Academic literature on the topic 'Metal working'

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Journal articles on the topic "Metal working"

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Chanut, Claude, and Ella Dardaillon. "The Art of Metal Working." Near Eastern Archaeology 63, no. 4 (December 2000): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3210792.

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Hansen, Niels. "Metal Working and Dislocation Structures." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.9.

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Microstructural observations are presented for different metals deformed from low to high strain by both traditional and new metal working processes. It is shown that deformation induced dislocation structures can be interpreted and analyzed within a common framework of grain subdivision on a finer and finer scale down to the nanometer dimension, which can be reached at ultrahigh strains. It is demonstrated that classical materials science and engineering principles apply from the largest to the smallest structural scale but also that new and unexpected structures and properties characterize metals with structures on the scale from about 10 nm to 1 μm.
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Orlov, G. A. "PLASTIC METAL WORKING ENGINEERING ASSESSMENT." Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 56, no. 3 (March 21, 2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2013-3-11-14.

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Denbow, James, and Duncan Miller. "Metal working at Bosutswe, Botswana." Journal of African Archaeology 5, no. 2 (December 2007): 271–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/1612-1651-10095.

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Kals, T. A., and Ralf Eckstein. "Miniaturization in sheet metal working." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 103, no. 1 (June 2000): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(00)00391-5.

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Rioux, M., and D. Ciccognani. "Optimization of biocides for metal‐working fluids: factors which affect IPBC performance in metal‐working." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 54, no. 5 (October 2002): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00368790210441465.

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OGAWA, Hideo. "Accuracy Improvement for Sheet Metal Working." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 48, no. 563 (2007): 1082–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.48.1082.

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Gronostajski, J., and Z. Gronostajski. "Sintering criterion in metal working processes." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 133, no. 1-2 (February 2003): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(02)00250-9.

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Sholom, V. Yu, and N. V. Savel’eva. "Polyfunctional Process Media for Metal Working." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 41, no. 4 (July 2005): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-005-0067-7.

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Ghosh, S. K. "CADCAM and the metal-working technologist." Journal of Mechanical Working Technology 13, no. 1 (March 1986): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3804(86)90038-0.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Metal working"

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Nilsson, Maria. "Tribology in Metal Working." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Materialteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-11730.

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This thesis focuses on the tribological performance of tool surfaces in two steel working operations, namely wire drawing and hot rolling. In all forming operations dimensions and surface finish of the products are of utmost importance. Forming basically includes three parts – forming conditions excluded – that may be changed; work material, tool and (possibly) lubricant. In the interface between work material and tool, the conditions are very aggressive with – generally or locally – high temperatures and pressures. The surfaces will be worn in various ways and this will change the conditions in the process. Consequently, the surface finish as well as the dimensions of the formed product may change and in the end, the product will not fulfil the requirements of the customer. Therefore, research and development in regard to wear, and consequently tribology, of the forming tools is of great interest. The investigations of wire drawing dies focus on coating adhesion/cohesion, surface characteristics and material transfer onto the coated steel both in laboratory scale as well as in the wire drawing process. Results show that it in wire drawing is possible to enhance the tribological performance of drawing dies by using a lubricant together with a steel substrate coated by a polished, dual-layer coating containing both hard and friction-lowering layers. The investigations of hot rolling work rolls focus on microstructure and hardness as well as cracking- and surface characteristics in both laboratory scale and in the hot strip mill. Results show that an ideal hot work roll material should be made up of a matrix with high hardness and a large amount of complex, hard carbides evenly distributed in the microstructure. The surface failure mechanisms of work rolls are very complex involving plastic deformation, abrasive wear, adhesive wear, mechanical and thermal induced cracking, material transfer and oxidation. This knowledge may be used to develop new tools with higher wear resistance giving better performance, lower costs and lower environmental impact.
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Gast, Christopher van der. "Microbial dynamics of metal-working fluids." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365323.

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Prince, Edmund Lee. "Fungal biodeterioration of synthetic metal working fluids." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1988. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20019/.

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A survey was undertaken to determine the relative incidence of fungal biodeteriogens in contaminated in—service samples of synthetic and oil emulsion metal working fluids, and a list of isolates is submitted. A technique for assessing the concentration of surface—active components of both synthetic and oil emulsion metal working fluids is described. Results obtained using this technique provided evidence of surfactant depletion in oil emulsion fluids as a result of growth of a mixed fungal inoculum, but this effect was not recorded when these isolates were grown in synthetic fluids. Synthetic metal working fluds of known composition were formulated and the ability of selected fungal isolates to utilise both these fluids and the individual components thereof as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen was assessed. The metal working fluid components triethanolamine and diethanolamine borate were found to be readily available nutrient sources for growth of the isolates, the extent of growth being limited by the availability of carbon rather than nitrogen. Varying the initial pH of the medium was found to have no significant effect upon the extent of growth recorded at initial pH values of 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0. The use of respirometric techniques provided evidence to suggest that some of the enzymes involved in the fungal degradation of synthetic metal working fluid components might be inducible. The effect of fungal growth upon the composition of the complete synthetic metal working fluids was determined using the techniques of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas—liquid chromatography linked mass spectrometry. Results obtained using these techniques also provided evidence of the depletion of the triethanolamine and diethanolamine borate components of the complete fluids as a result of fungal growth.
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Nilsson, Annika. "Modelling and simulation of metal working processes /." Luleå, 2000. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2000/41/index.html.

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Takahashi, Shinya. "Infusing machine made objects into traditional metal working." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1313951.

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Living in this high-technology era, the computer is pervasive item in modern life. The creation of jewelry pieces has also been affected by machines controlled by computers. If machines create millions of identical jewelry pieces, what will make the difference between creative and mundane pieces? This creative project is to pursue the use of machine-made objects and produce creative pieces of jewelry. Also, in order to gain practical skills and enhance my design skills, I designed many pieces of jewelry with 3-D software.
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Pisoni, Attilio C. (Attilio Carlo). "A constitutive model for friction in metal-working." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12620.

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Wang, Xifan. "Ideal Process Design Approach for Hot Metal Working." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1375222977.

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Burton, Clare. "Respiratory disease in workers exposed to metal working fluids." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8269/.

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The largest UK outbreak of respiratory disease in metalworking fluid (MWF) exposed workers (Powertrain) led to a heightened awareness of the health hazards associated with MWF. A literature review identified 29 outbreaks of ill health associated with MWF exposure with a peak incidence between 1996 and 2000. Microbial contamination was suspected but no unifying causative agent could be found. Six different case definitions for extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) were indentified, only one of which was validated. The process of developing an evidence based case definition for MWF-EAA required the identification of a group of patients with unequivocal MWF associated EAA. The Powertrain database (created at the time of the outbreak and subsequent follow up appointments) was utilised and an Expert Panel of five occupational lung disease consultants concluded that there was sufficient clinical evidence to diagnose 14 workers as definite cases of EAA. By calculating the positive predictive value of the data points relevant to a diagnosis of EAA combined with knowledge and experience of previous EAA diagnostic criteria, it was possible to develop a new evidence-based EAA diagnostic score (the MWF EAA Score). The MWF EAA Score was applied to the Powertrain data demonstrating agreement with the Expert Panel opinion in over 80% of the cases with a greater number of workers correctly classified than with other published diagnostic criteria1. The score was also applied to previously published case series of workers diagnosed with MWF EAA, in order to externally validate the new EAA rating system. The MWF EAA Score appeared to perform well and there was sufficient data provided in almost half of these published cases indicating that the MWF EAA Score would have shown agreement. This scoring system is a simple and reproducible tool and provides an evidence-based case definition suitable for use in future UK outbreaks.
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Blake, David Matthew. "Cold working effects on mechanical properties in sheet metal joining for automotive applications." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2006/d_blake_112706.pdf.

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Rimkus, Wolfgang. "Simulation and optimisation of the Interior High Pressure (IHP) manufacturing process using the Finite Element Method (FEA)." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/90558.

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Books on the topic "Metal working"

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Gingery, David J. Working sheet metal. Springfield, MO: D.J. Gingery, 1993.

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Books, Time-Life, ed. Working with metal. Alexandria, Va: Time-Life Books, 1985.

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Wells, Michael P. Industry snapshot: Metal working. Columbus, Ohio: Office of Strategic Research, Ohio Dept. of Development, 1994.

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Wells, Michael P. Industry snapshot: Metal working. Columbus, Ohio: Office of Strategic Research, Ohio Dept. of Development, 1994.

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Working with precious metal clay. Portland, Me: Brynmorgen Press, 2000.

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Working with precious metal clay. London: A & C Black, 2000.

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Gale, Len. Creative metal: Techniques, concepts and projects for metal working. Birkenhead, Auckland: Reed Publishing Group, 2000.

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Hettig, Arndt. Einflussgrössen auf den Werkzeugbruch beim Voll-Vorwärts-Fliesspressen. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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Charlie, Metal. Men working on line: Metal Charlie. New York, NY: Barnard College Library Zine Collection, 2011.

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K, Ghosh S., and Niku-Lari A, eds. CAD/CAM & FEM in metal working. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Pergamon Press, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Metal working"

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Karsa, David R., J. Michael Goode, and Peter J. Donnelly. "Metal Working." In Surfactants Applications Directory, 135–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3038-7_7.

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Chunlin, Zhao, Zhang Xiaoming, and Xu Kuangdi. "Friction of Metal Working." In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy, 1–2. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0740-1_696-1.

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Jiqing, Pan, Zhang Xiaoming, Di Hongshuang, and Xu Kuangdi. "Plastic Working of Metal." In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy, 1–4. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0740-1_844-1.

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Thompson, I. P., and C. J. van der Gast. "Pathogens in Metal Working Fluids." In Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology, 3305–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77587-4_251.

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Hansen, Niels. "Metal Working and Dislocation Structures." In Key Engineering Materials, 9–16. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.9.

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Breuer, D. "Metal-working fluid aerosols and vapours." In Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Air, 115–25. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527600191.ch10.

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Thompson, I. P., and C. J. van der Gast. "The Microbiology of Metal Working Fluids." In Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology, 2369–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77587-4_173.

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Cole, Monica M. "The Metal-working and Engineering Industries." In South Africa, 422–35. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003306702-32.

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Aldoshin, Sergey M., and Nataliya A. Sanina. "Polyfunctional Photochromic Magnetic Materials Based on 3D Metal (Tris) Oxalates." In Photon-Working Switches, 261–84. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56544-4_13.

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Guerchais, Véronique, Julien Boixel, and Hubert Le Bozec. "Linear and Nonlinear Optical Molecular Switches Based on Photochromic Metal Complexes." In Photon-Working Switches, 363–84. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56544-4_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Metal working"

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SASAKI, Shunsuke, and Tatsuro KATSUMURA. "Influence of Thermal History before Hot Working on Flow Stress of Multiphase Steel." In METAL 2019. TANGER Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2019.697.

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RUBEŠOVÁ, Kateřina, Michal PEKOVIĆ, Hana JIRKOVÁ, and David HRADIL. "Grain refinement in hypereutectoid steel by semi-solid processing followed by mechanical working." In METAL 2020. TANGER Ltd., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2020.3473.

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BEHRENS, Bernd-Arno, Kai BRUNOTTE, Julius PEDDINGHAUS, and Uwe LORENZ. "INFLUENCE OF COOLING PARAMETERS ON THE SURFACE LAYER STRUCTURE OF HOT WORKING TOOLS." In METAL 2022. TANGER Ltd., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2022.4391.

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ZIMON, Grzegorz. "AN ANALYSIS OF THE NET WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY IN POLISH ALUMINUM PRESSURE FOUNDRIES." In METAL 2019. TANGER Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2019.990.

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MENDALA, Jacek, and Jarosław KOZUBA. "The influence of sodium nitrite concentration in inhibitor protection of structural elements working in aggressive environmental conditions." In METAL 2019. TANGER Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2019.895.

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NOGA, Roman, Petr JONŠTA, Tomáš PERNA, Marek VINDYŠ, Ondřej KOTÁSEK, and Vladislav KURKA. "Physical modelling of the seamless micro-alloyed steel tubes production depending on the different temperatures and rpm speeds of the working rolls." In METAL 2022. TANGER Ltd., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2022.4471.

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Shirshov, Yuri M., Vladimir I. Chegel, Yuri V. Subbota, E. P. Matsas, Ekaterina V. Kostioukevich, A. E. Rachcov, and R. Merker. "Biosensors based on SPR and optimization of their working parameters." In Metal/Nonmetal Microsystems: Physics, Technology, and Applications, edited by Benedykt W. Licznerski and Andrzej Dziedzic. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.238166.

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Piccolo, Stephen K. "Working With Beryllium." In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1980.ma1.

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Brecher, Christian, Michael Emonts, and Markus Eckert. "Laser-assisted sheet metal working in series production." In SPIE LASE, edited by Mark S. Zediker. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2002001.

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Reh, B. "446. Analysis of Bacterial Contamination in Metal Working Fluids." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765131.

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Reports on the topic "Metal working"

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Gertslberger, Wolfgang, Merle Küttim, Tarmo Tuisk, Ulrika Hurt, Tarvo Niine, Tarlan Ahmadov, Margit Metsmaa, et al. Ringmajanduslike praktikate juurutamise võimaldajad ja barjäärid: uuringu aruanne. Tallinn University of Technology; Ministry of Economics and Communication, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11590/taltech.circular.economy.report.2021.

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This research study focused on the business models related to the circular economy of the four industries and their enablers and barriers have been studied. The research was conducted from September to December 2021 in Estonia by Tallinn University of Technology Sustainable Value Chain Management Working Group for the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications. The industries covered by the study were: 1) the computer, electronic and optical equipment industries; 2) chemicals and chemical industry, except plastics industry; 3) the electrical equipment industry; 4) metal industry.
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TABUNOV, I. A., A. P. LAPINA, M. M. KOSTYCHEV, P. S. BEREZINA, and A. V. NIKIFOROVA. METHODOLOGICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COACHES WORKING WITH CHILD ATHLETES ENGAGED IN ROCK CLIMBING. SIB-Expertise, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0621.06122022.

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The methodological guide will present aspects that will be useful for coaches in working with their students, in particular psychological work with athletes during the training process and during the competition, and specifically in the pre-start period. It is important for the coach to teach the athlete the techniques of psychological protection, including restoring the stability control system, reducing feelings of anxiety and countering it. It is important to carry out special psychological training. Including effective preparation for competition, based on: social values; formation of mental "internal support"; overcoming psychological barriers. Every day the degree of development and influence of sports reaches a new level. Also, the requirements for athletes in technical, physical and tactical readiness are increasing, respectively, the result of competitive activity will already be determined by readiness and psychological attitude. Psychological preparation is a process aimed at creating a state of mental readiness for competition in athletes. This should be considered the subject of psychological preparation for competitions in sports.
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van Hedel, Karen, Heta Moustgaard, Mikko Myrskylä, and Pekka Martikainen. Work-family typologies and mental health among women in early working ages. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2021-015.

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Zhang, Yao, and Xin Zhao. The Neural Mechanism of Working Memory Training: A meta-analysis of Functional Neuroimaging Studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0105.

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Di Mario, Luca, Juergen Von Kories, and Mohammed Haikal. Metals and Plastic Recycling in Maldives. Asian Development Bank, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230010-2.

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This working paper shows how Maldives can boost recycling to strengthen its solid waste management strategy, protect its blue ocean economy, and create green business opportunities to support its long-term sustainable growth. Estimating under 2 percent of plastic waste is recycled in the island nation, it outlines how factors including high costs, inefficient collection efforts, and a lack of reprocessing facilities are hobbling recycling efforts. It recommends Maldives set up public-private partnerships with waste exporters and recyclers, incentivize domestic demand, and build a modern waste collection system to protect its environment and start the transition to a circular economy.
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Zhu, Qiqi, Jie Deng, Chong Xu, Meixi Yao, and Yu Zhu. Effects of physical activity on visuospatial working memory in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0053.

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Review question / Objective: P: Healthy individuals (including children, adolescents, adults, and seniors); I: Individuals who join various physical activities (including aerobic exercise, HIT, yoga, resistance training, Tai Chi, balance training, skill training, et al); C: Individuals who have no movement, do reading, or do same as normal activities; O: 1-Back Test, 2-Back Test, Trail Making Test-A, Trail Making Test-B, Digit Span Forward, Digit Span Backward; S: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Condition being studied: Healthy individuals without any cognitive disorders.
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Bunn, Sarah, and Lev Tankelevitch. Shift Work, Sleep and Health. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn586.

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A POSTnote that describes how working outside of daytime hours – shift work – affects physical and mental health and performance through its impact on sleep and circadian timing. It highlights the latest research, explains the implications for policy and how research can inform the design of interventions to improve shift workers' sleep and overall health.
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MOSKALENKO, OLGA, and ROMAN YASKEVICH. ANXIETY-DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2021-12-1-2-185-190.

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Our article presents a review of the literature and considers the most pressing problem of modern medicine - a combination of anxiety-depressive states in patients with cardiovascular diseases, which are more common in people of working age, having a negative impact on the quality of life of patients, contributing to the deterioration of physical, mental and social adaptation, which further leads to negative socio-economic consequences.
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Camilo, Cláudia, Andréia Salmazo, Margari da Vaz Garrido, and Maria Manuela Calheiros. Parents’ executive functioning in parenting outcomes: A meta-analytic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0067.

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Review question / Objective: Guided by the PRISMA guidelines, this study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the literature exploring the association between parents’ basic and higher-order executive functions in adulthood (working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, planning, reasoning, problem-solving) and positive and negative parenting outcomes (parenting practices, behaviors, styles). Eligibility criteria: his meta-analysis will include: 1) Studies that analyze the association of mothers’/ fathers’ basic and higher-order executive functions in adulthood and parenting outcomes (e.g., parental styles, behaviors, quality of interaction, abusive or violent practices); 2) Quantitative empirical studies (correlational, longitudinal, and group comparison designs); 3) Peer-reviewed articles or dissertations, published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. The exclusion criteria are: 1) Studies analyzing children’s executive functions; 2) Studies analyzing children’s developmental outcomes; 3) Studies not focusing on parenting outcomes; 4) Qualitative studies, and non-empirical studies such as theoretical reviews, systematic reviews, or meta-analyses.
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Nafakh, Abdullah Jalal, Franklin Vargas Davila, Yunchang Zhang, Jon D. Fricker, and Dulcy M. Abraham. Workzone Lighting and Glare on Nighttime Construction and Maintenance Activities. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317379.

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Over the last two decades, an increasing number of highway construction and maintenance projects in the United States have been completed at night to avoid or alleviate traffic congestion delays. Working at night entails several advantages, including lower traffic volumes, less impact on local businesses, cooler temperatures for equipment and material, and fewer overall crashes. Although nighttime roadway operations may minimize traffic disruptions, there are several safety concerns about passing motorists and workers in the nighttime work zone. For instance, improper lighting arrangements or excessive lighting levels at the job site could cause harmful levels of glare for the traveling public and workers, which can lead to an increased level of hazards and crashes in the vicinity of the work zone. To address the issue of glare, the current report focuses on determining and evaluating disability glare on nighttime work zones in order to develop appropriate strategies for improving the safety of workers and motorists during nighttime highway construction and maintenance projects. Disability glare is the glare that impairs our vision of objects without necessarily causing discomfort, and it can be evaluated using the veiling luminance ratio (VL ratio). In this study, disability glare values were determined by using lighting data (vertical illuminance and pavement luminance measurements) from the testing of 49 lighting arrangements. Two LED balloon lights, a metal-halide light tower, and an LED light tower were utilized for the field lighting experiments. The glare assessment analyzed the effects of the lighting system setup’s parameters, such as the mounting height, power output, rotation angle, and aiming angle of luminaires on the veiling luminance ratio values (which is a criterion for limiting disability glare). The study revealed the following key findings: (1) an increase in mounting heights of both balloon lights and light towers resulted in lower disability glare levels; (2) compared to the "perpendicular" and "away" orientations, orienting the light towers "towards" the traffic (45 degrees) significantly increases the disability glare levels of the lighting arrangement; and (3) increasing the tilt angles of portable light tower luminaries resulted in an increase in disability glare levels.
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