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Academic literature on the topic 'Metal Oxyhydroxides'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Metal Oxyhydroxides"

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Olatunde Popoola, Samuel, Xiqiu Han, Yejian Wang, Zhongyan Qiu, and Ying Ye. "Geochemical Investigations of Fe-Si-Mn Oxyhydroxides Deposits in Wocan Hydrothermal Field on the Slow-Spreading Carlsberg Ridge, Indian Ocean: Constraints on Their Types and Origin." Minerals 9, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9010019.

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We have studied morphology, mineralogy and geochemical characteristics of Fe-oxyhydroxide deposits from metal-enriched sediments of the active (Wocan-1) and inactive (Wocan-2) hydrothermal sites (Carlsberg Ridge, Northwest Indian Ocean). Fe-oxyhydroxide deposits on the Wocan-1 site are reddish-brownish, amorphous and subangular. They occur in association with sulfides (e.g., pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite) and sulfate minerals (e.g., gypsum and barite). The geochemical composition shows enrichment in transition metals (Ʃ (Cu + Co + Zn + Ni) = ~1.19 wt. %) and low (<0.4 wt. %) values of Al/(Al + Fe + Mn) ratio. The Wocan-2 samples show poorly crystallized reddish brown and yellowish Fe-oxyhydroxide, with minor peaks of goethite and manganese oxide minerals. The mineral assemblage includes sulfide and sulfate phases. The geochemical compositions show two distinct types (type-1 and type-2). The type-1 Fe-oxyhydroxides are enriched in transition metals (up to ~1.23 wt. %), with low values of Fe/Ti vs. Al/(Al + Fe + Mn) ratio similar to the Wocan-1 Fe-oxyhydroxides. The type-2 Fe-oxyhydroxides are depleted in transition metals, with Al/(Al + Fe + Mn) ratio of 0.003–0.58 (mean value, 0.04). The ridge flank oxyhydroxides exhibit an extremely low (mean value ~ 0.01) Fe/Mn ratio and a depleted concentration of transition metals. Our results revealed that the Wocan-1 Fe-oxyhydroxides and type-1 Fe-oxyhydroxides of the Wocan-2 site are in the range of Fe-oxyhydroxides deposits that are precipitated by mass wasting and corrosion of pre-existing sulfides. The type-2 Fe-oxyhydroxides are precipitated from sulfide alteration by seawater in an oxygenated environment relative to type-1. The association of biogenic detritus with the oxyhydroxides of the ridge flanks and the low Fe/Mn ratio suggests hydrogenous/biogenic processes of formation and masked hydrothermal signatures with distance away from the Wocan hydrothermal field.
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Sipos, Péter, Viktória Kovács Kis, Réka Balázs, Adrienn Tóth, and Tibor Németh. "Effect of pedogenic iron-oxyhydroxide removal on the metal sorption by soil clay minerals." Journal of Soils and Sediments 21, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 1785–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-021-02899-x.

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Abstract Purpose The close association of Fe-oxyhydroxides and clay minerals might influence the sorption properties of these components. We aimed to study the effect of removing the pedogenic Fe-oxyhydroxides on the sorption of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn by the clay mineral particles in soils with contrasting pH. Methods Competitive batch sorption experiments before and after Fe-oxyhydroxide extraction in soils were carried out together with the direct analysis of the metal sorption on individual particles of ferrihydrite, smectite, and illite/smectite by TEM. Results Ferrihydrite was a more effective metal sorbent than clay minerals, although its removal resulted in decreased sorption only for Cd, Cu, and Zn. Ferrhydrite coating blocked metals’ access for certain sorption sites on clay surfaces, which were only accessible for Pb as the most efficient competitor after removing the coating. This observation was the most remarkable for the smectite particles in the alkaline soil. Mineral surfaces sorbed higher Cu than Pb concentrations and higher Zn than Cd concentrations despite the former metals’ lower bulk sorption. Thus, organic surfaces and precipitation contributed to Pb and Cd’s retention to a greater extent than for Cu and Zn. The structural Fe of smectite also promoted the metal sorption in both soils. Conclusion Removal of iron-oxyhydroxide coatings from the soil affects metal sorption selectively. Direct study of metal sorption on individual soil particles enables us to gain a more in-depth insight into soil minerals’ role in this process.
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Lim, Chee Shan, Chun Kiang Chua, Zdeněk Sofer, Kateřina Klímová, Christopher Boothroyd, and Martin Pumera. "Layered transition metal oxyhydroxides as tri-functional electrocatalysts." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 22 (2015): 11920–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta02063h.

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Pechenyuk, S. I., Yu P. Semushina, and L. F. Kuz’mich. "Adsorption affinity of anions on metal oxyhydroxides." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 87, no. 3 (February 3, 2013): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024413030205.

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SPARK, K. M., B. B. JOHNSON, and J. D. WELLS. "Characterizing heavy-metal adsorption on oxides and oxyhydroxides." European Journal of Soil Science 46, no. 4 (December 1995): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1995.tb01358.x.

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Tang, Cheng, Hao-Fan Wang, Han-Sen Wang, Fei Wei, and Qiang Zhang. "Guest–host modulation of multi-metallic (oxy)hydroxides for superb water oxidation." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 9 (2016): 3210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta00328a.

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Barforoush, Joseph M., Dylan T. Jantz, Tess E. Seuferling, Kelly R. Song, Laura C. Cummings, and Kevin C. Leonard. "Microwave-assisted synthesis of a nanoamorphous (Ni0.8,Fe0.2) oxide oxygen-evolving electrocatalyst containing only “fast” sites." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 23 (2017): 11661–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta00151g.

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Shi, Zhikai, Zebin Yu, Ronghua Jiang, Jun Huang, Yanping Hou, Jianhua Chen, Yongqing Zhang, Hongxiang Zhu, Bing Wang, and Han Pang. "MOF-derived M-OOH with rich oxygen defects by in situ electro-oxidation reconstitution for a highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 18 (2021): 11415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta01638e.

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Metal-oxyhydroxides with rich oxygen defects (M-OOHv) derived from MOFs were prepared through an efficient, simple, and green in situ electro-oxidation reconstitution strategy for a highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction.
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Chen, Tse-Wei, Shen-Ming Chen, Ganesan Anushya, Ramanujam Kannan, Pitchaimani Veerakumar, Mohammed Mujahid Alam, Saranvignesh Alargarsamy, and Rasu Ramachandran. "Metal-Oxides- and Metal-Oxyhydroxides-Based Nanocomposites for Water Splitting: An Overview." Nanomaterials 13, no. 13 (July 5, 2023): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13132012.

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Water electrolysis is an important alternative technology for large-scale hydrogen production to facilitate the development of green energy technology. As such, many efforts have been devoted over the past three decades to producing novel electrocatalysis with strong electrochemical (EC) performance using inexpensive electrocatalysts. Transition metal oxyhydroxide (OxH)-based electrocatalysts have received substantial interest, and prominent results have been achieved for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under alkaline conditions. Herein, the extensive research focusing on the discussion of OxH-based electrocatalysts is comprehensively highlighted. The general forms of the water-splitting mechanism are described to provide a profound understanding of the mechanism, and their scaling relation activities for OxH electrode materials are given. This paper summarizes the current developments on the EC performance of transition metal OxHs, rare metal OxHs, polymers, and MXene-supported OxH-based electrocatalysts. Additionally, an outline of the suggested HER, OER, and water-splitting processes on transition metal OxH-based electrocatalysts, their primary applications, existing problems, and their EC performance prospects are discussed. Furthermore, this review article discusses the production of energy sources from the proton and electron transfer processes. The highlighted electrocatalysts have received substantial interest to boost the synergetic electrochemical effects to improve the economy of the use of hydrogen, which is one of best ways to fulfill the global energy requirements and address environmental crises. This article also provides useful information regarding the development of OxH electrodes with a hierarchical nanostructure for the water-splitting reaction. Finally, the challenges with the reaction and perspectives for the future development of OxH are elaborated.
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Xu, Zhichuan J. "Transition metal oxides for water oxidation: All about oxyhydroxides?" Science China Materials 63, no. 1 (September 3, 2019): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40843-019-9588-5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Metal Oxyhydroxides"

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Bashir, Sami Mohamed. "Templating of metal oxide and oxyhydroxides nanoparticles in surfactant media." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2004. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20848/.

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For industrial objectives, synthesis of akaganéite ffl-FeOOH) and goethite ((X-FeOOH) iron oxyhydroxides with nanometre particle size and acicular morphology was targeted. Both P & a-FeOOH particles were generated via forced hydrolysis of Fe" ions in acidic media. Templated syntheses of these particles were carried out in surfactant lyotropic liquid crystal media and in aqueous glyme solutions. Partial phase diagrams for different commercial surfactantIH20 systems (Neodol (1-5E), Brij 97 and CTAB) have been examined for stability to the iron oxyhydroxide synthesis conditions (pH, ionic media and iron cations), with only CTAB/water system losing lyotropic phase integrity in the presence of iron cations. The Neodol (I-SE) maintained an ordered lamellar (L4 phase for a surfactant molar ratio between 0.035 and 0.1, and up to 50°C. The Brij 97 gave a stable hexagonal phase from 0.014 to 0.025 mol/mol (up to about 45°C) and a lamellar phase from 0.047 to 0.1mol/mol (up to about 65°C). The stability of these polyethylene oxide non-ionic surfactant materials was examined against the different conditions that can be used for the synthesis of 13- & a-FeOOH such as pH, ionic species, Fe" and Fe" ions. The addition of Cr, NO3, S042, and P043 anions and Nat, C2t Mg2 and Cr3 cations induced a noticeable destabilisation effect at the high concentration end of the lyotropic liquid crystal phases. Small angle x-ray diffraction was used to determine the spacing available for templated reaction. The d-spacing of the L. phase of Neodol (I-SE) varied between = 4.8 and 7 nm with concentration, which was found to be equivalent to water layer thickness of =3.3 - 5.5 nm. The Brij 97 provided a minimum templating distance of about 1.4 nm in the hexagonal phase and 1.95 nm in the lamellar. In the Neodol (l-SE)/water surfactant system, f3- & a-FeOOH particles were characterised using FT-IR, UV-VIS, PCS, TEM and AFM techniques. The -FeOOH formed cigar-shaped acicular particles both in free solution and in the lamellar phase. The size of particles from free solution ranged between 300 - 500 nm in length and 30 to 60 nm in width. The size of particles grown in Neodol (I-SE) / water system ranged from 25 to 40 nm in length and 4 to 7 nm in width and showed narrower size distribution, using PCS, compared to their counterparts prepared in aqueous solution. The a-FeOOH particles produced in aqueous and Neodol (1-5E) surfactant medium appeared as aggregates. The aggregates produced in aqueous solution were not uniform in shape with sizes ranging from 100 to 200 nm. The aggregates formed from the ordered surfactant phase were elongated in shape with sizes ranging from SO to IOU nm. PCS also showed smaller size distribution of u-FeOOH from templated synthesis compared to ct-FeOOH prepared in aqueous solution. Also, the 13-FeOOH iron oxide prepared in the Brij 97 / water system appeared as aggregates under the TEM. The effect of the ethylene oxide species, the surfactant head group, on the hydrolysis of Fe" ions and the consequent production of 13-FeOOH particles has been examined using, a series of glymes, organic molecules containing ethylene oxide species. The glymes were observed to induce faster precipitation and templating effects on 3-FeOOH particles produced. Glymes also showed evidence of possible chelating effects influencing the hydrolysis mechanistic processes.
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Pierre-Louis, Andro-Marc. "Studies of the Surface Reactivity of Metal Oxyhydroxides and Sulfides with Relevance to Environmental Chemistry." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/306329.

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Chemistry
Ph.D.
With the benefits of an ever increasing advance of industrialization around the globe come formidable environmental CO2 . Three environmental problems that have relevance to the research described in this thesis are the 1) buildup of atmospheric CO2 gas through the burning of fossil fuels, 2) eutrophication of aquatic systems, and 3) the acidification of environments from acid mine drainage (AMD) resulting from coal-mining activities. In particular research is presented in this thesis that investigated the surface chemistry of CO2 and phosphate (PO43-) on a suite of environmentally relevant iron oxyhydroxide materials and the chemistry of phospholipid molecules on environmentally relevant iron sulfide surfaces to suppress AMD. To develop a microscopic understanding of the surface chemistry of the different systems, an array of experimental and computational techniques were used in the research. Techniques included X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic adsorption, X-ray diffraction, scanning transmission microscopy with electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM/EDS), ion chromatography (IC), and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR). Results from the latter technique were interpreted with the aid of density function theory (DFT) calculations. Iron oxyhydroxides, which consisted of ferrihydrite (FeOOH), goethite α-FeOOH), ferrimagnetic ferrihydrite (FerriFh), and aluminum-doped iron oxyhydroxide (content from 0-100 mol%) were synthesized and studied before and after exposure to gaseous CO2 , CO32-, and PO43- species. FeOOH and mixed Al/Fe oxyhydroxide surfaces showed high affinities for the formation of carbonate and bicarbonate species upon exposure to gaseous CO2 . Within the Al/Fe oxyhydroxide circumstance, a low Al level of incorporation in the iron oxyhydroxide structure caused a slight increase in surface area and increase in the amount of oxyanion (e.g., CO32- or PO43-) adsorption up to an Al level of 30 mol%. Significant changes were observed in the binding geometry of the adsorbed complexes on the Al/Fe mineral compared to single phase α-FeOOH, AlOOH, and FeOOH surfaces. ATR-FTIR results combined with vibrational frequency (DFT) calculations suggested the formation of multiple phosphate surface complexes via a variety of configurations such as inner-sphere/outer-sphere bidentate, monodentate depending on the solution pH and the Al mol% substituted into the Fe-oxyhydroxide. Studies investigated the adsorption of CO2 on FerriFh and compared those results to CO2 on ferrihydrite. The CO2 pressures used in these particular studies ranged from 1 to 57.8 bars. It is found that citrate bound species, resulting from the synthesis conditions used to make FerriFh, blocked surface sites for the formation of carbonate and bicarbonate species on the magnetic FerriFh and ferrihydrite oxyhydroxide minerals upon CO2 (gas) exposure. A bicarbonate or bent-CO2 like species (~1220 cm-1) formed at lower CO2 pressures (≤ 3.5 bars) but was absent at the higher pressures. Additional studies investigated the adsorption of various phospholipid molecules on pyrite, and iron sulfide with FeS2 stoichiometry. These studies were focused on suppressing the oxidative decomposition of pyrite to sulfuric acid, the root cause of AMD. Batch and column studies were employed to investigate the ability of phospholipids to reduce AMD over an extended period of time (up to 3 years). In studies that used actual coal mining refuse, which contained significant amount of pyrite, it was shown that the rate of acid production from pyrite decomposition could be reduced by as much as 70% due to the presence of surface bound phospholipid. Assembly of the phospholipid into a bilayer motif on the sulfide surface was hypothesized to form a hydrophobic barrier that kept dissolved O2 and bacteria from facilitating the oxidation of FeS2. Column experiments showed that when water at pH 7 was flowed over the coal mining waste, the effluent had a pH close to 3. In contrast when water at pH 7 was flowed over the pyrite containing waste, which was pretreated with lipid, the effluent had a pH closer to 7, and the total amount of Fe (Fe2+/Fe3+) and SO42- in the effluent waters was also reduced relative to the untreated pyrite containing waste circumstance. These studies showed that the application of phospholipid to pyrite containing coal mining waste could potentially be an environmentally friendly remediation technique.
Temple University--Theses
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Yang, Jing. "Synthesis and characterisation of metal oxyhydroxide and oxide nanomaterials." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/45712/1/Jing_Yang_Thesis.pdf.

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In this work, a range of nanomaterials have been synthesised based on metal oxyhydroxides MO(OH), where M=Al, Co, Cr, etc. Through a self-assembly hydrothermal route, metal oxyhydroxide nanomaterials with various morphologies were successfully synthesised: one dimensional boehmite (AlO(OH)) nanofibres, zero dimensional indium hydroxide (In(OH)3) nanocubes and chromium oxyhydroxide (CrO(OH)) nanoparticles, as well as two dimensional cobalt hydroxide and oxyhydroxide (Co(OH)2 & CoO(OH)) nanodiscs. In order to control the synthetic nanomaterial morphology and growth, several factors were investigated including cation concentration, temperature, hydrothermal treatment time, and pH. Metal ion doping is a promising technique to modify and control the properties of materials by intentionally introducing impurities or defects into the material. Chromium was successfully applied as a dopant for fabricating doped boehmite nanofibres. The thermal stability of the boehmite nanofibres was enhanced by chromium doping, and the photoluminescence property was introduced to the chromium doped alumina nanofibres. Doping proved to be an efficient method to modify and functionalize nanomaterials. The synthesised nanomaterials were fully characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with selected area electron diffraction (SAED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET specific surface area analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Hot-stage Raman and infrared emission spectroscopy were applied to study the chemical reactions during dehydration and dehydroxylation. The advantage of these techniques is that the changes in molecular structure can be followed in situ and at the elevated temperatures.
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Trotochaud, Lena. "Structure-Composition-Activity Relationships in Transition-Metal Oxide and Oxyhydroxide Oxygen-Evolution Electrocatalysts." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18312.

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Solar water-splitting is a potentially transformative renewable energy technology. Slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limit the efficiency of solar-water-splitting devices, thus constituting a hurdle to widespread implementation of this technology. Catalysts must be stable under highly oxidizing conditions in aqueous electrolyte and minimally absorb light. A grand goal of OER catalysis research is the design of new materials with higher efficiencies enabled by comprehensive understanding of the fundamental chemistry behind catalyst activity. However, little progress has been made towards this goal to date. This dissertation details work addressing major challenges in the field of OER catalysis. Chapter I introduces the current state-of-the-art and challenges in the field. Chapter II highlights work using ultra-thin films as a platform for fundamental study and comparison of catalyst activity. Key results of this work are (1) the identification of a Ni0.9Fe0.1OOH catalyst displaying the highest OER activity in base to date and (2) that in base, many transition-metal oxides transform to layered oxyhydroxide materials which are the active catalysts. The latter result is critical in the context of understanding structure-activity relationships in OER catalysts. Chapter III explores the optical properties of these catalysts, using in situ spectroelectrochemistry to quantify their optical absorption. A new figure-of-merit for catalyst performance is developed which considers both optical and kinetic losses due to the catalyst and describes how these factors together affect the efficiency of composite semiconductor/catalyst photoanodes. In Chapter IV, the fundamental structure-composition-activity relationships in Ni1-xFexOOH catalysts are systematically investigated. This work shows that nearly all previous studies of Ni-based catalysts were likely affected by the presence of Fe impurities, a realization which holds significant weight for future study of Ni-based catalyst materials. Chapter V discusses the synthesis of tin-titanium oxide nanoparticles with tunable lattice constants. These materials could be used to make high-surface-area supports for thin layers of OER catalysts, which is important for maximizing catalyst surface area, minimizing the use of precious-metal catalysts, and optimizing 3D structure for enhanced mass/bubble transport. Finally, Chapter VI summarizes this work and outlines directions for future research. This work contains previously published and unpublished co-authored material.
2015-03-29
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Syrovetnik, Kristina. "Long-term metal retention processes in a peat bog : Field studies, data and modelling." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-460.

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"Synthesis and characterization of novel proton-conductive composite membranes derived from the hybridization of metal oxyhydroxide nanoparticles and organic polymers for fuel cell applications." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2504.

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Book chapters on the topic "Metal Oxyhydroxides"

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Powell, Annie K. "Polyiron oxides, oxyhydroxides and hydroxides as models for biomineralisation processes." In Metal Sites in Proteins and Models, 1–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-62870-3_1.

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Vences-Alvarez, Esmeralda, Cesar Nieto-Delgado, and Jose Rene Rangel-Mendez. "Metal Oxyhydroxide Composites for Halogens and Metalloid Removal." In Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, 57–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47400-3_3.

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Alex, T. C., Rakesh Kumar, S. K. Roy, and S. P. Mehrotra. "Mechanical Activation of Al-Oxyhydroxide Minerals — Physicochemical Changes, Reactivity and Relevance to Bayer Process." In Light Metals 2012, 15–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48179-1_3.

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Alex, T. C., Rakesh Kumar, S. K. Roy, and S. P. Mehrotra. "Mechanical Activation of Al-Oxyhydroxide Minerals - Physicochemical Changes, Reactivity and Relevance to Bayer Process." In Light Metals 2012, 15–19. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118359259.ch3.

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Baksi, Arnab, David L. Cocke, Andrew Gomes, John Gossage, Mark Riggs, Gary Beall, and Hylton McWhinney. "Characterization of Copper-Manganese-Aluminummagnesium Mixed Oxyhydroxide and Oxide Catalysts for Redox Reactions." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2016, 151–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119263722.ch18.

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Baksi, Arnab, David L. Cocke, Andrew Gomes, John Gossage, Mark Riggs, Gary Beall, and Hylton McWhinney. "Characterization of Copper-Manganese-Aluminum-Magnesium Mixed Oxyhydroxide and Oxide Catalysts for Redox Reactions." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2016, 151–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48210-1_18.

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Mangunda, Cledwyn, Jochen Petersen, and Alison Lewis. "The Dewatering Behaviour of Transformed Ferri-Oxyhydroxide Precipitates Formed Under Moderate Temperature and Varying Fe(III) Concentrations." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 1597–609. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_132.

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Pankow, James F. "Simple Salts and Metal Oxides/Hydroxides/Oxyhydroxides." In Aquatic Chemistry Concepts, 219–43. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429198861-11.

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Jolivet, Jean-Pierre. "Aluminum Oxides: Alumina and Aluminosilicates." In Metal Oxide Nanostructures Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190928117.003.0009.

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Aluminum is the third most abundant element in Earth’s crust (8.3% in mass), behind oxygen (45.5%) and silicon (27.2%). It forms in nature various oxygenated mineral phases: hydroxides Al(OH)3, oxyhydroxides AlOOH, of which bauxite is the main ore, and oxides, Al2O3, alumina. Corundum, α- Al2O3, is the component of many gems: sapphire (pure Al2O3, perfectly colorless), ruby (red colored due to the presence of Cr3+ ions), and blue sapphire (blue colored by the presence of Ti4+ and Fe2+ ions), among many others. The content of foreign elements substituted for Al3+ ions in these phases accounts for only a small percentage of the total. Aluminum also forms many natural phases in combination with various elements, especially silicon in aluminosilicates, such as feldspars, clays, zeolites, allophanes, and imogolites. The biochemical cycling of the elements involves many soluble complexes of aluminum in natural waters [1, 2]. Aluminum oxides and oxy(hydroxi)des are important materials and nanomaterials used in many fields: for instance, as active phase for adsorption in water treatment; as inert support and active phase in catalysis; as active phase in flame-retardant polymers; as refractory material for laboratory tools and in the ceramics industry; and as abrasives [3, 4]. Alumina Al2O3 is produced in various forms (tubes, balls, fibers, and powders) for numerous industrial uses (laboratory tools, filtration membranes, ball bearings, fine powders as catalysis supports, etc.). The structural chemistry of aluminum oxy(hydroxi)des is rich. There are various hydroxides, Al(OH)3 (gibbsite, also named hydrargillite, bayerite, and some other polytypes such as nordstrandite and doyleite), oxyhydroxides, AlOOH (boehmite and diaspore), and a series of oxides, Al2O3, so-called transition aluminas. These last phases have different degrees of hydration and different degrees of order of the Al3+ cations within the cubic close packing of oxygen atoms according to the temperature at which they have been submitted. They belong to various structural types (γ, δ, θ, η, κ, etc.). These aluminas of huge specific surface areas are usually used in catalysis, especially γ-alumina of spinel crystal structure.
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Jolivet, Jean-Pierre. "Iron Oxides: An Example of Structural Versatility." In Metal Oxide Nanostructures Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190928117.003.0010.

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Iron is Earth’s fourth most widespread element (6.2% in mass), behind oxygen, silicon, and aluminum. It exists mostly as ferric oxide and oxyhydroxide (Fig. 7.1a) and to a lesser extent as sulfide (pyrite), carbonate (siderite), and silicate (fayalite). Iron oxides are largely used in technological areas such as metallurgy, colored pigments, magnetic materials, and catalysts. They also play an important role in the environment because the dissolution of ferric oxides in natural waters, promoted by acid–base, redox, photochemical phenomena, and also microbial mediation, allows iron to be involved in many biogeochemical processes. Iron is present in many living organisms such as plants, bacteria, mollusks, animals, and humans in various forms: . . . Porphyrinic complexes of iron, which are active centers of hemoglobin and several ferredoxins involved in biological functions, especially respiration mechanism and photosynthesis. Nanoparticles of amorphous ferric oxyhydroxides in animal and human organisms as ferritin, which allows regulation and storage of iron and in various nanophases present in plants as phytoferritin. Crystalline iron oxy(hydroxi)des produced by biomineralization processes. Goethite, lepidocrocite, and magnetite are the main constituents of radulas and the teeth of mollusks (limpets, chitons). Magnetite nanoparticles produced by magnetotactic bacteria (Fig. 7.1b), as well as by bees and pigeons, are used for purposes of orientation and guiding along the lines of force of the Earth’s magnetic field. Green rusts are also ferric- ferrous compounds belonging to the biogeochemical cycle of iron. . . . The crystal chemistry of iron oxy(hydroxi)des is very rich. The ferric, ferrous, and mixed ferric- ferrous oxygenated compounds correspond to around a dozen crystal structural types (Fig. 7.2). Most of these crystal phases can be synthesized from solutions in the laboratory, giving rise to a most diversified chemistry. They are also formed in nature because of the large variability of physicochemical conditions: an acidity range from around pH 0 to 13; redox conditions from oxic to totally anoxic media; bacterial activity that can be extremely intense; salinity largely varying from almost pure waters to real brines; presence of many organic and inorganic ligands; and various photochemical processes.
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Conference papers on the topic "Metal Oxyhydroxides"

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Frederick, Logan, William P. Johnson, Diego P. Fernandez, and Thure Cerling. "ROLE OF FE, MN, AND AL OXYHYDROXIDES IN MOBILIZING METALS RELEASED DURING THE GOLD KING MINE SPILL." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-286092.

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Kocik, Emma, and Christopher Kim. "From fresh to saltwater: the influence of salinity on the adsorption and retention of heavy metals to iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.12263.

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Godart, Peter, Jason Fischman, and Douglas Hart. "High-Power Fuel Cell Systems Fueled by Recycled Aluminum." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10478.

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Abstract:
Abstract Presented here is a novel system that uses an aluminum-based fuel to continuously produce electrical power at the kW scale via a hydrogen fuel cell. This fuel has an energy density of 23.3 kWh/L and can be produced from abundant scrap aluminum via a minimal surface treatment of gallium and indium. These additional metals, which in total comprise 2.5% of the fuel’s mass, permeate the grain boundary network of the aluminum and disrupt its oxide layer, thereby enabling the fuel to react exothermically with water to produce hydrogen gas and aluminum oxyhydroxide, an inert and valuable byproduct. To generate electrical power using this fuel, the aluminum-water reaction is controlled via water input to a reaction vessel in order to produce a constant flow of hydrogen, which is then consumed in a fuel cell to produce electricity. As validation of this power system architecture, we present the design and implementation of two example systems that successfully demonstrate this approach. The first is a 3 kW emergency power supply and the second is a 10 kW power system integrated into a BWM i3 electric vehicle.
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Reports on the topic "Metal Oxyhydroxides"

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Gadd, M. G., J. M. Peter, T A Fraser, and D. Layton-Matthews. Paleoredox and lithogeochemical indicators of the environment of formation and genesis of the Monster River hyper-enriched black shale showing, Yukon. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328004.

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Northern Yukon hosts occurrences of Middle Devonian hyper-enriched black shale (HEBS) Ni-Mo-Zn-platinum-group element-Au-Re mineralization, including the Monster River showing in the Ogilvie Mountains. This mineralization has been documented predominantly in the Paleozoic Richardson trough; however, the Monster River showing is atypical, occurring within the Blackstone trough, more than 200 km to the west on the southern margin of the Yukon block. The ambient paleoredox conditions of the marine water column and sediments may be primary controlling factors in HEBS formation. We use major and trace element lithogeochemistry to better understand ambient paleoenvironmental redox conditions through the application of robust redox proxies to HEBS mineralization and host rocks. Uniformly negative Ce anomalies (0.6-0.9) indicate that the water column was predominantly suboxic throughout the deposition interval, even during HEBS mineralization. Although there is a strong terrigenous influence on the rare earth element-yttrium (REE-Y) abundances of the sedimentary rocks, superchondritic Y/Ho ratios (&amp;gt;27) indicate that seawater contributed REE-Y to the host rocks and HEBS. High (&amp;gt;10) authigenic Mo/U ratios indicate that a Fe-Mn particulate shuttle operated in the water column; this is corroborated by negative Ce anomalies and high Y/Ho ratios. The data indicate that metalliferous sedimentary rocks formed by hydrogenous metal enrichment (e.g. Ni, Mo, Pt) caused by ferromanganese oxyhydroxide particulate shuttling as chemical sediments; moreover, the REE- and Mo-based paleoenvironmental indicators suggest a complexly redox-stratified depositional environment with an abundant supply of metals, metalloids, and sulfur.
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