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Journal articles on the topic 'Metal hydroxides'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Sidorova, Elena N., Ella L. Dzidziguri, Yulia P. Vinichenko, Dmitriy Yu Ozherelkov, Alexander S. Shinkaryov, Alexander A. Gromov, and Anton Yu Nalivaiko. "Metal Nanoparticles Formation from Nickel Hydroxide." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 21, 2020): 4689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204689.

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In this study, the mechanism of nickel nanoparticle formation from its hydroxide was analyzed. Metallic nickel nanoparticles were obtained through the hydroxide’s reduction under hydrogen. Nickel hydroxides were produced from nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate and NaOH by deposition under various initial conditions. The influence of washing treatment on the dispersion of obtained nickel powders was studied. The washing procedure of precipitates was carried out by centrifugation, ultrasonic treatment, and decantation. X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy methods were used for nanoparticle characterization. Based on the resulting data, a model of the Ni(OH)2 aggregate structure after deposition was proposed. The number of nickel hydroxide particles required to form one nickel nanoparticle was estimated, and a model of its formation was proposed.

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2

Yuan, Long, Keke Huang, Wenchun Feng, Baiyan Li, Changmin Hou, Kaiqi Ye, Xiaofeng Wu, Zhan Shi, Shan Wang, and Shouhua Feng. "Design and synthesis of metal hydroxide three-dimensional inorganic cationic frameworks." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 10 (2018): 3339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt00039e.

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We developed the largest family of three-dimensional inorganic cationic frameworks that built by edge-sharing rare-earth and transition metal hydroxide polyhedral units,which indicates the successful conversion of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and layered rare-earth hydroxides (LREHs) to 3-D structures.

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3

Licskó, István. "On the Types of Bond Developing between the Aluminium and Iron (III) Hydroxides and Organic Substances." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 11 (June 1, 1993): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0284.

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During the coagulation-flocculation processes involved in the treatment of surface waters, dissolved organics are also incorporated into the aluminium and iron (III) hydroxide flocs. A part of the dissolved organics can thus be removed by simple solid-liquid phase separation techniques, like sedimentation, flotation, sand filtration. According to laboratory evidence, durable bonds between the coagulant, or the metal hydroxides thereof, develop only over the extremely short (a few seconds) period which elapses from the formation of the metal hydroxides to the intense aggregation of the metal hydroxide sols. The bonds between these latter and the organic substances are mainly of the hydrogen bridge type, but other secondary chemical bonds and adsorption are also involved. Owing to the chemical structure and relatively low concentration levels of the organic substances, direct valence chemical bonds between the coagulants or the metal hydroxides thereof and the organic substances develop to a slight extent only.

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4

Manohara, G. V., Li Li, Andrew Whiting, and H. Chris Greenwell. "Ultra-high aspect ratio hybrid materials: the role of organic guest and synthesis method." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 9 (2018): 2933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt04312k.

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5

Orlov, Yu F., E. I. Maslov, and E. I. Belkina. "Solubilities of metal hydroxides." Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 58, no. 11 (November 2013): 1306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036023613110168.

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6

Li, H. B., Y. Q. Gao, and G. W. Yang. "Electrochemical route for accessing amorphous mixed-metal hydroxide nanospheres and magnetism." RSC Advances 5, no. 56 (2015): 45359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra14370a.

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Amorphous mixed-metal hydroxides nanospheres with a homogeneous distribution of metals in compositions including binary Fe–Co, Fe–Ni and Co–Ni and ternary Ni–Co–Fe hydroxides were prepared via a simple, facile and green electrochemical technique.

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7

Balram, Anirudh, Jie Chao Jiang, Moisés Hernández Fernández, and Dennis De Sheng Meng. "Nickel-Cobalt Double Hydroxide Decorated Carbon Nanotubes via Aqueous Electrophoretic Deposition towards Catalytic Glucose Detection." Key Engineering Materials 654 (July 2015): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.654.70.

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In this work, we present a facile technique based on electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to produce transition metal hydroxide decorated carbon nanotubes (CNT) for electrochemical applications. We specifically explore the performance of nickel-cobalt hydroxides given their high activity, conductivity and stability as compared to the individual hydroxides. We exploit the high local pH at the negative electrodes during water-based EPD to form nanoparticles of nickel-cobalt hydroxides in situ on the CNT surface. We focus our work here on obtaining functional and conductive deposits on CNTs. The hydrophilic binderless deposits of Ni-Co double hydroxide decorated CNTs obtained here are used for non-enzymatic glucose detection. XPS data and electrochemical testing reveal difference in the deposited double hydroxide based on chronology of charging salt addition even at the same ratio. When cobalt and nickel salts are sequentially added at a ratio of 1:1, the deposited double hydroxides show excellent glucose sensitivity of ~3300μA/mM.cm2 at applied potential of 0.55V vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode.

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8

Li, Guowan, Zhujian Huang, Chengyu Chen, Hongcan Cui, Yijuan Su, Yang Yang, and Lihua Cui. "Simultaneous adsorption of trace sulfamethoxazole and hexavalent chromium by biochar/MgAl layered double hydroxide composites." Environmental Chemistry 16, no. 1 (2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en18132.

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Environmental contextWater contamination by antibiotics and heavy metals entails potential risks to both the environment and human health. Composite materials based on MgAl-layered double hydroxides and biochar simultaneously adsorbed the toxic sulfamethoxazole and CrVI metal species. These findings indicate that biochar/metal hydroxide composites could be valuable adsorbents for the simultaneous removal of trace antibiotics and metals from water. AbstractWater contamination by antibiotics and heavy metals has drawn wide attention because of the potential risks it poses to both the environment and human health. In this study, a series of adsorbents was successfully synthesised based on MgAl-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and biochar (BC) derived from Pennisetum sinese Roxb. The batch adsorption experiment results showed that the obtained composites could effectively adsorb trace sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and CrVIsimultaneously. The simultaneous adsorption of trace SMX and CrVI are well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm models. Characterisation of the composites after adsorption showed that the composites adsorbed SMX mainly by π-π bonds, hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. Electrostatic interaction, anion exchange, intraparticle diffusion and hydrogen bonding are the main mechanisms for CrVI adsorption onto the composites. This study indicates that the biochar/MgAl layered double hydroxide composites are promising adsorbents for the simultaneous removal of trace antibiotics and CrVI.

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9

Li, Mengxue, Jianyong Liu, Yunfeng Xu, and Guangren Qian. "Phosphate adsorption on metal oxides and metal hydroxides: A comparative review." Environmental Reviews 24, no. 3 (September 2016): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2015-0080.

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Phosphorus removal from wastewater is important for eutrophication control of water bodies. Metal oxides and metal hydroxides have always been developed and investigated for phosphorus removal, because of their abundance, low cost, environmental friendliness, and chemically stability. This paper presents a comparative review of the literature on the preparation methods, adsorption behaviors, adsorption mechanisms, and the regeneration of metal (hydr)oxides (e.g., Fe, Zn, Al, etc.) with regard to phosphate removal. The contrasting results showed that metal hydroxides could offer an effective and economic alternative to metal oxides, because of their cost–benefit synthesis methods, higher adsorption capacities, and shorter adsorption equilibrium times. However, the specific surface area of metal oxides is larger than that of metal hydroxides because of the calcination process. Metal oxides with a higher pH at the zero point of charge have wider optimal adsorption pH ranges than metal hydroxides because of their surface precipitation in alkaline solutions. The regeneration of metal oxides using acids, bases, and salts and that of metal hydroxides using acids and bases has been critically examined. Further research on uniform metal (hydr)oxides with small particle size, high stabilities, low cost, and that are easily regenerated with promising desorbents are proposed. In addition, quantitative mechanism study and application in continuous-mode column trials are also suggested.

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10

Zhao, Jiawen, Shuang Xu, Hongjie Wu, Zhixiong You, Lidan Deng, and Xinhong Qiu. "Metal–support interactions on Ru/CaAlOx catalysts derived from structural reconstruction of Ca–Al layered double hydroxides for ammonia decomposition." Chemical Communications 55, no. 96 (2019): 14410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc05706d.

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Strong metal–support interaction (SMSI) over Ru/CaAlO_x was constructed by utilizing the surface structural reconstruction of Ca–Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) in aqueous solution and their subsequent hydroxide-to-oxide transformations.

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11

Alcântara, Darder, Aranda, and Ruiz-Hitzky. "Zein-layered hydroxide biohybrids: strategies of synthesis and characterization." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040825.

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This work constitutes a basic study about the first exploration on the preparation of biohybrids based on the corn protein zein and layered metal hydroxides, such as layered double hydroxides (LDH) and layered single hydroxides (LSHs). For this purpose, MgAl layered double hydroxide and the Co2(OH)3 layered single hydroxide were selected as hosts, and various synthetic approaches were explored to achieve the formation of the zein-layered hydroxide biohybrids, profiting from the presence of negatively charged groups in zein in basic medium. Zein-based layered hydroxide biohybrids were characterized by diverse physicochemical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), solid state 13C cross-polarization magical angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP-MAS NMR), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), etc., which suggest that the different synthesis procedures employed and the anion located in the interlayer region of the inorganic host material seem to have a strong influence on the final features of the biohybrids, resulting in mixed, single intercalated, or highly exfoliated intercalated phases. Thus, the resulting biohybrids based on zein and layered hydroxides could have interest in applications in biomedicine, biosensing, materials for electronic devices, catalysis, and photocatalysis.

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12

ANBARASAN, R., B. BARSANA BANU, M. INIGO, N. SHARMILA BANU, R. JEGADHEESWARI, T. JAYALAKSHMI, and V. DHANALAKSHMI. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATIONS OF Al(OH)3 AND Mg(OH)2 IN THE PRESENCE OF POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL)." International Journal of Nanoscience 08, no. 04n05 (August 2009): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x0900633x.

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Nanosized metal hydroxides are synthesized in the presence of Poly(vinyl alcohol). Polymer controls the size and growth of the nanometal hydroxides. PVA-assisted synthesis of metal hydroxides is characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, and HRTEM methods. This method of synthesis is an eco-friendly and economically viable method.

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13

Plotnikov, V. I., and V. I. Bannykh. "Sorption of thorium with metal hydroxides." Radiochemistry 46, no. 5 (September 2004): 481–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11137-005-0015-8.

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14

Zhao, Yajun, Tao Sun, Qing Yin, Jian Zhang, Shuoxiao Zhang, Jianeng Luo, Hong Yan, Lirong Zheng, Jingbin Han, and Min Wei. "Discovery of a new intercalation-type anode for high-performance sodium ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 25 (2019): 15371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta03753e.

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A CoFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) pillared by nitrates as an anode for sodium ion batteries exhibits high capacity with excellent cycling stability. An exceptional intercalation/de-intercalation mechanism for Na⁺ storage has been revealed in metal hydroxides, rather than the routinely believed conversion reaction presenting in lithium ion batteries.

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15

Jiang, Yi-Fan, Nan Jiang, Kuang Liang, Cheng-Zong Yuan, Xiao-Xiang Fang, and An-Wu Xu. "A simple and general route to prepare functional mesoporous double-metal oxy(hydroxide)." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 13 (2019): 7932–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta10719j.

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We develop a simple and general solvothermal route to fabricate functional mesoporous double-metal oxy(hydroxides) with abundant oxygen vacancies through selective etching and topotactic transformation of metal hydroxides.

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16

Basak, Sergiusz, and Witold A. Charewicz. "Flotation of metal hydroxide precipitates. II. Flotation of zinc and cobalt hydroxides." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 36, no. 12 (April 24, 2007): 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.280361203.

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17

Taglieri, Giuliana, Valeria Daniele, and Ludovico Macera. "Synthesizing Alkaline Earth Metal Hydroxides Nanoparticles through an Innovative, Single-Step and Eco-Friendly Method." Solid State Phenomena 286 (January 2019): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.286.3.

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The objective of this paper is to introduce a patented and eco-friendly method to synthesize aqueous suspension of all types of alkaline-earth metal hydroxides nanoparticles (NPs). This method is based on an ion exchange process; the exchange takes place at ambient temperature/pressure, starts from cheap or renewable reagents and, in one single step, results in the creation of the crystalline desired nanoparticles in only a few minutes. In terms of structural and morphological features, the synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by means of XRD-Rietveld refinement, FTIR, and TEM. In particular, we obtained pure and crystalline magnesium and calcium hydroxide suspensions, showing the typical brucite crystal structure with a hexagonal lamellar morphology and dimensions generally <100 nm. With respect to the strontium and barium hydroxide suspensions, we observed different kinds of hydroxides (either anhydrous and hydrate forms), characterized by orthorhombic or monoclinic crystal lattices with rod-like nanostructured morphologies. Despite the different morphologies, all synthesized nanoparticles appear constituted by a superimposition of primary nanoparticles, of dimensions ranging from a few to 15 nm, correlated to the increase in the atomic number of the alkaline earth metal.

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18

Gurvich, L. V., G. A. Bergman, L. N. Gorokhov, V. S. Iorish, V. Ya Leonidov, and V. S. Yungman. "Thermodynamic Properties of Alkali Metal Hydroxides. Part 1. Lithium and Sodium Hydroxides." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 25, no. 4 (July 1996): 1211–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.555982.

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19

Karwowska, Malgorzata, Karol Fijalkowski, and Andrzej Czerwiński. "Corrosion of Hydrogen Storage Metal Alloy LaMm-Ni4.1Al0.3Mn0.4Co0.45 in the Aqueous Solutions of Alkali Metal Hydroxides." Materials 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 2423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122423.

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Corrosion of pristine AB5-type metal alloy LaMm-Ni4.1Al0.3Mn0.4Co0.45 in the aqueous solutions of alkali metal hydroxides of diverse composition and concentration was tested. Correlation was observed between the alloy corrosion intensity in various hydroxide solutions, and its electrochemical capacity in these electrolytes. Mm(OH)3, CoO(OH), and nickel metal aggregates were detected among the products of selective oxidation of the alloy. High intensity corrosion of the alloy was observed in RbOH and CsOH solutions leading to formation of ternary oxides at the surface of the alloy. Presence of rubidium and cesium ions in the electrolyte were found to create an additional driving force for lanthanides (La and Ce) to leave the lattice of the alloy, thus, enhancing its corrosion. Corrosion, together with mechanical degradation, were found to be the main reasons of deactivation of LaMm-Ni4.1Al0.3Mn0.4Co0.45 alloy upon elongated electrochemical treatment.

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20

Therese, G. Helen Annal, and P. Vishnu Kamath. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Metal Oxides and Hydroxides." Chemistry of Materials 12, no. 5 (May 2000): 1195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm990447a.

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21

Raju, G. Bhaskar, Allan Holmgren, and Willis Forsling. "Complexation Mechanism of Dextrin with Metal Hydroxides." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 200, no. 1 (April 1998): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1997.5332.

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22

Gurvich, L. V., G. A. Bergman, L. N. Gorokhov, V. S. Iorish, V. Ya Leonidov, and V. S. Yungman. "Thermodynamic Properties of Alkali Metal Hydroxides. Part II. Potassium, Rubidium, and Cesium Hydroxides." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 26, no. 4 (July 1997): 1031–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.555996.

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23

Askhadullin, Sergey R., and Viktor K. Milinchuk. "Generation of hydrogen by hydroheterogeneous compositions based on aluminum and alkali metals." Nuclear Energy and Technology 7, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.7.69178.

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The process of hydrogen formation and the associated risk of combustion and explosion is a complex problem concerned with the hydrogen and radiation safety of nuclear reactors. Lithium, potassium and sodium hydroxides are used in VVER reactors as corrective additives for keeping the hydrogen potential of the water coolant with boric acid at a controlled level of 5.8 to 10.3. In the process of investigating the interaction of aqueous solutions of the above hydroxides with aluminum, the most chemically active of these is lithium hydroxide; this reaction proceeds with hydrogen formed at a high rate at room temperature (in an exothermic mode). The processes of hydrogen generation in hydroheterogeneous compositions with potassium and sodium hydroxides proceed at an acceptable rate with heating to ~ 60 °C. The kinetics of hydrogen generation depends in a complex way on the content of boric acid, namely, the hydrogen yield is at a level of ~ 1000 ml at a low concentration of 0.01 to 0.05 g/l, and there is no hydrogen formation at a concentration of 0.6 g/l. According to the coolant quality standards, in the hot state of a VVER-1000 unit or in the reactor state at the minimum controlled power level, the total concentration of alkali metals is about 1 mg/dm3, i.e. two to three orders of magnitude as less as in the investigated compositions. The discovery of the influence of alkali metal hydroxides on the formation of hydrogen with the participation of structural materials based on the example of aluminum makes it possible to suggest that the hydroxides of these metals contained in the coolant in a small amount can also take part in the hydroheterogeneous process of formation of minor hydrogen amounts. The potential for hydrogen formation in such a way needs to be taken into account during long-term operation of nuclear reactors, and during accidents and incidents at NPPs

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24

Wang, Ying, Zhun Li, Yansheng Li, and Zhigang Liu. "Mg/Al double-metal hydroxide regeneration of anion exchange resin by electric field intensification." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 6 (December 20, 2016): 1309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.588.

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Fouled anion exchange resins were regenerated by electric field intensification of Mg/Al double-metal hydroxides. Regenerative experiments were performed with varying voltages (10–30 V) and dosages of Mg/Al hydroxides (0.045–0.135 mol and 0.015–0.045 mol, respectively) for 1–5 h. Optimal results were obtained under the following regenerative conditions: 20 V, 4 h, and 0.09/0.03 mol of Mg/Al hydroxides. The maximum regenerative capacity of resins was increased to 41.07%. The regenerative mechanism was presented by Fourier-transform infrared spectrum of resins and Mg/Al hydroxides, and the regenerative degree was analyzed with respect to conductivity, pH value, and electric current. Mg/Al hydroxides were also recycled after the regeneration. This method was proven to be cost-effective and environmentally friendly.

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25

Rong, Wen, Sarah Stepan, and Rodney D. L. Smith. "Evidence of Variations in Atomic Distribution in Disordered Mixed Metal Hydroxides." MRS Advances 4, no. 33-34 (2019): 1843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.325.

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ABSTRACTNumerous fabrication protocols are known to yield transition metal oxides with structures related to layered double hydroxides, but the effect of fabrication protocol on the uniformity of mixed-metal compositions remain largely unexplored. We have analysed the apparent solubility limits and the structural implications of iron ions in nickel hydroxide lattices for materials prepared by four different fabrication protocols. Opposing shifts in the (100) and (001) reflection in powder X-ray diffraction results revealed a contraction of the nickel lattice upon successful incorporation of iron, with Ni-M distances exhibiting an apparently linear decrease with respect to iron content. This feature revealed the amount of iron incorporated into nickel-based materials to be dependent on fabrication protocol, varying from apparently negligible concentrations to over fifty atomic percent. The dependency of structure on fabrication protocols provides a handle to improve fundamental understanding of catalytically relevant coordination environments.

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26

Yong, Raymond N., Rosa Galvez-Cloutier, and Yuwaree Phadungchewit. "Selective sequential extraction analysis of heavy-metal retention in soil." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 30, no. 5 (October 1, 1993): 834–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t93-074.

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The selective sequential extraction method of analysis is used in this study to determine the distribution of heavy metals in some clay soils, to assist in evaluation of the role of the various clay soil solids (clay minerals, organics, amorphous materials, and carbonates) in heavy-metal retention capability as a function of acidity of the leachate. The chemical speciation model MINTEQ (metal speciation equilibrium model for surface and groundwater) is used to calculate the probable percent distribution of different species of heavy metals present in the leachate used. The selective sequential extraction method is based on the fact that different forms of heavy metals that are retained in soil (e.g., as oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, bound with organic matter) can be extracted selectively by using appropriate reagents. The results show that heavy metals can be retained in the four clay soils studied by several soil phases or mechanisms such as exchangeable, carbonate, hydroxide, and organic phases. The retention of heavy metals in any phase depends on soil solution pH, soil constituents, and the type of heavy metal. At high soil solution pH values, retention of heavy metal by precipitation mechanisms prevails, whereas at low soil solution pH, retention by cation exchange mechanisms becomes dominant. The results from the selective sequential extraction analysis support the conclusion of the significance of soil buffer capacity with regard to heavy-metal retention. The capacity of the soils to retain high amounts of heavy metals as they receive increasing amounts of acid (i.e., as the pH is reduced) depends directly on the soil initial pH values and on their buffer capacities. Key words : selective sequential analysis, exchangeable cations, heavy metals, equilibrium models, oxides.

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27

Prokkola, Hanna, Emma-Tuulia Nurmesniemi, and Ulla Lassi. "Removal of Metals by Sulphide Precipitation Using Na2S and HS−-Solution." ChemEngineering 4, no. 3 (September 4, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering4030051.

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Precipitation of metals as metal sulphides is a practical way to recover metals from mine water. Sulphide precipitation is useful since many metals are very sparingly soluble as sulphides. Precipitation is also pH dependent. This article investigates the precipitation of metals individually as sulphides and assesses which metals are precipitated as metal hydroxides by adjustment of the pH. The precipitation of different metals as sulphides was studied to determine the conditions under which the HS− solution from the sulphate reduction reaction could be used for precipitation. H2S gas and ionic HS− produced during anaerobic treatment could be recycled from the process to precipitate metals in acidic mine drainage (AMD) prior to anaerobic treatment (Biological sulphate reduction), thereby recovering several metals. Precipitation of metals with HS− was fast and produced fine precipitates. The pH of acid mine water is about 2–4, and it can be adjusted to pH 5.5 before sulphide precipitation, while the precipitation, on the other hand, requires a sulphide solution with pH at 8 and the sulphide in HS− form. This prevents H2S formation and mitigates the risk posed from the evaporation of toxic hydrogen sulphur gas. This is a lower increase than is required for hydroxide precipitation, in which pH is typically raised to approximately nine. After precipitation, metal concentrations ranged from 1 to 30 μg/L.

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Mamat, Mazidah, Tei Tagg, Wan Mohd Khairul, Mohd Aidil Adhha Abdullah, Norhayati Mohd Tahir, Zaemah Jubri, and Rosazlinnani A. As'ari. "Behavior of Layered Double Hydroxides Having Different Divalent Transition Metal Groups." Applied Mechanics and Materials 563 (May 2014): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.563.94.

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The layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with different divalent transition metal groups and nitrate as a counter anion were investigated. Three d-block divalent metals namely cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) were selected. The cobalt/aluminium (CoAN)-, nickel/aluminium (NiAN)- and copper/aluminium (CuAN)-layered double hydroxides were successfully synthesized via co-precipitation method. All the obtained LDHs were characterized by PXRD, FT-IR, ICP-OES, CHNS and TGA/DTG analysis. Interestingly, behavior of the LDHs was dependent on the size of divalent cations. PXRD showed the basal spacing decrease in the order NiAN (0.88nm)> CuAN (0.87nm) > CoAN (0.74nm), and in a linear correlation with the increasing radii of the divalent cations. Similar trend is observed for the weight loss of LDHs, where NiAN has the highest weight loss (53%), followed by CuAN (43%) and CoAN (34%). Further elemental analysis showed the content of trivalent metal cations, nitrate anions and water molecules in the LDHs decrease with the increasing radii.

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Cao, Yali, Lang Liu, Dienzeng Jia, and Ding Quan Xiao. "Rapid Synthesis of Zinc Oxide and Lead Oxide Nanorods by One-Step Solid-State Reaction Methods at Ambient Conditions." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 3579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.3579.

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A simple and facilitate method was reported to synthesize zinc oxide and lead oxide nanorods. Two metal oxides nanorods were directly obtained from grinding solid metallic salts and sodium hydroxide in agate mortar with the assistance of a suitable surfactant in only one step, which is different from the results of hydroxides in solution. The as-prepared products were characterized by XRD, TEM and SEM. An explanation describing possible mechanism for the rod-formation is given.

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30

Richardson, Ian. "Crystal chemistry of layered single and double hydroxides." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331409768x.

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Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are derived from layered single hydroxides by the substitution of a fraction (x) of the divalent metal cations by trivalent cations, with the charge balanced by anions in the space between the main hydroxide layers. LDH phases can have a range of metal cations and interlayer anions and the value of x can vary quite widely. Straightforward crystal-chemical and geometrical reasoning has resulted in new yet fundamental information about these phases [1, 2]. In particular: (1) It is now possible to calculate x from the `a' parameter of the unit cell or vice versa (whichever is known with the most confidence) for LDH phases that are based on Mg, Ni, Zn or Co; (2) The phase at x = 0 is shown to be an alpha form of M(OH)2 rather than the beta polymorph; (3) The extent to which the metal-oxygen octahedra in the main layer of LDH phases are squashed is now known to be independent of the type of the interlayer anions or the type of trivalent ion, which also has no substantial effect on the reduction in layer spacing that occurs as x increases; (4) It is now easy to create reliable structural models for hydrotalcite- and takovite-type LDH phases that have any trivalent ion (or ions) and any value of x; (5) The ordered distributions of trivalent cations that are possible in LDH phases have been clarified and a plausible explanation provided for the observed variation in the lower solid-solution limit [3]; (6) A reliable model for the crystal structure of beta-Zn(OH)2.

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31

Senna, Mamoru. "Atomic Processes during Mechanical Compounding with Metal Hydroxides." Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials 2-6 (July 1999): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jmnm.2-6.167.

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32

Datiy, K. A., E. N. Zyuzykina, A. N. Popova, Yu A. Zaharov, V. M. Pugachev, and V. G. Dodonov. "Nanopowders of mixed mutual hydroxides of 3d-metal." Letters on Materials 5, no. 1 (2015): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22226/2410-3535-2015-1-105-109.

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33

Senna, Mamoru. "Atomic Processes during Mechanical Compounding with Metal Hydroxides." Materials Science Forum 312-314 (July 1999): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.312-314.167.

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34

Spaeth, M., K. D. Kreuer, Th Dippel, and J. Maier. "Proton transport phenomena in pure alkaline metal hydroxides." Solid State Ionics 97, no. 1-4 (May 1, 1997): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2738(97)00034-9.

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35

Vaes, Jan, Jan Fransaer, and Jean-Pierre Celis. "The Role of Metal Hydroxides in NiFe Deposition." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 147, no. 10 (2000): 3718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1393963.

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36

Dutta, Prabir K., and Daniel S. Robins. "Pyrene Sorption in Organic-Layered Double-Metal Hydroxides." Langmuir 10, no. 6 (June 1994): 1851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00018a039.

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37

Liang, Xuefeng, Yunbo Zang, Yingming Xu, Xin Tan, Wanguo Hou, Lin Wang, and Yuebing Sun. "Sorption of metal cations on layered double hydroxides." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 433 (September 2013): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.05.006.

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38

Kalkar, C. D., and N. L. Lala. "Lyoluminescence of luminol in aqueous alkaline metal hydroxides." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 166, no. 6 (December 1992): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02163528.

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39

Cheng, J. P., J. Zhang, and F. Liu. "Recent development of metal hydroxides as electrode material of electrochemical capacitors." RSC Adv. 4, no. 73 (2014): 38893–917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra06738j.

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GU, Lingzhu, Tianhang ZHANG, Kai ZHU, Daquan TANG, and Ke WU. "Effect of Various Metal Hydroxide Flame Retardants on the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder." Materials Science 25, no. 3 (June 12, 2019): 348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.21572.

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Metal hydroxide has been widely used as flame retardant to reduce the hazards of tunnel fire, however, few researches investigate its effect on the rheological properties of asphalt binder systemically. This study explores and compares the effect and mechanisms of magnesium hydroxide (MH), aluminium hydroxide (ATH), hydrated lime (HL), and layer double hydroxides (LDHs) on the rutting resistance, anti-aging resistance, as well as the thermal cracking resistance of asphalt binder. Rotational viscosity (RV) test, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test, and bending beam rheometer (BBR) test are involved in the project. Test results indicate: (1) the addition of metal hydroxide generally improves the rutting resistance of asphalt binder during high temperatures due to the typical filler effect, while weakens the resistance to thermal cracking of binder at low temperatures because of the stress concentration; (2) HL and LDHs enhance the anti-aging resistance of asphalt binder; (3) LDHs modified binder, which is proved with better rheological properties, including great rutting resistance, anti-aging resistance and passable resistance to thermal cracking, is recommended for further use. However, the high procurement price is still a big obstacle for its wider application. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.21572

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Sathiyanarayanan, K., and V. Sathesh. "Direct Chemo-, Regio-, and Diastereoselective Synthesis of β-Keto Ethers from Acrylonitrile by Cascade Aldol/Oxo-Michael Reaction with Cyclododecanone." Synlett 28, no. 11 (April 11, 2017): 1331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1558975.

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This paper describes the utility of mild metal hydroxides for the catalytic chemo-, regio-, and diastereoselective transformation of cyclododecanone into β-keto ethers through a cascade aldol/oxo-Michael reaction. The choice of acrylonitrile as a co-reactant is critical in achieving chain extension in the C–C bond-formation reaction. Metal hydroxides are effective catalysts for delivering a single product in a high yield (≤86%), and with excellent diastereoselectivity (≤95:5) under solvent-free conditions.

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Naseem, Sajid, Bianca Gevers, Regine Boldt, Frederick J. W. J. Labuschagné, and Andreas Leuteritz. "Comparison of transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) containing tri-metal layered double hydroxides (LDHs) prepared by urea hydrolysis." RSC Advances 9, no. 6 (2019): 3030–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra10165e.

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Haas, Savannah, Vanessa Boschi, and Amanda Grannas. "Metal sorption studies biased by filtration of insoluble metal oxides and hydroxides." Science of The Total Environment 646 (January 2019): 1433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.419.

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Jamshidi, Edris, and Faranak Manteghi. "Methyl Orange Adsorption by Fe2O3@Co-Al-Layered Double Hydroxide." Proceedings 41, no. 1 (January 26, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-23-06617.

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A magnetic composite consisting of iron oxide and a cobalt–aluminum-layered double hydroxide, Fe2O3@Co-Al-layered double hydroxide was prepared through linking of Fe2O3 to Co-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) by sodium acetate. Layered double hydroxides are generally described as [M2+1–xM3+x(OH)2] [An–x/n·mH2O], where M2+ and M3+ are divalent and trivalent metal cations, respectively, and A is an n-valent interlayer guest anion. The composite was characterized by XRD, FTIR and UV-Vis. spectroscopy methods. Afterwards, the composite was used for methyl-orange adsorption in aqueous solution. The UV–Vis spectrum indicates that the adsorption process was satisfying. In effect, after several washings of the composite, no decrease of the adsorption capacity was observed.

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Zhou, Yao, Jiande Chen, Jun-Tao Li, Zhi-Bin Lin, and Shi-Gang Sun. "Onion-like metal–organic colloidosomes from counterion-induced self-assembly of anionic surfactants." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 29 (2018): 14091–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta04057e.

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Interactions between the anionic surfactant SDBS and transition metal cations lead to onion-like concentrically multishelled assemblies, which could be transformed into various multishelled or layered metal hydroxides.

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Vidhya, M. Sangeetha, G. Ravi, R. Yuvakkumar, Dhayalan Velauthapillai, M. Thambidurai, Cuong Dang, and B. Saravanakumar. "Nickel–cobalt hydroxide: a positive electrode for supercapacitor applications." RSC Advances 10, no. 33 (2020): 19410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra01890b.

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47

Salgansky, E. A., D. N. Podlesniy, M. V. Tsvetkov, and A. Yu Zaichenko. "Thermodynamically Equilibrium Compositions of the Products Formed During the Filtration Combustion of the Metal-Containing Mixtures." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 22, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj998.

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Thermodynamic calculations for describing the compositions of the products formed in conditions of the filtration combustion of the metal-containing mixtures were carried out. The analysis of the equilibrium compositions of the products was carried out using the TERRA high-temperature thermochemical equilibrium calculation program. According to the results of calculations, the metals were divided into two groups. First one forms both the condensed and gaseous phases and in the second one ‒ metals that are only in the condensed phase. In case of the presence of metal compounds in the gas phase, as a rule, these are the following compounds: metals, oxides, hydroxides, hydrides, sulfides and metal sulfates. Metals of the second group cannot be subjected to mass transfer under conditions of the filtration combustion wave and will remain in solid combustion products (in ash).

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48

Shaffer, O. L., V. Stanislawczyk, and M. S. El-Aasser. "The staining of carboxylated latex with cesium hydroxide." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 426–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100175260.

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Various staining techniques of polymers have been developed for transmission electron microscopy. The ability to diferentiate polymer phases is crucial in the understanding latex particle morphology. A new technique has been developed to study the acidic groups on the surface as well as in the interior of acrylic latex particles.A 2% aqueous solution of cesium hydroxide(CsOH) is used as a swelling and staining agent. The alkali metal hydroxides are the most basic of all the hydroxides and CsOH is the strongest base in the group. A drop of latex is diluted in 1 to 2 cc of freshly prepared 2% aqueous CsOH. A drop of the dispersion is placed on a 200 mesh formvar-carbon coated copper TEM grid. Most of the drop is removed with filter paper leaving a thin film of the dispersion. The grid is then positioned in a Philips cold stage which is filled with liquid nitrogen after placement in a Philips 400 TEM.

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Wu, Bin, Zhi Yi Huang, and Kai Zhu. "Investigation on the Combustion Process and Flame Retardant Performance of Asphalt with Metal Hydroxides." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.749.

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The combustion performance of adding different metal hydroxide flame retardants in asphalt was investigated by the limit oxygen index test, and the flame retardant process of hydroxide flame retardant was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide all play positive roles on flame retardancy of asphalt. Aluminum hydroxide has the best effect on flame retardation; calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide show similar flame retardation. The temperature range of the decomposition of different metal hydroxide was different. Aluminum hydroxide has the lowest decomposition temperature, while calcium hydroxide has the highest decomposition temperature. Barrier layer composed of metal oxides is formed after the decomposition of flame retardant , which can prevent the further burning of asphalt.

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Radha, A. V., and P. Vishnu Kamath. "Aging of trivalent metal hydroxide/oxide gels in divalent metal salt solutions: Mechanism of formation of layered double hydroxides (LDHs)." Bulletin of Materials Science 26, no. 7 (December 2003): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02706760.

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