Academic literature on the topic 'Metallic effluents'
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Journal articles on the topic "Metallic effluents"
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Israel, A. U., I. B. Obot, S. A. Umoren, V. Mkpenie, and G. A. Ebong. "Effluents and Solid Waste Analysis in a Petrochemical Company- A Case Study of Eleme Petrochemical Company Ltd, Port Harcourt, Nigeria." E-Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2008): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/805957.
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Effluents and soil samples where sediments from the treated effluents are dumped were analyzed for physicochemical properties, metallic and non-metallic ions. These parameters were compared with established international standard (FEPA). Effluents were classified as process waste water (PWW), clarified water (CW), and final discharge (FD). The petrochemical effluents contained very high concentration of TDS (284.00±014 mg/L) and significant concentrations of TSS (78.89±0.01 mg/L), COD (30.10±0.02 mg/L), DO (13.20±0.01 mg/L), BOD (6.12±0.00 mg/L), PO43-(4.34±0.00 mg/L), SO42-(3.59±0.00 mg/L), Cl-(55.52±0.01 mg/L) and NO3-(8.40±0.01 mg/L). Low concentrations of iron, zinc, copper, cadmium, lead, nickel and cobalt was also observed. Some heavy metals were not detected at all in some of the effluent samples analyzed. Apart from temperature and total dissolved solid TDS, all the other parameters were below FEPA effluent limitations for guidelines for Petroleum Refinery, Fuel/Gasoline oil category in Nigeria.
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Ram, Chhotu, Bushra Zaman, and Amit Dhir. "Study on corrosion investigations in industrial effluents: a review." Corrosion Reviews 37, no. 2 (March 26, 2019): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2017-0113.
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AbstractCorrosion affects the usefulness of metallic materials used in the construction of an effluent treatment plant (ETP). The present report investigates the corrosive and inhibitive properties of the chemicals present in the effluent of paper mill and distillery industries. Chemicals such as chloride, chlorophenols, phosphate, calcium, nitrite, and nitrate enhance corrosion, whereas the presence of sulfate, potassium, organic matter, and melanoidins (color) inhibits corrosion at an acidic pH level in distillery and paper mill effluents. A finding shows that pH level has an important role in increasing or decreasing the effect on corrosivity of effluents.
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Hernández Mata, Karla Miriam, Onofre Monge Amaya, María Teresa Certucha Barragán, Francisco Javier Almendariz Tapia, and Evelia Acedo Félix. "Metallic Biosorption Using Yeasts in Continuous Systems." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/578729.
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Mining effluents were found to be the main source of pollution by heavy metals of the surface water in the San Pedro River in Sonora, Mexico. The overall objective of this study was to determine the biosorption of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe with yeasts isolated from San Pedro River in a continuous system. The tests conducted in two reactors packed with zeolite connected in series. The first reactor was inoculated mixing two yeasts species, and the effluent of the first reactor was fed to second reactor. Subsequently, the first reactor was fed with contaminated water of San Pedro River and effluent from this was the second reactor influent. After 40 days of the experiment a reduction of 81.5% zinc, 76.5% copper, manganese 95.5%, and 99.8% of iron was obtained. These results show that the selected yeasts are capable of biosorbing zinc, copper, manganese, and iron under these conditions.
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Gupta, G. S., and Y. C. Sharma. "Environmental Management of Textile and Metallic Industrial Effluents." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 168, no. 1 (November 1994): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1994.1400.
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Gupta, Ghan S., Arun K. Singh, Balbir S. Tyagi, Gur Prasad, and Vishwa N. Singh. "Treatment of carpet and metallic effluents by China clay." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 55, no. 3 (April 24, 2007): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.280550313.
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de Jesus Carvalho de Souza, Vinícius, José Cláudio Caraschi, Wander Gustavo Botero, Luciana Camargo de Oliveira, and Danielle Goveia. "Development of Cotton Linter Nanocellulose for Complexation of Ca, Fe, Mg and Mn in Effluent Organic Matter." Water 13, no. 19 (October 6, 2021): 2765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192765.
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Effluent organic matter (EfOM) is present in different domestic and industrial effluents, and its capacity to hold metallic ions can interfere in the wastewater treatment process. Due to the low quality of water, new sustainable technologies for this purpose have become extremely important, with the development of renewable-source nanomaterials standing out in the literature. Nanocellulose (NC) deserves to be highlighted in this context due to its physicochemical characteristics and its natural and abundant origin. In this context, the interactions between NC extracted from cotton linter, organic matter fraction (humic substances) and metal ions have been evaluated. Free metal ions (Ca, Fe, Mg and Mn) were separated by ultrafiltration and quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry. The nanomaterial obtained showed potential for the treatment of effluents containing iron even in the presence of organic matter. The probable interaction of organic matter with NC prevents the efficient removal of calcium, magnesium and manganese. For these elements, it is desirable to increase the interaction between metal and NC by modifying the surface of the nanomaterial.
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Bykovsky, Nikolai A., Lyudmila N. Puchkova, and Nadezhda N. Fanakova. "Regeneration of etching solution used in the production of printed circuit boards." E3S Web of Conferences 525 (2024): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452502010.
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Some waste waters containing copper are formed during the production of printed circuit boards. When these effluents are discharged into the reservoir, they must be diluted 140,000 times, and the treatment of these copper-containing effluents causes the copper loosing. The paper presents the results obtained during the study of electrochemical processing of copper-containing effluents formed at the stage of PCBs etching. The spent solution processing was realized in a membrane electrolytic cell. An increase in current density results in an increase in process speed. Along with a decrease in copper concentration in the solution, the hydrochloric acid was concentrated. It is shown that it is possible to regenerate the etching solution and obtain a metallic copper.
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Ashok Kumar, B., S. Jothiramalingam, S. K. Thiyagarajan, T. Hidhayathullakhan, and R. Nalini. "Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals from Paper Mill Effluent Soil Using Croton sparsiflorus." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 36 (July 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.36.1.
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Effluents from industries contain appreciable amount of metallic cations like zinc, copper, iron, manganese, lead and cadmium. Release of heavy metal without proper treatment poses a significant threat to public health because of its persistence biomagnifications and accumulation in food chain. To reduce metal pollution problems many processes have been developed for the treatment and disposal of metal containing wastes. Certain plants have the ability to accumulate heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Cd and Zn. At present, phytoremediation of metals may be approaching commercialization. Hence, possibility can be explored to remove heavy metal load, present even in low concentration, in waste water of paper mill effluent soil by using Croton sparsiflorus.
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Ashok Kumar, B., S. Jothiramalingam, S. K. Thiyagarajan, T. Hidhayathullakhan, and R. Nalini. "Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals from Paper Mill Effluent Soil Using <i>Croton sparsiflorus</i>." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 36 (July 15, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-9s7q5s.
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Effluents from industries contain appreciable amount of metallic cations like zinc, copper, iron, manganese, lead and cadmium. Release of heavy metal without proper treatment poses a significant threat to public health because of its persistence biomagnifications and accumulation in food chain. To reduce metal pollution problems many processes have been developed for the treatment and disposal of metal containing wastes. Certain plants have the ability to accumulate heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Cd and Zn. At present, phytoremediation of metals may be approaching commercialization. Hence, possibility can be explored to remove heavy metal load, present even in low concentration, in waste water of paper mill effluent soil by using Croton sparsiflorus.
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Dra, Abdelaiz, Abdelali El Gaidoumi, Karim Tanji, Aziz Chaouni Benabdallah, Abdeslem Taleb, and Abdelhak Kherbeche. "Characterization and Quantification of Heavy Metals in Oued Sebou Sediments." Scientific World Journal 2019 (June 26, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7496576.
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The discharge of large quantities of industrial and domestic effluents into the estuaries, with or without treatment, has led to an increase in the amount of micropollutants present in the sediments. In this study, we have assessed the quality of sediments of Sebou river studying the physicochemical parameters, percentage of organic matter, mineralogy, and trace levels of metal elements trapped in the sample sediments of Sebou river. The sediments samples were collected from the upstream of Fez river, confluence between the Fez river and the Sebou river, Ain Nokbi river, and edge of Sebou river, where wastewaters from the city of Fez are discharged. The sediments samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, while trace levels of metallic elements, Calcium, Zinc, Copper, Cadmium, Iron, and Nickel, were determined by the ICP-AES analysis. The obtained results show that there is a significant change in the values of the studied metals which is probably due to industrial effluents. Indeed, the metal content in the sediments reaches particularly high values exceeding the limit recommended by WHO. These results suggested that the pollution by metallic industrial effluents discharged without treatments poses potential threat to the receiving rivers and may represent a danger for humans which are exposed to pollutants due to the numerous uses of such river waters.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Metallic effluents"
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Robin, Mathurin. "Développement d’un processus de décontamination d’effluent radioactif - Application aux alliages métalliques décontaminés par voie chimique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IMTA0428.
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L’exploitation de l’énergie nucléaire permet la production d’une grande quantité d’électricité tout en minimisant la production de gaz à effet de serre. Cependant, la gestion des déchets nucléaires reste un enjeu majeur et notamment celle des déchets métalliques contaminés. Leur décontamination par voie chimique (ex. COREMIX) est très efficace mais génère des volumes importants d’effluents secondaires, eux-mêmes décontaminés à l’aide de résines spécifiques dont le coût de traitement est élevé. Ce manuscrit de thèse porte sur l’élaboration d’un processus de pré-traitement d’effluents métalliques radioactifs dans le but de réduire la quantité de résines nécessaires. Pour cela, un protocole de précipitation par voie hydroxyde a été développé sur des échantillons synthétiques, avant d’être optimisé sur des échantillons simulés et validé sur des effluents radioactifs. D’autres méthodes de précipitation, comme celles par voies sulfure, phosphate et par électrocoagulation ont été étudiées afin de rendre le protocole polyvalent et adaptable à grande échelle. Bien que des ajustements aient été nécessaires afin de s’adapter à la composition des déchets, les protocoles développés permettent de décontaminer efficacement les effluents tout en réduisant considérablement le volume de résine nécessaireThe use of nuclear energy makes it possible to produce large amounts of electricity while minimising the production of greenhouse gases. However, the management of nuclear waste remains a major challenge, particularly contaminated metal waste. Chemical decontamination (eg. COREMIX) is very effective, but generates large volumes of secondary effluents, which in turn require costly decontamination using specific resins. This work focuses on the development of a pre-treatment process for radioactive metal effluents with the aim of reducing the amount of resins required. To this end, a hydroxide precipitation protocol was developed on synthetic samples before being optimised on simulated samples and validated on radioactive effluents. Other precipitation methods such as sulphide, phosphate and electrocoagulation were investigated to make the protocol versatile and adaptable on a large scale. Although adjustments had to be made to suit the composition of the waste, the protocols developed enabled the effluents to be effectively decontaminated while significantly reducing the volume of resin required
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Escudero, Oñate Carlos. "Valorisation of industrial wastes for the removal of metals and arsenic from aqueous effluents." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7802.
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En la presente tesis se han realizado estudios de eliminación de metales pesados y arsénico de aguas contaminadas mediante procesos de adsorción sobre materiales de bajo coste. Dichos materiales son, en todos los casos, subproductos de industrias agroalimentarias o metalúrgicas.La tesis consta de diferentes capítulos enmarcados en tres secciones: (i) Eliminación de cromo hexavalente y trivalente (ii) Eliminación de cationes divalentes de metales pesados en presencia de complejantes y en mezclas multimetálicas y (iii) Eliminación de arsénico utilizando un subproducto de la industria de cromados metálicos como adsorbente. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que ciertos residuos industriales pueden ser utilizados como adsorbentes en la detoxificación de efluentes contaminados con metales pesados. La tecnología propuesta representa una alternativa sostenible y de bajo coste frente a los tratamientos actuales más costosos y dependientes, en muchas ocasiones, de productos derivados del petróleo.The present thesis focuses on the removal of heavy metal cations and arsenic from polluted aqueous effluents by adsorption onto low cost sorbents. These materials are, in all the cases, by-products of agroalimentary or metallurgical industries.The document is formed by different chapters structured in three sections. These sections concern: (i) Hexavalent and trivalent chromium removal, (ii) heavy metal cations removal in presence of complexing agents and from multimetal mixtures and (iii) arsenic removal by sorption onto a by-product of an electroplating industry.The results obtained point out that several industrial wastes can be successfully used as sorbents to remove heavy metals from aqueous polluted effluents. The proposed technology represents a low cost and environmental-friendly alternative to the current treatments, more expensive and many times, dependent of oil derivatives.
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Oliveira, Juliana de Almeida Silva. "Uso de macrófitas para remoção de metais em efluentes líquidos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-22102018-113828/.
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Nesse trabalho foi avaliada a capacidade de adsorção da biomassa da com macrófita Eichhornia crassipes (aguapé) em efluente sintético contendo íons de metais Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn e Co. Primeiramente foram determinadas as áreas superficiais específicas de cada uma das partes da planta (caule, folha e raiz) separadamente. A raiz foi a parte selecionada e em seguida foi ativada quimicamente com HCl e NaOH 0,1 mol L-1. A raiz ativada com HCl foi utilizada para os estudos dos parâmetros de adsorção: influência do pH, do tempo de contato e da concentração inicial dos íons em solução. Para as determinações propostas, foram utilizados como métodos analíticos de análise por ativação neutrônica instrumental para os íons do Co, Zn e Cr e análise por absorção atômica com forno de grafite para determinação da concentração dos íons de Cd e Pb. Nas duas técnicas, foram analisadas amostras de biomassa antes e após os experimentos de adsorção. Tanto a ativação ácida quanto a básica provocam um aumento da área superficial, porém o tratamento ácido produziu um material de mais fácil moagem. A eficiência de remoção e porcentagem de adsorção do íon Cr não foi satisfatória nas condições de realização deste trabalho. Para os demais íons verificou-se um aumento da eficiência de adsorção com o aumento do pH, do tempo de contato e da concentração inicial. Pode-se concluir que a biomassa ativada da raiz de Eichhornia crassipes é uma alternativa rápida, barata e eficiente para remoção dos íons metálicos considerados neste trabalho, sendo que a eficiência de remoção presentou a seguinte ordem decrescente: Pb > Cd > Zn > Co > Cr.In this work the adsorption capacity of the macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes (aguapé) biomass was evaluated in synthetic effluent containing Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn and Co metal ions. At first, the specific surface areas of each part of the plant (stem, leaf and root) were determined. The root was the selected part and then chemically activated HCl and 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH. The HCl activated root was used for the studies of the adsorption parameters: pH, contact time and initial concentration of the solution influence. In order to determine the concentration of the Cd and Pb ions the analytical method graphite furnace atomic absorption was used and to analyze Co, Zn and Cr, instrumental neutron activation analysis was applied. The analysis was made in the biomass samples before and after the adsorption experiments. Both acid and basic activation caused an increase in surface area, but the acid treatment produced a material easier to grind. The adsorption efficiency and adsorption percentage of the Cr was not satisfactory under the conditions of this work. For the other ions, an increase of the adsorption efficiency with the increase of pH, contact time and initial concentration was verified. It was possible to conclude that the activated biomass of Eichhornia crassipes roots is a fast, cheap and efficient alternative for the removal of the metal ions considered in this work, and the removal efficiency had the following decreasing order: Pb> Cd> Zn> Co> Cr.
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Ben, Amar Marwa. "Characterization of adsorption processes for the removal of metal ions from waste effluents using biosorbents and graphene-based sorbents. Studies in Batch and in fixed-bed column." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673800.
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Wastewater discharged from industrial and agricultural activities contains relatively large
amounts of toxic metal ions, especially including Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb (II), and Cr(VI). The removal
of these pollutants is of great interest from both health and environmental perspectives. Arsenic
contamination, generally associated with the geochemical environment, is a global threat due to
its acute toxicity and carcinogenicity. The oxidation of different mineral species due to the redox
conditions causes arsenic to become soluble and enter into the surrounding environment through
drainage water. Conventional technologies for wastewater treatment and water purification such
as precipitation, coagulation-flocculation, membrane processes, electrodialysis and ion-exchange
are of limited utility due to their high cost, inefficiency in removing low metal concentrations,
and sometimes also because they can generate large volumes of sludge. Adsorption is an
attractive alternative due to its simplicity, its ability to remove trace amounts of metal ions, low
cost, short operation time, and for the capacity for the material to be reused. Sorption processes
are based on physical adsorption, chemical adsorption and ion exchange mechanisms. Among the
different sorbent materials, activated carbon is the most widely used despite its high initial cost
together with its regeneration costs. In the search for highly efficient, eco-friendly and economic
adsorbents, agricultural waste and by-products from forest industries, including tea waste, coffee,
hulls and shells from different nuts, sawdust, barks, cellulosic and lignocellulosic waste,
corncobs, rice hulls, olive cake, fruit peels, sugar beet pulp, palm fruit bunch, maize leaves,
among others, have been evaluated as biosorbents. They all typically have a good capacity to
adsorb metal ions due to their porous structure and the fact that they have having carboxyl,
hydroxyl, and other functional groups on their surface. The type of functional groups and
chemical components of lignocellulosic materials makes them a good alternative adsorbent to
treat contaminated effluents. The costs of these treatments will be low if the most suitable locally
available biosorbents are used. Hence, in our case, we have evaluated lignocellulosic agroindustrial
waste that is available in the Mediterranean region, such as olive stones and pine cones,
as efficient biosorbents for the removal of toxic metal ions such as Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and
Cr(VI)Les aigües residuals generades per activitats agrícoles i industrials diverses contenen quantitats relativament grans d’ions metàl·lics tòxics, entre els què s’inclouen els ions Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) i Cr(VI). L’eliminació d’aquests contaminants té un gran interès tant des de la perspectiva de la salut com del medi ambient. La contaminació per arsènic, generalment associada a l’entorn geoquímic, és un problema mundial a causa de la seva aguda toxicitat i carcinogenicitat. L'oxidació de diferents espècies minerals a causa de les condicions redox del medi aquàtic fa que l'arsènic sigui soluble i entri al medi ambient a través de l'aigua de drenatge. Les tecnologies convencionals per tractar les aigües residuals i depurar les aigües, com la precipitació, la coagulació-floculació, els processos de membrana, l’electrodiàlisi i l’intercanvi iònic, són d’utilitat limitada pel seu alt cost, la seva ineficiència en l’eliminació de baixes concentracions de metalls i, de vegades, també perquè poden generar grans volums de fangs. L’adsorció és un tractament alternatiu d’interès atesa la seva simplicitat, la seva capacitat d’eliminar ions metàl·lics a nivell de traces, el seu baix cost, curt temps d’operació i la potencial reutilització dels adsorbents. L’adsorció es pot basar en processos d’adsorció física, adsorció química i d’intercanvi iònic. Entre els diferents materials absorbents, el carbó actiu és el més utilitzat malgrat el seu preu elevat i els costos de regeneració. Com adsorbents alternatius, eficients i ecològics s’ha proposat l’ús de residus agrícoles i subproductes derivats de les indústries forestals, entre els que cal esmentar, entre d’altres, els residus de te i cafè, closques de diferents fruits secs, serradures, escorces, panotxes de blat de moro, pellofes d’arròs, pells de fruita, polpa de remolatxa sucrera, raïm de palma, fulles de blat de moro, i, en general, tot tipus de residus cel·lulòsics i lignocel·lulòsics. Molts d’aquests biosorbents han mostrat tenir una bona capacitat d’adsorció d’ions metàl·lics atesa la seva estructura porosa i la presència de grups funcionals carbonil, carboxil, hidroxil i d’altres tipus com amino o tiol en la superfície del biosorbent. . El tipus de grups funcionals i composició química dels materials lignocel·lulòsics fa que siguin una bona alternativa a altres adsorbents pel tractament d’efluents contaminats. Els costos d’aquests tractaments serien baixos si s’utilitzen els biosorbents adients disponibles localment. Per tant, en el nostre cas, s’han seleccionat residus agro-industrials lignocel·lulòsics disponibles a la regió mediterrània, com els pinyols d’oliva i les pinyes (estròbils), i s’ha avaluat la seva eficiència en l’eliminació d’ions metàl·lics tòxics com Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) i Cr(VI)
Programa de Doctorat en Química
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Andrew-Priestley, Megan. "Molluscan biomonitor for quantification and impact assessment of estrogenic and metallic contaminants in Australian marine ecosystems." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/921488.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Estrogenic compounds have been identified as a potential cause of reproductive effects in aquatic wildlife worldwide. This thesis was focused on the development of a native Australian species, the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata, as a biomonitor of estrogenic compounds in Australian marine ecosystems. Biomarkers of estrogenic exposure in S. glomerata were examined under laboratory and field exposures to estrogenic compound/s. Laboratory exposure of 17α- ethynylestradiol (EE2) to S. glomerata elevated vitellogenin (precursor to the female egg yolk protein) production in both females and males in a dose dependent manner but vitellogenin concentrations declined to basal levels after 49 days exposure. Exposure to EE2 was also capable of inducing accelerated female development, enlarged oocytes and an increase in the proportion of females. Increased proportions of females together with histological observations suggested that a complete sex reversal had occurred from male-intersex-female for a proportion of individuals. A novel real-time qPCR assay for S. glomerata vitellogenin was developed. Sequencing of partial fragments of vitellogenin mRNA and vitellogenin genomic DNA allowed the identification of an intron-exon boundary and the development of real-time qPCR primers. Real-time qPCR revealed that female vitellogenin gene expression responded in a dose response fashion in individuals exposed to a concentration gradient of EE2 for 4 days. To further test biomarker utility, S. glomerata were deployed in the receiving waters of Burwood wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for 6 weeks, during which effluent was analysed for estrogenic compounds and activity. Sewage effluent from Burwood was found to contain both estrogenic compounds and activity, also S. glomerata deployed at Burwood had higher female vitellogenin (both protein and gene expression) and a higher proportion of mature females compared to individuals at reference locations. As S. glomerata is an established biomonitor of metallic contaminants, it was employed for the analysis of heavy metals in individuals deployed at Burwood and reference locations. Concentrations of heavy metals in S. glomerata were found to be at low concentrations and within boundaries of spatial variation. Overall, findings indicate that S. glomerata would be suitable as a biomonitor of estrogenic exposure and effects in the marine environment.
Books on the topic "Metallic effluents"
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Océanique, Association Européenne. Metallic Effluents of Industrial Origin in the Marine Environment: A Report Prepared for the Directorate-General for Industrial and Technological Affairs and for the Environment and Consumer Protection Service of the European Communities by l'Association Europeenne Oceanique. Springer London, Limited, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Metallic effluents"
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Ali, Ahmed Elsayid, Zaira Zaman Chowdhury, Rahman F. Rafique, Rabia Ikram, Abu Nasser Mohammad Faisal, ShahJalal Shibly, Arnab Barua, Yasmin Abdul Wahab, and Badrul Mohamed Jan. "Science and Technology Roadmap for Adsorption of Metallic Contaminants from Aqueous Effluents Using Biopolymers and Its’ Derivatives." In Advanced Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation of Water, 165–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83811-9_9.
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Paswan, Dayanand, and Malathi Madhurai. "An Innovative Process for Production of TiO2 from Low Grade Raw Materials." In Iron Ores and Iron Oxide [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1001277.
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Conventionally titanium oxide is produced from Ilmenite ore by carbothermic reduction of iron in the ore. The metal is subsequently leached out to produce high purity titanium oxide which leads to a loss of metallic iron. In addition, the process requires elaborate steps for disposal of effluents which are produced in proportion equal to that of the oxide. This adds to the cost of the process considerably. Other process routes for the production of titanium oxide from the ore suffer from similar drawbacks. Therefore, the objective is to develop an innovative process for the production of titanium oxide using ilmenite ore and lean grade coal via reduction technique and separation of iron from titanium oxide through melting route.
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Kumar, Ashok, Kaman Singh, Utkarsh Dixit, Rayees Ahmad Bhat, and Satya Prakash Gupta. "Removal of Arsenic -¨A Silent Killer¨ in the Environment by Adsorption Methods." In Arsenic [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98985.
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Water is one of the most essential requirements for living being to survive because 70–80% of the mass of most living bodies consists of water and various mineral and organic salts . Water is also most important component of our environment. Large amount of water is used in various industries or commercial level or domestic level and finally effluent water is loaded with large amount of pollutants such as organic chemicals (surfactants, dyes, phenols etc.), inorganic hazardous heavy metals (As in present case) microbes (bacteria, fungi etc.) pollutants particulate etc. Arsenic is a natural metalloid chemical that may be present in groundwater and surface water gets polluted, hence, aquatic life of plants and animals is disturbed and cause abnormal growth and various diseases, hence, short term or long term changes occurs in ecosystem. Hence, treatment of wastewater is essentially required before discharge effluent wastewater into ponds or lagoons, drains and rivers. Arsenic is one such element that contaminates the environment as reported in several countries. The largest population at risk is in Bangladesh followed by India (West Bengal). Arsenic is familiar as silent killer because dissolved in water, it is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, yet consumption of relatively small doses of this element in its most toxic forms can cause rapid and violent death. It is a human carcinogen in water over a wide range of pH values, having harmful effects on both human health and environment, even at low concentration. Because of this effect, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) set the arsenic standard for drinking water at .010 ppm to protect consumers served by public water systems. Ingestion only poses health problems if a dangerous amount of arsenic enters the body. Then, it can lead to cancer, liver disease, coma, and death. There is no effective treatment for arsenic toxicity. Only the removal of arsenic from aqueous system can prevent the toxicity. A great deal of research over recent decades has been done to lower the concentration of arsenic in drinking water and still there is a need to develop ecofriendly techniques. Existing major arsenic removal technologies include oxidation, adsorption, precipitation, coagulation and membrane separation. This book chapter presents a systematic description of current status of research in the area of arsenic removal from contaminated water and comparison of all technologies available with more emphasis on adsorption.
Conference papers on the topic "Metallic effluents"
1
Moggia, Fabrice, and Xavier Lecardonnel. "Metallic Surfaces Decontamination by Using LASER Light." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96301.
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Metal surface cleaning appears to be one of the major priorities for industries especially for nuclear industries. The research and the development of a new technology that is able to meet the actual requirements (i.e. waste volume minimization, liquid effluents and chemicals free process…) seems to be the main commitment. Currently, a wide panel of technologies already exists (e.g. blasting, disk sander, electrodecontamination…) but for some of them, the efficiency is limited (e.g, Dry Ice blasting) and for others, the wastes production (liquid and/or solid) remains an important issue. One answer could be the use of a LASER light process. Since a couple of years, the Clean-Up Business Unit of the AREVA group investigates this decontamination technology. Many tests have been already performed in inactive (i.e. on simulants such as paints, inks, resins, metallic oxides) or active conditions (i.e. pieces covered with a thick metallic oxide layer and metallic pieces covered with grease). The paper will describe the results obtained in term of decontamination efficiency during all our validation process. Metallographic characterizations (i.e. SEM, X-ray scattering) and radiological analysis will be provided. We will also focus our paper on the future deployment of the LASER technology and its commercial use at La Hague reprocessing facility in 2013.
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Dano, D. T. R., I. Park, M. Ito, V. J. T. Resabal, and C. B. Tabelin. "Recovery of valuable metals from acid mine drainage using aluminum-iron (AL-FE) bimetallic particles." In International Symposium on Earth Resources Management & Environment - ISERME 2024, 229. Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Hokkaido University, Japan, 2024. https://doi.org/10.31705/iserme.2024.38.
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Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a mining industry waste that has been identified as a global critical pollutant. Due to its high acidity and high metal content, it poses detrimental effects to the environment and ecosystems. Current approaches to the study of AMD control perceive it as an environmental concern due to its nature; with current mitigation and remediation methods focusing on either controlling its acidity or sequestering the metals present in the waste effluent. The high metallic nature of AMD, however, may be viewed not only as an environmental concern but also as a potential secondary source for valuable metals. This study investigated the viability of utilizing locally sourced recycled Al-scrap to synthesize magnetic Al-Fe bimetallic materials to recover copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) from synthetic AMD. The effects of varying bimetal dosages (5, 10, and 20 g/L) and contact times (5–120 mins.) were investigated (see Figure 1). The results revealed that Al/Fe bimetallic materials can positively recover Cu and Zn and that both bimetal dosage and contact time were significant factors in metal recovery. For Cu, a maximum recovery of 100% is observed after 10 min using 10 g/L bimetal dosage. A maximum recovery of 98% for Zn was obtained after 120 mins at 20 g/L bimetal dosage. XPS and SEM-EDX results revealed the presence of zero-valent Cu and Zn on the bimetal surface after the recovery process. This suggests that the main mechanism for the metal recovery is electrochemical reduction from three occurrences: (1) direct reduction by Al, (2) direct reduction by Fe, and (3) reduction from the galvanic interaction in the Al/Fe bimetal system. Furthermore, a significant increase in pH from 2.12 to 5.72 was recorded after the process. This suggests that the application of Al-Fe bimetallic materials does not only have potential in metal recovery but also in simultaneously neutralizing the AMD. Hence, the recovery of valuable metals from AMD using scrap-based Al-Fe bimetallic materials shows promise as a metallurgical extraction method which additionally offers a practical approach for possible remediation and sustainable management of waste streams, specifically mining effluents such as AMD.
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Causse, Jeremy, Cyril Roussignol, Jean-Franc¸ois Vale´ry, and Jean-Charles Hamel. "New Degreasing Formulations for the Decontamination of Solid Substrates, Consistent With Concentration and Vitrification Process of the Final Wastes." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59166.
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Decontamination facilities use various techniques to decontaminate solid substrates. The aim of these facilities is either to recover the substrate for a future second life, or to sufficiently lower the radioactivity level in order to reduce the final volume of high activity waste. One of these techniques remains in aqueous bathes under ultrasonic agitation. This technique is very suitable for the decontamination of small metallic pieces. Most of those pieces are covered with various greases or organic oils very resistant to classical aqueous washes. Thus, this oily layer contains some unfixed radionuclides that must be removed to reach the aimed decontamination factor. This urged decontamination facilities operating staff to consider additive molecules necessary to render aqueous washes consistent with such a contamination. These molecules, namely surfactants, act on the liquid surface to increase affinity between aqueous and oily phases. The surfactant formulations commonly used in French decontamination facilities are standard industrial formulations (F1, F2). Those formulations are generally designed by international manufacturers to be consistent with several applications. Thus, there isn’t any specific formulation fitted to nuclear applications. Today, according to potential modification of the final wastes conditioning matrix (for instance glass matrix instead of bitumen matrix), this standard formulations use could move to the use of some dedicated formulations for nuclear use. The glass matrix and related effluents concentration process required effluents with controlled chemical composition with regard to the presence of radionuclides. However, the composition of the industrial formulations used until today are not precisely known (according to trade secret), and sometimes can contain molecules unfitted to the final waste vitrification process. For instance, some sodium silicates are used to bring basic properties to the surfactant formulations whereas this kind of compounds is quite inappropriate to the concentration process (possible formation of gel in nitric acid with high concentration of silicates). The present study deals with the potential replacement of these industrial formulations by other ones with controlled chemical composition and concentration. Each new formulation consists of an assembly of well-known surfactants. The first stage of this study involves the degreasing power evaluation for every formulation. Solid and liquid greases detachment is assessed thanks to different techniques. For instance, the study of liquid greases detachment is achieved thanks to a CCD camera. The contact angle between the solid substrate and the grease is followed up during the degreasing step. This allows us to draw degreasing kinetics so as to compare the formulation effectiveness including industrial ones. The second stage of this work presents decontamination factor achieved during real operations with the new designed formulations. These tests were performed in an industrial decontamination facility and the efficiency of the new formulations is compared to the standard industrial ones.
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Al-Khaledi, Abdullah, Hamad Al-Zuwayer, and Fahad Al-Ghanem. "Case Study for Releasing Stuck Pig in Non-Metallic Pipeline." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33072.
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This paper discusses a case study regarding a stuck pig in a non-metallic pipeline used for effluent water service. The line was pigged and half way through the operation, the pig got stuck in the pipeline. The exact location of the pig was not known and huge sludge volume was recovered at the receiving station. Several attempts were made to release the stuck pig; these attempts were constrained by the nature of the non-metallic pipeline and its design. Through collaboration with the downstream section of Kuwait Oil Company, we were able to free the stuck pig and continue the pigging operation. Ideas that were considered and implemented to free the pig will be shared and the method chosen and implemented.
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Wilbraham, R. J., C. Boxall, and R. J. Taylor. "Surface Decontamination by Photocatalysis." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16068.
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Currently in the nuclear industry, surface contamination in the form of radioactive metal or metal oxide deposits is most commonly removed by chemical decontamination, electrochemical decontamination or physical attrition. Physical attrition techniques are generally used on structural materials (concrete, plaster), with (electro)chemical methods being used to decontaminate metallic or painted surfaces. The most common types of (electro)chemical decontamination are the use of simple mineral acids such as nitric acid or cerium (IV) oxidation (MEDOC). Use of both of these reagents frequently results in the dissolution of a layer of the substrate surface increasing the percentage of secondary waste which leads to burdens on downstream effluent treatment and waste management plants. In this context, both mineral acids and MEDOC can be indiscriminate in the surfaces attacked during deployment, e.g. attacking in transit through a pipe system to the site of contamination resulting in both diminished effect of the decontaminating reagent upon arrival at its target site and an increased secondary waste management requirement. This provides two main requirements for a more ideal decontamination reagent: Improved area specificity and a dissolution power equal to or greater than the previously mentioned current decontaminants. Photochemically promoted processes may provide such a decontamination technique. Photochemical reduction of metal ion valence states to aid in heavy metal deposition has already been extensively studied [1], with reductive manipulation also being achieved with uranium and plutonium simulants (Ce) [2]. Importantly photooxidation of a variety of metals, including neptunium [3], has also been achieved. Here we report on the potential application of this technology to metal dissolution.