Journal articles: 'Metal oxide'

1

Cha, Wu-Shin, Junsik Lee, Malkeshkumar Patel, Kibum Lee, and Joondong Kim. "Flexible and Transparent Heater with Oxide/Metal/Oxide Structure." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 72, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2023.72.1.87.

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Kang, Kilmo, Ju-Hyung Yun, Yun Chang Park, and Joondong Kim. "Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Photoelectric Devices." Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers 27, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4313/jkem.2014.27.5.276.

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Shin, Hyeong-Won, Taek-Kyun Jung, Hyo-Soo Lee, and Seung-Boo Jung. "Peel strengths of the Composite Structure of Metal and Metal Oxide Laminate." Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society 20, no. 4 (December 30, 2013): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.6117/kmeps.2013.20.4.013.

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Tresback, Jason S., Alexander L. Vasiliev, and Nitin P. Padture. "Engineered metal–oxide–metal heterojunction nanowires." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 10 (October 2005): 2613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0347.

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Using a unique combination of template-based synthesis methods involving anodization, electroplating, and selective oxidation, we have synthesized engineered metal–oxide–metal (MOM) heterojunction nanowires in the Au–SnO2–Au and Au–NiO–Au systems for possible use in nanoelectronics. The template-based synthesis method used here is generic, and it has the potential to provide control over the structure and characteristics of the resulting MOM nanowires. By virtue of their heterojunction structure, MOM nanowires have the potential to overcome some of the drawbacks associated with all-oxide nanowire building blocks, and they present a rare opportunity to measure directly fundamental functional properties of nanoscale oxides.

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PLUMEJEAU, Sandrine, Johan Gilbert ALAUZUN, and Bruno BOURY. "Hybrid metal oxide@biopolymer materials precursors of metal oxides and metal oxide-carbon composites." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 123, no. 1441 (2015): 695–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.123.695.

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Majhi, Sanjit Manohar, Ali Mirzaei, Hyoun Woo Kim, and Sang Sub Kim. "Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)-Loaded Metal-Oxide Nanofiber Gas Sensors: An Overview." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 14, 2021): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041352.

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Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a reduced form of graphene oxide used extensively in gas sensing applications. On the other hand, in its pristine form, graphene has shortages and is generally utilized in combination with other metal oxides to improve gas sensing capabilities. There are different ways of adding rGO to different metal oxides with various morphologies. This study focuses on rGO-loaded metal oxide nanofiber (NF) synthesized using an electrospinning method. Different amounts of rGO were added to the metal oxide precursors, and after electrospinning, the gas response is enhanced through different sensing mechanisms. This review paper discusses rGO-loaded metal oxide NFs gas sensors.

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Zarzycki, Arkadiusz, Juliusz Chojenka, Marcin Perzanowski, and Marta Marszalek. "Electrical Transport and Magnetic Properties of Metal/Metal Oxide/Metal Junctions Based on Anodized Metal Oxides." Materials 14, no. 9 (May 4, 2021): 2390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092390.

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In this paper, we describe magnetoelectric properties of metal/metal-oxide/metal junctions based on anodized metal oxides. Specifically, we use Ti and Fe metallic layers separated by the porous metal-oxides of iron or titanium formed by the anodization method. Thus, we prepare double junctions with at least one ferromagnetic layer and measure magnetoresistance, as well as their current-voltage and magnetic characteristics. We find that magnetoresistance depends on that junction composition and discuss the nature of differential resistance calculated from I-V characteristics. Our findings show that a top metallic layer and the interface between this layer and anodized oxide, where strong interatomic diffusion is expected, have the strongest influence on this observed behavior.

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8

Takagaki. "Rational Design of Metal Oxide Solid Acids for Sugar Conversion." Catalysts 9, no. 11 (October 29, 2019): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9110907.

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Aqueous-phase acid-catalyzed reactions are essential for the conversion of cellulose-based biomass into chemicals. Brønsted acid and Lewis acid play important roles for these reactions, including hydrolysis of saccharides, isomerization and epimerization of aldoses, conversion of d-glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, cyclodehydration of sugar alcohols and conversion of trioses into lactic acid. A variety of metal oxide solid acids has been developed and applied for the conversion of sugars so far. The catalytic activity is mainly dependent on the structures and types of solid acids. Amorphous metal oxides possess coordinatively unsaturated metal sites that function as Lewis acid sites while some crystal metal oxides have strong Brønsted acid sites. This review introduces several types of metal oxide solid acids, such as layered metal oxides, metal oxide nanosheet aggregates, mesoporous metal oxides, amorphous metal oxides and supported metal oxides for sugar conversions.

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Głab, StanisŁAw, Adam Hulanicki, Gunnar Edwall, and Folke Ingman. "Metal-Metal Oxide and Metal Oxide Electrodes as pH Sensors." Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 21, no. 1 (August 1989): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408348908048815.

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Li, Yangyang, Yunshang Zhang, Kun Qian, and Weixin Huang. "Metal–Support Interactions in Metal/Oxide Catalysts and Oxide–Metal Interactions in Oxide/Metal Inverse Catalysts." ACS Catalysis 12, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 1268–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c04854.

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Gulkhan, Genjemuratova, and Jumabayeva Janna Mahmud kizi. "THE DISSOLUTION OF ANTIMONY OXIDES, AND LEAD AND OTHER RELATED METALS IN ALKALINE-AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTIONS." International Journal of Pedagogics 03, no. 06 (June 1, 2023): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijp/volume03issue06-10.

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Metal oxides such as antimony oxide and lead oxide can be dissolved in alkaline-aqueous organic solutions through various methods, including acid-base reactions, complexation, ion exchange, and redox reactions. These methods involve manipulating factors such as pH, temperature, type of solvent, concentration of metal oxide, and presence of other ions. By dissolving metal oxides, they can be extracted from various materials.

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12

A. Almehizia, Abdulrahman, Mohamed A. Al-Omar, Ahmed M. Naglah, and Mashooq A. Bhat. "Metal-urea complexes as primary precursors to generate VO2, ZrO2, NbO2, TaO2, Ga2O3 and TeO2 oxides in the nanoscale range by thermal decomposition route." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 38, no. 4 (April 30, 2024): 1003–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.15.

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Six metal chlorides of vanadium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, gallium, and tellurium (i.e., VCl3, ZrOCl2×8H2O, NbCl5, TaCl5, GaCl3, and TeCl4) were reacted with urea (referred to as U) in aqueous media at ~ 50 oC. The resulting metal-urea complexes were characterized using CHN elemental analyses, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. After the synthesized metal-urea complexes were characterized, their ability to form stable metal oxides was examined. The vanadium(IV) oxide; VO2, zirconium(IV) oxide; ZrO2, niobium(IV) oxide, NbO2, tantalum(IV) oxide; TaO2, gallium(III) oxide; Ga2O3, and tellurium(IV) oxide; TeO2, were generated by the thermal decomposition route of the synthesized metal-urea complexes at low temperature 600 °C in static air atmosphere. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the oxides contain uniform spherical nanoparticles. KEY WORDS: Metal chloride, Metal-urea complex, Urea, FTIR, TEM Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 1003-1012. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.15

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Gao, Xiaoyong, Lin Zhang, Lifeng Zhang, and Xuanhui Qu. "Non-metallic inclusions in a superalloy during refining through cold crucible levitation melting process." Metallurgical Research & Technology 119, no. 2 (2022): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022012.

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Oxide and nitride inclusions in a Ni-based superalloy during the cold crucible levitation melting (CCLM) process were investigated towards a better understanding for the removal of inclusions from the metal. The number, morphology, size distribution and spatial distribution of inclusions were characterized using an automated scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Inclusions in the alloy were efficiently agglomerated and removed by floating during CCLM process. Inclusion clusters as big as 30-400 ?m were observed. Oxide clusters were efficiently floated during pouring process. The removal ratios of oxides were about 21% without pouring and 62% with pouring, respectively. Additionally, CCLM promotes the separation of oxides from nitrides. The effect of CCLM on the removal of nitride inclusions is not such evident compared with oxides. The mechanism of inclusion removal during CCLM was clarified.

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14

Khine, Ei Ei, and George Kaptay. "Identification of Nano-Metal Oxides That Can Be Synthesized by Precipitation-Calcination Method Reacting Their Chloride Solutions with NaOH Solution and Their Application for Carbon Dioxide Capture from Air—A Thermodynamic Analysis." Materials 16, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020776.

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Several metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were already obtained by mixing NaOH solution with chloride solution of the corresponding metal to form metal hydroxide or oxide precipitates and wash—dry—calcine the latter. However, the complete list of metal oxide NPs is missing with which this technology works well. The aim of this study was to fill this knowledge gap and to provide a full list of possible metals for which this technology probably works well. Our methodology was chemical thermodynamics, analyzing solubilities of metal chlorides, metal oxides and metal hydroxides in water and also standard molar Gibbs energy changes accompanying the following: (i) the reaction between metal chlorides and NaOH; (ii) the dissociation reaction of metal hydroxides into metal oxide and water vapor and (iii) the reaction between metal oxides and gaseous carbon dioxide to form metal carbonates. The major result of this paper is that the following metal-oxide NPs can be produced by the above technology from the corresponding metal chlorides: Al2O3, BeO, CaO, CdO, CoO, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, In2O3, La2O3, MgO, MnO, Nd2O3, NiO, Pr2O3, Sb2O3, Sm2O3, SnO, Y2O3 and ZnO. From the analysis of the literature, the following nine nano-oxides have been already obtained experimentally with this technology: CaO, CdO, Co3O4, CuO, Fe2O3, NiO, MgO, SnO2 and ZnO (note: Co3O4 and SnO2 were obtained under oxidizing conditions during calcination in air). Thus, it is predicted here that the following nano-oxides can be potentially synthesized with this technology in the future: Al2O3, BeO, In2O3, La2O3, MnO, Nd2O3, Pr2O3, Sb2O3, Sm2O3 and Y2O3. The secondary result is that among the above 20 nano-oxides, the following five nano-oxides are able to capture carbon dioxide from air at least down to 42 ppm residual CO2-content, i.e., decreasing the current level of 420 ppm of CO2 in the Earth’s atmosphere at least tenfold: CaO, MnO, MgO, CdO, CoO. The tertiary result is that by mixing the AuCl3 solution with NaOH solution, Au nano-particles will precipitate without forming Au-oxide NPs. The results are significant for the synthesis of metal nano-oxide particles and for capturing carbon dioxide from air.

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15

Chen, Xingrun, Jing Guo, Kai Hui, Changbo Wang, and Jixiang Pan. "Immersion pickling of oxide layer on hot-rolled 2205 duplex stainless steel in sulfuric acid with different additives." Metallurgical Research & Technology 119, no. 2 (2022): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022010.

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The oxide layer formed after hot-rolling of duplex stainless steel (DSS) alloy 2205 was studied by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) with wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS). Immersion pickling of the oxide layer on hot-rolled 2205 DSS in sulfuric acid at 80 °C with different additives was investigated via open-circuit potential and SEM imaging. The effects of different pickling solutions on descaling capacity were discussed. Results showed that the outer layer of the oxide layer was mainly iron oxide, whereas the maximum concentration of oxidized Cr occurred inside the layer; oxidized Cr extended far beyond the oxide/metal interface. The removal capacity of the oxide layer was weak with a sulfuric acid solution of 300 g/L. Many surface oxides appeared after the 20 min immersion test. After adding 1 mol/L NaCl, the pickling effect was significantly improved, and the open-circuit potential reduced from 0.3V to –0.32V. However, after a 20-min substrate immersion test, the surface was rough. Continuous addition of 50 g/L hexamethylenetetramine could remove the oxide in 20 min, resulting in a surface with a metallic luster. The initial potential of the reaction was –0.325 V. The potential then rose rapidly to –0.312 V within 280 s. The rapid increase in potential could be attributed to the inhibitory effect of hexamethylenetetramine. The optimum pickling process was as follows: 300 g/L H2SO4 + 1 mol/L NaCl+ 50 g/L hexamethylenetetramine solution at 80 °C in 20 min.

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16

Yong, Li. "Binary metal-metal oxide superlattice nanostructures from their metal and metal oxide nanocrystals." Chinese Journal of Catalysis 35, no. 7 (July 2014): 981–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1872-2067(14)60144-3.

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17

Basu, S., and P. K. Basu. "Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides for Methane Sensors: Role of Noble Metals." Journal of Sensors 2009 (2009): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/861968.

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Methane is an important gas for domestic and industrial applications and its source is mainly coalmines. Since methane is extremely inflammable in the coalmine atmosphere, it is essential to develop a reliable and relatively inexpensive chemical gas sensor to detect this inflammable gas below its explosion amount in air. The metal oxides have been proved to be potential materials for the development of commercial gas sensors. The functional properties of the metal oxide-based gas sensors can be improved not only by tailoring the crystal size of metal oxides but also by incorporating the noble metal catalyst on nanocrystalline metal oxide matrix. It was observed that the surface modification of nanocrystalline metal oxide thin films by noble metal sensitizers and the use of a noble metal catalytic contact as electrode reduce the operating temperatures appreciably and improve the sensing properties. This review article concentrates on the nanocrystalline metal oxide methane sensors and the role of noble metals on the sensing properties.

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18

Zhang, Lei, Sha Xiangling, Zhang Lei, Huibin He, Yusu Wang, Zhenhua Ma, and Yonghui Li. "Study on the Desulfurization Performance of N-Type and P-Type Semiconductor Pyrolysis Char Composite Catalyst." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 20, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2017_1/02.

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Ordos coal pyrolysis product roasted under 750oC was used as desulfurization sorbents to investigate the effect of flue gas desulfurization performance of supported metal catalyst. There were 14 kinds of metal oxides from groups IA, IIA, VIB, VIIB, VIII, IB and IIIB chosen as active components to prepare metal oxide supported catalysts by equivalent volume impregnation method. And the mechanism of pyrolysis was studied. The similarities of desulfurization performance among the same group of metal oxides were related to the structure of their outer electrons. In addtion, the influence of transition metal oxides on the desulfurization performance was related to metal oxide semiconductor type. Finally, the influence of the VIII group oxide catalyst of iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni) on the desulfurization performance showed the characteristics of diversity related to their d percentage (%).

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Castell, M. R., S. L. Dudarev, C. Muggelberg, G. A. D. Briggs, A. P. Sutton, and D. T. Goddard. "Microscopy of Metal Oxide Surfaces." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 680–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760001672x.

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Widespread application of metal oxides in catalysis, gas sensing, and as substrates for thin film growth has stimulated a strong interest in the atomic and electronic surface structure of these materials. The electronic structure of many metal oxide surfaces is characterised, and complicated from the theoretical modelling point of view, by the presence of strong on-site Coulomb repulsion (strong correlations) between valence electrons localised on the metal ions. Additionally, experimental studies have to deal with the difficulties associated with the electrically insulating nature of many of these oxides. We have overcome these problems through the development of novel experimental and theoretical techniques capable of providing structural and electronic information about strongly correlated insulating metal oxide surfaces.The surfaces of NiO and CoO were investigated through elevated temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) thereby overcoming problems of low electrical conductivity of the samples.We show atomically resolved elevated temperature STM images of (001) cobalt and nickel monoxide surfaces obtained under similar conditions which show an order of magnitude difference in the atomic corrugation heights.

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Yu, Yuanting, Yiling Tan, Wen Niu, Shili Zhao, Jiongyue Hao, Yijie Shi, Yingchun Dong, et al. "Advances in Synthesis and Applications of Single-Atom Catalysts for Metal Oxide-Based Gas Sensors." Materials 17, no. 9 (April 24, 2024): 1970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17091970.

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As a stable, low-cost, environment-friendly, and gas-sensitive material, semiconductor metal oxides have been widely used for gas sensing. In the past few years, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have gained increasing attention in the field of gas sensing with the advantages of maximized atomic utilization and unique electronic and chemical properties and have successfully been applied to enhance the detection sensitivity and selectivity of metal oxide gas sensors. However, the application of SACs in gas sensors is still in its infancy. Herein, we critically review the recent advances and current status of single-atom catalysts in metal oxide gas sensors, providing some suggestions for the development of this field. The synthesis methods and characterization techniques of SAC-modified metal oxides are summarized. The interactions between SACs and metal oxides are crucial for the stable loading of single-atom catalysts and for improving gas-sensitive performance. Then, the current application progress of various SACs (Au, Pt, Cu, Ni, etc.) in metal oxide gas sensors is introduced. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of SACs in metal oxide gas sensors are presented.

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Moonngam, Suphitcha, Pranpreeya Wangjina, Ekkarut Viyanit, and Chaiyasit Banjongprasert. "Characterizing Oxide Inclusions in Welded Lean Duplex Stainless Steels and Their Influence on Impact Toughness." Materials 16, no. 5 (February 25, 2023): 1921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051921.

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In newly developed 2101 lean duplex stainless steel, oxide inclusions have been detected on welded metal zones after subjecting them to flux-cored arc welding with an E2209T1-1 flux-cored filler metal. These oxide inclusions directly affect mechanical properties of the welded metal. Hence, a correlation requiring validation has been proposed between oxide inclusions and mechanical impact toughness. Accordingly, this study employed scanning electron and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to assess the correlation between oxide inclusions and mechanical impact toughness. Investigations revealed that the spherical oxide inclusions comprised a mixture of oxides in the ferrite matrix phase and were close to intragranular austenite. The oxide inclusions observed were titanium- and silicon-rich oxides with amorphous structures, MnO with a cubic structure, and TiO2 with an orthorhombic/tetragonal structure, derived from the deoxidation of the filler metal/consumable electrodes. We also observed that the type of oxide inclusions had no strong effect on absorbed energy and no crack initiation occurred near them.

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Archanjo, Bráulio S., Pablo F. Siles, Camilla K. B. Q. M. Oliveira, Daniel L. Baptista, and Bernardo R. A. Neves. "Characterization of Metal Oxide-Based Gas Nanosensors and Microsensors Fabricated via Local Anodic Oxidation Using Atomic Force Microscopy." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/898565.

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This work reports on nanoscale and microscale metal oxide gas sensors, consisting of metal-semiconductor-metal barriers designed via scanning probe microscopy. Two distinct metal oxides, molybdenum and titanium oxides, were tested at different temperatures using CO2and H2as test gases. Sensitivities down to ppm levels are demonstrated, and the influence of dry and humid working atmospheres on these metal oxide conductivities was studied. Furthermore, the activation energy was evaluated and analyzed within working sensor temperature range. Finally, full morphological, chemical, and structural analyses of the oxides composites are provided allowing their identification as MoO3and Ti.

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Zhang, Yuzhe, Bin Wang, Qian Cheng, Xinling Li, and Zhongyu Li. "Removal of Toxic Heavy Metal Ions (Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, Hg, and Cd) from Waste Batteries or Lithium Cells Using Nanosized Metal Oxides: A Review." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 7231–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18748.

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How to remove harmful heavy metal ions from waste batteries or lithium cells efficiently has been the focus of scholars. More and more metal oxides had been used to deal with the pollution of heavy metal caused by waste batteries in recent years. Nanostructured metal oxides have great potential because of their large comparative areas. The adsorption for these heavy metal ions can be further improved by using modified metal oxides as adsorbents. At present, iron oxide is widely used in this field. Other metal oxides have also been studied in removing these heavy metal ions. Compared to other metal oxides, the adsorbents made of iron oxide are easy to be separated from the reaction system. pH value in the solution can affect the activity of adsorption sites on metal oxides adsorbents and change the distribution of ions in solution. As a result, pH value can significantly influence the adsorption of metal oxides adsorbents for heavy metal ions from waste batteries or lithium cells.

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Sun, Qiang, Zhong Wang, Da Wang, Zhe Hong, Mingdong Zhou, and Xuebing Li. "A review on the catalytic decomposition of NO to N2 and O2: catalysts and processes." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 18 (2018): 4563–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cy01114a.

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Recent advances in the catalytic decomposition of NO have been overviewed and divided into three categories: metal oxide catalysts (including perovskites and rare earth oxides), supported metal oxide catalysts (including alkali metals, cobalt oxide and noble metals) and Cu-ZSM-5.

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Lee, Goeun, Sang Eon Jun, Yujin Kim, In-Hyeok Park, Ho Won Jang, Sun Hwa Park, and Ki Chang Kwon. "Multicomponent Metal Oxide- and Metal Hydroxide-Based Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Water Splitting." Materials 16, no. 8 (April 21, 2023): 3280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16083280.

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Developing cost-effective, highly catalytic active, and stable electrocatalysts in alkaline electrolytes is important for the development of highly efficient anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE). To this end, metal oxides/hydroxides have attracted wide research interest for efficient electrocatalysts in water splitting owing to their abundance and tunable electronic properties. It is very challenging to achieve an efficient overall catalytic performance based on single metal oxide/hydroxide-based electrocatalysts due to low charge mobilities and limited stability. This review is mainly focused on the advanced strategies to synthesize the multicomponent metal oxide/hydroxide-based materials that include nanostructure engineering, heterointerface engineering, single-atom catalysts, and chemical modification. The state of the art of metal oxide/hydroxide-based heterostructures with various architectures is extensively discussed. Finally, this review provides the fundamental challenges and perspectives regarding the potential future direction of multicomponent metal oxide/hydroxide-based electrocatalysts.

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Yadav, S., N. Rani, and K. Saini. "A review on transition metal oxides based nanocomposites, their synthesis techniques, different morphologies and potential applications." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1225, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1225/1/012004.

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Abstract In the field of nanotechnology and nanoscience, transition metal oxides based nanocomposites (TMONCs) are promising for various application uses such as Supercapacitors, Sensors, Bactericidal properties, Photocatalytic Degradation, Solar Cells etc. Modification of transition metal oxide nanoparticles (TMONPs) to TMONCs by doping/mixing of another transition metal and metal oxide, carbon based nanoparticles, conducting polymers etc. to achieve enhanced surface area, increasing surface activities or number of active surface sites, reducing electron-hole recombination, increasing charge transfer processes etc. have been reported in literature. These improved properties are the possible reason for the enhancement in its practical applications efficiencies. This review summarizes recent development on transition metal oxides based nanocomposites for different potential applications. Also synthesis methods of transition metal oxide based nanocomposites have obtained an increasing attractions to achieve cost effectiveness and environment friendly routes of synthesis with high rate of production, high yield of product and also less toxic waste production. Transition metal oxides nanocomposites have been fabricated by various methods such as Microwave assisted synthesis technique, Sol-Gel method, Biosynthesis method, Co-precipitation process, Simple Chemical method etc. Different morphologies of transition metal oxides based nanocomposites have been summarized in this review article. Herein, this paper discuss about several reported synthesis techniques, various characterization techniques used for structural and surface properties identifications, different morphologies and various potential applications of transition metal oxide based nanocomposites.

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Zhang, Wei, Jian Zhen Ou, Shi-Yang Tang, Vijay Sivan, David D. Yao, Kay Latham, Khashayar Khoshmanesh, Arnan Mitchell, Anthony P. O'Mullane, and Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh. "Liquid Metal/Metal Oxide Frameworks." Advanced Functional Materials 24, no. 24 (March 10, 2014): 3799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201304064.

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Oprea, Madalina, and Denis Mihaela Panaitescu. "Nanocellulose Hybrids with Metal Oxides Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 4045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184045.

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Cellulose is one of the most affordable, sustainable and renewable resources, and has attracted much attention especially in the form of nanocellulose. Bacterial cellulose, cellulose nanocrystals or nanofibers may serve as a polymer support to enhance the effectiveness of metal nanoparticles. The resultant hybrids are valuable materials for biomedical applications due to the novel optical, electronic, magnetic and antibacterial properties. In the present review, the preparation methods, properties and application of nanocellulose hybrids with different metal oxides nanoparticles such as zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, copper oxide, magnesium oxide or magnetite are thoroughly discussed. Nanocellulose-metal oxides antibacterial formulations are preferred to antibiotics due to the lack of microbial resistance, which is the main cause for the antibiotics failure to cure infections. Metal oxide nanoparticles may be separately synthesized and added to nanocellulose (ex situ processes) or they can be synthesized using nanocellulose as a template (in situ processes). In the latter case, the precursor is trapped inside the nanocellulose network and then reduced to the metal oxide. The influence of the synthesis methods and conditions on the thermal and mechanical properties, along with the bactericidal and cytotoxicity responses of nanocellulose-metal oxides hybrids were mainly analyzed in this review. The current status of research in the field and future perspectives were also signaled.

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Tasker, Philip W. "Modelling oxide–oxide and oxide–metal interfaces." J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 86, no. 8 (1990): 1311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ft9908601311.

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Patra, Shanti Gopal, and Dan Meyerstein. "On the Mechanism of Heterogeneous Water Oxidation Catalysis: A Theoretical Perspective." Inorganics 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2022): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10110182.

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Earth abundant transition metal oxides are low-cost promising catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Many transition metal oxides have shown higher OER activity than the noble metal oxides (RuO2 and IrO2). Many experimental and theoretical studies have been performed to understand the mechanism of OER. In this review article we have considered four earth abundant transition metal oxides, namely, titanium oxide (TiO2), manganese oxide/hydroxide (MnOx/MnOOH), cobalt oxide/hydroxide (CoOx/CoOOH), and nickel oxide/hydroxide (NiOx/NiOOH). The OER mechanism on three polymorphs of TiO2: TiO2 rutile (110), anatase (101), and brookite (210) are summarized. It is discussed that the surface peroxo O* intermediates formation required a smaller activation barrier compared to the dangling O* intermediates. Manganese-based oxide material CaMn4O5 is the active site of photosystem II where OER takes place in nature. The commonly known polymorphs of MnO2; α- (tetragonal), β- (tetragonal), and δ-(triclinic) are discussed for their OER activity. The electrochemical activity of electrochemically synthesized induced layer δ-MnO2 (EI-δ-MnO2) materials is discussed in comparison to precious metal oxides (Ir/RuOx). Hydrothermally synthesized α-MnO2 shows higher activity than δ-MnO2. The OER activity of different bulk oxide phases: (a) Mn3O4(001), (b) Mn2O3(110), and (c) MnO2(110) are comparatively discussed. Different crystalline phases of CoOOH and NiOOH are discussed considering different surfaces for the catalytic activity. In some cases, the effects of doping with other metals (e.g., doping of Fe to NiOOH) are discussed.

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Govardhan, K., and A. Nirmala Grace. "Metal/Metal Oxide Doped Semiconductor Based Metal Oxide Gas Sensors—A Review." Sensor Letters 14, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2016.3710.

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Pucci, Andrea, and Nicola Pinna. "Review. Non-aqueous Sol-Gel Routes to Metal Oxide Nanocrystals under Solvothermal Conditions: Review and Case Study on Doped Group IV Metal Oxides." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 65, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 1015–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2010-0807.

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Over the last decade, the number of publications concerning the non-aqueous sol-gel synthesis of metal oxide nanostructures has rapidly increased, as this method affords an immense variety of sizes and shapes of the products. This review highlights the versatility of non-aqueous sol-gel routes, under solvothermal conditions, to metal oxide and hybrid materials. In particular, the easier control over the reaction kinetics, compared to aqueous methods, allows to better match the reactivity between metal oxide precursors. This permits to produce complex multimetal and doped oxides at low temperature, as it is discussed in detail for the case of doped group IV metal oxides

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Ros Madi, Nur Alia Farhana, Nurfatehah Wahyuny Che Jusoh, Yuki Nagao, Lian See Tan, and Mariam Firdhaus Mad Nordin. "Utilizing metal oxide/fabric composites for photocatalytic degradation of wastewater." E3S Web of Conferences 516 (2024): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451603004.

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The growing concern over water pollution has increased the search for innovative and sustainable approaches to wastewater treatment. This manuscript offers a concise exploration of the utilization of composite materials comprising metal oxides and fabrics for the purpose of photocatalytic degradation. Metal oxides, including titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and etc possess inherent photocatalytic properties that, when combined with fabric matrices, present a synergistic approach for pollutant removal. The incorporation of metal oxides and fabrics enhances the photocatalytic performance through the improvement of the catalyst properties. This review covers the photocatalytic mechanisms and properties of metal oxide fabric composites as well as the applications of these composites in environmental remediation and wastewater treatment. As a promising avenue for sustainable pollutant mitigation, further research in this field holds the key to unlocking the full potential of metal oxide fabric composites in diverse environmental applications.

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Mirehbar, Keyvan, Jaime Sanchez Sanchez, Julio J. Lado, and Jesus Palma. "Multi-Metal Oxide Catalyst for Electrochemical Oxidation of Organic Pollutants." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 54 (December 22, 2023): 2564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02542564mtgabs.

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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing highly efficient and stable catalysts for the electro-oxidation of water. These catalysts, besides water electrolysis, could be also a good alternative for removing organic pollutants from water by electro-degradation. Among the innovative groups of catalysts that have been investigated for this purpose, multi-metal oxides have been extensively studied for water electrolysis, but rarely for the direct or indirect oxidation of organic pollutants from water.1 Multi-metal oxide catalysts are composed of two or more metal cations that are chemically bonded to oxygen ions. The combination of different metal cations in a single oxide structure can lead to synergistic effects, which can enhance the catalytic activity and stability of the material. Several types of multi-metal oxide catalysts have been investigated for the electro-oxidation of water, including perovskite oxides, spinel oxides, layered double hydroxides, and mixed metal oxides. Perovskite oxides are a popular class of multi-metal oxide catalysts, which exhibit a wide range of interesting properties, including high catalytic activity, ionic and electronic conductivity, and thermal stability. These properties make perovskite oxides attractive materials for applications in various fields, such as environmental remediation.2 Additionally, the properties of perovskite oxides can be fine-tuned by doping or modifying their chemical composition, morphology, and crystal structure leading to the development of new materials with tailored properties. In this work, multi-metal oxide (perovskite) nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method by adjusting the pressure and temperature to obtain multi-metal oxides with controlled crystallinity and morphology. The synthesis was successfully scaled up and electrodes were prepared by impregnating 3D supports with the active materials. The electrocatalytic activity of the prepared electrodes was analyzed by physical and electrochemical characterizations. Moreover, to evaluate the potential application of multi-metal oxide electrodes for organic pollutants removal, phenol was selected as the target pollutant. To complete the research, the effect of different operational conditions (current density, initial pH, initial phenol concentration, and flow rate) on the COD removal of the wastewater in the divided flow cell configuration was investigated. Furthermore, the removal pathway was studied using GC/MS. Acknowledgment: This project has received funding through the HYSOLCHEM project (grant agreement No. 101017928) from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. References: (1) Kim, J. S.; Kim, B.; Kim, H.; Kang, K. Recent Progress on Multimetal Oxide Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8 (11), 1702774. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201702774. (2) Kumar, A.; Kumar, A.; Krishnan, V. Perovskite Oxide Based Materials for Energy and Environment-Oriented Photocatalysis. ACS Catal. 2020, 10 (17), 10253–10315. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c02947.

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Gao, Xiaoyong, Lin Zhang, Xuanhui Qu, Yifeng Luan, and Xiaowei Chen. "Application of levitation melting to the separation of oxide inclusions from nitrides and carbides in Ni-based superalloy." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 2 (2020): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020015.

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Oxides are usually surrounded by nitrides and carbides in superalloys, which contain high Ti and Nb contents. This makes it difficult to precisely characterize oxide size and composition. Separation of oxides from nitrides and carbides in FGH96 superalloy was carried out by levitation melting to accurately characterize oxides. Manual and automated scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy observations as well as X-ray diffraction were used to characterize inclusions. In the billet, nearly all oxides were surrounded by nitrides and carbides. After levitation melting, however, the majority of oxides were separated, agglomerated and floated to the top surface. The separation efficiency of oxides from nitrides is approximately 85.5%. Oxides were determined as MgO-Al2O3 spinel with the size of 1∼10 µm. Finally, in situ confocal laser scanning microscopy clarified the separation mechanism.

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Yang, Shulin, Gui Lei, Huoxi Xu, Zhigao Lan, Zhao Wang, and Haoshuang Gu. "Metal Oxide Based Heterojunctions for Gas Sensors: A Review." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11041026.

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The construction of heterojunctions has been widely applied to improve the gas sensing performance of composites composed of nanostructured metal oxides. This review summarises the recent progress on assembly methods and gas sensing behaviours of sensors based on nanostructured metal oxide heterojunctions. Various methods, including the hydrothermal method, electrospinning and chemical vapour deposition, have been successfully employed to establish metal oxide heterojunctions in the sensing materials. The sensors composed with the built nanostructured heterojunctions were found to show enhanced gas sensing performance with higher sensor responses and shorter response times to the targeted reducing or oxidising gases compare with those of the pure metal oxides. Moreover, the enhanced gas sensing mechanisms of the metal oxide-based heterojunctions to the reducing or oxidising gases are also discussed, with the main emphasis on the important role of the potential barrier on the accumulation layer.

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Wayne Goodman, D. "Surface spectroscopic studies of model supported-metal catalysts." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100138348.

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A new surface science approach to the study of supported-metal catalysts will be described. Thin oxide films (~100 Å) of SiO2, Al2O3, or MgO supported on a refractory metal substrate (e.g., Mo or W) have been prepared by depositing the oxide metal precursor in a background of oxygen (ca. l×l0-5 Torr) [1]. The thin-film catalysts facilitate investigation by an array of surface techniques, many of which are precluded when applied to the corresponding bulk oxide [1,2]. In particular, the oxide films have been characterized by AES, ELS, HREELS, XPS, UPS, ISS, IRAS, and TD spectroscopies and shown to have essentially identical electronic and vibrational properties of the corresponding bulk oxides. These studies indicate then that these films can serve as convenient models for oxide catalysts or metal supports. Metal thin films (e.g., Cu, Pd, Ni) have subsequently been deposited onto the oxide films and the properties of the metal/oxide system then studied with the above array of surface techniques [3]. By properly defining the metal thin film thickness, metal particles of varying sizes can be synthesized with dispersions from a few nanometers to tens of nanometers.

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Ge, Yu Zhen, Chun Hua Han, and Dong Zhang. "Study of PET Depolymerization Catalyzed by Metal Oxide with Different Acidity/Basicity under Microwave Irradiation." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1076–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1076.

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In this paper, the PET depolymerization catalyzed by metal oxides (MgO, CdO, Cu2O,Sb2O3, MnO2, V2O5, SiO2,MoO3) under microwave irradiation were investigated, and the effects of acid-base on PET depolymerization was studied by acid-base scale method. The results indicated that the stronger the acidity or basicity of metal oxide was, the better the effects of catalytic depolymerization of PET appeared. Compared with alkali metal oxide, the catalytic effect of acid metal oxide to PET depolymerization was better.

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Askari, Mohammad Bagher, Seyed Mohammad Rozati, and Antonio Di Bartolomeo. "Fabrication of Mn3O4-CeO2-rGO as Nanocatalyst for Electro-Oxidation of Methanol." Nanomaterials 12, no. 7 (April 2, 2022): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12071187.

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Recently, the use of metal oxides as inexpensive and efficient catalysts has been considered by researchers. In this work, we introduce a new nanocatalyst including a mixed metal oxide, consisting of manganese oxide, cerium oxide, and reduced graphene oxide (Mn3O4-CeO2-rGO) by the hydrothermal method. The synthesized nanocatalyst was evaluated for the methanol oxidation reaction. The synergetic effect of metal oxides on the surface of rGO was investigated. Mn3O4-CeO2-rGO showed an oxidation current density of 17.7 mA/cm2 in overpotential of 0.51 V and 91% stability after 500 consecutive rounds of cyclic voltammetry. According to these results, the synthesized nanocatalyst can be an attractive and efficient option in the methanol oxidation reaction process.

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Abdel Halim, K. S., M. Ramadan, A. Shawabkeh, and A. S. Alghamdi. "Thermal Techniques for the Production of Fe-M Alloys." Applied Mechanics and Materials 826 (February 2016): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.826.105.

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The present manuscript is designed to investigate the possibility of manufacturing iron-metal alloys (Fe-M) via thermal techniques. These techniques are mainly depends on simultaneous reduction-sintering reactions of metal oxides. The reduction of metal oxides is an important property in metallurgical processes. It can be applied to M-Fe-O systems and also is used to develop inter-metallic alloys with specific properties. The produced metallic materials have wide range of applications and are characterized by unique physical and mechanical properties. The composition of the produced alloys is often a key element in optimizing their properties. Iron oxide doped another metal oxide such as nickel oxide is used as starting materials to produce metallic materials containing iron contaminated with nickel metal using thermal techniques. The sintering-reduction reactions of the composite oxide materials are investigated under different operation conditions. The experimental results show that the reduction-sintering thermal techniques are economic and promising routes for the production of different Fe-M alloys. The different factors affecting the rate of reduction such as temperature and ratio of doping materials are investigated. The results obtained are used to demonstrate the kinetics and mechanisms of reduction of metal oxides.

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Hayashi, Yamato, Hirotsugu Takizawa, Yoshitaka Saijo, Tohru Sekino, Katsuaki Suganuma, and Koichi Niihara. "Various Applications of Silver Nano-Particles by Ultrasonic Eco-Fabrication." Materials Science Forum 486-487 (June 2005): 530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.486-487.530.

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Applications of silver nano-sized metal particles were investigated for a new, ecologically friendly and economical liquid-solid (silver oxide-alcohol) system. Silver metal oxides as starting materials have merits in metal particles fabrication because these materials are decomposed only by heating in air. That is, noble metal oxide does not use thestrong reduction atmosphere. This reduction is ecologically clean because many noble metal oxides are not toxic, and because O2 is evolved during decomposition. We reduced silver metal oxides by ultrasound and fabricated silver nano metal nanoparticles at room temperature, and various applications were investigated. By choosing a suitable process and conditions, it is reasonable to expect that ultrasonic eco-fabrications can be extended to obtain various silver nano-particles containing materials.

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Jeon, Yunchae, Donghyun Lee, and Hocheon Yoo. "Recent Advances in Metal-Oxide Thin-Film Transistors: Flexible/Stretchable Devices, Integrated Circuits, Biosensors, and Neuromorphic Applications." Coatings 12, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020204.

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Thin-film transistors using metal oxides have been investigated extensively because of their high transparency, large area, and mass production of metal oxide semiconductors. Compatibility with conventional semiconductor processes, such as photolithography of the metal oxide offers the possibility to develop integrated circuits on a larger scale. In addition, combinations with other materials have enabled the development of sensor applications or neuromorphic devices in recent years. Here, this paper provides a timely overview of metal-oxide-based thin-film transistors focusing on emerging applications, including flexible/stretchable devices, integrated circuits, biosensors, and neuromorphic devices. This overview also revisits recent efforts on metal oxide-based thin-film transistors developed with high compatibility for integration to newly reported applications.

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Caruso, Francesco, Paolo La Torraca, Luca Larcher, Graziella Tallarida, and Sabina Spiga. "The electrons' journey in thick metal oxides." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 1 (July 4, 2022): 012902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0097922.

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Originally introduced in electronic manufacturing to replace the SiO2 insulating layer, metal oxides are now extensively used in a multitude of electronic devices. Understanding charge transport mechanisms in metal oxides is of paramount importance for device optimization; however, a detailed and self-consistent discussion of electron conduction at all applied electric fields is lacking in the literature. In this work, we investigated the conduction mechanisms in three model systems, Al2O3, HfO2, and Al-doped HfO2 metal–insulator–metal capacitors, determining the path that the electrons travel within the metal oxide. Traps properties are extracted from experimental current–voltage characteristics using the Ginestra® simulation software. Furthermore, the analysis allowed to visualize the location of traps most involved in the conduction and the dominant transport mechanisms at each applied electric field. Despite the different oxide properties, a similar trend was recognized at low electric fields, the electron transport through the oxide is negligible, and the dominant contribution to the measured current is ascribed to the charge/discharge of traps located near the metal/oxide interfaces, leading to displacement currents. At high electric fields, the transport of electrons occurs through the defect rich oxides in the two following ways: if a large density of traps is energetically located near the electrodes Fermi level (as in HfO2), the electrons tunnel from trap to trap until they reach the anode; otherwise, when traps are closer to the conduction band (as in Al2O3 and AlHfO), the electrons tunnel from the cathode into one trap and then into the oxide conduction band, interacting only with traps near the cathode.

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Malinenko, V. P., L. A. Aleshina, A. L. Pergament, and G. V. Germak. "Switching Effects and Metal−Insulator Transition in Manganese Oxide." Journal on Selected Topics in Nano Electronics and Computing 1, no. 1 (December 2013): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j8.art.2013.3005.

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Batakliev Todor, Todor, Vladimir Georgiev, Metodi Anachkov, Slavcho Rakovsky, and Gennadiy Zaikov. "Ozone Decomposition on the Surface of Metal Oxide Catalyst." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 10. Innovatcionnaia deiatel’nost’, no. 6 (December 15, 2014): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu10.2014.6.4.

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Einzinger, R. "Metal Oxide Varistors." Annual Review of Materials Science 17, no. 1 (August 1987): 299–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.17.080187.001503.

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Ramesh, R., and V. G. Keramidas. "Metal-Oxide Heterostructures." Annual Review of Materials Science 25, no. 1 (August 1995): 647–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.25.080195.003243.

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Szuromi, Phil. "Metal-oxide synergy." Science 355, no. 6331 (March 23, 2017): 1277.4–1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.355.6331.1277-d.

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Wong, H. S. Philip, Heng-Yuan Lee, Shimeng Yu, Yu-Sheng Chen, Yi Wu, Pang-Shiu Chen, Byoungil Lee, Frederick T. Chen, and Ming-Jinn Tsai. "Metal–Oxide RRAM." Proceedings of the IEEE 100, no. 6 (June 2012): 1951–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2012.2190369.

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Meixner, H., and U. Lampe. "Metal oxide sensors." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 33, no. 1-3 (July 1996): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(96)80098-0.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Metal oxide'

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