Journal articles: 'Metallic channel'

1

Maiti, Santanu K. "Persistent Current in Metallic Rings and Cylinders." Solid State Phenomena 155 (May 2009): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.155.87.

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We explore the behavior of persistent current and low-field magnetic response in mesoscopic one-channel rings and multi-channel cylinders within the tight-binding framework. We show that the characteristic properties of persistent current strongly depend on total number of electrons , chemical potential μ, randomness and total number of channels. The study of low-field magnetic response reveals that only for one-channel rings with fixed , sign of the low-field currents can be predicted exactly, even in the presence of disorder. On the other hand, for multi-channel cylinders, sign of the low-field currents cannot be mentioned exactly, even in the perfect systems with fixed as it significantly depends on the choices of , μ, number of channels, disordered configurations, etc.

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Lee, Shuo Jen, Yu Ming Lee, Chi Yuan Lee, J. J. Lai, K. T. Yang, and F. H. Kuan. "The Electrochemical Micro-Fabrication Method for Micro-Scale Flow Channels." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.885.

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Due to lack of desirable mechanical properties of silicon substrate; the current trend of micro-fabrication technology is towards metallic materials. In this study, the electrochemical micromachining (EMM) technology is developed to fabricate micro-scale flow channels on thin metallic 316L stainless steel plate. The cathode electrode, the tool, is the mirror image of flow channels. It was produced by the MEMS and UV-LIGA technology and the size is 200μm in width and 500μm in height for the intension to fabricate a serpentine flow channel of 200μm in both depth and width. Because of the electrode size, the process control parameters and geometrical features surpassed conventional and CMOS methods. The flow channels on 0.6mm thick SS 316L plates were fabricated by EMM process within 30 seconds with effective area of 625mm2. The dimensions of flow channel were varying from 1504m to 5004m in width and about 2004m in depth. The results demonstrate the EMM technology produces good quality metallic flow channels efficiently.

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Narrainen, Jessen, Philippe Besnier, and Martine Gatsinzi Ibambe. "A geometry-based stochastic approach to emulate V2V communications’ main propagation channel metrics." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 3 (January 15, 2016): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715001749.

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In order to evaluate a communication system, we need to model the propagation channel of the relevant environments pertaining to that communication. In this paper, we propose a Geometry-Based Stochastic Channel Modeling approach to build up propagation channel simulations to assess the performance of vehicle-to-vehicle wireless communications. Our methodology allows the simulation of dynamic scenarios, with an electromagnetic simulator, to emulate typical propagation environments (rural, highway and urban-like propagation channels). Simple metallic plates are used to represent scatterers in the simulated geometric configurations. The common characteristics defining a propagation channel such as delay spread, angle of arrival distribution, and the delay-Doppler spectrum are obtained through adjustment of the number and location of those simple metallic plates.

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Wang, Yucheng, Qi Zhong, Risheng Hua, Lidong Cheng, Chunju Wang, Haidong He, Feng Chen, and Zhenwu Ma. "Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Stamping of Serpentine Micro-Channel for Titanium Bipolar Plates Used in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." Materials 16, no. 9 (April 28, 2023): 3461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16093461.

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Metallic bipolar plates (BPPs) are key components in the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which can replace traditional fossil fuels as a kind of clean energy. However, these kinds of plates, characterized by micro-channels with a high ratio between depth and width, are difficult to fabricate with an ultra-thin metallic sheet. Then, ultrasonic-vibration-assisted stamping is performed considering the acoustic softening effect. Additionally, the influence of various vibration parameters on the forming quality is analyzed. The experimental results show that ultrasonic vibration can obviously increase the channel depth. Among the vibration parameters, the vibration power has the maximum influence on the depth, the vibration interval time is the second, and the vibration duration time is the last. In addition, the rolling direction will affect the channel depth. When the micro-channels are parallel to the rolling direction, the depth of a micro-channel is the largest. This means that the developed ultrasonic-vibration-assisted stamping process is helpful for improving the forming limitation of micro-channels used for the bipolar plates in PEMFC.

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Chang, Dyi Huey, and Jung Chung Hung. "Fabrication of Fuel Cells with High Power Density Using Micro Electrical Discharge Machining Milling." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 1237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.1237.

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Light and thin bipolar plates are essential in increasing the power density of a fuel cell. To construct high-aspect-ratio micro flow channels in such plates is, however, a big challenge. This study reports on machining micro flow channels in metallic bipolar plates using micro electrical discharge machining milling (micro EDMM) with a tungsten carbide electrode. We successfully machined metallic bipolar plates with 500μm channel and rib widths, height of 600μm in a reaction area of 20mm × 20mm, on 1mm thick of SUS316L stainless steel. The optimal operating parameters were explored and discussed. The performance of resulting fuel cell (Metallic-FC) was compared with a commercial available fuel cell composed of graphite bipolar plates (Graphite-FC). The high temperature of Metallic-FC increases its electrochemical reaction rate and consequently yields higher power density (723 mWcm-2) then that of Graphite-FC (687.3 mWcm-2)

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Tang, Dai-Ming, Sergey V. Erohin, Dmitry G. Kvashnin, Victor A. Demin, Ovidiu Cretu, Song Jiang, Lili Zhang, et al. "Semiconductor nanochannels in metallic carbon nanotubes by thermomechanical chirality alteration." Science 374, no. 6575 (December 24, 2021): 1616–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abi8884.

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Straining to make a transistor The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as short-channel-length transistors will require control of their chirality, which determines whether they are semiconducting or metallic and if they form strong, low-resistance contacts. Tang et al . fabricated CNT intramolecular transistors by progressive heating and straining of individual CNTs within a transmission electron microscope. Changes to chirality along sections of the nanotube created metallic-to-semiconducting transitions. A semiconducting nanotube channel was covalently bonded to the metallic nanotube source and drain regions. The resulting CNT intramolecular transistors had channel lengths as short as 2.8 nanometers. —PDS

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Kim, Hyoung Seop, Min Hong Seo, Chang Seok Oh, and Sung Joon Kim. "Equal Channel Angular Pressing of Metallic Powders." Materials Science Forum 437-438 (October 2003): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.437-438.89.

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8

Jeng, Tzer-Ming, Li-Kang Liu, and Ying-Huei Hung. "A Novel Semi-empirical Model for Evaluating Thermal Performance of Porous Metallic Foam Heat Sinks." Journal of Electronic Packaging 127, no. 3 (May 8, 2004): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1997159.

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A novel semi-empirical model with an improved single blow method for exploring the heat transfer performance of porous aluminum-foam heat sinks in a channel has been successfully developed. The influencing parameters such as the steady-state air preheating temperature ratio, Reynolds number and medium porosity on local and average heat transfer behavior of porous aluminum-foam heat sinks in a channel are explored. The heat transfer enhancement of using a porous heat sink in a channel to a hollow channel is, (Nu¯b)ss∕(Nu¯b)ε=1, much greater than unity and generally decrease with increasing Re. Furthermore, two new correlations of (Nu¯b)ss and (Nu¯i)ss in terms of ϴ,Re,Da,γ and ε are proposed. As compared with the results evaluated by the transient liquid crystal method, the channel wall temperatures predicted by the present semi-empirical model have a more satisfactory agreement with the experimental data, especially for the cases with smaller porosities. The limitations with relevant error maps of using the transient liquid crystal method in porous aluminum foam channels are finally postulated.

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Cui, Lang, Shengmin Shao, Haitao Wang, Guoqing Zhang, Zejia Zhao, and Chunyang Zhao. "Recent Advances in the Equal Channel Angular Pressing of Metallic Materials." Processes 10, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 2181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10112181.

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Applications of a metallic material highly depend on its mechanical properties, which greatly depend on the material’s grain sizes. Reducing grain sizes by severe plastic deformation is one of the efficient approaches to enhance the mechanical properties of a metallic material. In this paper, severe plastic deformation of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) will be reviewed to illustrate its effects on the grain refinement of some common metallic materials such as titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, and magnesium alloys. In the ECAP process, the materials can be processed severely and repeatedly in a designed ECAP mold to accumulate a large amount of plastic strain. Ultrafine grains with diameters of submicron meters or even nanometers can be achieved through severe plastic deformation of the ECAP. In detail, this paper will give state-of-the-art details about the influences of ECAP processing parameters such as passes, temperature, and routes on the evolution of the microstructure of metallic materials. The evolution of grain sizes, grain boundaries, and phases of different metallic materials during the ECAP process are also analyzed. Besides, the plastic deformation mechanism during the ECAP process is discussed from the perspectives of dislocation slipping and twinning.

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10

Huang, You Min, Yi Syun Wu, and Shung Ping Wang. "The Fabrication of a Micro-Channel for Metallic Bipolar Plates Using a Rubber Pad Forming Process." Key Engineering Materials 626 (August 2014): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.626.16.

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A bipolar plate is one the most crucial and costliest of the various components of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). It is important to reduce the cost of bipolar plate, not only in terms of material, but also in terms of the manufacturing process, to allow the commercialization of PEMFC’s. The performance of PEMFC’s is also of importance. Metallic bipolar plates have been the subject of much attention recently, because of their low material cost, formability and excellent thermal and mechanical prosperities. Therefore, this study uses a rubber pad forming process for stainless 316L steel to fabricate a bipolar plate with serpentine channels. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is performed, in order to determine the influence of channel geometries, such as channel width, channel height and rib width, on the flow distribution of the reactant. Using the CFD results, finite element analysis models are then constructed and the formability of the micro-flow channel is studied. Finality, experiments are conducted to determine the channel height and thickness distribution of the bipolar plate. The numerical results are verified by the experimental results.

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11

Bourne, Gerald R., Jeffrey Bardt, W. G. Sawyer, John Ziegert, Danny Zeenberg, and Tony Schmitz. "Closed channel fabrication using micromolding of metallic glass." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 209, no. 10 (June 2009): 4765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.12.003.

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12

Rehman, Mehtab Ur, Qun Wang, and Yunfei Yu. "Electronic, Magnetic and Optical Properties of Double Perovskite Compounds: A First Principle Approach." Crystals 12, no. 11 (November 10, 2022): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12111597.

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Double perovskite compounds (DPCs) have gained much more attention due to their versatile character in the fields of electronics and spintronics. Using density functional theory (DFT) we investigated the electronic, magnetic and optical properties of DPC La2BB′O6 where B = Cr, Sc and V and B′ = Co, Ni. The electronic band gaps suggest these compounds are half-metallic (HF) semiconductors in the spin-up channel and metallic in the spin-down channel. Magnetic properties suggest these are ferromagnetic in nature, so all DPCs are half-metallic ferromagnetic (HM-FM). Furthermore, the compound La2CrCoO6 shows outstanding electronic and optical properties, so it can be used in optoelectronic/spintronic devices.

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13

Benhalima, C., S. Amari, L. Beldi, and B. Bouhafs. "First-Principles Study of Ferromagnetism in Iron Chromite Spinels: FeCr2O4 and CrFe2O4." SPIN 09, no. 03 (September 2019): 1950014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010324719500140.

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The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of FeCr2O4 and CrFe2O4 spinels have been investigated by the first-principles approach based on density functional theory (DFT) and the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method, within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA-PBE) and GGA-[Formula: see text] scheme. The stability of these spinels in the normal and inverse phases is evaluated. The spin-polarized electronic band structures and density of states of FeCr2O4 calculated by GGA-PBE and GGA-[Formula: see text] show that the minority spin channel has metallic nature and the majority spin channel has a half-metallic (HM) gap of 0.25[Formula: see text]eV and 1.30 eV, respectively. CrFe2O4 shows that both minority and majority spin channels have metallic nature when using GGA-PBE and half-semiconducting behavior with half-semiconductor gap of 0.71[Formula: see text]eV when using GGA-[Formula: see text], with magnetic moment of 2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] per formula unit. Analysis of density of states of these compounds indicates that the magnetic moment mainly originates from the strong spin-polarization of 3[Formula: see text] states of Fe and Cr atoms. Presence of HMF in FeCr2O4 and CrFe2O4 spinels makes these compounds promising compounds for spintronic applications.

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14

Andharia, Eesha, Hind Alqurashi, and Bothina Hamad. "Lattice Dynamics, Mechanical Properties, Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Equiatomic Quaternary Heusler Alloys CrTiCoZ (Z = Al, Si) Using First Principles Calculations." Materials 15, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 3128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093128.

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First principles calculations are performed to investigate the thermodynamical stability, dynamical, mechanical, electronic and magnetic properties of CrTiCoZ (Z = Al/Si) novel quaternary Heusler alloys. A Y-type III atomic configuration is found to be the most stable structure for both compounds. The lattice constant values obtained using GGA-PBE approach are 5.9368 Å and 5.7853 Å for CrTiCoAl and CrTiCoSi, respectively. Using the value of elastic moduli for both the compounds, the computed Pugh’s ratio value is 2.5 and 2.7 for CrTiCoAl and CrTiCoSi, respectively, which is higher than 1.75, indicating both the compounds are ductile in nature. The melting temperatures of both compounds are as high as 2142 K and 2420 K for CrTiCoAl and CrTiCoSi, respectively. The electronic structure calculations, using the GGA-PBE approach, show a half metallic behavior of CrTiCoAl. The spin-down channel exhibits a direct band gap of 0.15 eV, whereas the spin-up channel is metallic, making CrTiCoAl a half metallic ferromagnet with 100% spin polarization and an appreciable magnetic moment of −2 μB. However, CrTiCoSi is found to be semi-metallic in the spin-down channel and metallic in the spin-up channel, which leads to a spin polarization of 99.7% with a non-integer magnetic moment of −0.99 μB. The Curie temperature of CrTiCoAl is well above the room temperature (385 K), whereas that of CrTiCoSi is below the room temperature (203 K). Thus, CrTiCoAl is found to be more promising than CrTiCoSi as a spin injector in spintronic devices.

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Andharia, Eesha, Hind Alqurashi, and Bothina Hamad. "Lattice Dynamics, Mechanical Properties, Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Equiatomic Quaternary Heusler Alloys CrTiCoZ (Z = Al, Si) Using First Principles Calculations." Materials 15, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 3128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093128.

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First principles calculations are performed to investigate the thermodynamical stability, dynamical, mechanical, electronic and magnetic properties of CrTiCoZ (Z = Al/Si) novel quaternary Heusler alloys. A Y-type III atomic configuration is found to be the most stable structure for both compounds. The lattice constant values obtained using GGA-PBE approach are 5.9368 Å and 5.7853 Å for CrTiCoAl and CrTiCoSi, respectively. Using the value of elastic moduli for both the compounds, the computed Pugh’s ratio value is 2.5 and 2.7 for CrTiCoAl and CrTiCoSi, respectively, which is higher than 1.75, indicating both the compounds are ductile in nature. The melting temperatures of both compounds are as high as 2142 K and 2420 K for CrTiCoAl and CrTiCoSi, respectively. The electronic structure calculations, using the GGA-PBE approach, show a half metallic behavior of CrTiCoAl. The spin-down channel exhibits a direct band gap of 0.15 eV, whereas the spin-up channel is metallic, making CrTiCoAl a half metallic ferromagnet with 100% spin polarization and an appreciable magnetic moment of −2 μB. However, CrTiCoSi is found to be semi-metallic in the spin-down channel and metallic in the spin-up channel, which leads to a spin polarization of 99.7% with a non-integer magnetic moment of −0.99 μB. The Curie temperature of CrTiCoAl is well above the room temperature (385 K), whereas that of CrTiCoSi is below the room temperature (203 K). Thus, CrTiCoAl is found to be more promising than CrTiCoSi as a spin injector in spintronic devices.

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Andharia, Eesha, Hind Alqurashi, and Bothina Hamad. "Lattice Dynamics, Mechanical Properties, Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Equiatomic Quaternary Heusler Alloys CrTiCoZ (Z = Al, Si) Using First Principles Calculations." Materials 15, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 3128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093128.

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First principles calculations are performed to investigate the thermodynamical stability, dynamical, mechanical, electronic and magnetic properties of CrTiCoZ (Z = Al/Si) novel quaternary Heusler alloys. A Y-type III atomic configuration is found to be the most stable structure for both compounds. The lattice constant values obtained using GGA-PBE approach are 5.9368 Å and 5.7853 Å for CrTiCoAl and CrTiCoSi, respectively. Using the value of elastic moduli for both the compounds, the computed Pugh’s ratio value is 2.5 and 2.7 for CrTiCoAl and CrTiCoSi, respectively, which is higher than 1.75, indicating both the compounds are ductile in nature. The melting temperatures of both compounds are as high as 2142 K and 2420 K for CrTiCoAl and CrTiCoSi, respectively. The electronic structure calculations, using the GGA-PBE approach, show a half metallic behavior of CrTiCoAl. The spin-down channel exhibits a direct band gap of 0.15 eV, whereas the spin-up channel is metallic, making CrTiCoAl a half metallic ferromagnet with 100% spin polarization and an appreciable magnetic moment of −2 μB. However, CrTiCoSi is found to be semi-metallic in the spin-down channel and metallic in the spin-up channel, which leads to a spin polarization of 99.7% with a non-integer magnetic moment of −0.99 μB. The Curie temperature of CrTiCoAl is well above the room temperature (385 K), whereas that of CrTiCoSi is below the room temperature (203 K). Thus, CrTiCoAl is found to be more promising than CrTiCoSi as a spin injector in spintronic devices.

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17

Düngen, Monique, Thomas Hansen, Ramona Croonenbroeck, Rüdiger Kays, Bernd Holfeld, Dennis Wieruch, Pablo Wilke Berenguer, et al. "Channel measurement campaigns for wireless industrial automation." at - Automatisierungstechnik 67, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2018-0052.

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Abstract The factories of the future will be highly digitalized in order to enable flexible and interconnected manufacturing processes. Especially wireless technologies will be beneficial for industrial automation. However, the high density of metallic objects is challenging for wireless systems due to multipath fading. In order to understand the signal propagation in industrial environments, this paper provides results from a number of channel measurement campaigns funded by the German research initiative “Reliable wireless communication in the industry”. We give an overview of different measurement scenarios covering visible light communication and radio communication below 6 GHz. We analyze large and small scale parameters as well as delay statistics of the wireless channels. Finally, we discuss the importance of the results for the definition of industrial channel models.

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Lodro, Mir, Gabriele Gradoni, Christopher Smartt, David Thomas, and Steve Greedy. "Compact MIMO System Performances in Metallic Enclosures." Electronics 11, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 4188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11244188.

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In this work, we present a 2 × 2 near-field multi-input multiple-output (MIMO) prototype for bit-error-rate (BER) and error vector magnitude (EVM) measurements in a metal enclosure. The near-field MIMO prototype was developed using software-defined-radios (SDRs) for over-the-air transmission of QPSK modulated baseband waveforms. We checked the near-field MIMO BER and EVM measurements in three different scenarios in a highly reflecting metal enclosure environment. In the first scenario, the line-of-sight (LOS) communication link was investigated when the mode stirrer was stationary. In the stationary channel conditions, near-field MIMO BER and EVM measurements are performed. In the second scenario, BER and EVM measurements were performed in dynamic channel conditions when the mode stirrer was set to move continuously. In the third scenario, LOS communication near-field MIMO BER and EVM measurements were performed in stationary channel conditions but now in the presence of MIMO interference. In three different scenarios, near-field MIMO BER and EVM measurements were investigated at different Tx USRP gain values and in the presence of varying levels of MIMO interference.

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19

Keller, Nico, Alexander Bauer, Thomas von Unwerth, and Birgit Awiszus. "Method for Analytical Calculation of the Formability from Metallic Bipolar Plates." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 4, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp4010001.

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The constructive design of a flow field layout and the channel cross section parameters from a metallic half- or bipolar plate can have a significant influence on the performance characteristics of a fuel cell. One important aspect in the dimensioning of the channel geometry of half plates is the technical forming feasibility. In this article, first an equation is presented, which enables an analytical calculation of the channel parameters. Hereby, continuing calculations with parameter variations will be possible. Furthermore, the formability of the channel geometry of metallic half plates is evaluated through numerical and experimental investigations. Based on the results, an analytical model approach will be derived that enables an appraisal of the formability from channel cross section contours in an early development state. As a final step, the results of the numerical investigations and the analytical calculation method are compared and evaluated with the results of experimental investigations and other publications. It will be shown, that the derived analytical model approach has a good approximation compared to the effects and results from the numerical and experimental analysis. In particular, the assessment of whether a channel cross section can be manufactured safely is a result with high probability of the analytical model approach. Imprecisions happen, especially in variants with extreme geometries, for example, with very small radii or a huge channel depth. For this kind of variations, the analytical model behaves too sensitively, which makes it more difficult to estimate the damage effects. However, at an early development state, the analytical model offers a good method to get a pre-evaluation of the formability of channel cross sections with a simultaneous parameter variation possibility.

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Kitamura, Y., Y. Hatsukade, S. Tanaka, T. Ohtani, and S. Suzuki. "Detection System for Metallic Contaminants by Eight-Channel SQUIDs." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 352 (March 5, 2012): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/352/1/012036.

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Ando, Tsuneya, and Hidekatsu Suzuura. "Presence of Perfectly Conducting Channel in Metallic Carbon Nanotubes." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 71, no. 11 (November 15, 2002): 2753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.2753.

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Pisano, Eduardo, Victor Coello, Cesar E. Garcia-Ortiz, Yiting Chen, Jonas Beermann, and Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi. "Plasmonic channel waveguides in random arrays of metallic nanoparticles." Optics Express 24, no. 15 (July 19, 2016): 17080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.017080.

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Bauer, Alexander, Sebastian Härtel, and Birgit Awiszus. "Manufacturing of Metallic Bipolar Plate Channels by Rolling." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 3, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp3020048.

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Producing metallic bipolar plates for Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells by forming is still a topic of research. So far, it has mainly been applied for small batches, but it offers substantial advantages regarding both costs and installation space compared to the established graphite based solutions. One new possibility for an efficient manufacturing process of these metallic bipolar plates is the forming by rolling. For the first time, this technology was used for relevant industrial scale channel geometries. By the use of an experimental rolling mill, 0.1 mm thick 316L (1.4404) stainless steel foils were roll-formed to achieve previously designed channel geometries within one rolling pass. The conducted experiments show promising results regarding the forming accuracy and the shape of the channel cross-sections. With the aim for a proof of concept in the beginning and a subsequent optimization of the process, a numerical simulation was set up prior to the real experiments and later calibrated with the experimental forming results. This calibrated model was used for further improvements of the process with the objective at reducing wrinkles and distortion. The investigation of this new process method for the manufacturing of metallic bipolar plates shows enormous potential and can lead to a more efficient and cheaper production.

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KILIÇ, A. I., K. CZERSKI, P. HEIDE, A. HUKE, G. RUPRECHT, and N. TARGOSZ-ŚLȨCZKA. "ISOSPIN SYMMETRY BREAKING AND BRANCHING RATIO IN THE DEUTERON REACTIONS AT VERY LOW ENERGIES." International Journal of Modern Physics E 20, no. 02 (February 2011): 576–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301311018034.

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The target-material dependence of the neutron-proton branching ratio and breaking of the isospin symmetry in the the 2H(d, n)3He and 2H(d, p)3H reactions at very low deuteron energies have been investigated. Angular distributions and total cross sections of the proton and neutron mirror channels have been measured for nuclear reactions taking place in different metallic environments. For Sr , Li , Na targets, we have found a first evidence for an alteration of the neutron-proton branching ratio and angular anisotropy of the neutron channel. We discuss various theoretical approaches explaining isospin mixing effects both in gas and metallic target experiments including a deuteron polarization in the crystal lattice. Direct reaction contribution has been calculated within the zero range distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA).

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Tang, Hong Liang, Zhen Ping Wan, and Yong Tang. "Fabrication of Wave-Like Microstructure on the Bottom of Microflow Channel of Metallic Bipolar Plate." Key Engineering Materials 589-590 (October 2013): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.589-590.547.

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Metallic bipolar plates with unique wave-like microstructure on the bottom of microflow channel have shown promising prospects for the application in proton exchange membrane microfuel cell. A novel method—milling with special thin slotting cutters is developed for fabrication of wave-like microstructure on the bottom of microflow channels. The special thin slotting cutter is manufactured by removing one or several teeth every one tooth of the traditional slotting cutter regularly. Forming mechanism of wave-like microstructure is presented and experimental tests have been conducted for validation of the feasibility of the novel method. Results show that the wave-like microstructure can be successfully fabricated on the bottom of microflow channel. The bottom of bipolar plates with wave-like microstructure is not a flat plane, but a wavy groove. The wavelength and amplitude of wave-like microstructure increase with the increase of feed speed and the number of removed teeth.

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Reimer, Uwe, Dieter Froning, Gert Nelissen, Leonard F. J. M. Raymakers, Shidong Zhang, Steven B. Beale, and Werner Lehnert. "An Engineering Toolbox for the Evaluation of Metallic Flow Field Plates." ChemEngineering 3, no. 4 (October 11, 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering3040085.

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Metallic flow field plates, also called bipolar plates, are an important component of fuel cell stacks, electrolyzers, hydrogen purification and compression stacks. The manufacturing of these plates by means of stamping or hydroforming is highly suitable for mass production. In this work, a toolbox is created that is suitable for a screening process of different flow field design variants. For this purpose, the geometry and computational mesh are generated in an automated manner. Basic building blocks are combined using the open source software SALOME, and these allow for the construction of a large variant of serpentine-like flow field structures. These geometric variants are evaluated through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with the open source software OpenFOAM. The overall procedure allows for the screening of more than 100 variants within one week using a standard desktop computer. The performance of the flow fields is evaluated on the basis of two parameters: the overall pressure difference across the plate and the relative difference of the hydrogen concentration at the outlet of the channels. The results of such a screening first provide information about optimum channel geometry and the best choice of the general flow field layout. Such results are important at the beginning of the design process, as the channel geometry has an influence on the selection of the metal for deep drawing or hydroforming processes.

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Liyanage, Laalitha S. I., Jagoda Sławińska, Priya Gopal, Stefano Curtarolo, Marco Fornari, and Marco Buongiorno Nardelli. "High-Throughput Computational Search for Half-Metallic Oxides." Molecules 25, no. 9 (April 25, 2020): 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092010.

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Half metals are a peculiar class of ferromagnets that have a metallic density of states at the Fermi level in one spin channel and simultaneous semiconducting or insulating properties in the opposite one. Even though they are very desirable for spintronics applications, identification of robust half-metallic materials is by no means an easy task. Because their unusual electronic structures emerge from subtleties in the hybridization of the orbitals, there is no simple rule which permits to select a priori suitable candidate materials. Here, we have conducted a high-throughput computational search for half-metallic compounds. The analysis of calculated electronic properties of thousands of materials from the inorganic crystal structure database allowed us to identify potential half metals. Remarkably, we have found over two-hundred strong half-metallic oxides; several of them have never been reported before. Considering the fact that oxides represent an important class of prospective spintronics materials, we have discussed them in further detail. In particular, they have been classified in different families based on the number of elements, structural formula, and distribution of density of states in the spin channels. We are convinced that such a framework can help to design rules for the exploration of a vaster chemical space and enable the discovery of novel half-metallic oxides with properties on demand.

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Pagliarini, Luca, Luca Cattani, Vincent Ayel, Maksym Slobodeniuk, Cyril Romestant, and Fabio Bozzoli. "Thermographic Investigation on Fluid Oscillations and Transverse Interactions in a Fully Metallic Flat-Plate Pulsating Heat Pipe." Applied Sciences 13, no. 10 (May 22, 2023): 6351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13106351.

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The present investigation deals with the quantification of fluid oscillation frequencies in a metallic pulsating heat pipe tested at varying heat loads and orientations. The aim is to design a robust technique for the study of the inner fluid dynamics without adopting typical experimental solutions, such as direct fluid visualizations through transparent inserts. The studied device is made of copper, and it is partially filled with a water–ethanol mixture (20 wt.% of ethanol). Heat fluxes locally exchanged between the working fluid and the device walls are first assessed through the inverse heat conduction problem resolution approach by processing outer wall temperature distributions acquired by thermography. The estimated local heat transfer quantities are therefore processed to quantify the fluid oscillatory behavior in every device branch during the intermittent flow and full activation regimes, thus providing a deeper insight into the heat transfer modes. After dealing with a further validation of the inverse approach in terms of oscillation frequency restoration capability, the wall-to-fluid heat fluxes referred to each channel are processed by means of the wavelet method. Scalograms and power spectra of the considered signals are presented for a time-based analysis of the working fluid oscillations, as well as for the identification of dominant oscillation frequencies. Fluid motion is then quantified in terms of the continuity of fluid oscillations and activity of channels by applying a scalogram denoising technique named K-means clustering method. Moreover, a statistical reduction of the channel-wise dominant oscillation frequencies is performed to provide useful references for the interpretation of the overall oscillatory behavior. The link between oscillations and transverse interactions is finally investigated. The vertical bottom-heated mode exhibits stronger fluid oscillations with respect to the horizontal mode, with fluid oscillation frequencies ranging from 0.78 up to 1 Hz. Nonetheless, the fluid motion is more stable in terms of oscillation frequency between channels when the device operates in the horizontal orientation probably due to negligible buoyancy effects. Moreover, thermal interactions between adjacent channels are found to be stronger when the oscillatory behavior presents similar features from channel to channel in horizontal orientation. The proposed method for fluid oscillation analyses in fully metallic flat-plate pulsating heat pipes can be effectively adopted to other flat-plate layouts without any need for transparent windows, thus reducing the overall complexity of experimental set-ups and providing, at the same time, a good insight into the inner fluid dynamics.

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29

Pak, Sangyeon, Jiwon Son, Taehun Kim, Jungmoon Lim, John Hong, Younhee Lim, Chul-Joon Heo, et al. "Facile one-pot iodine gas phase doping on 2D MoS₂/CuS FET at room temperature." Nanotechnology 34, no. 1 (October 12, 2022): 015702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac952f.

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Abstract Electronic devices composed of semiconducting two-dimensional (2D) materials and ultrathin 2D metallic electrode materials, accompanying synergistic interactions and extraordinary properties, are becoming highly promising for future flexible and transparent electronic and optoelectronic device applications. Unlike devices with bulk metal electrode and 2D channel materials, devices with ultrathin 2D electrode and 2D channel are susceptible to chemical reactions in both channel and electrode surface due to the high surface to volume ratio of the 2D structures. However, so far, the effect of doping was primary concerned on the channel component, and there is lack of understanding in terms of how to modulate electrical properties of devices by engineering electrical properties of both the metallic electrode and the semiconducting channel. Here, we propose the novel, one-pot doping of the field-effect transistor (FET) based on 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) channel and ultrathin copper sulfide (CuS) electrodes under mild iodine gas environment at room temperature, which simultaneously modulates electrical properties of the 2D MoS2 channel and 2D CuS electrode in a facile and cost-effective way. After one-pot iodine doping, effective p-type doping of the channel and electrode was observed, which was shown through decreased off current level, improved I on/I off ratio and subthreshold swing value. Our results open up possibility for effectively and conveniently modulating electrical properties of FETs made of various 2D semiconductors and ultrathin contact materials without causing any detrimental damage.

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30

Kitamura, Yoshihiro, Yoshimi Hatsukade, Saburo Tanaka, Takeyoshi Ohtani, and Shuichi Suzuki. "Multi-Channel High-Tc SQUID Detection System for Metallic Contaminants." Physics Procedia 36 (2012): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.06.063.

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Tanaka, Saburo, Yoshihiro Kitamura, Yoshimi Hatsukade, Takeyoshi Ohtani, and Shuichi Suzuki. "Metallic contaminant detection system using multi-channel high Tc SQUIDs." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 324, no. 21 (October 2012): 3487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2012.02.072.

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32

Kuras, Antanas, and Nijol≐ Gutmanien≐. "Multi-channel metallic electrode for threshold stimulation of frog's retina." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 75, no. 1 (July 1997): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0270(97)00063-0.

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33

Yoon, Seung Chae, and Hyoung Seop Kim. "Equal Channel Angular Pressing of Metallic Powders for Nanostructured Materials." Materials Science Forum 503-504 (January 2006): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.503-504.221.

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In this study, bottom-up type powder processing and top-down type SPD (severe plastic deformation) approaches were combined in order to achieve both full density and grain refinement of metallic powders with least grain growth, which was considered as a bottle neck of the bottom-up method using the conventional powder metallurgy of compaction and sintering. ECAP (Equal channel angular pressing), one of the most promising method in SPD, was used for the powder consolidation. In the ECAP process of not only solid but also powder metals, knowledge of the density as well as internal stress, strain and strain rate distribution is important for understanding the process. We investigated the consolidation, plastic deformation and microstructure evolution behavior of the metallic powders during ECAP using experimental and theoretical methods. Almost independent behavior of powder densification in the entry channel and shear deformation in the main deformation zone was found by the finite element method in conjunction with a pressure dependent material yield model. It was found that high mechanical strength could be achieved effectively as a result of the well bonded powder contact surface during ECAP process of gas atomized Al-Si powders. The SPD processing of powders is a viable method to achieve both fully density and nanostructured materials.

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34

Schäfer, Christian, Dieter P. Kern, and Monika Fleischer. "Capturing molecules with plasmonic nanotips in microfluidic channels by dielectrophoresis." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 4 (2015): 1066–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4lc01018c.

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A method for the collection and concentration of molecules on arrays of metallic nanocones is presented, making use of the high electric field gradients at the nanotips. The nanocones are integrated into a microfluidic channel and used as nanoelectrodes. By applying an AC voltage, dielectrophoresis is used to capture molecules from the channel region on the nanocones.

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35

Dobronravova, E. P. "Industry effects of monetary policy in Russia: Econometric analysis." Journal of the New Economic Association 55, no. 3 (2022): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2022-55-3-3.

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This paper presents the econometric analysis of the heterogenous effects of monetary policy on industrial output and producer prices in manufacturing sector in Russia. The estimation of the differences in the impulce responses to the interest rate shock is conducted using structural VAR-models, the analysis of key industrial characteristics, explaining differences through monetary transmission channes, is based on principal components and correlations. Our findings reveal the strongest response to monetary policy in such industries as manufacture of rubber and plastic products, manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, manufacture of pulp and paper, manufacture of machinery nd equipment, manufacture of electrical, electronic and optical equipment and manufacture of motor vehicles and equipment. Besides, in these industries the response is usually deffered to 2–3 months after the shock. Our findings also show that the impact of monetary shocks on output is particulary strong in industries producing capital goods and supplies for construction but particularly weak in industries with high concentration and high profits. That means that differences in industrial responses to monetary policy can be described by two key channels of monetary transmission — interest rate channel (due to high demand sensitivity to interest rate changes) and bank lending channel (due to important role of bank loans in fi rms’ financing).

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36

Singh, Anurag, and Apurbba Kumar Sharma. "Effect of Drilling Conditions on Microwave-Metal Discharge during Microwave Drilling of Stainless Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 895 (November 2019): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.895.253.

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Processing of metallic materials using microwave energy offer benefits of time compression and energy saving during applications such as sintering, casting, melting, joining and cladding. However, use of microwave energy is uncommon for machining of metallic materials because of high reflectivity. The present work aims to study microwave-metal (MW-m) discharge-induced plasma channel (PC) characteristics during microwave drilling of thin stainless steel (SS) sheet (0.6 mm) at 2.45 GHz. Experimental trials inside two different microwave applicators A1 and A2 were monitored and recorded. The images of the plasma channel generated in both the microwave applicators were obtained at different time intervals to analyze the plasma channel diameter (PCD). Experimental results revealed that variation in the microwave power significantly affects the dimension of plasma channel generated in the tool-work gap and heat affected zone (HAZ) formed around the drilling zone. Reduction in microwave drilling time of approximately 80% was observed at 3 kW power compared to drilling time at 0.7 kW power. The HAZ observed in the samples drilled at 0.7 kW was significantly higher than the HAZ observed at 3 kW owing to higher drilling time of samples at 0.7 kW.

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37

Liu, Jie, Yaguang Guo, Fancy Qian Wang, and Qian Wang. "TiS3 sheet based van der Waals heterostructures with a tunable Schottky barrier." Nanoscale 10, no. 2 (2018): 807–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr05606k.

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First-principles calculations suggest that the TiS₃ monolayer has the potential for device applications as a channel material contacting with graphene or other 2D metallic materials to form heterojunctions.

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38

Gao, Enduo, Zhimin Liu, Fengqi Zhou, and Zhenbin Zhang. "Multiphase resonant properties in metallic dielectric gratings with three-slits." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 21 (July 30, 2019): 1950250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919502506.

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The optical transmission properties in a three-slit metal grating with different mediums are studied. The results show that the tunable phase resonances and multiple phase resonances can be obtained by filling different mediums into the three slits of the straight channel grating. When the medium in the three slits is extremely asymmetric, the phenomenon of multiphase splitting becomes very obvious. In addition, based on the field distributions, multiphase resonant mechanisms have been proposed for the physical origins of the observations. In addition, a multi-channel selector is described by flexibly controlling the light through any slit of the grating. Compared with the conventional compound grating, this grating with different mediums has obvious advantages, such as simple structure, and ease of implementation.

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39

Yu, Jiao, Cai-Juan Xia, Zhen-Yang Hu, Jian-Ping Sun, Xiao-Peng Hao, Lu-Xia Wang, and Qing-Long Fang. "First principles studies on the electronic and contact properties of single layer 2H-MoS₂/1T′-MX₂ heterojunctions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 24, no. 5 (2022): 3289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp05077j.

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Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal chalcogenide (TMD) field-effect transistors (FETs) are constructed via in-plane heterojunction contacts between the semiconducting 2H phase (as the channel) and the metallic 1T′ phase (as the electrode).

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40

Yoon, Seung Chae, Sun Ig Hong, Soon Hyung Hong, and Hyoung Seop Kim. "Densification and Conolidation of Powders by Equal Channel Angular Pressing." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.253.

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In this study, bottom-up type powder processing and top-down type SPD (severe plastic deformation) approaches were combined in order to achieve both full density and grain refinement of metallic powders with least grain growth, which is considered as a bottle neck of the bottom-up method that uses the conventional powder metallurgy of compaction and sintering. ECAP (Equal channel angular pressing), one of the most promising method in SPD, was used for the powder consolidation. In the ECAP process of not only solid but also powder metals, it is important to get a good understanding of the density as well as internal stress, strain and strain rate distribution. We investigated the consolidation, plastic deformation and microstructure evolution behavior of the metallic powders during ECAP using an experimental method. It was found that high mechanical strength could be achieved effectively due to the well bonded powder contact surface during ECAP process of gas atomized Al-Si powders. The experimental results show that SPD processing of powders is a viable method to achieve both fully density and nanostructured materials.

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41

Li, Shuo, Qidong Zhao, Dedong Meng, Dejun Wang, and Tengfeng Xie. "Fabrication of metallic charge transfer channel between photoanode Ti/Fe2O3 and cocatalyst CoOx: an effective strategy for promoting photoelectrochemical water oxidation." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 42 (2016): 16661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta05337h.

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The influence of interface charge transfer between the semiconductor and cocatalyst has rarely been addressed. The concept of construction of a metallic charge transfer channel could be employed as a general strategy for photoconversion applications.

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42

Saghir, Mohamad Ziad. "A Novel Approach of Heat Rate Enhancement in Rectangular Channels with Thin Porous Layer at the Channel Walls." Sci 3, no. 4 (November 12, 2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci3040042.

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Heat transfer enhancement is a topic of great interest nowadays due to its different applications in industries. A porous material also known as metallic foam plays a major role in heat enhancement at the expense of pressure drop. The flow in channels demonstrates the usefulness of this technology in heat extraction. In our current study, a porous strip attached to the walls of the channels is proposed as an alternative for heat enhancement. The thickness of the porous strip was varied for different Reynolds numbers. By maintaining a laminar regime and using water as a fluid, we determined an optimum thickness of porous material leading to the highest performance evaluation criterion. In our current study, with the aspect ratio being the porous strip thickness over the channel width, an aspect ratio of 0.2 is found to be the alternative. A 40% increase in heat enhancement is detected in the presence of a porous strip when compared to a clear channel case for a Reynolds number equal to 200, which improves further as the Reynolds number increases accordingly.

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43

Paul, Prosenjit, and Md Munjure Mowla. "3D Metallic Plate Lens Antenna based Beamspace Channel Estimation Technique for 5G Mmwave Massive MIMO Systems." International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijwmn.2021.13101.

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Beamspace channel estimation mechanism for massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) antenna system presents a major process to compensate the 5G spectrum challenges caused by the proliferation of information from mobile devices. However, this estimation is required to ensure the perfect channel state information (CSI) for lower amount of Radio Frequency (RF) chains for each beam. In addition, phase shifter (PS) components used in this estimation need high power to select the beam in the desired direction. To overcome these limitations, in this work, we propose Regular Scanning Support Detection (RSSD) based channel estimation mechanism. Moreover, we utilise a 3D lens antenna array having metallic plate and a switch in our model which compensates the limitation of phase shifters. Simulation results show that the proposed RSSD based channel estimation surpasses traditional technique and SD based channel estimation even in lower SNR area which is highly desirable in the millimeter wave (mmWave) massive MIMO systems.

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44

Yongqiang, LIU, JIN Ke, WANG Huina, YANG Chongmin, HAN Jun, WANG Yinghui, and ZHANG Jianfu. "Multi-channel mid-infrared filter structure based on bilayer metallic grating." Journal of Applied Optics 41, no. 1 (2020): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5768/jao202041.0106001.

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45

Li, Xiaoer, Tao Jiang, Linfang Shen, and Xiaodong Zheng. "Channel Plasmon Polaritons Guiding by a Partial-Dielectric-Loaded Metallic Groove." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 24, no. 24 (December 2012): 2265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2012.2226711.

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46

Wang, S., Z. Y. Guo, and Z. X. Li. "Heat transfer enhancement by using metallic filament insert in channel flow." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 44, no. 7 (April 2001): 1373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0017-9310(00)00173-3.

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47

Akimoto, Koichi, and Tsuneya Ando. "Effects of Trigonal Warping on Perfect Channel in Metallic Carbon Nanotubes." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 73, no. 8 (August 15, 2004): 2194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.73.2194.

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48

Ferreira, Manuel M., Filipe D. Cardoso, Slawomir J. Ambroziak, and Luis M. Correia. "Bandwidth Dependence of the Propagation Channel in Circular Metallic BAN Environments." IEEE Access 11 (2023): 20159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3249466.

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49

Tanaka, Saburo, Takeyoshi Ohtani, Yosuke Uchida, Takumi Chigasaki, and Yoshimi Hatsukade. "Metallic Contaminant Detection System Using Multi-Channel Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID)." Solid State Phenomena 215 (April 2014): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.215.465.

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Metallic particles with outer dimensions smaller than 100 microns in Li-ion battery cannot be detected using a conventional X-ray imaging system. We propose two systems using high Tc SQUIDs: One is a direct detection type and the other is an indirect type. In the direct detection system, an object with a contaminant is magnetized by a permanent magnet and then the remanent field of the contaminant is detected by SQUID. In the indirect detection system, the principle is based on Faradays law of electromagnetic induction. The diameter of the detection coil is 2 to 3 times larger than the SQUID; as a result, less number of SQUIDs, two or three is enough to inspect a specimen with a width of 65 mm. This method is applicable for an inspection of metallic contaminants in non-magnetic film such as a separator for Li-ion battery. We discuss the results of the evaluation of the new system as compared with a direct detection system.

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50

Smorygo, Oleg, A. Leonov, Z. R. Ismagilov, and Chang Kyu Rhee. "Comparative Studies of Cellular Permeable Solids as Catalyst Supports." Solid State Phenomena 135 (February 2008): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.135.150.

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Metallic and ceramic foam catalyst supports and catalysts were manufactured. Comparative studies of the foam-structure catalyst supports and straight-channel catalysts supports were performed. Affect of the catalyst support pore structure upon the catalyst operational performance was analyzed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Metallic channel'

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