Relevant bibliographies by topics / Metal Wire Deposition

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Metal Wire Deposition'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Metal Wire Deposition"

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Peyre, Patrice. "Additive Layer Manufacturing using Metal Deposition." Metals 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10040459.

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Among the additive layer manufacturing techniques for metals, those involving metal deposition, including laser cladding/Direct Energy Deposition (DED, with powder feeding) or Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM, with wire feeding), exhibit several attractive features [...]
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Bi, Xue Song, and Liang Zhu. "Joule Energy Deposition in Segmented Metal Wire Electrical Explosion." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.363.

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Electrical explosion of wire has a prosperous future in fine powder producing. In the process of electrical explosion of segmented metal wire (EESW),energy deposited in the wire was influenced by process variables such as the initial charging voltage of the capacitors, the length and the diameter of the segmented wire,and the electrode spacing. For understanding their relation completely, a series of experiments of electrical explosion was carried out with variations of the initial charging voltage and the segmented wire lengths and diameter. Results show that, energy deposition efficiency was weakly dependent on the wire length , whereas it has a strong dependence on the wire diameter, the initial charging voltage of the capacitors have an important influence on the energy deposition.
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Yuan, Chengwei, Shujun Chen, Fan Jiang, Bin Xu, and Shanwen Dong. "Mechanism of Continuous Melting and Secondary Contact Melting in Resistance Heating Metal Wire Additive Manufacturing." Materials 13, no. 5 (February 28, 2020): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051069.

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Resistance heating metal wire materials additive manufacturing technology is of great significance for space environment maintenance and manufacturing. However, the continuous deposition process has a problem in which the metal melt is disconnected from the base metal. In order to study the difference between the second contact melting of the disconnected metal melt and the continuous melting of the metal wire as well as eliminate the problem of the uneven heat dissipation of the base metal deposition on the melting process of the metal wire, the physical test of melting the metal wire clamped by the equal diameter conductive nozzle was carried out from the aspects of temperature distribution, temperature change, melting time, dynamic resistance change, and the microstructure. The current, wire length, and diameter of the metal wire are used as variables. It was found that the dynamic resistance change of the wire can be matched with the melting state. During the solid-state temperature rise, due to the presence of the contact interface, the continuous melting and secondary contact melting of metal wires differ in dynamic resistance and the melting process. The continuous melting of the metal wire was caused by the overall resistance of the wire to generate heat and melt, and the temperature distribution is “bow-shaped”. In the second contact melting, the heat generated by the contact interface resistance was transferred to both ends of the metal wire to melt, and the temperature distribution is “inverted V”. The microstructure of the metal wire continuous melting and secondary contact melting solidification is similar. The continuous melting length of the metal wire is greater than the melting length of the secondary contact.
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B T, Anirudhan, Jithin Devasia, Tejaswin Krishna, and Mebin T. Kuruvila. "Manufacturing of a Bimetallic Structure of Stainless Steel and Mild Steel through Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing – A Critical Review." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 6 (July 3, 2020): 679–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jun583.

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Wire and Arc based Additive Manufacturing, shortly known as WAAM, is one of the most prominent tech- nologies, under Additive Manufacturing, used for extensive production of complex and intricate shapes. This layer by layer deposition method avails arc welding technology; Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), a competitive method in WAAM, is the conducted manufacturing process. It is a sum of heat source, originated from the electric arc, and metal wire as feedstock. The metal wire from the feedstock, melted by arc discharge, is deposited layer by layer. Another material can be added on to the top of deposited layer by replacing the feed wire from the stock, to fabricate a bimetallic structure. The purpose of this study is to collect the salient datum from the joining of two dissimilar metals. A combination of stainless steel and mild steel are considered. Proper deposition parameters, welding current along with voltage, bead width efficiency for both the metals were acquired. As a result, the physical properties of the dissimilar joint were approximate to the bulk material.
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Shcherbakov, A. V., R. V. Rodyakina, and R. R. Klyushin. "Enhancement of Deposition Process Controlling in Electron Beam Metal Wire Deposition Method." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 969 (November 13, 2020): 012105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/969/1/012105.

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Shaikh, Muhammad Omar, Ching-Chia Chen, Hua-Cheng Chiang, Ji-Rong Chen, Yi-Chin Chou, Tsung-Yuan Kuo, Kei Ameyama, and Cheng-Hsin Chuang. "Additive manufacturing using fine wire-based laser metal deposition." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 3 (November 18, 2019): 473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-04-2019-0110.

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Purpose Using wire as feedstock has several advantages for additive manufacturing (AM) of metal components, which include high deposition rates, efficient material use and low material costs. While the feasibility of wire-feed AM has been demonstrated, the accuracy and surface finish of the produced parts is generally lower than those obtained using powder-bed/-feed AM. The purpose of this study was to develop and investigate the feasibility of a fine wire-based laser metal deposition (FW-LMD) process for producing high-precision metal components with improved resolution, dimensional accuracy and surface finish. Design/methodology/approach The proposed FW-LMD AM process uses a fine stainless steel wire with a diameter of 100 µm as the additive material and a pulsed Nd:YAG laser as the heat source. The pulsed laser beam generates a melt pool on the substrate into which the fine wire is fed, and upon moving the X–Y stage, a single-pass weld bead is created during solidification that can be laterally and vertically stacked to create a 3D metal component. Process parameters including laser power, pulse duration and stage speed were optimized for the single-pass weld bead. The effect of lateral overlap was studied to ensure low surface roughness of the first layer onto which subsequent layers can be deposited. Multi-layer deposition was also performed and the resulting cross-sectional morphology, microhardness, phase formation, grain growth and tensile strength have been investigated. Findings An optimized lateral overlap of about 60-70% results in an average surface roughness of 8-16 µm along all printed directions of the X–Y stage. The single-layer thickness and dimensional accuracy of the proposed FW-LMD process was about 40-80 µm and ±30 µm, respectively. A dense cross-sectional morphology was observed for the multilayer stacking without any visible voids, pores or defects present between the layers. X-ray diffraction confirmed a majority austenite phase with small ferrite phase formation that occurs at the junction of the vertically stacked beads, as confirmed by the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. Tensile tests were performed and an ultimate tensile strength of about 700-750 MPa was observed for all samples. Furthermore, multilayer printing of different shapes with improved surface finish and thin-walled and inclined metal structures with a minimum achievable resolution of about 500 µm was presented. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to report a directed energy deposition process using a fine metal wire with a diameter of 100 µm and can be a possible solution to improving surface finish and reducing the “stair-stepping” effect that is generally observed for wires with a larger diameter. The AM process proposed in this study can be an attractive alternative for 3D printing of high-precision metal components and can find application for rapid prototyping in a range of industries such as medical and automotive, among others.
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Ayed, Achraf, Guénolé Bras, Henri Bernard, Pierre Michaud, Yannick Balcaen, and Joel Alexis. "Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V with Wire Laser Metal Deposition Process." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.24.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) using wire as an input material is currently in full swing, with very strong growth prospects thanks to the possibility of creating large parts, with high deposition rates, but also a low investment cost compared to the powder bed fusion machines. A versatile 3D printing device using a Direct Energy Deposition Wire-Laser (DED-W Laser) with Precitec Coaxprinter station to melt a metallic filler wire is developed to build titanium parts by optimizing the process parameters. The geometrical and metallurgical of produced parts are analyzed. In the literature, several authors agree to define wire feed speed, travel speed, and laser beam power as first-order process parameters governing laser-wire deposition. This study shows the relative importance of these parameters taking separately as well as the importance of their sequencing at the start of the process. Titanium deposit are obtained with powers never explored in bibliography (up to 5 kW), and wire feed speed up to 5 m.min-1 with a complete process repeatability.
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Stinson, Harley, Richard Ward, Justin Quinn, and Cormac McGarrigle. "Comparison of Properties and Bead Geometry in MIG and CMT Single Layer Samples for WAAM Applications." Metals 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 1530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11101530.

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The process of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) utilizes arc welding technology to fabricate metallic components by depositing material in a selective layered fashion. Several welding processes exist that can achieve this layered deposition strategy. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) derived processes are commonly favored for their high deposition rates (1–4 kg/h) and minimal torch reorientation required during deposition. A range of GMAW processes are available; all of which have different material transfer modes and thermal energy input ranges and the resultant metallic structures formed from these processes can vary in their mechanical properties and morphology. This work will investigate single-layer deposition and vary the process parameters and process mode to observe responses in mechanical properties, bead geometry and deposition rate. The process modes selected for this study were GMAW derived process of Metal Inert Gas (MIG) and Cold Metal Transfer (CMT). Characterization of parameter sets revealed relationships between torch travel speeds, wire feed speeds and the specimen properties and proportions. Differences were observed in the cross-sectional bead geometry and deposition rates when comparing MIG and CMT samples though the influence of process mode on mechanical properties was less significant compared to process parameter selection.
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Stützer, Juliane, Tom Totzauer, Benjamin Wittig, Manuela Zinke, and Sven Jüttner. "GMAW Cold Wire Technology for Adjusting the Ferrite–Austenite Ratio of Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured Duplex Stainless Steel Components." Metals 9, no. 5 (May 14, 2019): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9050564.

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The use of commercially available filler metals for wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) of duplex stainless steel components results in a microstructure with a very low ferrite content. The ferrite–austenite ratio in the duplex stainless steel weld metal depends on both the cooling rate and particularly on the chemical composition. However, the research and testing of special filler metals for additive deposition welding using wire and arc processes is time-consuming and expensive. This paper describes a method that uses an additional cold wire feed in the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process to selectively vary the alloy composition and thus the microstructure of duplex stainless steel weld metal. By mixing different filler metals, a reduction of the nickel equivalent and hence an increase in the ferrite content in additively manufactured duplex stainless steel specimens was achieved. The homogeneous mixing of electrode and cold wire was verified by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, the addition of cold wire resulted in a significant increase in sample height while the sample width remained approximately the same.
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Silva, Adrien Da, Sicong Wang, Joerg Volpp, and Alexander F. H. Kaplan. "Vertical laser metal wire deposition of Al-Si alloys." Procedia CIRP 94 (2020): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.09.078.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Metal Wire Deposition"

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Ramsundar, Pallant Satnarine. "Wire feed metal deposition." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609517.

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Heralic, Almir. "Towards full Automation of Robotized Laser Metal-wire Deposition." Licentiate thesis, University West, Department of Engineering Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-2148.

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Metal wire deposition by means of robotized laser welding offers great saving potentials, i.e. reduced costs and reduced lead times, in many different applications, such as fabrication of complex components, repair or modification of high-value components, rapid prototyping and low volume production, especially if the process can be automated. Metal deposition is a layered manufacturing technique that builds metal structures by melting metal wire into beads which are deposited side by side and layer upon layer. This thesis presents a system for on-line monitoring and control of robotized laser metal wire deposition (RLMwD). The task is to ensure a stable deposition process with correct geometrical profile of the resulting geometry and sound metallurgical properties. Issues regarding sensor calibration, system identification and control design are discussed. The suggested controller maintains a constant bead height and width throughout the deposition process. It is evaluated through real experiments, however, limited to straight line deposition experiments. Solutions towards a more general controller, i.e. one that can handle different deposition paths, are suggested.

A method is also proposed on how an operator can use different sensor information for process understanding, process development and for manual on-line control. The strategies are evaluated through different deposition tasks and considered materials are tool steel and Ti-6Al-4V. The developed monitoring system enables an operator to control the process at a safe distance from the hazardous laser beam.

The results obtained in this work indicate promising steps towards full automation of the RLMwD process, i.e. without human intervention and for arbitrary deposition paths.


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Medrano, Téllez Alexis G. "Fibre laser metal deposition with wire : parameters study and temperature control." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12812/.

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This research addresses the development of a laser metal deposition process with wire feeding and melt pool temperature control. The system consists of a2 kW fibre laser, a CNC table, a wire feeder and a temperature monitoring and control system. A study of the influence of the main parameters on the process and on the deposited bead geometry was performed. The parameters analysed were: laser power, traverse speed and wire feed rate. As a result of this study, a process window was established for metal deposition of stainless steel 308LSi (wire) on stainless steel 304 (plate). The influence of the parameters on the bead geometry (height and width) was analysed applying the Design of Experiments methodology, using a full factorial design 3k. The results are presented, together with important practical considerations for laser metal deposition with wire. A closed-loop temperature control system was developed: it controls the melt pool temperature by means of modifying the laser power. The melt pool temperature was measured by a two-colour pyrometer, whereas a single-colour pyrometer was used for monitoring the workpiece (upper layer) temperature. A model of the melt pool was derived from a heat balance equation. It was then utilized for the design of the controller in the discrete domain, using the root locus method. The control algorithm was developed in LabVIEW software and executed in a computer. The control system was implemented successfully and was utilized to build single-bead walls and cylinders of stainless steel 308LSi. The study performed on the parameters and the developed temperature controller proved to be very effective tools to facilitate the transition to the deposition of titanium alloy Ti-6A1-4V, requiring only minimum adaptations. Single-bead walls and cylinders were also built in this material. Stable and smooth metal deposition was achieved for both materials. During the experiments, several strategies for the automation of wire metal deposition of multilayered structures were developed. Finally, mechanical tests were performed. The mechanical properties of the deposited materials are comparable to those in wrought (annealed) condition and to similar alloys made by laser powder deposition systems. The system developed in this work provides a means to perform stable and smooth wire metal deposition, achieving good mechanical properties. It also facilitates the transition to deposit different materials. It has a flexible structure and can be expanded or adapted to be used in other wire metal deposition systems.
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Syed, Waheed Ul Haq. "Combined wire and powder deposition for laser direct metal additive manufacturing." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556499.

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Hussein, Nur Izan Syahriah. "Direct metal deposition of Waspaloy wire using laser and arc heat sources." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523507.

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Lundkvist, Jennifer. "CFD Simulation of Fluid Flow During Laser Metal Wire Deposition using OpenFOAM : 3D printing." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74476.

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The focus of this work was to simulate the fluid flow within a melt pool geometry, during an additive manufacturing process, implementing the CFD software OpenFOAM version 1806. Two separate models were created and run during this work, the first using a temperature mapping from a finite element (FE) model and the second being a free-standing model with Gaussian distributed laser beam striking down on the top surface. Both models were run with the standard solver icoReactingMultiphaseInterFoam, being a multiphase solver, with phase transition possibilities. Addition of gas particles was carried out during post-processing and these were to visualise the imperfections caused by melting metal alloys in a 3D printing case. During comparison of the movement of the free-standing model, using a moving laser beam, to the mapped temperature FE model, it was revealed that the fluid flow in the molten pool was heavily influenced by the pressure introduced by the laser beam. No streamlines were found that would indicate entrapment of gas particles during solidification.
Fokuset på detta arbete var att simulera vätskeflöde i en smältpool-geometri, under en additiv-tillverkningsprocess. Detta implementerades med hjälp av CFD-mjukvaran OpenFOAM, version 1806. Två separata modeller skapades och simulerades under arbetets gång. Den första modellen kördes med hjälp av en mappning av temperaturfältet från finita-element-modellen (FE-modellen) och den andra modellen var en fristående modell tillsammans med en Gaussisk distribuerad laserstråle riktad ned på översta ytan. Båda simuleringarna använde sig av standardlösaren icoReactingMultiphaseInterFoam, vilket är en multifas-lösare, med möjlighet till fasövergångar. Tillägg av gaspartiklar utfördes under post-processing och dessa var för att visualisera porer som kan uppstå under smältning av metall-legering i en 3D-utskrivningsprocess. Vid jämförelse av den fristående modellen, som implementerade en rörlig laserstråle, till den mappade FE-modellen, uppdagades det att vätskeflödet i smältpoolen influerades starkt av trycket som orsakades av lasern. Inga strömlinjer tydde på en inkapsling av gaspartiklar under stelning.
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Engblom, Eyvind. "Effect of oxygen concentration in build chamber during laser metal deposition of Ti-64 wire." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230638.

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Additive manufacturing of titanium and other metals is a rapidly growing field that could potentially improve component manufacturing through optimization of geometries, less material waste and fewer process steps. Although powder-based additive manufacturing processes have so far been predominant, methods using a wire as feedstock has gained popularity due to faster deposition rates and lower porosity in deposited material. The titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V accounts for the majority of aerospace titanium alloy consumption and as titanium is a precious and expensive resource, reducing material waste is an important factor.  Laser metal deposition with wire (LMD-w) is currently used in production at GKN Aerospace in Trolhättan. One important process parameter is the oxygen level in the chamber during deposition as titanium is highly reactive with oxygen at process temperatures. Oxygen enrichment of titanium can cause embrittlement and reduced fatigue life due to formation of alpha-case, an oxygen enriched region directly beneath the surface. The oxygen level in the chamber is controlled through extensive use of protective inert gas which is a costly and time-consuming practice. The objective of this thesis was to study how elevated oxygen levels in the chamber would affect surface oxidation, chemical composition, tensile properties and microstructure.  Two different sample geometries were built with Ti-6Al-4V wire at an oxygen level of 100, 500 and 850 ppm. The subsequent analysis was based around microstructural features, alpha-case formation, chemical composition in surface layers, and tensile tests. Results showed that elevated oxygen levels in the build chamber did not degrade the chemical composition or tensile properties with regard to aerospace specifications. However, significant layers of alpha-case were found in all samples indicating that subsequent processing such as machining or etching is needed.
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Lindell, David. "Process Mapping for Laser Metal Deposition of Wire using Thermal Simulations : A prediction of material transfer stability." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85474.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a quickly rising method of manufacturing due to its ability to increase design freedom. This allows the manufacturing of components not possible by traditional subtractive manufacturing. AM can greatly reduce lead time and material waste, therefore decreasing the cost and environmental impact. The adoption of AM in the aerospace industry requires strict control and predictability of the material deposition to ensure safe flights.  The method of AM for this thesis is Laser Metal Deposition with wire (LMD-w). Using wire as a feedstock introduces a potential problem, the material transfer from the wire to the substrate. This requires all process parameters to be in balance to produce a stable deposition. The first sign of unbalanced process parameters are the material transfer stabilities; stubbing and dripping. Stubbing occurs when the energy to melt the wire is too low and the wire melts slower than required. Dripping occurs when too much energy is applied and the wire melts earlier than required.  These two reduce the predictability and stability that is required for robust manufacturing.  Therefore, the use of thermal simulations to predict the material transfer stability for LMD-w using Waspaloy as the deposition material has been studied.  It has been shown that it is possible to predict the material transfer stability using thermal simulations and criterions based on preexisting experimental data. The criterion for stubbing checks if the completed simulation result produces a wire that ends below the melt pool. For dripping two criterions shows good results, the dilution ratio is a good predictor if the tool elevation remains constant. If there is a change in tool elevation the dimensionless slenderness number is a better predictor.  Using these predictive criterions it is possible to qualitatively map the process window and better understand the influence of tool elevation and the cross-section of the deposited material.
Additiv tillverkning (AT) är en kraftigt växande tillverkningsmetod på grund av sin flexibilitet kring design och möjligheten att skapa komponenter som inte är tillverkningsbara med traditionell avverkande bearbetning.  AT kan kraftigt minska tid- och materialåtgång och på så sett minskas kostnader och miljöpåverkan. Införandet av AT i flyg- och rymdindustrin kräver strikt kontroll och förutsägbarhet av processen för att försäkra sig om säkra flygningar.  Lasermetalldeponering av tråd är den AT metod som hanteras i denna uppsats. Användandet av tråd som tillsatsmaterial skapar ett potentiellt problem, materialöverföringen från tråden till substratet. Detta kräver att alla processparametrar är i balans för att få en jämn materialöverföring. Är processen inte balanserad syns detta genom materialöverföringsstabiliteterna stubbning och droppning. Stubbning uppkommer då energin som tillförs på tråden är för låg och droppning uppkommer då energin som tillförs är för hög jämfört med vad som krävs för en stabil process. Dessa två fenomen minskar möjligheterna för en kontrollerbar och stabil tillverkning.  På grund av detta har användandet utav termiska simuleringar för att prediktera materialöverföringsstabiliteten för lasermetalldeponering av tråd med Waspaloy som deponeringsmaterial undersökts. Det har visat sig vara möjligt att prediktera materialöverföringsstabiliteten med användning av termiska simuleringar och kriterier baserat på tidigare experimentell data. Kriteriet för stubbning kontrolleras om en slutförd simulering resulterar i en tråd som når under smältan.  För droppning finns två fungerande kriterier, förhållandet mellan svetshöjd och penetrationsdjup om verktygshöjden är konstant, sker förändringar i verktygshöjden är det dimensionslös ”slenderness” talet ett bättre kriterium.  Genom att använda dessa kriterier är det möjligt att kvalitativt kartlägga processfönstret och skapa en bättre förståelse för förhållandet mellan verktygshöjden och den deponerade tvärsnittsarean.
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Kottman, Michael Andrew. "Additive Manufacturing of Maraging 250 Steels for the Rejuvenation and Repurposing of Die Casting Tooling." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1416854466.

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Prasad, Himani Siva. "Phenomena in material addition to laser generated melt pools." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Produkt- och produktionsutveckling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-73754.

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Book chapters on the topic "Metal Wire Deposition"

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Chergui, Akram, Nicolas Beraud, Frédéric Vignat, and François Villeneuve. "Finite Element Modeling and Validation of Metal Deposition in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 61–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_11.

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AbstractWire arc additive manufacturing allows the production of metallic parts by depositing beads of weld metal using arc-welding technologies. This low-cost additive manufacturing technology has the ability to manufacture large-scale parts at a high deposition rate. However, the quality of the obtained parts is greatly affected by the various thermal phenomena present during the manufacturing process. Numerical simulation remains an effective tool for studying such phenomena. In this work, a new finite element technique is proposed in order to model metal deposition in WAAM process. This technique allows to gradually construct the mesh representing the deposited regions along the deposition path. The heat source model proposed by Goldak is adapted and combined with the proposed metal deposition technique taking into account the energy distribution between filler material and the molten pool. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by series of experiments, of which an example is detailed in this paper.
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Catalano, Angioletta R., Vincenzo Lunetto, Paolo C. Priarone, and Luca Settineri. "A Survey on Energy Efficiency in Metal Wire Deposition Processes." In Sustainable Design and Manufacturing 2019, 311–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9271-9_26.

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Cazaubon, Valentine, Audrey Abi Akle, and Xavier Fischer. "A Parametric Study of Additive Manufacturing Process: TA6V Laser Wire Metal Deposition." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 15–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_4.

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AbstractAdditive Manufacturing has proven to be an economically and industrially attractive process in building or repairing parts. However, the major issue of this new process is to guarantee a mechanical behavior identical to the subtractive manufacturing methodologies. The work, presented in this paper, is centered on the Laser Wire Metal Deposition (LMD-w) method with the metallic alloy TA6V. Its working principle is to fuse a coaxial wire on a substrate with a laser as a heat source. To better understand the interaction between the input parameters (Laser Power, Wire Feed Speed and Tool Speed) and the clad geometry output variables (Height, Width and Contact Angle) and the substrate displacement, we have realized an experimentation. We printed 9 clads according Taguchi’s experimental design. Pearson correlation coefficient and Fisher test performed on the experimental measures showed as main result: Tool Speed is the parameter with the most significant influence on the output variables.
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Wani, Zarirah Karrim, Ahmad Baharuddin Abdullah, and Adha Fahmi Pauzi. "Semi-automatic 3D Metal Deposition Machine Based on Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 119–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8129-5_19.

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Nowotny, Steffen, Sebastian Thieme, David Albert, Frank Kubisch, Robert Kager, and Christoph Leyens. "Generative Manufacturing and Repair of Metal Parts through Direct Laser Deposition Using Wire Material." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 185–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41329-2_20.

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Manokruang, Supasit, Frederic Vignat, Matthieu Museau, and Maxime Limousin. "Process Parameters Effect on Weld Beads Geometry Deposited by Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 9–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_3.

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AbstractAmong Additive Manufacturing technologies, Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing process is strongly dependent of deposition conditions such as welding parameters, substrate temperature, trajectory. In this research, geometry and temperature evolutions of single beads have been investigated according to process parameters modifications. For our experiment, a heating device have been used in order to control the substrate temperature from room temperature up to 400 °C. Considering the Cold Metal Transfer technology, welding parameters, Wire Feed Speed (WFS) and Travel Speed (TS), have been modified while keeping a constant ratio λ (WFS/TS). Results indicate that weld bead geometry, height (h) and width (w), is influenced by substrate temperature and welding parameters. It has been shown that substrate temperature, itself influenced by process parameters, tends to produce thicker and lower weld beads while it increases.
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Sallet, Vincent. "Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of ZnO Nanowires." In Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Nanowires 1, 265–302. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118984321.ch11.

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Ariza Galván, Enrique, Isabel Montealegre Meléndez, Cristina Arévalo Mora, Eva María Pérez Soriano, Erich Neubauer, and Michael Kitzmantel. "Plasma Metal Deposition for Metallic Materials." In Advanced Additive Manufacturing [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101448.

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Plasma metal deposition (PMD®) is a promising and economical direct energy deposition technique for metal additive manufacturing based on plasma as an energy source. This process allows the use of powder, wire, or both combined as feedstock material to create near-net-shape large size components (i.e., >1 m) with high-deposition rates (i.e., 10 kg/h). Among the already PMD® processed materials stand out high-temperature resistance nickel-based alloys, diverse steels and stainless steels commonly used in the industry, titanium alloys for the aerospace field, and lightweight alloys. Furthermore, the use of powder as feedstock also allows to produce metal matrix composites reinforced with a wide range of materials. This chapter presents the characteristics of the PMD® technology, the welding parameters affecting additive manufacturing, examples of different fabricated materials, as well as the challenges and developments of the rising PMD® technology.
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Mwema, Fredrick M., and Esther T. Akinlabi. "Metal-Arc Welding Technologies for Additive Manufacturing of Metals and Composites." In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 94–105. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4054-1.ch005.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been extensively embraced due to its capability to produce components at lower cost while achieving complex detail. There has been considerable emphasis on the development of low-cost AM technologies and investigation of production of various materials (metals, polymers, etc.) through AM processes. The most developed techniques for AM of products include stereolithography (SLA), fused deposition modelling (FDM), laser technologies, wire-arc welding techniques, and so forth. In this chapter, a review of the wire-arc welding-based technologies for AM is provided in two-fold perspective: (1) the advancement of the arc welding process as an additive manufacturing technology and (2) the progress in the production of metal/alloys and composites through these technologies. The chapter will provide important insights into the application of arc welding technology in additive manufacturing of metals and composites for advanced applications in the era of Industry 4.0.
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Marazani, Tawanda, Daniel Makundwaneyi Madyira, and Esther Titilayo Akinlabi. "Additive Manufacturing for Crack Repair Applications in Metals." In Additive Manufacturing Technologies From an Optimization Perspective, 77–101. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9167-2.ch004.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) builds intricate parts from 3D CAD model data in successive layers. AM offers several advantages and has become a preferred freeform fabrication, processing, manufacturing, maintenance, and repair technique for metals, thermoplastics, ceramics, and composites. When using laser, it bears several names, which include laser additive manufacturing, laser additive technology, laser metal deposition, laser engineered net shape, direct metal deposition, and laser solid forming. These technologies use a laser beam to locally melt the powder or wire and the substrate that fuse upon solidification. AM is mainly applied in the aerospace and biomedical industries. Titanium (Ti) alloys offer very attractive properties much needed in these industries. This chapter explores AM applications for crack repairs in Ti alloys. Metal cracking industrial challenges, crack detection and repair methods, challenges, and milestones for AM repair of cracks in Ti alloys are also discussed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Metal Wire Deposition"

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Liu, Shuang, and Yaoyu Ding. "Wire-based direct metal deposition with Ti6Al4V." In Laser 3D Manufacturing VI, edited by Henry Helvajian, Bo Gu, and Hongqiang Chen. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2510521.

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Valentin, Mathieu, Christophe Arnaud, and Rainer Kling. "Additive manufacturing by wire based laser metal deposition." In Laser 3D Manufacturing VI, edited by Henry Helvajian, Bo Gu, and Hongqiang Chen. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2510074.

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Kumpaty, Subha, Renius Curtis Balu, Abhiram Pinnamaraju, Matthew Schaefer, Andrew Gray, and Scott Woida. "Characterizing Additively Manufactured Metals From a Novel Laser Wire Metal Deposition Process." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23177.

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Abstract Several tests were conducted on 316 stainless steel, and 17-4 PH stainless steel to understand the effect of additive manufacturing on their mechanical properties in general. The samples were produced via a custom-built laser wire metal deposition, with variable laser power of 3600W for 316 stainless, and 4000W for 17-4 PH, but all other printing parameters were kept same. Four different tests, Tensile, Rockwell hardness, Charpy impact, and optical microscopy were carried out to establish the material properties and surface characterization. Through our assessment, it was found that the properties of the laser-printed samples can be greatly varied by printing in an inert atmosphere, while the printing orientation and post-print heat treatment process also play a dominant role in determining the properties. This research showed that the properties of additively manufactured 316 stainless, and 17-4 PH have fared well when compared to ASTM standard values for annealed metals. Details of the results are presented. Inspecting the 316 stainless, the metal strength and hardness were high while being printed in x orientation, while the metal was much more ductile when printed in y orientation. The 316 stainless micro-structure contained no porosity or no anomalies from the samples tested. The results of 17-4 stainless samples matched the ASTM standard values for strength and hardness. But with Charpy impact tests, the results seemed slightly ductile as the values were slightly lower than the threshold. That brittle nature could have been a result of porosity that was visible under microscope. But the porosity levels decreased tremendously when the sample was once again printed in an inert environment. The results of this research have helped us understand the intricate nature of 316 and 17-4 PH stainless steels while being additively printed. The beneficial research experience of participating undergraduate students in collaboration with industry is a special feature of this project.
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Schulz, Martin, Fritz Klocke, Jan Riepe, Nils Klingbeil, and Kristian Arntz. "Process Optimization of Wire Based Laser Metal Deposition of Titanium." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76924.

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Titanium alloys are used instead of steel and nickel-based alloys to lower the weight of turbines whenever it is applicable. Due to the high manufacturing costs of titanium, near-net-shape processes like laser metal deposition (LMD) processes are an approach to improve the production of new turbomachinery components. Additionally, these processes are also suitable for repair. LMD uses wire or powder as additional material. When highly reactive materials like titanium grade 5 (Ti6Al4V) are processed, wire-based laser metal deposition (LMD-W) processes are superior to powder-based processes due to the smaller reactive surface. Nowadays, three main challenges exist when titanium grade 5 (Ti6Al4V) is processed by additive manufacturing (AM): First of all the high affinity to oxygen combined with the increased brittleness of the material in case of a contamination with already low amounts of oxygen has to be faced. Secondly, the material is prone to distortion induced by thermal stress during the manufacturing process. Finally, the material has a complex bimodal microstructure, which has to be adjusted properly to generate optimal strength. The following publication will present how these technical challenges are faced. A local shielding gas concept demonstrates how flooding of the process chamber was avoided. The distortion was lowered by minimizing the heat input. Therefore, the laser spot was adapted. Its size was reduced to physical minimum nearly matching the size of the wire. To avoid process aborts, the proper feeding of the wire was improved. With this optimized process, it was possible to generate several specimens for metallurgical analysis. Finally, treatments to modify the alpha-martensitic-structure into a bimodal structure were performed. Summarizing the results show that the LMD-W process was improved to overcome the main challenges. Thereby the process has become suitable for manufacturing turbomachinery components made from titanium grade 5.
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Xu, Xiang, Gaoyang Mi, and Chunming Wang. "Laser metal deposition with 316L stainless wire: Macro morphologies and microstructures." In ICALEO® 2017: 36th International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics. Laser Institute of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5138148.

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Syed, Waheed Ul Haq, Andrew J. Pinkerton, and Lin Li. "Combined wire and powder feeding laser direct metal deposition for rapid prototyping." In ICALEO® 2004: 23rd International Congress on Laser Materials Processing and Laser Microfabrication. Laser Institute of America, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5060287.

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Medrano, Alexis, Janet Folkes, Joel Segal, and Ian Pashby. "Fibre laser metal deposition with wire: parameters study and temperature monitoring system." In XVII International Symposium on Gas Flow and Chemical Lasers and High Power Lasers. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.816831.

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Hunko, Wesley S., and Lewis N. Payton. "Development of Wire 3D (Wir3D) Printing Parameters." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66186.

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Currently additive manufacturing techniques offer great detail in small, difficult to produce parts. They are also relatively slow, limited in scale and very expensive (especially so in the additive manufacturing of metals realm). Wire and arc additive manufacturing enables manufacturers to build parts by depositing metal in layers using welding techniques. The extremely inexpensive Wire 3D (Wir3D) printing process, in development by the authors, uses an electric arc to melt metals at higher deposition rates than other additive techniques in metals. Large parts can be created quicker with less material waste or total machining time than subtractive manufacturing. Unique metal alloys can also be quickly and economically produced without worry of tool wear and the other drawbacks that are related to super alloy manufacturing as with subtractive techniques. A Wir3D additive machine was designed, constructed and evaluated at Auburn University. The wire deposition machine features a modular, open frame design allowing for easy access and continuous upgrades. The machine, which is based upon gas metal arc welding (GMAW) technology, is extremely rapid compared to other additive processes currently available at producing metal objects. Although it cannot currently compete with laser or electron beam additive methods in terms of resolution, these methods will never be able to compete with Wir3D in terms of speed for bulky print jobs, or especially material costs. During the literature review of this emerging technology, it became apparent that a standard reporting format would greatly increase future developments in the field by all researchers. A standard parametric data sheet was developed to establish a common data set for future researchers (included at end) during the experiments’ execution incorporating all of the parameters reported variously in the scattered literature. The printer described in this paper constructed for very little money by students working together. In the development, voltage and current requirements for different wire diameters were analyzed along with resulting wall widths and heights. The tensile strengths of deposited steel structures were measured in multiple orientations achieving up to 90% of standard material values in one orientation. Deposited steel structures were found to be heat treatable. With improved controls and in-process feedback, one-off castings can be easily replaced using this process in a wide array of metals. The wire 3D printing process is a viable option for low cost and rapid manufacturing of metallic objects [1].
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Heralić, Almir, and Anna-Karin Christiansson. "Automatic in-process control of laser metal-wire deposition based on sensor feedback." In ICALEO® 2011: 30th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing. Laser Institute of America, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5062238.

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Edstorp, Marcus. "Numerical simulation of heat transfer and fluid flow during laser metal wire deposition." In ICALEO® 2011: 30th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing. Laser Institute of America, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5062259.

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Reports on the topic "Metal Wire Deposition"

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Kanner, Joseph, Edwin Frankel, Stella Harel, and Bruce German. Grapes, Wines and By-products as Potential Sources of Antioxidants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7568767.bard.

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Several grape varieties and red wines were found to contain large concentration of phenolic compounds which work as antioxidant in-vitro and in-vivo. Wastes from wine production contain antioxidants in large amounts, between 2-6% on dry material basis. Red wines but also white wines were found to prevent lipid peroxidation of turkey muscle tissues stored at 5oC. The antioxidant reaction of flavonoids found in red wines against lipid peroxidation were found to depend on the structure of the molecule. Red wine flavonoids containing an orthodihydroxy structure around the B ring were found highly active against LDL and membrane lipid peroxidation. The antioxidant activity of red wine polyphenols were also found to be dependent on the catalyzer used. In the presence of H2O2-activated myoglobin, the inhibition efficiency was malvidin 3-glucoside>catechin>malvidin>resveratol. However, in the presence of an iron redox cycle catalyzer, the order of effectiveness was resveratol>malvidin 3-glucoside = malvidin>catechin. Differences in protein binding were found to affect antioxidant activity in inhibiting LDL oxidation. A model protein such as BSA, was investigated on the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, grape extracts, and red wines in a lecithin-liposome model system. Ferulic acid followed by malvidin and rutin were the most efficient in inhibiting both lipid and protein oxidation. Catechin, a flavonal found in red-wines in relatively high concentration was found to inhibit myoglobin catalyzed linoleate membrane lipid peroxidation at a relatively very low concentration. This effect was studied by the determination of the by-products generated from linoleate during oxidation. The study showed that hydroperoxides are catalytically broken down, not to an alcohol but most probably to a non-radical adduct. The ability of wine-phenolics to reduce iron and from complexes with metals were also demonstrated. Low concentration of wine phenolics were found to inhibit lipoxygenase type II activity. An attempt to understand the bioavailability in humans of antocyanins from red wine showed that two antocyanins from red wine were found unchanged in human urine. Other antocyanins seems to undergo molecular modification. In hypercholesterolemic hamsters, aortic lipid deposition was significantly less in animals fed diets supplemented with either catechin or vitamin E. The rate of LDL accumulation in the carotid arteries was also significantly lower in the catechin and vitamin E animal groups. These results suggested a novel mechanism by which wine phenolics are associated with decreased risk of coronary heart diseases. This study proves in part our hypothesis that the "French Paradox" could be explained by the action of the antioxidant effects of phenolic compounds found at high concentration in red wines. The results of this study argue that it is in the interest of public health to increase the consumption of dietary plant falvonoids. Our results and these from others, show that the consumption of red wine or plant derived polyphenolics can change the antioxidant tone of animal and human plasma and its isolated components towards oxidative reactions. However, we need more research to better understand bioavailability and the mechanism of how polyphenolics affect health and disease.
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