Journal articles on the topic 'Metal ions – Metabolic detoxification'
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Chasapis, Christos T., Massimiliano Peana, and Vlasoula Bekiari. "Structural Identification of Metalloproteomes in Marine Diatoms, an Efficient Algae Model in Toxic Metals Bioremediation." Molecules 27, no. 2 (January 7, 2022): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020378.
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The biosorption of pollutants using microbial organisms has received growing interest in the last decades. Diatoms, the most dominant group of phytoplankton in oceans, are (i) pollution tolerant species, (ii) excellent biological indicators of water quality, and (iii) efficient models in assimilation and detoxification of toxic metal ions. Published research articles connecting proteomics with the capacity of diatoms for toxic metal removal are very limited. In this work, we employed a structural based systematic approach to predict and analyze the metalloproteome of six species of marine diatoms: Thalassiosira pseudonana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Fragilariopsis cylindrus, Thalassiosira oceanica, Fistulifera solaris, and Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata. The results indicate that the metalloproteome constitutes a significant proportion (~13%) of the total diatom proteome for all species investigated, and the proteins binding non-essential metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, As, and Ba) are significantly more than those identified for essential metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, Co, and Ni). These findings are most likely related to the well-known toxic metal tolerance of diatoms. In this study, metalloproteomes that may be involved in metabolic processes and in the mechanisms of bioaccumulation and detoxification of toxic metals of diatoms after exposure to toxic metals were identified and described.
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Emamverdian, Abolghassem, Yulong Ding, Farzad Mokhberdoran, and Yinfeng Xie. "Heavy Metal Stress and Some Mechanisms of Plant Defense Response." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/756120.
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Unprecedented bioaccumulation and biomagnification of heavy metals (HMs) in the environment have become a dilemma for all living organisms including plants. HMs at toxic levels have the capability to interact with several vital cellular biomolecules such as nuclear proteins and DNA, leading to excessive augmentation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This would inflict serious morphological, metabolic, and physiological anomalies in plants ranging from chlorosis of shoot to lipid peroxidation and protein degradation. In response, plants are equipped with a repertoire of mechanisms to counteract heavy metal (HM) toxicity. The key elements of these are chelating metals by forming phytochelatins (PCs) or metallothioneins (MTs) metal complex at the intra- and intercellular level, which is followed by the removal of HM ions from sensitive sites or vacuolar sequestration of ligand-metal complex. Nonenzymatically synthesized compounds such as proline (Pro) are able to strengthen metal-detoxification capacity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes. Another important additive component of plant defense system is symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. AM can effectively immobilize HMs and reduce their uptake by host plants via binding metal ions to hyphal cell wall and excreting several extracellular biomolecules. Additionally, AM fungi can enhance activities of antioxidant defense machinery of plants.
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Kato, Yugo, and Michio Suzuki. "Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles by Microorganisms." Crystals 10, no. 7 (July 8, 2020): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10070589.
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Metal nanoparticles (NPs), with sizes ranging from 1–100 nm, are of great scientific interest because their functions and features differ greatly from those of bulk metal. Chemical or physical methods are used to synthesize commercial quantities of NPs, and green, energy-efficient approaches generating byproducts of low toxicity are desirable to minimize the environmental impact of the industrial methods. Some microorganisms synthesize metal NPs for detoxification and metabolic reasons at room temperature and pressure in aqueous solution. Metal NPs have been prepared via green methods by incubating microorganisms or cell-free extracts of microorganisms with dissolved metal ions for hours or days. Metal NPs are analyzed using various techniques, such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Numerous publications have focused on microorganisms that synthesize various metal NPs. For example, Ag, Au, CdS, CdSe, Cu, CuO, Gd2O3, Fe3O4, PbS, Pd, Sb2O3, TiO2, and ZrO2 NPs have been reported. Herein, we review the synthesis of metal NPs by microorganisms. Although the molecular mechanisms of their synthesis have been investigated to some extent, experimental evidence for the mechanisms is limited. Understanding the mechanisms is crucial for industrial-scale development of microorganism-synthesized metal NPs.
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Kar, Saradia, Raj Kishan Agrahari, and Sanjib Kumar Panda. "Metal ion toxicity and tolerance mechanisms in plants growing in acidic soil." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 18, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v18i1.51254.
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<span>The abiotic factors have a wide effect on the growth of plants along with the cultivation of staple crops. The concentration of both essential and non-essential elements is impacted by number of biogeochemical factors. The low pH (≤5.0) of the soil is one such factor which poses variation in the levels of metal ions and mostly it leads to metal toxicity. The excess concentrations of the elements in the soil affects the growth, yield and the metabolic activities of the plants making them susceptible. However, some of the genotypes adapt themselves to metal toxicity condition by regulating their homeostatic genes leading to develop different strategies to undergo detoxification method. In the present review we discuss about the toxicity of Al, Fe and As which is a non-essential metal, an essential metal and an unwanted heavy metal. In a broad picture, to escape the toxic effects, plants have the strategy to exclude the excess metal outside the plant or include it in its storage cells. The insight of the present review aims at understanding these strategies in details which can be put into agricultural applications for developing better crops.</span>
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Forcella, Matilde, Pierre Lau, Marco Fabbri, Paola Fusi, Monica Oldani, Pasquale Melchioretto, Laura Gribaldo, and Chiara Urani. "Is Cadmium Toxicity Tissue-Specific? Toxicogenomics Studies Reveal Common and Specific Pathways in Pulmonary, Hepatic, and Neuronal Cell Models." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031768.
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Several harmful modifications in different tissues-organs, leading to relevant diseases (e.g., liver and lung diseases, neurodegeneration) are reported after exposure to cadmium (Cd), a wide environmental contaminant. This arises the question whether any common molecular signatures and/or Cd-induced modifications might represent the building block in initiating or contributing to address the cells towards different pathological conditions. To unravel possible mechanisms of Cd tissue-specificity, we have analyzed transcriptomics data from cell models representative of three major Cd targets: pulmonary (A549), hepatic (HepG2), and neuronal (SH-SY-5Y) cells. Further, we compared common features to identify any non-specific molecular signatures. The functional analysis of dysregulated genes (gene ontology and KEGG) shows GO terms related to metabolic processes significantly enriched only in HepG2 cells. GO terms in common in the three cell models are related to metal ions stress response and detoxification processes. Results from KEGG analysis show that only one specific pathway is dysregulated in a significant way in all cell models: the mineral absorption pathway. Our data clearly indicate how the molecular mimicry of Cd and its ability to cause a general metal ions dyshomeostasis represent the initial common feature leading to different molecular signatures and alterations, possibly responsible for different pathological conditions.
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De Simone, Giovanna, Alessandra di Masi, and Paolo Ascenzi. "Serum Albumin: A Multifaced Enzyme." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 10086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221810086.
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Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma, contributing actively to oncotic pressure maintenance and fluid distribution between body compartments. HSA acts as the main carrier of fatty acids, recognizes metal ions, affects pharmacokinetics of many drugs, provides the metabolic modification of some ligands, renders potential toxins harmless, accounts for most of the anti-oxidant capacity of human plasma, and displays esterase, enolase, glucuronidase, and peroxidase (pseudo)-enzymatic activities. HSA-based catalysis is physiologically relevant, affecting the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds including proteins, lipids, cholesterol, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and drugs. Catalytic properties of HSA are modulated by allosteric effectors, competitive inhibitors, chemical modifications, pathological conditions, and aging. HSA displays anti-oxidant properties and is critical for plasma detoxification from toxic agents and for pro-drugs activation. The enzymatic properties of HSA can be also exploited by chemical industries as a scaffold to produce libraries of catalysts with improved proficiency and stereoselectivity for water decontamination from poisonous agents and environmental contaminants, in the so called “green chemistry” field. Here, an overview of the intrinsic and metal dependent (pseudo-)enzymatic properties of HSA is reported to highlight the roles played by this multifaced protein.
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Pontel, Lucas B., Nadia L. Scampoli, Steffen Porwollik, Susana K. Checa, Michael McClelland, and Fernando C. Soncini. "Identification of a Salmonella ancillary copper detoxification mechanism by a comparative analysis of the genome-wide transcriptional response to copper and zinc excess." Microbiology 160, no. 8 (August 1, 2014): 1659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.080473-0.
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Copper and zinc are essential metal ions, but toxic in excess. Bacteria have evolved different strategies to control their intracellular concentrations, ensuring proper supply while avoiding toxicity, including the induction of metal-specific as well as non-specific mechanisms. We compared the transcriptional profiles of Salmonella Typhimurium after exposure to either copper or zinc ions in both rich and minimal media. Besides metal-specific regulatory networks many global stress-response pathways react to an excess of either of these metal ions. Copper excess affects both zinc and iron homeostasis by inducing transcription of these metal-specific regulons. In addition to the control of zinc-specific regulons, zinc excess affects the Cpx regulon and the σE envelope-stress responses. Finally, novel metal-specific upregulated genes were detected including a new copper-detoxification pathway that involves the siderophore enterobactin and the outer-membrane protein TolC. This work sheds light onto the transcriptional landscape of Salmonella after copper or zinc overload, and discloses a new mechanism of copper detoxification.
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Karmakar, Avishek, Biplab Joarder, Abhik Mallick, Partha Samanta, Aamod V. Desai, Sudipta Basu, and Sujit K. Ghosh. "Aqueous phase sensing of cyanide ions using a hydrolytically stable metal–organic framework." Chemical Communications 53, no. 7 (2017): 1253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc08557a.
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A fluorescent bio-compatible anionic metal–organic framework (MOF) for pure aqueous phase recognition and detoxification of cyanide ions (CN−) has been reported. The MOF acts as a molecular reaction vessel exclusively for cyanide ions, inducing a signal turn on response in aqueous media.
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Zhang, Lingfan, Wei Xia, Xin Liu, and Wenqing Zhang. "Synthesis of titanium cross-linked chitosan composite for efficient adsorption and detoxification of hexavalent chromium from water." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 1 (2015): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta05194g.
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For the simultaneous adsorption and detoxification of hexavalent chromium from water, a new titanium–chitosan (Ti–CTS) composite was synthesized through a metal-binding reaction between titanium ions and the chitosan biopolymer followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde.
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Olawale, Salaudeen Abdulwasiu, Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet, Didilia Ileana Mendoza-Castillo, Chibueze Charles Okafor, Lotfi Sellaoui, and Michael Badawi. "Thermodynamics and Mechanism of the Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions on Keratin Biomasses for Wastewater Detoxification." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (March 19, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7384924.
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The analysis of thermodynamics and mechanism of the adsorption of cadmium, chromium, copper, and lead ions from aqueous solution with two keratin-based biomaterials, namely, human hair and sheep fur, is reported in this paper. The effect of initial ion concentration, temperature, pH, contact time, and biomaterial amount on the removal of these heavy metal ions using these keratinous adsorbents was studied. The adsorption of heavy metal ions was highly dependent on the operating parameters where pH and temperature showed the highest impact. Maximum adsorption capacities of these biomaterials were up to 1.33 and 1.40 mmol/g for chromium ions using human hair and sheep fur, respectively. Adsorption kinetic rates of tested heavy metal ions were calculated via a pseudo-second-order model, and they ranged from 0.054 to 0.261 g/mmol·min. A detailed thermodynamic analysis of lead ion adsorption was performed showing an endothermic removal of this adsorbate with both human hair and sheep fur with adsorption enthalpies of 84.5 and 97.1 kJ/mol, respectively. Statistical physics calculations demonstrated that this heavy metal ion was adsorbed via a multi-interaction mechanism especially for human hair. These keratinous biomaterials showed competitive adsorption capacities especially for chromium ion removal and can outperform commercial activated carbons and other adsorbents reported in literature.
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Chen, Yu, Feiran Li, Jiwei Mao, Yun Chen, and Jens Nielsen. "Yeast optimizes metal utilization based on metabolic network and enzyme kinetics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 12 (March 15, 2021): e2020154118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020154118.
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Metal ions are vital to metabolism, as they can act as cofactors on enzymes and thus modulate individual enzymatic reactions. Although many enzymes have been reported to interact with metal ions, the quantitative relationships between metal ions and metabolism are lacking. Here, we reconstructed a genome-scale metabolic model of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to account for proteome constraints and enzyme cofactors such as metal ions, named CofactorYeast. The model is able to estimate abundances of metal ions binding on enzymes in cells under various conditions, which are comparable to measured metal ion contents in biomass. In addition, the model predicts distinct metabolic flux distributions in response to reduced levels of various metal ions in the medium. Specifically, the model reproduces changes upon iron deficiency in metabolic and gene expression levels, which could be interpreted by optimization principles (i.e., yeast optimizes iron utilization based on metabolic network and enzyme kinetics rather than preferentially targeting iron to specific enzymes or pathways). At last, we show the potential of using the model for understanding cell factories that harbor heterologous iron-containing enzymes to synthesize high-value compounds such as p-coumaric acid. Overall, the model demonstrates the dependence of enzymes on metal ions and links metal ions to metabolism on a genome scale.
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Pan, Huijuan, Thangavel Lakshmipriya, Subash C. B. Gopinath, and Periasamy Anbu. "High-Affinity Detection of Metal-Mediated Nephrotoxicity by Aptamer Nanomaterial Complementation." Current Nanoscience 15, no. 6 (October 11, 2019): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413715666190115155917.
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: Nephrotoxicity, a chronic renal disease that results from the accumulation of endogenous and exogenous toxins in the kidney, disturbs the excretion and detoxification function of the kidney. Metal-mediated nephrotoxicity is induced by toxic metals/metalloids such as mercury, lead, arsenic, chromate, uranium, and cadmium. These materials become concentrated in the kidneys and injure the nephrons. Developing strategies to detect these metal ions will enable the earlier identification of kidney damage. An aptamer, an artificial antibody generated against a wide range of targets including metal ions, may be the right tool for the detection of metal ions associated with renal injury. The use of a detection system consisting of an aptamer and metallic nanoparticles is a potential way to overcome nephrotoxicity. Here, we discuss the detection of metal-mediated nephrotoxicity caused by metals/metalloids using the aptamer and nanomaterial-conjugated system.
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Puopolo, Rosanna, Giovanni Gallo, Angela Mormone, Danila Limauro, Patrizia Contursi, Monica Piochi, Simonetta Bartolucci, and Gabriella Fiorentino. "Identification of a New Heavy-Metal-Resistant Strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus Isolated from a Hydrothermally Active Volcanic Area in Southern Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 14, 2020): 2678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082678.
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Microorganisms thriving in hot springs and hydrothermally active volcanic areas are dynamically involved in heavy-metal biogeochemical cycles; they have developed peculiar resistance systems to cope with such metals which nowadays can be considered among the most permanent and toxic pollutants for humans and the environment. For this reason, their exploitation is functional to unravel mechanisms of toxic-metal detoxification and to address bioremediation of heavy-metal pollution with eco-sustainable approaches. In this work, we isolated a novel strain of the thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus from the solfataric mud pool in Pisciarelli, a well-known hydrothermally active zone of the Campi Flegrei volcano located near Naples in Italy, and characterized it by ribotyping, 16S rRNA sequencing and mass spectrometry analyses. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) toward several heavy-metal ions indicated that the novel G. stearothermophilus isolate is particularly resistant to some of them. Functional and morphological analyses suggest that it is endowed with metal resistance systems for arsenic and cadmium detoxification.
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Shooto, Ntaote David, and Eliazer Bobby Naidoo. "Detoxification of Wastewater by Paw–Paw (Carica papaya L.) Seeds Adsorbents." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 10 (August 30, 2019): 2249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22051.
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The present work reports the biosorption studies of metal ions viz., Pb(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution onto paw-paw seeds (PPS), acid treated paw-paw seeds (ATPPS) and base treated paw-paw seeds (BTPPS) adsorbents by batch method. A series of tests were carried to evaluate the effect of the system parameters, i.e. adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, temperature and contact time. The obtained kinetic data showed that the pseudo first order model best fitted the biosorption of both metal ions with (r2) values of 0.9918, 0.9674 and 0.9463 for Cu(II) onto PPS, ATPPS and BTPPS, respectively and for Pb(II) 0.8513, 0.8686 and 0.9434 onto PPS, ATPPS and BTPPS respectively. Estimated surface adsorption of intra-particle diffusion estimated that surface sorption dominated. Thermodynamic parameter (ΔGo) gave negative values indicating that the biosoption processes were spontaneous and feasible. ΔHo gave positive and negative values indicating that some biosorption processes were endothermic and some exothermic. Isotherm data indicated that Langmuir best described the biosorption. The reusability of PPS, ATPPS and BTPPS adsorbents was evaluated up to five cycles without showing significant drop in sorption efficiency.
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Alotaibi, Badriyah Shadid, Maryam Khan, and Saba Shamim. "Unraveling the Underlying Heavy Metal Detoxification Mechanisms of Bacillus Species." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 1628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081628.
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The rise of anthropogenic activities has resulted in the increasing release of various contaminants into the environment, jeopardizing fragile ecosystems in the process. Heavy metals are one of the major pollutants that contribute to the escalating problem of environmental pollution, being primarily introduced in sensitive ecological habitats through industrial effluents, wastewater, as well as sewage of various industries. Where heavy metals like zinc, copper, manganese, and nickel serve key roles in regulating different biological processes in living systems, many heavy metals can be toxic even at low concentrations, such as mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead, and can accumulate in intricate food chains resulting in health concerns. Over the years, many physical and chemical methods of heavy metal removal have essentially been investigated, but their disadvantages like the generation of chemical waste, complex downstream processing, and the uneconomical cost of both methods, have rendered them inefficient,. Since then, microbial bioremediation, particularly the use of bacteria, has gained attention due to the feasibility and efficiency of using them in removing heavy metals from contaminated environments. Bacteria have several methods of processing heavy metals through general resistance mechanisms, biosorption, adsorption, and efflux mechanisms. Bacillus spp. are model Gram-positive bacteria that have been studied extensively for their biosorption abilities and molecular mechanisms that enable their survival as well as their ability to remove and detoxify heavy metals. This review aims to highlight the molecular methods of Bacillus spp. in removing various heavy metals ions from contaminated environments.
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Molina, Lázaro, and Ana Segura. "Biochemical and Metabolic Plant Responses toward Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals Present in Atmospheric Pollution." Plants 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 2305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112305.
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Heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic components of atmospheric particles. These pollutants induce a wide variety of responses in plants, leading to tolerance or toxicity. Their effects on plants depend on many different environmental conditions, not only the type and concentration of contaminant, temperature or soil pH, but also on the physiological or genetic status of the plant. The main detoxification process in plants is the accumulation of the contaminant in vacuoles or cell walls. PAHs are normally transformed by enzymatic plant machinery prior to conjugation and immobilization; heavy metals are frequently chelated by some molecules, with glutathione, phytochelatins and metallothioneins being the main players in heavy metal detoxification. Besides these detoxification mechanisms, the presence of contaminants leads to the production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the dynamic of ROS production and detoxification renders different outcomes in different scenarios, from cellular death to the induction of stress resistances. ROS responses have been extensively studied; the complexity of the ROS response and the subsequent cascade of effects on phytohormones and metabolic changes, which depend on local concentrations in different organelles and on the lifetime of each ROS species, allow the plant to modulate its responses to different environmental clues. Basic knowledge of plant responses toward pollutants is key to improving phytoremediation technologies.
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Liu, Xinping, Wei Deng, and Yang Yang. "Characterization of a Novel Laccase LAC-Yang1 from White-Rot Fungus Pleurotus ostreatus Strain Yang1 with a Strong Ability to Degrade and Detoxify Chlorophenols." Molecules 26, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020473.
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In this study, a laccase LAC-Yang1 was successfully purified from a white-rot fungus strain Pleurotus ostreatus strain yang1 with high laccase activity. The enzymatic properties of LAC-Yang1 and its ability to degrade and detoxify chlorophenols such as 2,6-dichlorophenol and 2,3,6-trichlorophenol were systematically studied. LAC-Yang1 showed a strong tolerance to extremely acidic conditions and strong stability under strong alkaline conditions (pH 9–12). LAC-Yang1 also exhibited a strong tolerance to different inhibitors (EDTA, SDS), metal ions (Mn2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Zn2+, Al3+, Co2+, and metal ion mixtures), and organic solvents (glycerol, propylene glycol). LAC-Yang1 showed good stability in the presence of Mg2+, Mn2+, glycerol, and ethylene glycol. Our results reveal the strong degradation ability of this laccase for high concentrations of chlorophenols (especially 2,6-dichlorophenol) and chlorophenol mixtures (2,6-dichlorophenol + 2,3,6-trichlorophenol). LAC-Yang1 displayed a strong tolerance toward a variety of metal ions (Na2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, K+ and metal ion mixtures) and organic solvents (glycerol, ethylene glycol) in its degradation of 2,6-dichlorophenol and 2,3,6-trichlorophenol. The phytotoxicity of 2,6-dichlorophenol treated by LAC-Yang1 was significantly reduced or eliminated. LAC-Yang1 demonstrated a good detoxification effect on 2,6-dichlorophenol while degrading this compound. In conclusion, LAC-Yang1 purified from Pleurotus ostreatus has great application value and potential in environmental biotechnology, especially the efficient degradation and detoxification of chlorophenols.
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Satofuka, Hiroyuki, Satoshi Amano, Haruyuki Atomi, Masahiro Takagi, Kazumasa Hirata, Kazuhisa Miyamoto, and Tadayuki Imanaka. "Rapid method for detection and detoxification of heavy metal ions in water environments using phytochelation." Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 88, no. 3 (January 1999): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1389-1723(00)80011-0.
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Peter, S., and M. S. Selvakumar. "Synthesis and Characterization of Phthalic Acid Complexes with Biologically Active Metal Ions." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 1, no. 2 (June 19, 2003): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.2.2.
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Animal and plants contain carboxylic acids, which are involved in their metabolic reactions. It is also well known that metal ions are involved in their metabolic reactions. So far the complexation of carboxylate ions with metal ions has been extensively studied. Since neutral or acidic medium is existing in most of the biological reactions in animals and plants it is interesting to study the complexation of organic carboxylic acids in neutral medium with biologically active metal ions such as manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc. Complexes of phthalic acid were prepared in neutral medium and were characterized. In such complexes the carboxylic acid group is not ionised and carbonyloxygen of the carboxylic acids are coordinated to the metal ions. However the microbial study is not the scope of this work.
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Selvakumar, M. S., and S. R. Bheeter. "Synthesis and Characterization of Benzoic Acid Complexes with Biologically Active Metal Ions." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 4, no. 1 (August 17, 2005): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.6.15.
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Animal and plants contain carboxylic acids, which are involved in their metabolic reactions. It is also well known that metal ions are involved in their metabolic reactions. So far the complexation of carboxylate ions with metal ions has been extensively studied. Since neutral or acidic medium is existing in most of the biological reactions in animals and plants it is interested to study the complexation of organic carboxylic acids in neutral medium with biologically active metal ions such as manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc. Complexes of benzoic acid were prepared in neutral medium and were characterised. In such complexes the carboxylic acid group is not ionised and carbonyl oxygen of the carboxylic acids are coordinated to the metal ions. However the microbial study is not the scope of this work.
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Zheng, Xian, Wenyu Cheng, Chendong Ji, Jin Zhang, and Meizhen Yin. "Detection of metal ions in biological systems: A review." Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revac-2020-0118.
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Abstract Metal ions are widely present in biological systems and participate in many critical biochemical processes such as material transportation, energy conversion, information transmission and metabolic regulation, making them indispensable substance in our body. They can cause health problems when deficiency or excess occurs. To understand various metabolic processes and facilitate diseases diagnosis, it is very important to measure the content and monitor the distribution of metal ions in individual cells, tissues and whole organisms. Among the various methods for metal ion detection, fluorescent sensors with organic dyes have attracted tremendous attention due to many advantages such as high fluorescence quantum yield, facile modification approaches and biocompatibility in addition to operation ease, high sensitivity, fast detection speed, and real-time detection. This review summarizes the recent progress on the detection and imaging of the metal ions in biological systems including Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+/Fe3+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ provides an opinion on remaining challenges to be addressed in this field.
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Raab, Andrea, and Jörg Feldmann. "Microbial Transformation of Metals and Metalloids." Science Progress 86, no. 3 (August 2003): 179–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/003685003783238671.
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Throughout evolution, microbes have developed the ability to live in nearly every environmental condition on earth. They can grow with or without oxygen or light. Microbes can dissolve or precipitate ores and are able to yield energy from the reduction/oxidation of metal ions. Their metabolism depends on the availability of metal ions in essential amounts and protects itself from toxic amounts of metals by detoxification processes. Metals are metabolised to metallorgano-compounds, bound to proteins or used as catalytic centres of enzymes in biological reactions. Microbes, as every other cell, have developed a whole range of mechanisms for the uptake and excretion of metals and their metabolised compounds. The diversity of microbial metabolism can be illustrated by the fact that certain microbes can be found living on arsenate, which is considered a highly toxic metal for most other forms of live.
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Alvarez, Sergio, and Carlos A. Jerez. "Copper Ions Stimulate Polyphosphate Degradation and Phosphate Efflux in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 9 (September 2004): 5177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.9.5177-5182.2004.
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ABSTRACT For some bacteria and algae, it has been proposed that inorganic polyphosphates and transport of metal-phosphate complexes could participate in heavy metal tolerance. To test for this possibility in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, a microorganism with a high level of resistance to heavy metals, the polyphosphate levels were determined when the bacterium was grown in or shifted to the presence of a high copper concentration (100 mM). Under these conditions, cells showed a rapid decrease in polyphosphate levels with a concomitant increase in exopolyphosphatase activity and a stimulation of phosphate efflux. Copper in the range of 1 to 2 μM greatly stimulated exopolyphosphatase activity in cell extracts from A. ferrooxidans. The same was seen to a lesser extent with cadmium and zinc. Bioinformatic analysis of the available A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 genomic sequence did not show a putative pit gene for phosphate efflux but rather an open reading frame similar in primary and secondary structure to that of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphate transporter that is functional at acidic pH (Pho84). Our results support a model for metal detoxification in which heavy metals stimulate polyphosphate hydrolysis and the metal-phosphate complexes formed are transported out of the cell as part of a possibly functional heavy metal tolerance mechanism in A. ferrooxidans.
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Kotrba, Pavel, Tomáš Macek, and Tomáš Ruml. "Heavy Metal-Binding Peptides and Proteins in Plants. A Review." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 64, no. 7 (1999): 1057–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19991057.
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In plants, two kinds of specific metal-binding peptides or proteins are synthesized. Plant metallothioneins (MTs) and MT-like proteins are cysteine-rich translation products of genes inducible in tissue-specific manner during embryogenesis and plant development. In addition, differential expression of MT-like protein genes could be due to variation of external heavy metal concentrations (especially of Cu2+ and Fe2+), influence of various stress factors (heat shock, sucrose starvation, oxidative stress, wounding, plant pathogens). The principal role of plant MTs and MT-like proteins seems to be in homeostasis of essential transition metals rather than in metal detoxification. Phytochelatins (PCs) have general structure (γ-Glu-Cys)n-Xaa, where n = 2-11 and Xaa amino acids Gly, β-Ala, Ser, and Glu which depend on the species; the des-Xaa forms of PC also exist. PCs are synthesized in plants and some yeasts by a constitutive enzyme phytochelatin synthase (active only in the presence of free heavy metal ion) from glutathione or its anologue. Despite the PC capability of forming complexes with transition metal ions (their role in metal homeostasis could not be excluded) and virtually prominent role in Cd2+ detoxification within plant cell, there is no evidence that elevated production of PCs may contribute to differential tolerance and/or could be responsible for the resistance to toxic metals. A review with 172 references.
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Kurant, V. Z., and V. O. Khomenchuk. "ВПЛИВ ІОНІВ МАНГАНУ, ЦИНКУ, КУПРУМУ ТА ПЛЮМБУМУ НА ВМІСТ ВІЛЬНИХ АМІНОКИСЛОТ В ОРГАНІЗМІ КОРОПА." Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 75, no. 1 (June 23, 2019): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.19.1.4.
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The influence of ions of Manganese, Zinc, Copper and Lead in two concentrations, which corresponded to 2 and 5 MPC, on the content of free amino acids in the carp organism was studied. It is shown, that free amino acids are compounds, that are actively used in the energy supply of fish organisms. Their metabolism is one of the factors, that provides biochemical adaptation of fish to the changes of the conditions in the aquatic environment. The leading role in this process in carp organism have glycine, the content of which in the muscles of the control fish is quite high. It exceeds all other concentrations of amino acids in this tissue, and when exposed to the organism of fish, the ions of the investigated metals decreases to the greatest extent. Among other amino acids, it should be noted the growth both in the muscles and in the liver of experimental fish the amount of sulfur-containing. An important role in the detoxification of ammonia, which is formed under the influence on the organism of carp the elevated metal concentrations, belongs to aspartic and glutamic acids. In our studies, the content of free amino acids in the liver and muscle of fish is reduced by the action of metal ions, which may indicate an active involvement of aspartic and glutamic acid in the processes of detoxification of these ions. In general, the dynamics of free amino acids in carp tissues reflects the general tendencies of metabolism in its organism. Oxidation catabolism of amino acids of skeletal muscle and liver of fish is an important part of the integral physiological and biochemical mechanism, which provides energy homeostasis in their organism in conditions of intoxication.
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Obeid, Muhammad H., Jana Oertel, Marc Solioz, and Karim Fahmy. "Mechanism of Attenuation of Uranyl Toxicity by Glutathione in Lactococcus lactis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 12 (April 8, 2016): 3563–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00538-16.
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ABSTRACTBoth prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms possess mechanisms for the detoxification of heavy metals, and these mechanisms are found among distantly related species. We investigated the role of intracellular glutathione (GSH), which, in a large number of taxa, plays a role in protection against the toxicity of common heavy metals. Anaerobically grownLactococcus lactiscontaining an inducible GSH synthesis pathway was used as a model organism. Its physiological condition allowed study of putative GSH-dependent uranyl detoxification mechanisms without interference from additional reactive oxygen species. By microcalorimetric measurements of metabolic heat during cultivation, it was shown that intracellular GSH attenuates the toxicity of uranium at a concentration in the range of 10 to 150 μM. In this concentration range, no effect was observed with copper, which was used as a reference for redox metal toxicity. At higher copper concentrations, GSH aggravated metal toxicity. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed the endothermic binding of U(VI) to the carboxyl group(s) of GSH rather than to the reducing thiol group involved in copper interactions. The data indicate that the primary detoxifying mechanism is the intracellular sequestration of carboxyl-coordinated U(VI) into an insoluble complex with GSH. The opposite effects on uranyl and on copper toxicity can be related to the difference in coordination chemistry of the respective metal-GSH complexes, which cause distinct growth phase-specific effects on enzyme-metal interactions.IMPORTANCEUnderstanding microbial metal resistance is of particular importance for bioremediation, where microorganisms are employed for the removal of heavy metals from the environment. This strategy is increasingly being considered for uranium. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of uranyl detoxification. Existing studies of different taxa show little systematics but hint at a role of glutathione (GSH). Previous work could not unequivocally demonstrate a GSH function in decreasing the presumed uranyl-induced oxidative stress, nor could a redox-independent detoxifying action of GSH be identified. Combining metabolic calorimetry with cell number-based assays and genetics analysis enables a novel and general approach to quantify toxicity and relate it to molecular mechanisms. The results show that GSH-expressing microorganisms appear advantageous for uranyl bioremediation.
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Ivanov, D. D. "Safety and effectiveness of rheosorbilact detoxification therapy in stage 1–3 CKD." KIDNEYS 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2307-1257.10.2.2021.234321.
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The problem of detoxification therapy, in particular for kidney disease, is an important component of modern treatment. Renal dysfunction significantly complicates detoxification measures for at least two reasons. The first is to reduce the clearance of toxic substances, increase their content and redistribution in body tissues while reducing the glomerular filtration rate. The second reason is a change in the pharmacodynamics of detoxification drugs due to decreased renal function. Rheosorbilact is a hyperosmolar crystalloid electrolyte solution for infusion, which has detoxifying, rheological and alkalizing action with stimulation of intestinal motility. The drug is used to correct metabolic acidosis without causing sharp fluctuations in pH, due to the sodium lactate content, the effect of which manifested itself in 20–30 minutes after administration. Another important component of the drug is sorbitol, which in the form of an isotonic solution has a disaggregating effect, improving microcirculation and tissue perfusion. Sodium chloride in the drug replenishes the deficiency of sodium and chlorine ions, performing a rehydrating effect and increasing the volume of circulating blood, increasing diuresis, and calcium chloride replenishes the deficiency of calcium ions, reducing the permeability of the vascular wall and thus preventing the development of inflammatory reactions. The article presents a detailed analysis of the use of rheosorbilact with an emphasis on kidney disease and their function. Rheosorbilact can be used effectively and safely at a dose of 200 ml at a body weight of less than 60 kg and up to 400 ml at a body weight of more than 60 kg twice a day at an estimated glomerular filtration rate of more than 45 ml/min/m2 and no decompensated heart failure and stage III hypertension.
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Mounaji, Khadija, Nour-Eddine Erraiss, and Maurice Wegnez. "Identification of Metallothionein in Pleurodeles waltl." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 57, no. 7-8 (August 1, 2002): 727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2002-7-830.
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The characterization of metallothionein in the Urodele amphibian species Pleurodeles waltl was achieved. A simple and rapid method for identification of metallothionein, based on its strong affinity for cadmium (109Cd), was used. We were able to show that metallothionein is constitutively synthesized in liver, ovary and brain. The property of metallothionein to strongly bind essential (Zn, Cu) as well as toxic (Cd, Hg) metals is consistent with a dual role in cellular metabolism, i.e. homeostatis and detoxification of heavy metal ions.
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Alhasawi, Azhar, Jacob Costanzi, Christopher Auger, Nishma D. Appanna, and Vasu D. Appanna. "Metabolic reconfigurations aimed at the detoxification of a multi-metal stress in Pseudomonas fluorescens : Implications for the bioremediation of metal pollutants." Journal of Biotechnology 200 (April 2015): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.029.
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Vezentsev, Alexandr, Natalia Volovicheva, Svetlana Korolkova, Lidiia Peristaya, Vitaliy Milyutin, and Igor Korolkov. "Purification of water and fertile soil with bentonite-like clays of the Belgorod Region." BIO Web of Conferences 30 (2021): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213002001.
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This paper presents the results of a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of sorption purification of aquatic medium and fertile soils using native forms of bentonite clays of deposits in the Belgorod region (Russia) from heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Pb2+) and radionuclides (137Cs, 85Sr, 233U и 239Pu). It was revealed that during the sorption of heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Fe3+ и Cr3+) from model water systems, the most absorbing activity is shown by the natural clays of the Polyana and Nelidovka deposits, which have almost the same ability to absorb heavy metal ions. The purification efficiency of the model aqueous solutions from these cations taken at an initial concentration of 0.1 mmol/l reaches 95%. It was established that the natural clay of the Polyana deposit is also an effective sorbent for the purification of solutions from cesium radionuclides. In terms of sorption ability, the studied sample is 5 times superior to natural clinoptilolite, which is most often used to purify solutions from radiocesium.. It was revealed that with an increase in the amount of added sorbents, the detoxification effect is increased, that is, the content of heavy metals in the green mass decreases.
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Ibáñez, María M., Susana K. Checa, and Fernando C. Soncini. "A Single Serine Residue Determines Selectivity to Monovalent Metal Ions in Metalloregulators of the MerR Family." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 9 (February 17, 2015): 1606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.02565-14.
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ABSTRACTMerR metalloregulators alleviate toxicity caused by an excess of metal ions, such as copper, zinc, mercury, lead, cadmium, silver, or gold, by triggering the expression of specific efflux or detoxification systems upon metal detection. The sensor protein binds the inducer metal ion by using two conserved cysteine residues at the C-terminal metal-binding loop (MBL). Divalent metal ion sensors, such as MerR and ZntR, require a third cysteine residue, located at the beginning of the dimerization (α5) helix, for metal coordination, while monovalent metal ion sensors, such as CueR and GolS, have a serine residue at this position. This serine residue was proposed to provide hydrophobic and steric restrictions to privilege the binding of monovalent metal ions. Here we show that the presence of alanine at this position does not modify the activation pattern of monovalent metal sensors. In contrast, GolS or CueR mutant sensors with a substitution of cysteine for the serine residue respond to monovalent metal ions or Hg(II) with high sensitivities. Furthermore, in a mutant deleted of the Zn(II) exporter ZntA, they also trigger the expression of their target genes in response to either Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), or Co(II).IMPORTANCESpecificity in a stressor's recognition is essential for mounting an appropriate response. MerR metalloregulators trigger the expression of specific resistance systems upon detection of heavy metal ions. Two groups of these metalloregulators can be distinguished, recognizing either +1 or +2 metal ions, depending on the presence of a conserved serine in the former or a cysteine in the latter. Here we demonstrate that the serine residue in monovalent metal ion sensors excludes divalent metal ion detection, as its replacement by cysteine renders a pan-metal ion sensor. Our results indicate that the spectrum of signals detected by these sensors is determined not only by the metal-binding ligand availability but also by the metal-binding cavity flexibility.
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Qayoom, Amtul, Syed Arif Kazmi, and Saeeda Nadir Ali. "Turmeric Powder as a Natural Heavy Metal Chelating Agent: Surface Characterisation." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 60, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.60.1.2017.1.8.
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The present study was conducted to investigate surface properties of turmeric in order to evaluateits detoxification potential and ability to sequester toxic metals ions. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM),Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS), Infra-Red (IR) spectroscopy and potentiometric titrations wereemployed for characterisation of the surface of turmeric powder. Spectroscopic studies revealed that thesurface of turmeric powder was porous mainly composed of polymeric -OH , -NH , -CH2 , -COO and-OH groups of polysaccharides. From potentiometric titrations and modelling of batch titration data, it wasfound that surface of the turmeric contains at least four binding sites with pKa values 3.56 (pK1), 4.83(pK2), 7.68 (pK3) and 10.4 (pK4). Turmeric powder contains highest concentration of amino and hydroxylgroups for the pK4 values i.e., 0.55 mmol/ g. The total binding sites concentration for turmeric powderwas 1.2 mmol/ g.
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Tamova, Maya, Elena Barashkina, Rostislav Zhuravlev, Sergei Usatikov, and Amina Dzhaboeva. "Optimization of production technology for encapsulated functional detoxicants." E3S Web of Conferences 262 (2021): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126201023.
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This study purpose was to optimize the production technology of encapsulated functional detoxicants based on combined dietary fibers (DF) obtained from beet pulp according to the developed technology. Production technology optimization for functional encapsulated food products was performed using mathematical programming methods based on Statistica v.10 and MathСAD v.15 software environments. An optimal technological production mode for encapsulated food products with high quality indicators, having an increased detoxification ability in relation to heavy metal ions, including combined DF, obtained from beet pulp.
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Simkiss, K., and M. G. Taylor. "Calcium magnesium phosphate granules: atomistic simulations explaining cell death." Journal of Experimental Biology 190, no. 1 (May 1, 1994): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.190.1.131.
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1. A large number of invertebrates have cells that produce intracellular granules of amorphous calcium magnesium phosphates that are thought to act as ion stores or sites of metal detoxification. 2. The interatomic potentials and force constants have been calculated for these ions, and computer simulations of the crystal lattices have been used to determine the effects of ion substitutions on these lattice energies. 3. The results provide insights into the mechanisms of granule formation and the effects of ion substitutions on cell physiology.
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Epure, Alina, and Dan Mircea Cheța. "Detoxification therapy and diet plan for mercury, aluminium, arsene poisoning." Romanian Medical Journal 68, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rmj.2021.3.14.
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Mercury and aluminum poisoning affects the entire human body, the cumulative toxic effects being noticed especially at the cognitive, neurological and metabolic level. Toxicity with heavy metals such as mercury, aluminum, arsenic, lead is one of the biggest threats to our health. The diagnosis of mercury, aluminum and arsenic poisoning is an important step in establishing food and chelation therapy, with an emphasis on the cause, not on the symptoms. We present the case of a 46-year-old patient with symptoms manifested for a period of 2 years, who was exposed to treatments structured according to manifestations, without improving the conditions presented, without performing specific investigations of heavy metal poisoning. The personalized diet and treatment plan, used in the case of this patient, for a period of 3 months were distinguished by a total solution of the manifestations initially presented, no side effects.
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Liu, X. F., and V. C. Culotta. "The requirement for yeast superoxide dismutase is bypassed through mutations in BSD2, a novel metal homeostasis gene." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 11 (November 1994): 7037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.11.7037-7045.1994.
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Oxygen toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains lacking superoxide dismutase can be suppressed through mutations in either the BSD1 or BSD2 gene. In this report, we demonstrate that the BSD2 gene normally functions in the homeostasis of heavy metal ions. A mutation in BSD2 not only reverses the aerobic defects of yeast strains lacking superoxide dismutase but also is associated with an increased sensitivity to copper and cadmium toxicity and an elevation in copper ion accumulation. The BSD2 gene was cloned by functional complementation and is predicted to encode a novel 37.5-kDa protein with three potential transmembrane domains. The mutant bsd2-1 allele was isolated and found to contain a single C-to-T transition changing a centrally located proline to a serine. This substitution results in total inactivation of BSD2, since the bsd2-1 mutation is identical to a bsd2 delta gene deletion in phenotype. BSD2 is expressed in yeast cells as a 1.5-kb mRNA. Although the gene functions in copper detoxification, BSD2 is not induced by copper ions, as is the case with S. cerevisiae metallothioneins. A probable role for copper ions in the bsd2 reversal of oxidative damage is discussed.
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Liu, X. F., and V. C. Culotta. "The requirement for yeast superoxide dismutase is bypassed through mutations in BSD2, a novel metal homeostasis gene." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 11 (November 1994): 7037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.11.7037.
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Oxygen toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains lacking superoxide dismutase can be suppressed through mutations in either the BSD1 or BSD2 gene. In this report, we demonstrate that the BSD2 gene normally functions in the homeostasis of heavy metal ions. A mutation in BSD2 not only reverses the aerobic defects of yeast strains lacking superoxide dismutase but also is associated with an increased sensitivity to copper and cadmium toxicity and an elevation in copper ion accumulation. The BSD2 gene was cloned by functional complementation and is predicted to encode a novel 37.5-kDa protein with three potential transmembrane domains. The mutant bsd2-1 allele was isolated and found to contain a single C-to-T transition changing a centrally located proline to a serine. This substitution results in total inactivation of BSD2, since the bsd2-1 mutation is identical to a bsd2 delta gene deletion in phenotype. BSD2 is expressed in yeast cells as a 1.5-kb mRNA. Although the gene functions in copper detoxification, BSD2 is not induced by copper ions, as is the case with S. cerevisiae metallothioneins. A probable role for copper ions in the bsd2 reversal of oxidative damage is discussed.
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Dzurendova, Simona, Boris Zimmermann, Valeria Tafintseva, Achim Kohler, Svein Jarle Horn, and Volha Shapaval. "Metal and Phosphate Ions Show Remarkable Influence on the Biomass Production and Lipid Accumulation in Oleaginous Mucor circinelloides." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6040260.
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The biomass of Mucor circinelloides, a dimorphic oleaginous filamentous fungus, has a significant nutritional value and can be used for single cell oil production. Metal ions are micronutrients supporting fungal growth and metabolic activity of cellular processes. We investigated the effect of 140 different substrates, with varying amounts of metal and phosphate ions concentration, on the growth, cell chemistry, lipid accumulation, and lipid profile of M. circinelloides. A high-throughput set-up consisting of a Duetz microcultivation system coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was utilized. Lipids were extracted by a modified Lewis method and analyzed using gas chromatography. It was observed that Mg and Zn ions were essential for the growth and metabolic activity of M. circinelloides. An increase in Fe ion concentration inhibited fungal growth, while higher concentrations of Cu, Co, and Zn ions enhanced the growth and lipid accumulation. Lack of Ca and Cu ions, as well as higher amounts of Zn and Mn ions, enhanced lipid accumulation in M. circinelloides. Generally, the fatty acid profile of M. circinelloides lipids was quite consistent, irrespective of media composition. Increasing the amount of Ca ions enhanced polyphosphates accumulation, while lack of it showed fall in polyphosphate.
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Van der Pas, Llewelyn, and Robert A. Ingle. "Towards an Understanding of the Molecular Basis of Nickel Hyperaccumulation in Plants." Plants 8, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8010011.
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Metal hyperaccumulation is a rare and fascinating phenomenon, whereby plants actively accumulate high concentrations of metal ions in their above-ground tissues. Enhanced uptake and root-to-shoot translocation of specific metal ions coupled with an increased capacity for detoxification and sequestration of these ions are thought to constitute the physiological basis of the hyperaccumulation phenotype. Nickel hyperaccumulators were the first to be discovered and are the most numerous, accounting for some seventy-five percent of all known hyperaccumulators. However, our understanding of the molecular basis of the physiological processes underpinning Ni hyperaccumulation has lagged behind that of Zn and Cd hyperaccumulation, in large part due to a lack of genomic resources for Ni hyperaccumulators. The advent of RNA-Seq technology, which allows both transcriptome assembly and profiling of global gene expression without the need for a reference genome, has offered a new route for the analysis of Ni hyperaccumulators, and several such studies have recently been reported. Here we review the current state of our understanding of the molecular basis of Ni hyperaccumulation in plants, with an emphasis on insights gained from recent RNA-Seq experiments, highlight commonalities and differences between Ni hyperaccumulators, and suggest potential future avenues of research in this field.
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Zhao, Yuanfeng, Thomas D. Bunch, and S. Clay Isom. "Effects of electrical biostimulation and silver ions on porcine fibroblast cells." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): e0246847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246847.
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The medical applications of electrical biostimulation and silver ions have been evaluated in laboratory experiments and clinical studies for more than two decades. Their effects on preventing infection and promoting wound healing have been described. However, little is known about the role of electrical biostimulation and/or silver ion on changes in cellular transcriptome dynamics. To our knowledge, few studies have been conducted to investigate the potential of electrical biostimulation and silver ions in cell reprogramming. Besides, it is essential to assess any possible adverse effects or potential benefits of the silver ions on mammalian cells to address its safety concerns and to improve silver medical products. In this study, we investigated transcriptomic changes in porcine fibroblast cells in response to electrical biostimulation in the presence of silver ions. Exposed cells presented distinct morphological changes after treatment, which was mainly due to the exposure of silver ions rather than the electrical current itself. Gene expression analyses suggested that electrical biostimulation and silver ions did not increase the expression of pluripotency genes. Interestingly, a set of genes related to cellular metabolic processes were differentially expressed after cells were exposed to electrically generated silver ions for 21 hours. We found that 2.00 mg/L of electrically generated silver ion caused an increase of ATP generation and an increase of the total pool of NAD+ and NADH, while ROS production did not change. Aside from toxic effects, the results reported herein demonstrate the alternative effects of silver ions on mammalian cells, especially an oxidative phosphorylation burst. To our knowledge, this response of mammalian cells to silver ions has not been described previously. Although the function of this burst is not understood, it may lead to alterations in cellular activities such as metabolic remodeling and cell reprogramming, and/or serve an as-yet unknown function in neutralization or detoxification of the silver ions within the cells.
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Hua, Haiqing, Lisa Münter, Anja Harmeier, Oleg Georgiev, Gerd Multhaup, and Walter Schaffner. "Toxicity of Alzheimer's disease-associated Aβ peptide is ameliorated in a Drosophila model by tight control of zinc and copper availability." Biological Chemistry 392, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bc.2011.084.
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Abstract Amyloid plaques consisting of aggregated Aβ peptide are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Among the different forms of Aβ, the one of 42aa length (Aβ42) is most aggregation-prone and also the most neurotoxic. We find that eye-specific expression of human Aβ42 in Drosophila results in a degeneration of eye structures that progresses with age. Dietary supplements of zinc or copper ions exacerbate eye damage. Positive effects are seen with zinc/copper chelators, or with elevated expression of MTF-1, a transcription factor with a key role in metal homeostasis and detoxification, or with human or fly transgenes encoding metallothioneins, metal scavenger proteins. These results show that a tight control of zinc and copper availability can minimize cellular damage associated with Aβ42 expression.
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Gekeler, Walter, Erwin Grill, Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker, and Meinhart H. Zenk. "Survey of the Plant Kingdom for the Ability to Bind Heavy Metals through Phytochelatins." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 44, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1989): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1989-5-605.
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Abstract Differentiated plants and suspension cultures of the taxonomic divisions Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, and Spermatophyta have been investigated as to their ability to detoxify heavy metals like Cd2+ through the formation of (γ-Glu -Cys)n-Giy peptides, the phytochelatins. Over 200 individual plants have been checked and there was not a single exception observed. Only in the order Fabales several species mainly of the tribus Fabaceae form upon exposure to Cd2+ ions peptides of the general structure (γ-Glu-Cys)n -β-Ala, the homo-phytochelatins. The existence of glutathione and homo-glutathione within a given species determines whether phytochelatins or their homo-derivatives are formed. The ability to form phytochelatins for metal homeostasis and metal detoxification is a principal feature of plant metabolism .
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Chen, Runqiu, Huaijun Tu, and Tingtao Chen. "Potential Application of Living Microorganisms in the Detoxification of Heavy Metals." Foods 11, no. 13 (June 27, 2022): 1905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11131905.
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Heavy metal (HM) exposure remains a global occupational and environmental problem that creates a hazard to general health. Even low-level exposure to toxic metals contributes to the pathogenesis of various metabolic and immunological diseases, whereas, in this process, the gut microbiota serves as a major target and mediator of HM bioavailability and toxicity. Specifically, a picture is emerging from recent investigations identifying specific probiotic species to counteract the noxious effect of HM within the intestinal tract via a series of HM-resistant mechanisms. More encouragingly, aided by genetic engineering techniques, novel HM-bioremediation strategies using recombinant microorganisms have been fruitful and may provide access to promising biological medicines for HM poisoning. In this review, we summarized the pivotal mutualistic relationship between HM exposure and the gut microbiota, the probiotic-based protective strategies against HM-induced gut dysbiosis, with reference to recent advancements in developing engineered microorganisms for medically alleviating HM toxicity.
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Peña, Maria Marjorette O., Keith A. Koch, and Dennis J. Thiele. "Dynamic Regulation of Copper Uptake and Detoxification Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 2514–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.5.2514.
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ABSTRACT The essential yet toxic nature of copper demands tight regulation of the copper homeostatic machinery to ensure that sufficient copper is present in the cell to drive essential biochemical processes yet prevent the accumulation to toxic levels. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nutritional copper sensor Mac1p regulates the copper-dependent expression of the high affinity Cu(I) uptake genesCTR1, CTR3, and FRE1, while the toxic copper sensor Ace1p regulates the transcriptional activation of the detoxification genes CUP1, CRS5, andSOD1 in response to copper. In this study, we characterized the tandem regulation of the copper uptake and detoxification pathways in response to the chronic presence of elevated concentrations of copper ions in the growth medium. Upon addition of CuSO4, mRNA levels of CTR3 were rapidly reduced to eightfold the original basal level whereas the Ace1p-mediated transcriptional activation of CUP1 was rapid and potent but transient.CUP1 expression driven by an Ace1p DNA binding domain-herpes simplex virus VP16 transactivation domain fusion was also transient, demonstrating that this mode of regulation occurs via modulation of the Ace1p copper-activated DNA binding domain. In vivo dimethyl sulfate footprinting analysis of the CUP1 promoter demonstrated transient occupation of the metal response elements by Ace1p which paralleled CUP1 mRNA expression. Analysis of a Mac1p mutant, refractile for copper-dependent repression of the Cu(I) transport genes, showed an aberrant pattern of CUP1expression and copper sensitivity. These studies (i) demonstrate that the nutritional and toxic copper metalloregulatory transcription factors Mac1p and Ace1p must sense and respond to copper ions in a dynamic fashion to appropriately regulate copper ion homeostasis and (ii) establish the requirement for a wild-type Mac1p for survival in the presence of toxic copper levels.
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Pedrini-Martha, Veronika, Simon Köll, Martin Dvorak, and Reinhard Dallinger. "Cadmium Uptake, MT Gene Activation and Structure of Large-Sized Multi-Domain Metallothioneins in the Terrestrial Door Snail Alinda biplicata (Gastropoda, Clausiliidae)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 5 (February 27, 2020): 1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051631.
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Terrestrial snails (Gastropoda) possess Cd-selective metallothioneins (CdMTs) that inactivate Cd2+ with high affinity. Most of these MTs are small Cysteine-rich proteins that bind 6 Cd2+ equivalents within two distinct metal-binding domains, with a binding stoichiometry of 3 Cd2+ ions per domain. Recently, unusually large, so-called multi-domain MTs (md-MTs) were discovered in the terrestrial door snail Alinda biplicata (A.b.). The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of A.b. to cope with Cd stress and the potential involvement of md-MTs in its detoxification. Snails were exposed to increasing Cd concentrations, and Cd-tissue concentrations were quantified. The gene structure of two md-MTs (9md-MT and 10md-MT) was characterized, and the impact of Cd exposure on MT gene transcription was quantified via qRT PCR. A.b. efficiently accumulates Cd at moderately elevated concentrations in the feed, but avoids food uptake at excessively high Cd levels. The structure and expression of the long md-MT genes of A.b. were characterized. Although both genes are intronless, they are still transcribed, being significantly upregulated upon Cd exposure. Overall, our results contribute new knowledge regarding the metal handling of Alinda biplicata in particular, and the potential role of md-MTs in Cd detoxification of terrestrial snails, in general.
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Ralser, Markus. "The RNA world and the origin of metabolic enzymes." Biochemical Society Transactions 42, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20140132.
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An RNA world has been placed centre stage for explaining the origin of life. Indeed, RNA is the most plausible molecule able to form both a (self)-replicator and to inherit information, necessities for initiating genetics. However, in parallel with self-replication, the proto-organism had to obtain the ability to catalyse supply of its chemical constituents, including the ribonucleotide metabolites required to replicate RNA. Although the possibility of an RNA-catalysed metabolic network has been considered, it is to be questioned whether RNA molecules, at least on their own, possess the required catalytic capacities. An alternative scenario for the origin of metabolism involves chemical reactions that are based on environmental catalysts. Recently, we described a non-enzymatic glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway-like reactions catalysed by metal ions [mainly Fe(II)] and phosphate, simple inorganic molecules abundantly found in Archaean sediments. While the RNA world can serve to explain the origin of genetics, the origin of the metabolic network might thus date back to constraints of environmental chemistry. Interestingly, considering a metal-catalysed origin of metabolism gives rise to an attractive hypothesis about how the first enzymes could have formed: simple RNA or (poly)peptide molecules could have bound the metal ions, and thus increased their solubility, concentration and accessibility. In a second step, this would have allowed substrate specificity to evolve.
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Takagi, M., H. Satofuka, S. Amano, H. Mizuno, Y. Eguchi, K. Hirata, K. Miyamoto, K. Fukui, and T. Imanaka. "Cellular Toxicity of Cadmium Ions and Their Detoxification by Heavy Metal-Specific Plant Peptides, Phytochelatins, Expressed in Mammalian Cells." Journal of Biochemistry 131, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a003093.
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Paavola, Joseph L., Umberto Battistin, Craig M. Ogata, and Millie M. Georgiadis. "Crystal structures of a dodecameric multicopper oxidase from Marinithermus hydrothermalis." Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 77, no. 10 (September 29, 2021): 1336–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205979832100944x.
Full textAbstract:
Multicopper oxidases (MCOs) represent a diverse family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of either an organic or a metal substrate with concomitant reduction of dioxygen to water. These enzymes contain variable numbers of cupredoxin domains, two, three or six per subunit, and rely on four copper ions, a single type I copper and three additional copper ions organized in a trinuclear cluster (TNC), with one type II and two type III copper ions, to catalyze the reaction. Here, two crystal structures and the enzymatic characterization of Marinithermus hydrothermalis MCO, a two-domain enzyme, are reported. This enzyme decolorizes Congo Red dye at 70°C in the presence of high halide concentrations and may therefore be useful in the detoxification of industrial waste that contains dyes. In two distinct crystal structures, MhMCO forms the trimers seen in other two-domain MCOs, but differs from these enzymes in that four trimers interact to create a dodecamer. This dodecamer of MhMCO forms a closed ball-like structure and has implications for the sequestration of bound divalent metal ions as well as substrate accessibility. In each subunit of the dodecameric structures, a Trp residue, Trp351, located between the type I and TNC sites exists in two distinct conformations, consistent with a potential role in facilitating electron transfer in the enzyme.
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Burggraf, Larry W., Scott D. Hansen, and Charles A. Bleckmann. "Metabolic inhibition by transition metal ions in a slow-growing, toluene-enriched microbial population." Environmental Toxicology and Water Quality 13, no. 3 (1998): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2256(1998)13:3<249::aid-tox7>3.0.co;2-7.
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Cepoi, Liliana, Inga Zinicovscaia, Ana Valuta, Liviu Codreanu, Ludmila Rudi, Tatiana Chiriac, Nikita Yushin, Dmitrii Grozdov, and Alexandra Peshkova. "Peculiarities of the Edaphic Cyanobacterium Nostoc linckia Culture Response and Heavy Metal Accumulation from Copper-Containing Multimetal Systems." Toxics 10, no. 3 (February 27, 2022): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10030113.
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Soil and water pollution is a major problem that has a negative impact on ecosystems and human health in particular. In the bioremediation processes, the application of photosynthetic microorganisms, including cyanobacteria, is a direction of action addressed with increasing frequency in the context of further development and improvement of environmentally friendly techniques needed for detoxification of soils and waters polluted with low concentrations of toxic elements, since they pose a challenge for traditional treatment methods. In the present study, the removal of copper and other metal ions from multielement systems by three generations of Nostoc linckia is discussed. Changes in the biochemical composition of the nostoc biomass, which accumulates metal ions, were monitored. Neutron activation analysis was applied to assess Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn accumulation by biomass, as well as to determine the biochemical composition of biomass after specific biochemical methods were used. The capacity of the accumulation of copper and other metal ions from multi-elemental systems by cyanobacteria Nostoc linckia was high and increased over two cycles of biomass growth in the systems Cu-Fe-Ni and Cu-Fe-Zn and over three cycles in Cu-Fe and Cu-Fe-Ni-Zn systems. It constituted 1720–10,600 µg metal/g depending on the system and cycle of cultivation. The accumulation of Fe, Ni, and Zn also increased over the generations of nostoc. The process of metal accumulation was demonstrated by a significant change in the biomass biochemical composition. Cyanobacteria Nostoc linckia possess a pronounced capacity of copper and other metal ion accumulation from multimetal systems and showed an increased resistance in environments polluted with heavy metals.