida. Este compuesto pertenece a una familia de inhibidores del enlace entre el péptido quimioatractivo quemerina y el receptor ChemR23, acoplado a la proteína G. El siguiente paso en la búsqueda de nuevas aproximaciones sin empleo de metales ha sido la implementación de 1,2-diyodobenceno como precatalizador. El mecanismo de reacción, en contraste con el de las sales de yodonio(III) anteriores, implica un intermedio de nitrógeno electrófilo. Resulta interesante que, a diferencia de las propuestas anteriores, en este caso se ha podido demonstrar que ambos iodos en el bis(yodo)areno desempeñaban un papel activo. Este hecho ha sido confirmado mediante el aislamiento y caracterización por difracción de rayos X del intermedio de yodo(III), mostrando éste un anillo distorsionado de cinco miembros. El valor de TON (turnover number) y las regioselectividades exhibidas fueron superiores en comparación a otros protocolos descritos.
The main objective of this doctoral thesis was the development of new stoichiometric and catalytic methodologies for the metal-free amination of aromatic cores. The first example of reductive elimination at an iodine(III) centre using diaryliodonium salts and imides as nitrogen sources has been reported. The study of the kinetic profile of the transformation allowed the calculation of the energetic parameters, which were in agreement with the experimental data. The developed protocol was of broad scope for the synthesis of congested 2,6-disubstituted anilines, including also amides and lactams as amino coupling partners. The synthetic utility was demonstrated by the two-step-synthesis of an N,N’-diarylated pyrrolidinone carboxamide. This compound belongs to a family of binding inhibitors of the chemo-attractant peptide chemerin to the G-protein coupled receptor ChemR23. The subsequent step in the search for new metal-free approaches was the use of 1,2-diiodobenzene as precatalyst. The mechanism of the reaction, differently to the previous iodonium(III) salts, involved an electrophilic nitrogen intermediate. Interestingly, in sharp contrast with the previous proposals we could proof an active role of both iodine centres in the bis(iodo)arene. This was confirmed by the isolation and characterisation by X-ray diffraction of the oxidised iodine(III) intermediate, which showes a distorted five-membered ring. The exhibited turnover numbers (TON) and the regioselectivities were superior to all the other reported protocols.
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Nagel, René [Verfasser]. "6Li und 7Li MAS-NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an ternären und quaternären Lithiummagnesiumchloriden sowie Röntgen- und Neutroneneinkristall-Untersuchungen an Iodaten und Periodaten von zweiwertigen Metallen / vorgelegt von René Nagel." 2001. http://d-nb.info/962339393/34.
Full textBooks on the topic "Metallic iodate"
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Series, Michigan Historical Reprint. Provings of ferrum metallicum, and mercurius iodatus ruber. Scholarly Publishing Office, University of Michigan Library, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Metallic iodate"
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Wood, M. E. "Triethylamine/Iodine-Catalyzed Reaction of Alkyl Halides with Metallic Tin." In Compounds of Group 14 (Ge, Sn, Pb), 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-005-00264.
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Aspinall, Helen C. "Introducing the f-elements." In f-Block Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198825180.003.0001.
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This chapter provides an overview of the f-elements: lanthanoids and actinoids. All of the lanthanoid elements (apart from Pm) occur naturally in greater abundance than either iodine or mercury, but they always occur as mixtures in their ores. This is due to the great similarity in their properties. All of the actinoids are radioactive, and only uranium and thorium occur naturally to any significant extent. The characteristic feature of lanthanoids and actinoids includes the progressive filling of the 4f and 5f-orbitals respectively. The f-orbitals of the lanthanoids and the later actinoids behave as core orbitals and do not take part in bonding; however, the greater radial extent of the 5f-orbitals of the early actinoids means that they can contribute to bonding. The chapter then looks at the metallic and ionic radii of both Ln and An.
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Diaz, M. V. Perez, J. Ch Abbe, and G. Duplatre. "Positron Annihilation Studies in Non-Metallic Solids: d-Camphor and Silver Iodide." In September 16, 337–44. De Gruyter, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783112495643-038.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Metallic iodate"
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Gouëllo, M., J. Kalilainen, P. Rantanen, T. Kärkelä, and A. Auvinen. "Experimental Study of the Cadmium Effects on Iodine Transport in the Primary Circuit During Severe Nuclear Accident." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-31042.
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In case of a severe accident in a light water reactor, iodine is one of the most important fission products in the context of reactor safety because of its significant total fuel inventory, high specific activity and radiotoxicity. Consequently, understanding its behavior under severe accident transient conditions is a major point in the optimization of the accident management and mitigation. An experimental study has been launched at VTT investigating the behavior of iodine on primary circuit surfaces during a severe nuclear accident. The paper presents results obtained from the heating of metallic cadmium and caesium iodide in a crucible at temperature below 400°C under three different atmospheres. Aerosols and gaseous species released from the reaction crucible were sampled at 150°C on filters and liquid scrubbers and analyzed with HR-ICP-MS. At first, experiments were conducted with one precursor (cadmium or caesium iodide). It was observed that cadmium is predominantly present as aerosol in all atmospheres but represents less than 1% of mass what has been recovered from the facility leaching. To the contrary, caesium iodide experiment showed that sampled iodine exists mainly as gaseous species. By comparison to one-precursor studies, a change in the behavior of element was noticed when cadmium was added to caesium iodide. Different observations let to suggest a reaction between caesium iodide and cadmium in the crucible. The reaction would lead to the formation of compound made of cadmium and iodine in condensed phase below 150°C. More gaseous iodine was found from the sampling line with Ar/H2O/H2 atmosphere than in Ar/H2O atmosphere, suggesting that the cadmium is more reactive toward iodine in hydrogen-free atmosphere.
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Cao, Jianzhu, Tao Liu, Yuanyu Wu, Hong Li, and Yuanzhong Liu. "Analysis of Radioactive Source Term for Modular HTGR During Normal Operation." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30075.
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The methods of radioactive source term analysis are introduced in detail for the modular high temperature gas cooled reactor in China. Radioactive fission products and activation products produced in the reactor are described. For fission products, the emphasis is on the process from production through release to the environment for noble gas, iodine and long-lived metallic nuclides. For activation products, it mainly introduces the behaviors of H-3 and C-14. Especially the permeation process from primary circuit to secondary circuit is described for H-3. Using the preliminary design parameters of demonstration HTGR in China, basic prediction of radioactive source term is done and the results are given.
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Hille, Carmen, Wolfgang Lippmann, Marion Herrmann, and Antonio Hurtado. "Non-Oxide Ceramics: Chances for Application in Nuclear Hydrogen Production." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48408.
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Research and development are increasingly focusing on the provision and utilization of heat in the high-temperature range above 900 °C, in particular under the aspect of resource-saving energy technologies. On the one hand, the exploitation of the high-temperature range helps to improve the efficiency of energy conversion processes; on the other hand, the provision of high-temperature heat makes it possible to utilize innovative thermochemical processes, which in turn represent environmentally compatible processes. An example to be quoted here is the thermally induced production of hydrogen by the iodine-sulfur process. The high temperatures alone place extremely high requirements on the materials to be used so that metallic materials soon reach their limits of application. If additionally chemically aggressive process media are used, as in the iodine-sulfur process, basically only ceramic materials can be considered as construction materials. In this application, notably silicon carbide (SiC) is favored owing to its excellent high-temperature properties. The possible technical fields of application of such high-performance ceramics can be broadly extended provided that suitable, highly efficient joining methods are available for these ceramics. In addition to its use as a constructional ceramic, SiC can principally also be used as a functional ceramic. For this purpose, the basic ceramic is modified with different additives, providing it with electrical properties that permit its application as a full ceramic heat conductor or sensor. In this case, it also holds true that a suitable joining method for making electrically conductive joints will extend the fields of application considerably. Laser-based joining technologies are being developed for both applications at the Dresden University of Technology. The research work presented here notably focuses on laser joining of electrically conductive SiC ceramics. In addition to a CO2 laser, a diode laser has been used. Basically, electrical connection has been made in two ways. In the first variants, graphite pins are inserted into the joining zone as electrically conductive bridges. In an alternative concept, the oxidic glass filler itself is made electrically conductive with additives. Like that a full ceramic heating conductor joined by means of laser radiation has been tested. The temperature resistance and functionality of the laser-joined heating conductor could be fully demonstrated.
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Stempniewicz, M. M. "Coefficients for I-131 Sorption on Different Surfaces." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29290.
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Sorption of fission product vapors on metallic surfaces and dust particles is an important safety aspect of HTR reactors. Safety analyses of these reactors are performed using computer codes, such as MELCOR, RADAX, SPECTRA. These codes have sorption models allowing to compute the sorption rates of different fission products on surfaces. The code users must supply the model coefficients applicable for the particular surface and isotope. This paper describes the work performed to find relevant experimental data and find the sorption coefficients that represent well the available data for iodine on different surfaces. The purpose of this work is to generate a set of coefficients that may be recommended for the computer code users. Calculations were performed using the computer code SPECTRA. The following data was analyzed: • Sorption of I-131 on graphite; • Sorption of I-131 on steel; • Sorption of I-131 on dust. The results are summarized as follows: • The available data is provided in form of Langmuir isotherms. • The Langmuir isotherms do not provide sufficient data to define all sorption coefficients. The Langmuir isotherm provides equilibrium data; the relaxation time (to get to equilibrium) needs to be guessed. In practice this means that one of the sorption coefficients must be guessed. In the present calculations the desorption coefficient was being guessed and then varied in sensitivity calculations. The calculations showed that surface concentration is not sensitive to the choice of the parameter. • The sorption model in SPECTRA is capable to correctly reproduce the sorption behavior given by the Langmuir isotherms. • Out of the calculated cases, the highest activity (surface concentration) is observed on the steel surface; the lowest on the graphite surfaces. • The present work may serve as a useful guide of how to convert the Langmuir isotherm data into the input parameters required for computer code calculations.
Reports on the topic "Metallic iodate"
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Fagerquist, Clifton K., Dilip K. Sensharma, and A. El-Sayed. 'Mixed' Metallic-Ionic Clusters of the Silver/Silver Iodide. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada237883.
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