Relevant bibliographies by topics / Metal ions – Metabolic detoxification

Academic literature on the topic 'Metal ions – Metabolic detoxification'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Metal ions – Metabolic detoxification"

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Chasapis, Christos T., Massimiliano Peana, and Vlasoula Bekiari. "Structural Identification of Metalloproteomes in Marine Diatoms, an Efficient Algae Model in Toxic Metals Bioremediation." Molecules 27, no. 2 (January 7, 2022): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020378.

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The biosorption of pollutants using microbial organisms has received growing interest in the last decades. Diatoms, the most dominant group of phytoplankton in oceans, are (i) pollution tolerant species, (ii) excellent biological indicators of water quality, and (iii) efficient models in assimilation and detoxification of toxic metal ions. Published research articles connecting proteomics with the capacity of diatoms for toxic metal removal are very limited. In this work, we employed a structural based systematic approach to predict and analyze the metalloproteome of six species of marine diatoms: Thalassiosira pseudonana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Fragilariopsis cylindrus, Thalassiosira oceanica, Fistulifera solaris, and Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata. The results indicate that the metalloproteome constitutes a significant proportion (~13%) of the total diatom proteome for all species investigated, and the proteins binding non-essential metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, As, and Ba) are significantly more than those identified for essential metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn, Co, and Ni). These findings are most likely related to the well-known toxic metal tolerance of diatoms. In this study, metalloproteomes that may be involved in metabolic processes and in the mechanisms of bioaccumulation and detoxification of toxic metals of diatoms after exposure to toxic metals were identified and described.
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Emamverdian, Abolghassem, Yulong Ding, Farzad Mokhberdoran, and Yinfeng Xie. "Heavy Metal Stress and Some Mechanisms of Plant Defense Response." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/756120.

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Unprecedented bioaccumulation and biomagnification of heavy metals (HMs) in the environment have become a dilemma for all living organisms including plants. HMs at toxic levels have the capability to interact with several vital cellular biomolecules such as nuclear proteins and DNA, leading to excessive augmentation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This would inflict serious morphological, metabolic, and physiological anomalies in plants ranging from chlorosis of shoot to lipid peroxidation and protein degradation. In response, plants are equipped with a repertoire of mechanisms to counteract heavy metal (HM) toxicity. The key elements of these are chelating metals by forming phytochelatins (PCs) or metallothioneins (MTs) metal complex at the intra- and intercellular level, which is followed by the removal of HM ions from sensitive sites or vacuolar sequestration of ligand-metal complex. Nonenzymatically synthesized compounds such as proline (Pro) are able to strengthen metal-detoxification capacity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes. Another important additive component of plant defense system is symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. AM can effectively immobilize HMs and reduce their uptake by host plants via binding metal ions to hyphal cell wall and excreting several extracellular biomolecules. Additionally, AM fungi can enhance activities of antioxidant defense machinery of plants.
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Kato, Yugo, and Michio Suzuki. "Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles by Microorganisms." Crystals 10, no. 7 (July 8, 2020): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10070589.

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Metal nanoparticles (NPs), with sizes ranging from 1–100 nm, are of great scientific interest because their functions and features differ greatly from those of bulk metal. Chemical or physical methods are used to synthesize commercial quantities of NPs, and green, energy-efficient approaches generating byproducts of low toxicity are desirable to minimize the environmental impact of the industrial methods. Some microorganisms synthesize metal NPs for detoxification and metabolic reasons at room temperature and pressure in aqueous solution. Metal NPs have been prepared via green methods by incubating microorganisms or cell-free extracts of microorganisms with dissolved metal ions for hours or days. Metal NPs are analyzed using various techniques, such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Numerous publications have focused on microorganisms that synthesize various metal NPs. For example, Ag, Au, CdS, CdSe, Cu, CuO, Gd2O3, Fe3O4, PbS, Pd, Sb2O3, TiO2, and ZrO2 NPs have been reported. Herein, we review the synthesis of metal NPs by microorganisms. Although the molecular mechanisms of their synthesis have been investigated to some extent, experimental evidence for the mechanisms is limited. Understanding the mechanisms is crucial for industrial-scale development of microorganism-synthesized metal NPs.
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Kar, Saradia, Raj Kishan Agrahari, and Sanjib Kumar Panda. "Metal ion toxicity and tolerance mechanisms in plants growing in acidic soil." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 18, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v18i1.51254.

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<span>The abiotic factors have a wide effect on the growth of plants along with the cultivation of staple crops. The concentration of both essential and non-essential elements is impacted by number of biogeochemical factors. The low pH (≤5.0) of the soil is one such factor which poses variation in the levels of metal ions and mostly it leads to metal toxicity. The excess concentrations of the elements in the soil affects the growth, yield and the metabolic activities of the plants making them susceptible. However, some of the genotypes adapt themselves to metal toxicity condition by regulating their homeostatic genes leading to develop different strategies to undergo detoxification method. In the present review we discuss about the toxicity of Al, Fe and As which is a non-essential metal, an essential metal and an unwanted heavy metal. In a broad picture, to escape the toxic effects, plants have the strategy to exclude the excess metal outside the plant or include it in its storage cells. The insight of the present review aims at understanding these strategies in details which can be put into agricultural applications for developing better crops.</span>
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Forcella, Matilde, Pierre Lau, Marco Fabbri, Paola Fusi, Monica Oldani, Pasquale Melchioretto, Laura Gribaldo, and Chiara Urani. "Is Cadmium Toxicity Tissue-Specific? Toxicogenomics Studies Reveal Common and Specific Pathways in Pulmonary, Hepatic, and Neuronal Cell Models." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031768.

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Several harmful modifications in different tissues-organs, leading to relevant diseases (e.g., liver and lung diseases, neurodegeneration) are reported after exposure to cadmium (Cd), a wide environmental contaminant. This arises the question whether any common molecular signatures and/or Cd-induced modifications might represent the building block in initiating or contributing to address the cells towards different pathological conditions. To unravel possible mechanisms of Cd tissue-specificity, we have analyzed transcriptomics data from cell models representative of three major Cd targets: pulmonary (A549), hepatic (HepG2), and neuronal (SH-SY-5Y) cells. Further, we compared common features to identify any non-specific molecular signatures. The functional analysis of dysregulated genes (gene ontology and KEGG) shows GO terms related to metabolic processes significantly enriched only in HepG2 cells. GO terms in common in the three cell models are related to metal ions stress response and detoxification processes. Results from KEGG analysis show that only one specific pathway is dysregulated in a significant way in all cell models: the mineral absorption pathway. Our data clearly indicate how the molecular mimicry of Cd and its ability to cause a general metal ions dyshomeostasis represent the initial common feature leading to different molecular signatures and alterations, possibly responsible for different pathological conditions.
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De Simone, Giovanna, Alessandra di Masi, and Paolo Ascenzi. "Serum Albumin: A Multifaced Enzyme." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 10086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221810086.

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Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma, contributing actively to oncotic pressure maintenance and fluid distribution between body compartments. HSA acts as the main carrier of fatty acids, recognizes metal ions, affects pharmacokinetics of many drugs, provides the metabolic modification of some ligands, renders potential toxins harmless, accounts for most of the anti-oxidant capacity of human plasma, and displays esterase, enolase, glucuronidase, and peroxidase (pseudo)-enzymatic activities. HSA-based catalysis is physiologically relevant, affecting the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds including proteins, lipids, cholesterol, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and drugs. Catalytic properties of HSA are modulated by allosteric effectors, competitive inhibitors, chemical modifications, pathological conditions, and aging. HSA displays anti-oxidant properties and is critical for plasma detoxification from toxic agents and for pro-drugs activation. The enzymatic properties of HSA can be also exploited by chemical industries as a scaffold to produce libraries of catalysts with improved proficiency and stereoselectivity for water decontamination from poisonous agents and environmental contaminants, in the so called “green chemistry” field. Here, an overview of the intrinsic and metal dependent (pseudo-)enzymatic properties of HSA is reported to highlight the roles played by this multifaced protein.
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Pontel, Lucas B., Nadia L. Scampoli, Steffen Porwollik, Susana K. Checa, Michael McClelland, and Fernando C. Soncini. "Identification of a Salmonella ancillary copper detoxification mechanism by a comparative analysis of the genome-wide transcriptional response to copper and zinc excess." Microbiology 160, no. 8 (August 1, 2014): 1659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.080473-0.

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Copper and zinc are essential metal ions, but toxic in excess. Bacteria have evolved different strategies to control their intracellular concentrations, ensuring proper supply while avoiding toxicity, including the induction of metal-specific as well as non-specific mechanisms. We compared the transcriptional profiles of Salmonella Typhimurium after exposure to either copper or zinc ions in both rich and minimal media. Besides metal-specific regulatory networks many global stress-response pathways react to an excess of either of these metal ions. Copper excess affects both zinc and iron homeostasis by inducing transcription of these metal-specific regulons. In addition to the control of zinc-specific regulons, zinc excess affects the Cpx regulon and the σE envelope-stress responses. Finally, novel metal-specific upregulated genes were detected including a new copper-detoxification pathway that involves the siderophore enterobactin and the outer-membrane protein TolC. This work sheds light onto the transcriptional landscape of Salmonella after copper or zinc overload, and discloses a new mechanism of copper detoxification.
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Karmakar, Avishek, Biplab Joarder, Abhik Mallick, Partha Samanta, Aamod V. Desai, Sudipta Basu, and Sujit K. Ghosh. "Aqueous phase sensing of cyanide ions using a hydrolytically stable metal–organic framework." Chemical Communications 53, no. 7 (2017): 1253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc08557a.

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A fluorescent bio-compatible anionic metal–organic framework (MOF) for pure aqueous phase recognition and detoxification of cyanide ions (CN−) has been reported. The MOF acts as a molecular reaction vessel exclusively for cyanide ions, inducing a signal turn on response in aqueous media.
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Zhang, Lingfan, Wei Xia, Xin Liu, and Wenqing Zhang. "Synthesis of titanium cross-linked chitosan composite for efficient adsorption and detoxification of hexavalent chromium from water." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 1 (2015): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta05194g.

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For the simultaneous adsorption and detoxification of hexavalent chromium from water, a new titanium–chitosan (Ti–CTS) composite was synthesized through a metal-binding reaction between titanium ions and the chitosan biopolymer followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde.
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Olawale, Salaudeen Abdulwasiu, Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet, Didilia Ileana Mendoza-Castillo, Chibueze Charles Okafor, Lotfi Sellaoui, and Michael Badawi. "Thermodynamics and Mechanism of the Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions on Keratin Biomasses for Wastewater Detoxification." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (March 19, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7384924.

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The analysis of thermodynamics and mechanism of the adsorption of cadmium, chromium, copper, and lead ions from aqueous solution with two keratin-based biomaterials, namely, human hair and sheep fur, is reported in this paper. The effect of initial ion concentration, temperature, pH, contact time, and biomaterial amount on the removal of these heavy metal ions using these keratinous adsorbents was studied. The adsorption of heavy metal ions was highly dependent on the operating parameters where pH and temperature showed the highest impact. Maximum adsorption capacities of these biomaterials were up to 1.33 and 1.40 mmol/g for chromium ions using human hair and sheep fur, respectively. Adsorption kinetic rates of tested heavy metal ions were calculated via a pseudo-second-order model, and they ranged from 0.054 to 0.261 g/mmol·min. A detailed thermodynamic analysis of lead ion adsorption was performed showing an endothermic removal of this adsorbate with both human hair and sheep fur with adsorption enthalpies of 84.5 and 97.1 kJ/mol, respectively. Statistical physics calculations demonstrated that this heavy metal ion was adsorbed via a multi-interaction mechanism especially for human hair. These keratinous biomaterials showed competitive adsorption capacities especially for chromium ion removal and can outperform commercial activated carbons and other adsorbents reported in literature.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Metal ions – Metabolic detoxification"

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Wu, Shengchun. "Enhanced phytoextraction of metal contaminated soils using beneficial microorganisms." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2004. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/589.

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Messer, Regina L. W. "Cellular metabolic responses to metal ions released from nickel-chromium dental alloys." 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/48206731.html.

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Books on the topic "Metal ions – Metabolic detoxification"

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H, Hamer Dean, Winge Dennis R, and UCLA Colloquium on Metal Ion Homeostasis: Molecular Biology and Chemistry (1988 : Frisco, Colo.), eds. Metal ion homeostasis: Molecular biology and chemistry : proceedings of a UCLA colloquium held at Frisco, Colorado, April 10-16, 1988. New York: A.R. Liss, 1989.

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H, Hamer Dean, Winge Dennis R, and UCLA Colloquium on Metal Ion Homeostasis, Molecular Biology and Chemistry (1988 : Frisco, Colo.), eds. Metal ion homeostasis: Molecular biology and chemistry : proceedings of a UCLA colloquium heldat Frisco, Colorado, April 10-16, 1988. New York: A.R. Liss, 1989.

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H, Nies Dietrich, and Silver S, eds. Molecular microbiology of heavy metals. Berlin: Springer, 2007.

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Silver, Simon, and Dietrich H. Nies. Molecular Microbiology of Heavy Metals. Springer London, Limited, 2007.

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Silver, Simon, and Dietrich H. Nies. Molecular Microbiology of Heavy Metals. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2010.

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Metal Ions in Biological Systems. CRC, 1992.

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(Editor), Markus J. Tamás, and Enrico Martinoia (Editor), eds. Molecular Biology of Metal Homeostasis and Detoxification: From Microbes to Man (Topics in Current Genetics). Springer, 2006.

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Helmut, Sigel, and Sigel Astrid, eds. Degradation of environmental pollutants by microorganisms and their metalloenzymes. New York: M. Dekker, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Metal ions – Metabolic detoxification"

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Durnam, Diane M., and Richard D. Palmiter. "Analysis of the Detoxification of Heavy Metal Ions by Mouse Metallothionein." In Experientia Supplementum, 457–63. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-6784-9_45.

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Kumar, P. S. "Photocatalytic Heavy Metal Detoxification from Water Systems." In Materials Research Foundations, 57–76. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901359-2.

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Heavy metals are one of the greatest elevating threat to mankind and other living organisms and it is released into the environment due to increasing dumpsites, transports, and industrial sectors. The industrial wastewater containing heavy metal ions easily enters into the food chain through the air, water, and soil; it results in bioaccumulation and biomagnifications of metal ions in human beings. It causes severe chronic health disorders affecting the nervous system, circulatory system, digestive system and other sensitive organs of the human body. Many conventional techniques such as adsorption, coagulation, flocculation, electrochemical treatment, and biological treatment are used for the reduction of heavy metal ions in the aqueous system. The photocatalysis method is one of the emerging effective ways for eliminating the toxic metal ions from the aqueous solution. This chapter elaborates the principle, mechanism and various methods utilized in the photocatalytic reduction of heavy metal ions from the wastewater.
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Ghosh, Suchhanda. "Fungi-Mediated Detoxification of Heavy Metals." In Recent Advancements in Bioremediation of Metal Contaminants, 205–19. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4888-2.ch011.

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Heavy metal pollution is one of the major environmental problems today. Therefore, the elimination of heavy metal ions from wastewater is important to protect public health. The use of biological material in the removal and recovery of toxic metals from industrial wastes has gained important credibility during recent years. Several microorganisms including bacteria, algae, yeast, and fungi have been reported to effectively accumulate or adsorb heavy metals through biosorption. Fungal biomaterial has been proved to be efficient as a biosorbent. High percentage of the cell wall material and availability of fungal biomass as a by-product of various antibiotic and food industries makes it an obvious choice. Thus, the chapter deals with detoxification of heavy metals from contaminated sources using biomaterials with special reference to fungi.
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Jablonkai, Istvan. "Molecular Defense Mechanisms in Plants to Tolerate Toxic Action of Heavy Metal Environmental Pollution." In Plant Defense Mechanisms [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102330.

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Toxic action of heavy metals on plants growing in contaminated soils intensified the research on detoxification and sequestering mechanisms existing in plants to understand and manipulate defense mechanisms that confer tolerance against metal ions. Increased biosynthesis of plant biomolecules to confer tolerance during toxic action of heavy metals is an intrinsic ability of plants. Induced formation of low-molecular weight amino acids, peptides or proteines as chelators such as proline (Pro), glutathione (GSH), phytochelatins (PCs) or metallothioneins (MTs) under heavy metal stress enhances metal binding and detoxification capability of plants. In addition, proline and GSH related enzymes such as GSH reductase, GSH peroxidases and glutathione S-transferases are also key components of the antioxidant defense system in the cells to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Protective action of oxidized fatty acids oxylipins at toxic levels of heavy metals is considered to activate detoxification processes as signaling molecules.
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"9. CHROMIUM SUPPLEMENTATION IN HUMAN HEALTH, METABOLIC SYNDROME, AND DIABETES." In Essential Metals in Medicine: Therapeutic Use and Toxicity of Metal Ions in the Clinic, 231–52. De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110527872-009.

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Apea-Bah, Franklin Brian, and Trust Beta. "Advances in understanding the nutritional value of antioxidants in wheat." In Improving the nutritional and nutraceutical properties of wheat and other cereals, 29–72. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0087.04.

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Whole grain wheat has a diverse supply of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants which include phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins which are present only in pigmented wheat, alkylresorcinols, and to a lesser extent proanthocyanidins), carotenoids (mainly lutein and zeaxanthin) and tocochromanols (α, β, γ and δ - tocopherols and tocotrienols). This diversity of antioxidants function to protect consumers from radical-induced oxidative damage caused by various free radicals produced endogenously from metabolic processes and exogenously from sunlight and other chemicals and environmental pollutants. They also chelate metal ions which could catalyze oxidation reactions in the physiological system, thereby providing antioxidant protection. However, phenolic compounds might exert pro-oxidant effect when bound to heavy metal ions. This effect could be prevented by the diverse antioxidant system in wheat.
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Johansson, Erland, and Anders B. Falk. "Erythrocytes as Biomarkers of Virus and Bacteria in View of Metal Ion Homeostasis." In Erythrocyte - A Peripheral Biomarker For Infection and Inflammation. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97850.

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The erythrocyte contributes to the immune system in several ways. It sequesters interferons, interleukins or chemokines and by binding nucleic acid. It binds virus and bacteria and may deliver bacteria to macrophages for phagocytosis. It may also kill bacteria directly with oxygen. For proper function of the erythrocyte, homeostasis of reactive oxygen species, selenium, metal ions and trace elements is important. Erythrocytes display morphological and metabolic changes in diseases like sepsis, and in several genetic diseases. Patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), giving rise to the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), show many erythrocyte changes as compared to healthy controls. The erythrocyte responds to hemolysins by purinergic signaling leading to hemolysis or phosphatidylserine exposure on the plasma membrane. Phosphatidylserine marks erythrocytes for clearance by spleen macrophages. Regulated erythrocyte cell death, also called eryptosis, can be induced by oxidative stress, pathogen infection, and certain diseases like sepsis. Erythrocytes may, in the future, contribute more to diagnosis based on research and diagnostic technological development.
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Bortiatynski, Jacqueline M., and Patrick G. Hatcher. "The Development of 13C Labeling and 13C NMR Spectroscopy Techniques to Study the Interaction of Pollutants with Humic Substances." In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Environment Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097511.003.0007.

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Modern agricultural practices have contributed to the accumulation of herbicides, pesticides and their decomposition products in the soil. These pollutants are known to interact with soil organic matter to form covalent and/or noncovalent bonding associations. The covalent bonds are thought to result from addition or oxidative coupling reactions, some of which may be catalyzed by oxidoreductive enzymes. Noncovalent associations include such interactions as ion exchange, hydrogen bonding, protonation, charge transfer, ligand exchange, coordination through metal ions, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic bonding. The association of pollutants with soil organic matter is an area of study that is of extreme interest for two reasons. First, dissolved organic matter present in lakes and streams is known to enhance the solubility of pollutants, which poses a real threat to the quality of fresh water supplies. Therefore, if we are to predict the movement of pollutants in the water table we need to have a mechanistic understanding of their interactions with dissolved humic materials. Second, early studies had indicated that some pollutants chemically bind to humic materials, thus reducing the risk of further transport and dispersion. If this chemical binding of the pollutants is irreversible, then this process may serve as a natural means for their detoxification. Regardless of the type of association, the first task in any mechanistic study is to characterize the reaction products structurally. In the case of noncovalent binding mechanisms, studies have focused on the physical characteristics of the process and not on the structure of the associated pollutant. Association studies are used to determine the sorption kinetics and transport of pollutants as well as their association constants. These types of studies utilize various techniques such as batch sorption, gas-purge desorption, column adsorption, and miscible displacement. All of these techniques are only capable of providing quantitative information on the amount of pollutant sorbed by a substrate. The study of the covalent binding of pollutants to humic substances has utilized 14C labeling in addition to various spectrometric techniques such as ultraviolet (UV) difference, fluorescence polarization and infrared (IR) spectroscopy.
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Lowenstam, Heinz A., and Stephen Weiner. "Some Nonskeletal Functions in Biomineralization." In On Biomineralization. Oxford University Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195049770.003.0012.

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The functions of mineralized hard parts are often self-evident. In many of the tables throughout the book we note the assigned or very often assumed functions of many different mineralized bodies. Often, however, assumed functions do not stand up to closer examination. A good example is the study of the cells of the hepatopancreas of gastropods (Howard et al. 1981). These glands have numerous cells containing intracellular mineralized granules. It was generally assumed that they all functioned as transient storage sites for calcium ions, until it was found that a subpopulation forms granules of a different type, which are used for heavy metal detoxification. Granules can be used in other ways as well. Certain polychaete worms, for example, strengthen their muscles by packing them with granules (Gibbs and Bryan 1984). Spicules are also commonly formed by many organisms and their functions are often not understood. They tend to have elaborate morphologies and mineralogies that are species specific, implying that they do perform specialized functions. These are just a few of many examples in which the functions of mineralized bodies still need to be determined. In this chapter we describe four different cases in which the functions are fairly well established. They have been investigated in some detail and, thus, provide good guidelines as to the various approaches by which function can be investigated. Some gravity receptors have been closely examined with respect to neuroanatomy and function, but not with respect to the specific adaptations of structure and mineralogy of the ubiquitous “heavy bodies.” Studies of biologic magnetic field receptors, in contrast, have focused on the mineral, and virtually nothing is known about the neuroanatomy. The molecular structure of the iron storage molecule ferritin is known with a resolution of a few Angstroms. Ferritin provides us with a glimpse of the insights that can be gained into function from such detailed structural information. Finally, some studies on the control of proteins on ice crystal formation represent the first application of the powerful techniques of molecular biology to determining function in biomineralization. These are undoubtedly the forerunners of many function-oriented studies using molecular biological techniques.
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Conference papers on the topic "Metal ions – Metabolic detoxification"

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Rohova, Maryna, Vladyslav Kovalenko, Volodymyr Tkachenko, Inna Lych, and Iryna Voloshyna. "Green Biosynthesis of Zinc Nanoparticles." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.iv.12.

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Currently there is a growing need for the development of an environmentally friendly process of synthesis of nanoparticles, during which no toxic chemicals are used. That is why an important area of research in nanotechnology sphere is the synthesis of metal nanoparticles by microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast (detoxification often occurs by reduction of metal ions/formation of metal sulfides). Bacteria are the organism of choice due to their fast growth, high efficiency and low cost. Metal nanoparticles exhibit antimicrobial properties, but the properties of nanoparticles depend on their size and shape, making them specific for different applications. Nevertheless, the desired size and shape of nanoparticles can be obtained by optimizing the synthesis process through manipulating their reaction conditions. Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles is an alternative to chemical and physical methods, as it is non-toxic and biocompatible. Despite the relevance of the application of the “green synthesis” method in the field of nanotechnology, biosynthesis by bacterial organisms has certain disadvantages, such as a high probability of pathogenicity, labour-intensive cultivation, and pollution problems. Ultimately, there is a need to explore more potential microorganisms for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. The paper provides a review of literature data on the biosynthesis of zinc nanoparticles using lactic acid microorganisms. It was shown that bacteria are capable of synthesizing both extracellular and intracellular nanoparticles in the wavelength range of 315-392 nm. Data on the manifestation of antimicrobial properties by zinc nanoparticles against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial microorganisms and micromycetes.
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Jayaprakash, Nirmala, Kanchana Manivasakan, and Sai Tejeshwini Rajaram. "Investigation of mechanism and effectiveness of metal nanoparticles in self-sterilizing packaging." In 11th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p53.

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Microbial contaminants intimidate food safety and shelf-life. Metal nanoparticles (NPs) have become a leading area of interest and research in barrier packaging materials that ensure food safety. Traits such as small size, high surface-to-volume ratio and multi-functionality make them ideal materials for producing self-sterilizing packaging. Numerous metal NPs have proven to fight against a wide range of pathogenic microbes through various methods. Further, metal NPs exhibit more biocompatibility than metal ions. This study investigates the role and the mechanism of action of the various NPs in selfsterilizing packaging. AgNPs, TiO2NPs, MgONPs, ZnONPs, AuNPs, FeONPs, Cu-based NPs and SnO2NPs have been explored for their biocidal action in self-sterilizing surfaces and food packaging applications in this work. The size, shape, surface structure, surface reactivity and other environmental factors (like pH) influence the biocidal properties of these metal NPs. From the literature survey, it was inferred that it was necessary for the metal NPs to be smaller than 50 nm in size to exhibit effective biocidal action against pathogenic microbes. The mechanisms followed by the metal NPs against bacteria and fungi include disturbing the cell wall, the metabolic process by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or the DNA synthesis mechanism. It was inferred that AgNPs, MgNPs and ZnONPs are some of the NPs that have a significant share in self-sterilizing surfaces. Being expensive, the works of literature on AuNPs and their application in this subject are very few. This paper aims to study the biocidal behaviour and rank the effectiveness of these metal NPs to act as ideal materials for self-sterilising packaging.
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