Journal articles: 'Metal flexibles'

1

Wang, T., H. Ye, and P. Groche. "Leichtbauprofile durch flexibles Rollsicken*/Lightweight profiles by flexible roller beading – A novel forming technology for the production of sheet metal profiles with variable cross-sections." wt Werkstattstechnik online 109, no. 10 (2019): 727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2019-10-31.

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Im Sinne des Wandels der konventionellen Massenproduktion hin zur seriellen Maßanfertigung wurde das Verfahren „Flexibles Rollsicken“ entwickelt, welches die kontinuierliche Fertigung von Profilen mit veränderlicher Höhe erlaubt. Im Folgenden werden die Funktionsweise und Auslegungskriterien dieses neuartigen Umformverfahrens erläutert. Des Weiteren wird gezeigt, wie der Einsatz von durch flexibles Rollsicken hergestellten Halbzeugen die Umformgrenzen in nachgeschalteten Prozessen erweitern kann.   In the spirit of the change from conventional mass production to mass customization, the process “flexible roller beading” has been developed, which enables the continuous production of profiles with variable height. The following explains the operating principle and process design criteria. Furthermore, it is shown how the use of semi-finished products produced by flexible roller beading can expand the forming limits in downstream processes.

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Li Haoyu, 李昊昱, 张承君 Zhang Chengjun, 杨青 Yang Qing, 侯洵 Hou Xun, and 陈烽 Chen Feng. "激光制备液态金属基柔性电子及其应用." Chinese Journal of Lasers 49, no. 10 (2022): 1002505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl202249.1002505.

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Liang, Suqing, Yaoyao Li, Yuzhen Chen, Jinbin Yang, Taipeng Zhu, Deyong Zhu, Chuanxin He, Yizhen Liu, Stephan Handschuh-Wang, and Xuechang Zhou. "Liquid metal sponges for mechanically durable, all-soft, electrical conductors." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 7 (2017): 1586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc05358k.

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Foremny, Katharina, Steven Nagels, Michaela Kreienmeyer, Theodor Doll, and Wim Deferme. "Biocompatibility Testing of Liquid Metal as an Interconnection Material for Flexible Implant Technology." Nanomaterials 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 3251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123251.

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Galinstan, a liquid metal at room temperature, is a promising material for use in flexible electronics. Since it has been successfully integrated in devices for external use, e.g., as stretchable electronic skin in tactile sensation, the possibility of using galinstan for flexible implant technology comes to mind. Usage of liquid metals in a flexible implant would reduce the risk of broken conductive pathways in the implants and therefore reduce the possibility of implant failure. However, the biocompatibility of the liquid metal under study, i.e., galinstan, has not been proven in state-of-the-art literature. Therefore, in this paper, a material combination of galinstan and silicone rubber is under investigation regarding the success of sterilization methods and to establish biocompatibility testing for an in vivo application. First cell biocompatibility tests (WST-1 assays) and cell toxicity tests (LDH assays) show promising results regarding biocompatibility. This work paves the way towards the successful integration of stretchable devices using liquid metals embedded in a silicone rubber encapsulant for flexible surface electro-cortical grid arrays and other flexible implants.

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Opel, Simon, Thomas Schneider, and Marion Merklein. "Manufacturing of Geared Sheet Metal Components Using Flexible Rolled Tailored Blanks." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 1459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.1459.

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Manufacturing of functional sheet metal products with integrated gear teeth by form-ing can be realised with the application of bulk forming operations on sheet metals. Due to the desired part geometry simultaneous 2D and 3D stress and strain states occur during the forming operations. The main challenges of sheet-bulk metal form-ing are high resulting forming forces and the demand on a specific control of the material flow. In addition, there is a distinctive interaction between blank thickness and resulting part quality. To meet these challenges at high material efficiency, the application of tailored blanks with a defined sheet thickness distribution is a promising way. The process adapted semi-finished used in the presented work are formed by a flexible rolling process. First of all, the forming concept for the realization of geared sheet metal components using flexible rolled tailored blanks is presented. Afterwards, the developed rolling machine to produce rotational symmetric tailored blanks is shown, as well as the fundamental process influences during rolling. Based on that, the development of suitable process strategies to produce tailored blanks with a thickened sheet edge is presented. The further processing of those tailored blanks for the realization of external geared sheet metal components will show the advantages compared to the application of conventional sheet metals of constant sheet thickness. Therefore the concept of a combined deep drawing and ironing process is presented. The results show, that on the one hand the material efficiency is increased in comparison to the usage of conventional sheets of the same maximum thickness. On the other hand, the application of flexible rolled tailored blanks improves the accuracy of shape of the gear teeth. Both approaches prove that the application of flexible rolled is an appropriate procedure to enhance the limits of using conventional sheet metals within sheet-bulk metal forming.

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Wang, Mao Lu, Li Jun Yang, and Yang Wang. "Investigation on the Mechanisms of Flexible Sheet Metal Forming Using Plasma Arc." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.93.

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An investigation on the mechanism of flexible sheet metal forming using plasma arc have been performed in this paper. The experimental results show that temperature gradient mechanism (TGM) is caused by a steep temperature gradient across the sheet metal thickness, which will generates bending towards the plasma arc, while buckling mechanism (BM) usually causes sheet metals to bend away from the plasma arc on the condition that the plasma arc diameter is large compared to the sheet metal thickness and the scanning speed is low. The strain-hardening effects and phase transformation effects were also conducted in the investigation, which can be of great significance for the micro hardness and deformation of sheet metal in the heated area. The investigation reveals the mechanisms of sheet metal forming using plasma arc, and provides theoretical foundation for its industry application.

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Cha, Wu-Shin, Junsik Lee, Malkeshkumar Patel, Kibum Lee, and Joondong Kim. "Flexible and Transparent Heater with Oxide/Metal/Oxide Structure." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 72, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2023.72.1.87.

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Watson, Trystan, Gavin Reynolds, David Wragg, Geraint Williams, and David Worsley. "Corrosion Monitoring of Flexible Metallic Substrates for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/791438.

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Two techniques for monitoring corrosion within a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) system are presented, which enable continuous, high sensitivity, in situ measurement of electrolyte breakdown associated with DSCs fabricated on metals. The first method uses UV/Vis reflectance spectrophotometry in conjunction with encapsulation cells, which incorporate a 25 μm thick electrolyte layer, to provide highly resolved triiodide absorption data. The second method uses digital image capture to extract colour intensity data. Whilst the two methods provide very similar kinetic data on corrosion, the photographic method has the advantage that it can be used to image multiple samples in large arrays for rapid screening and is also relatively low cost. This work shows that the triiodide electrolyte attacks most metals that might be used for structural applications. Even a corrosion resistant metal, such as aluminium, can be induced to corrode through surface abrasion. This result should be set in the context with the finding reported here that certain nitrogen containing heterocyclics used in the electrolyte to enhance performance also act as corrosion inhibitors with significant stabilization for metals such as iron. These new techniques will be important tools to help develop corrosion resistant metal surfaces and corrosion inhibiting electrolytes for use in industrial scale devices.

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Ankin, A. V., and A. S. Adeev. "Experience and prospect of development and approbation of combined machining of non-rigid shafts." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 3, no. 2 (January 20, 2009): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-69615.

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The paper examines the dimension making procedure for combined cutting-deforming part process of flexible shafts. The best way to remove the flexibly-restored metal is to use the tools with zero cutting rim. In terms of micro geometry of the part surface the cross-section of cutter plate influences the cross-section of the surface.

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Pfisterer, J., K. Steinmair, and G. Schmidberger. "FCF - Flexible production of profiles and sections without tool change." Revue de Métallurgie 99, no. 7-8 (July 2002): 671–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal:2002195.

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11

Melcher, Jordan, Kareem Elassy, Richard Ordonez, Cody Hayashi, Aaron Ohta, and David Garmire. "Spray-On Liquid-Metal Electrodes for Graphene Field-Effect Transistors." Micromachines 10, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10010054.

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Advancements in flexible circuit interconnects are critical for widespread adoption of flexible electronics. Non-toxic liquid-metals offer a viable solution for flexible electrodes due to deformability and low bulk resistivity. However, fabrication processes utilizing liquid-metals suffer from high complexity, low throughput, and significant production cost. Our team utilized an inexpensive spray-on stencil technique to deposit liquid-metal Galinstan electrodes in top-gated graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs). The electrode stencils were patterned using an automated vinyl cutter and positioned directly onto chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene transferred to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. Our spray-on method exhibited a throughput of 28 transistors in under five minutes on the same graphene sample, with a 96% yield for all devices down to a channel length of 50 μm. The fabricated transistors possess hole and electron mobilities of 663.5 cm2/(V·s) and 689.9 cm2/(V·s), respectively, and support a simple and effective method of developing high-yield flexible electronics.

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Vodianitsky, Yu. "THE CONCEPT OF A FLEXIBLE APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE APPROXIMATE ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS AND METALLOIDS IN SOIL." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 67 (June 30, 2011): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2011-67-49-66.

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In Russia, as a tentatively permissible concentration (ODK) use fixed concentrations of heavy metals/metalloids. Proposed in 1987 by SanPiN and the principle of flexibility developed in the Netherlands in 1997 к The assessment of the CST*, addresses many of the disadvantages of a fixed CST, as it is based on the sum of the local background metal content and the maximum allowable additive.At this stage, the flexible approach does not take into account all of the following of the pollutant's behavior in the soil, although the transition from concepts of fixed standards to the flexible is to move in the right direction. The development of a flexible approach is proposed to the assessment of the UEC, taking into account the inert fraction of the pollutant. Examples have shown that soil contamination with heavy metals is in some cases significantly higher in the assessment using the flexible criterion of the UEC. The application of the flexible UEC** criteria, taking into account the inert fraction in the soil, will be possible after the improvement of the system of chemical extraction of highly contaminated soils.

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13

Liu, Wenwen, Yanfeng Feng, Tingsong Yang, Fengshan Du, and Jingna Sun. "Research on flexible roll profile electromagnetic control technology in precision rolling mill." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 1 (December 14, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018013.

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To obtain a better strip shape control method, this paper proposes roll profile electromagnetic control technology (RPECT) based on induction heating technology and the principle of metal thermal expansion. Using the thermally driven and internal constraint mechanism of the electromagnetic stick, the technology innovatively converts the energy of induction heating into a thermodynamic hybrid power source, which achieves segmented micro-scale flexible roll profile adjustment and enhances the capacity for strip shape control. To research the technology, an electromagnetic control roll (ECR) with five control regions is built based on a ϕ560 × 2180 mm roll, and an electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical coupling model is established. Based on the model, the typical roll profile curves obtained by the ECR are researched, the strategy of increasing the growth rate of the roll crown is analysed, and the applications of RPECT in strip shape control and cold rolling are discussed. Finally, a roll profile electromagnetic control experiment platform is established to verify the model accuracy and feasibility of RPECT. The results show that RPECT can realize flexible roll profile adjustment and that the model has sufficiently high computational accuracy to research the roll profile of multi-segment RPECT.

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Bardáčová, Monika, Marína Maglovski, Zuzana Gregorová, Yevheniia Konotop, Miroslav Horník, Jana Moravčíková, Ján Kraic, Daniel Mihálik, and Ildikó Matušíková. "The Activity of Cell-Wall Modifying β-1,3-Glucanases in Soybean Grown in Presence of Heavy Metals." Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nbec-2016-0012.

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AbstractCell walls represent the first barrier that can prevent the entrance of toxic heavy metals into plants. The composition and the flexibility of the cell wall are regulated by different enzymes. The ß-1,3-glucanases control the degradation of the polysaccharide callose as a flexible regulation mechanism of cell wall permeability and/or its ability to bind metals under stress conditions. The profile and activity of ß-1,3-glucanases in the presence of heavy metals, however, has rarely been studied. Here we studied these enzymes in four soybean varieties (Glycine max) grown in the presence of cadmium ions. These analyses revealed three acidic and one basic enzyme isoforms in each soybean variety, but only two of the acidic isoforms in the variety Moravians were substantially responsive to the presence of Cd2+. Since the responses of certain glucanases were detected mainly in the varieties sensitive to metal and accumulating high amounts of metals, we assume their role in the defense rather than strategic metal sequestration.

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Rong, Ping, Shuai Ren, Jianchao Jiang, Qi Yu, Liyun Jiang, and Yonghong Zhang. "Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of Metal-Doped ZnO Nanofilms Grown on Graphene-Coated Flexible Substrates." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 14, 2020): 3589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163589.

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A series of metal element (Al, Fe, Mg and Ni)-doped ZnO (M-ZnO) photocatalysts have been successfully synthesized on graphene-coated polyethylene terephthalate (GPET) flexible substrate via the hydrothermal method. The effects of doped metals in ZnO were also studied on the crystal structure, morphology and photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic experiment results indicated that, compared with Al-, Mg- and Fe-ZnO/GPET photocatalysts under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, Ni-ZnO/GPET had better photocatalytic activity, and the degradation rate of methylene blue (MB) was 81.17%. Meanwhile, the mechanism of enhancing the photocatalytic activity of metal element-doped ZnO is also discussed. It is concluded that, after doping with metal elements, electrons and holes are prevented from recombination by trapping electrons of the ZnO/GPET conductive band, thereby improving the photocatalytic activity.

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Li, P. J., Y. W. Chen, A. T. Male, and Y. M. Zhang. "Flexible forming of sheet metal using a plasma arc." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 214, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405001517496.

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Conventional precision forming of sheet metal requires the use of mechanical tools. During product development, different tools may be required to form various shapes. If the required shapes can be formed without tools, the potential reduction in product development cost and lead time could be quite significant. To explore the potentials of flexible forming without tools, various researchers have used lasers as a heat source to form sheet metals. Promising results have been obtained. To investigate more economical and potentially safer heat sources, the authors recently established an experimental system to investigate the feasibility of forming sheet metals using a plasma arc as the energy beam and CO2 as the cooling jet. Several samples have been formed using the developed experimental system. Experiments have shown that the forming direction, either towards or away from the plasma arc beam, can be completely controlled to allow the formation of complex shapes.

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Zhang, Xue, Ho-Won Lee, Hyeonju Lee, Sungkeun Baang, and Jaehoon Park. "Semitransparent Thin-Film Dual-Metal Anode for Red-Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 3785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19226.

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Semitransparent dual-metal electrodes comprising several thin layers of metals, such as Ni, Ag, Cu, and Al, were developed for designing flexible red-phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The said diodes were fabricated by first depositing a Ni layer on four glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates each to facilitate adhesion with glass and a flexible PET substrate. Subsequently, a conductive layer of Ni, Ag, Cu, and Al was stacked atop the first Ni layer on the four glass and PET substrates each, respectively. The proof of principles has been employed to demonstrate the performance potential via optical, physical, and electrical analyses of dual-as well as single-metal layers prior to device realization. In addition, their electrical and optical characteristics were compared against those of In-Sn-oxide-based OLEDs to demonstrate their potential with regard to application flexibility.

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Mitropoulos, Alexander, F. Burpo, Chi Nguyen, Enoch Nagelli, Madeline Ryu, Jenny Wang, R. Sims, Kamil Woronowicz, and J. Wickiser. "Noble Metal Composite Porous Silk Fibroin Aerogel Fibers." Materials 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12060894.

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Nobel metal composite aerogel fibers made from flexible and porous biopolymers offer a wide range of applications, such as in catalysis and sensing, by functionalizing the nanostructure. However, producing these composite aerogels in a defined shape is challenging for many protein-based biopolymers, especially ones that are not fibrous proteins. Here, we present the synthesis of silk fibroin composite aerogel fibers up to 2 cm in length and a diameter of ~300 μm decorated with noble metal nanoparticles. Lyophilized silk fibroin dissolved in hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) was cast in silicon tubes and physically crosslinked with ethanol to produce porous silk gels. Composite silk aerogel fibers with noble metals were created by equilibrating the gels in noble metal salt solutions reduced with sodium borohydride, followed by supercritical drying. These porous aerogel fibers provide a platform for incorporating noble metals into silk fibroin materials, while also providing a new method to produce porous silk fibers. Noble metal silk aerogel fibers can be used for biological sensing and energy storage applications.

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Schneemann, A., V. Bon, I. Schwedler, I. Senkovska, S. Kaskel, and R. A. Fischer. "Flexible metal–organic frameworks." Chem. Soc. Rev. 43, no. 16 (May 30, 2014): 6062–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00101j.

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Kim, Munho, Jung-Hun Seo, Zongfu Yu, Weidong Zhou, and Zhenqiang Ma. "Flexible germanium nanomembrane metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes." Applied Physics Letters 109, no. 5 (August 2016): 051105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4960460.

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Wang, Gaosheng, Yunhou Sun, Ao Zhang, Lei Zheng, Yuzheng Lv, Huajie Wu, and Yuanyou Yang. "Study on the Impact Resistance of Metal Flexible Net to Rock fall." Shock and Vibration 2020 (June 27, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9612405.

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Based on experiments and finite element analysis, the impact resistance of metal flexible net was studied, which can provide reference for the application of metal flexible net in rock fall protection. The oblique (30 degrees) impact experiment of metal flexible net was carried out, the corresponding finite element (FE) to the experiment was established, and the FE model was verified by simulation results to the experimental tests from three aspects: the deformation characteristics of metal flexible net, the time history curves of impact force on supporting ropes, and the maximum instantaneous impact force on supporting ropes. The FE models of metal flexible nets with inclination angles of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 degrees were established, and the impact resistance of metal flexible nets with different inclination angles was analyzed. The research shows that the metal flexible net with proper inclination can bounce the impact rock fall out of the safe area and prevent rock fall falling on the metal flexible net, thus realizing the self-cleaning function. When the inclination angle of the metal flexible net is 15, 30, and 45 degrees, respectively, the bounce effect after impact is better, the remaining height is improved, the protection width is improved obviously, and the impact force is reduced. Herein, the impact force of rock fall decreases most obviously at 45 degrees inclination, and the protective performance is relatively good.

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Peng, Hong-Jie, Jia-Qi Huang, and Qiang Zhang. "A review of flexible lithium–sulfur and analogous alkali metal–chalcogen rechargeable batteries." Chemical Society Reviews 46, no. 17 (2017): 5237–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00139h.

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This review summarizes recent progress in flexible Li–S and analogous alkali metal–chalcogen batteries, including flexible chalcogen cathodes, flexible alkali metal anodes, flexible solid-state electrolytes, and flexible battery prototypes.

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Carboni, A., and S. Buoro. "Operating results of the Danieli United flexible thin slab caster at Algoma Steel, Canada." Revue de Métallurgie 96, no. 4 (April 1999): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/199996040501.

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Feng, Yanfeng, Wenwen Liu, Tingsong Yang, Fengshan Du, and Jingna Sun. "A flexible electromagnetic control technique for interference adjustment in large-size sleeved backup rolls." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 4 (2019): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018122.

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Large-size sleeved backup rolls including the roll core and roll shell play a crucial role of supporting work rolls in the precision-rolling process. However, since the backup roll endures an unavoidable periodic force during the rolling process, the interference between its roll shell and roll core is correspondingly reduced, which leads to rolled strip defects or a decreased service life of the roll. To solve this problem, an interference electromagnetic control technique (IECT) was proposed for large-size sleeved backup rolls to freely regulate contact pressure between the roll core and roll shell using a thermally driven electromagnetic stick mounted inside the roll core, thereby adjusting the interference for large-size sleeved backup rolls. In this study, a finite element method (FEM) simulation of a ϕ1400 × 1420 mm size sleeved backup roll was built to demonstrate the effect of this technique by analysing contact pressure variations and roll profile curves of the backup roll at various heating times. According to the FEM model, the key parameters of the IECT including frequency and current density were optimized based on the simulation results. Compared with the conventional rolling process, the electromagnetic control method on the interference adjustment of the large-size sleeved backup roll is shown to be a possible alternative for a better strip shape with a much longer service life.

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Thaller, G., G. Djumlija, W. Gruber, N. Champion, and A. Marples. "VAI Steckel mill technology. Economical and flexible production of hot-rolled strip and plates." Revue de Métallurgie 102, no. 3 (March 2005): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal:2005136.

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Benbalit, Chahrazad, Eleonora Frau, Olivera Scheuber, and Silvia Schintke. "Metal-Free and Carbon-Free Flexible Self-Supporting Thin Film Electrodes." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 1264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.1264.

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Conductive polymers are promising for application in the medical and sport sectors, e.g. for thin wearable health monitoring systems. While many today’s electrodes contain either carbon or metals as electrically conductive filler materials, product design manufacturing has an increasing interest in the development of metal free and carbon free, purely polymer based electrode materials. While conducting polymers have generally rather low electrical conductivities compared to metals or carbon, they offer broad options for industrial processing, as well as for dedicated adjustments of final product properties and design aspect, such as colour, water repellence, or mechanical flexibility in addition to their electrical properties. The development of electrically conducting polymer blends, based on conductive polymers is thus timely and of high importance for the design of new attractive flexible electrodes. We have developed material formulation and processing techniques for the fabrication of self-supporting thin film electrodes based on polyaniline (PANI) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) blends. Electrical four-point probing was used to evaluate the electrode conductivity for different processing and fabrication techniques. Optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements corroborate the observed electrical conductivity obtained even at low PANI concentrations revealing the nanoscale material distribution within the blends. Our self-supporting thin film electrodes are flexible, smooth, and water repellent and were furthermore successfully tested under bending and upon storage over a period of several months. This opens new perspectives for the design of metal free and carbon free flexible electrodes for medical, health, and sports applications.

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Okamoto, Koichi, Kota Okura, Pangpang Wang, Sou Ryuzaki, and Kaoru Tamada. "Flexibly tunable surface plasmon resonance by strong mode coupling using a random metal nanohemisphere on mirror." Nanophotonics 9, no. 10 (July 4, 2020): 3409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0118.

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AbstractWe propose a unique random metal nanohemisphere on mirror (NHoM) structure to tune the surface plasmon (SP) resonance in a flexible manner. The SP resonance peak was split into two peaks owing to the strong coupling between the SP mode in the metal nanohemisphere and the mirror image mode generated in the metal substrate. This phenomenon is based on the fact that the strong coupling and the induced electromagnetic effects are similar to those pertaining to the Rabi splitting, Fano resonance, and electromagnetically induced transparency, thus providing quantum effect analogies. These phenomena have recently attracted increased attention and have been studied with nanocavities fabricated with top-down nanotechnologies. Compared with previous reports, NHoM structures can be fabricated in a much easier manner and are tunable in rather wider wavelength regions without nanofabrication technologies. The SP resonance peaks were enhanced, sharpened dramatically, and tuned flexibly, based on the optimization of the thickness of the spacer layer between the metal hemisphere and metal substrate. Experimental results were reproduced and were explained based on finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations. These phenomena have never been observed previously on similar nanosphere on mirror (NSoM) because nanohemispherical structures were required. The NHoM nanocavity structure has a quality factor >200 that is surprisingly high for the localized SP mode of nanoparticles. Flexible tuning of the SP resonance with the use of NHoM is envisaged to lead to the development of new applications and technologies in the field of plasmonics and nanophotonics.

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Förster, Jürgen. "Patterns of roof runoff contamination and their potential implications on practice and regulation of treatment and local infiltration." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 6 (March 1, 1996): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0079.

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Roof runoff water was sampled from an experimental roof system and from house roofs in the city of Bayreuth, Germany. Samples were analysed for organic micropollutants, heavy metals and sum parameters. The pollution level and the shape of the runoff profiles are dependent on the individual properties of the precipitation event and the roof, but patterns with high concentrations at the beginning of the event and a subsequent decrease (first flush effect) are very typical. For dissolved substances, the profile can often be well described by a negative exponential function. Metal surfaces on the roofs cause extreme runoff pollution with heavy metals (Cu, Zn) that constitutes an environmental hazard. It is concluded that there is a need for the development of flexible drainage strategies for surface runoff and that metal surfaces should be avoided on roofs.

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Wang, Zhong Jin, Bin Xian Yuan, and Jian Guang Liu. "Numerical Analysis of Coupled Finite Element with Meshfree in Bulging Process of Sheet Elastic Flexible-Die Forming." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 2054–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.2054.

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Sheet flexible-die forming processes have been playing a good application on sheet metal forming in the industry field. Because of the coupled deformation between sheet metal and flexible-die, it is necessary to utilize numerical simulation technology to analyze it. In this paper, a numerical analysis method for coupling the deformation of sheet metal and flexible-die is developed. The deformation of sheet metal is analyzed with finite element method (FEM) and the bulk deformation of flexible-die is analyzed with the Element free Galerkin method (EFGM). The sheet flexible-die bulging process is analyzed with the developed FEM-EFGM method. This paper proposes a suitable numerical method to analyze sheet flexible-die forming.

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Zhen, Jiao Jiao, Zhi Qing Hu, Zeng Ming Feng, and Jun Hui Cao. "Analysis of Flexible Roller Parameters Influences on Roll Forming of Three-Dimensional Parts." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.450.

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Roll forming is a well known bending process and sheet metals can only be machined into two-dimensional surfaces in traditional roll forming. While with more and more personalized demands, three-dimensional surfaces are widely required. Thus, flexible rollers are used to achieve three-dimensional surfaces. And in order to optimize experimental parameters and to predict experimental results, finite element method (FEM) is developed. In this paper the set-up of flexible roll-forming is described and the process of roll forming is simulated. Then the influences of forming parameters, such as the thickness and the roll velocity, on forming quality of the sheet metal in roll forming process are discussed. The results show that the analysis of flexible roller parameters is practical for the continuous and efficient forming of three-dimensional surfaces.

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Bag, A., M. K. Hota, S. Mallik, and C. K. Maiti. "Graphene oxide-based flexible metal–insulator–metal capacitors." Semiconductor Science and Technology 28, no. 5 (March 28, 2013): 055002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/28/5/055002.

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Domingo-Relloso, Arce, Maria Grau-Perez, Laisa Briongos-Figuero, Jose L. Gomez-Ariza, Tamara Garcia-Barrera, Antonio Dueñas-Laita, Jennifer F. Bobb, et al. "The association of urine metals and metal mixtures with cardiovascular incidence in an adult population from Spain: the Hortega Follow-Up Study." International Journal of Epidemiology 48, no. 6 (April 9, 2019): 1839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz061.

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Abstract Background The association of low-level exposure to metals and metal mixtures with cardiovascular incidence in the general population has rarely been studied. We flexibly evaluated the association of urinary metals and metal mixtures concentrations with cardiovascular diseases in a representative sample of a general population from Spain. Methods Urine antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn) were measured in 1171 adults without clinical cardiovascular diseases, who participated in the Hortega Study. Cox proportional hazard models were used for evaluating the association between single metals and cardiovascular incidence. We used a Probit extension of Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR-P) to handle metal mixtures in a survival setting. Results In single-metal models, the hazard ratios [confidence intervals (CIs)] of cardiovascular incidence, comparing the 80th to the 20th percentiles of metal distributions, were 1.35 (1.06, 1.72) for Cu, 1.43 (1.07, 1.90) for Zn, 1.51 (1.13, 2.03) for Sb, 1.46 (1.13, 1.88) for Cd, 1.64 (1.05, 2.58) for Cr and 1.31 (1.01, 1.71) for V. BKMR-P analysis was confirmatory of these findings, supporting that Cu, Zn, Sb, Cd, Cr and V are related to cardiovascular incidence in the presence of the other metals. Cd and Sb showed the highest posterior inclusion probabilities. Conclusions Urine Cu, Zn, Sb, Cd, Cr and V were independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk at levels relevant for the general population of Spain. Urine metals in the mixture were also jointly associated with cardiovascular incidence, with Cd and Sb being the most important components of the mixture.

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Liu, Junfeng, Haopeng Ma, Yong Yang, Weimin Yang, Zhiwei Jiao, and Yuan Yu. "Study on Direct Writing of Gallium Metal for the Flexible Sensor." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (October 6, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9980534.

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There is an urgent need for a simple and effective method to manufacture flexible sensors composed of liquid metal. Gallium (Ga) metal has become an ideal flexible conductive material due to its high conductivity, low melting point, and high flow characteristics. In this paper, liquid Ga metal is directly written on the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film through the driving mode of piston extrusion; then, the Ga metal wire is transferred and sealed with silica gel. The advantages of piston mode are studied, and the direct writing parameters of the liquid Ga metal, including extrusion speed, nozzle height, printing speed, and nozzle inner diameter, are systematically optimized. The flexible sensor based on the sealed liquid Ga metal has good resilience under the external load. This work provides a specific reference for direct writing of liquid Ga metal and its sealing technology for the flexible sensor.

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Gu, Weihua, Jianfeng Bai, Jue Dai, Chenglong Zhang, Wenyi Yuan, Jingwei Wang, Pengcheng Wang, and Xin Zhao. "Characterization of Extreme Acidophile Bacteria (Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans) Bioleaching Copper from Flexible PCB by ICP-AES." Journal of Spectroscopy 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/269351.

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In order to improve copper leaching efficiency from the flexible printed circuit board (PCB) byAcidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, it is necessary to quantitatively measure the bacteria bioleaching copper under extreme acidic condition from flexible PCB. The inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) is a very accurate way to analyze metals in solution; this paper investigated the optimal conditions for copper bioleaching byAcidithiobacillus ferrooxidansfrom flexible PCB through ICP-AES. The conditions included particle size of flexible PCB powder, quantity of flexible PCB powder, initial pH of culture medium, bacteria inoculation, bacteria activation time, and quantity of FeSO4·7H2O. Prior to ICP-AES measurement, culture solution was digested by aqua regia. The experimental results demonstrated that flexible PCB contained one main metal (copper); this was associated with the structure of flexible PCB. The optimization conditions were in 50 mL medium, flexible PCB 10 g/L, particle size of flexible PCB 0.42~0.84 mm, culture medium initial pH 2.5, bacteria inoculation 5%, bacteria activation time 5 d, and quantity of FeSO4·7H2O 30 g/L. Under the optimization condition, the leaching rate of copper was 90.10%, which was 42.4% higher than the blank group. For the ICP-AES determination, it reached a conclusion that the best corresponding wavelength (nm) of copper will be 224.7 (nm).

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Tran, Minh The Uyen, Thi Van Anh Duong, Huu Tri Nguyen, and Van Phuc Nguyen. "Study on Rubber-Pad Formation for Sheet Metal." Solid State Phenomena 330 (April 12, 2022): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-xh91jr.

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This article introduces four rubber-pad formation techniques for the pressing and drawing of components from thin sheet metals. The Guerin process is the simplest technique of rubber formation, which enables the production of shallow sheet metal parts with complex contours and bends. Free formation is another technique used to draw near-hemispherical shells using a rubber medium. Different bending processes can also be conducted using a rubber pad as a flexible die. Multipoint formation is applied to form complex three-dimensional sheet metal parts with discrete dies and rubber cushions. The fundamentals of these techniques as well as the influence of process parameters on the results are investigated in this paper

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Liu, Jin Hui, Wen Juan Xie, Sheng Bing Xiao, Wei Ling Zhao, and Jia Zhang. "On Formation and Estimation of Pores during Selective Laser Melting of Single-Phase Metal Powders." Advanced Materials Research 338 (September 2011): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.338.94.

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Porous metals are applied in many more fields than other porous materials. Pores in porous metal parts manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) should not be regarded as defects but favorable characters because they are the main composition of porous metal parts. Therefore, fully densification is not the only target in forming metal parts via SLM. The formation mechanism of pores in SLM is studied mathematically in this article, and mathematical model is built to describe the formation mechanism. It is concluded that the shape of pores and the porosity of parts are the function of SLM processing parameters and the diameter of powder particles. Pores can be controlled and estimated by adjusting processing parameters and the nature of forming materials. Porous metal parts produced by SLM can be applied in many more fields owing that SLM technology is flexible to change the shape of these part and the nature of materials.

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Neugebauer, Reimund, Verena Kräusel, and Alexander Graf. "Process Chains for Fibre Metal Laminates." Advanced Materials Research 1018 (September 2014): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1018.285.

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The combination of fibre-reinforced materials with metals is defined as a fibre metal laminate. These material composites have already been a subject of research for several years. The long manufacturing time resulting from the period required for consolidation of the thermosetting resin is a major disadvantage of the fibre metal laminates previously in use (for instance GLARE, which is a combination of aluminium with glass fibre-reinforced plastic). In this paper, a new fibre metal laminate with a thermoplastic resin in the carbon fibre-reinforced plastics (CFRP) is introduced. The application of a thermoplastic resin system results in a general change in the process chain. The cutting of fibre metal laminates by means of the flexible water jet and laser cutting techniques is presented. In the second operation, forming behaviour is represented by the methods of v-bending and deep drawing. Finally, quality assurance by means of computed tomography, which replaces the conventional metallographic method, is described.

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Kimapong, Kittipong, and Surat Triwanapong. "Influence of Gas Metal Arc Welding Parameter on Lap Joint Properties of SS400 Carbon Steel and SUS304 Stainless Steel." Key Engineering Materials 789 (November 2018): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.789.110.

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SS400/SUS304 steels lap joint was applied in various industries due to flexible andbeneficial properties of these dissimilar metals joint. Therefore, an investigation for optimization ofa gas metal arc welding (GMAW) for producing the dissimilar metal lap joint should be conductedfor advancing the manufacturing industries. This research applied GMAW with various currents andspeeds to weld SS400/SUS304 lap joint and studied the relationship between the parameters andresuted joint properties. The experiment showed that an increase in the wedling current and a decreasein the welding speed affected to increase the fracture strength, the displacement of the lap joint, andthe joint hardness due to high combination of the materials at the joint interface. The uncombinedmaterials at the carbon steel/weld metal interface had the different hardness and resulted to initiatethe crack that then was propergated until the joint was broken. The weld metal showed the formationof the finer and smaller dendrite structure with increasing the welding current and decreasing thewelding speed.

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Piekny, Jeanette, Tamara Thomsen, Kirsten Schuchardt, Nora Lessing, Werner Greve, and Claudia Mähler. "Kognitive Kompetenzen und kognitive Bewältigungsstrategien im Vor- und Grundschulalter." Kindheit und Entwicklung 26, no. 1 (January 2017): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000214.

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Zusammenfassung. Das Ziel dieser Studie bestand darin, Erkenntnisse zu Bedingungen und Wechselwirkungen in der Entwicklung kognitiver Kompetenzen und Bewältigungsstrategien im Vor- und Grundschulalter zu gewinnen. Anhand eines längsschnittlichen Designs im Altersbereich von 5 bis10 Jahren wurde an einer Stichprobe von 198 Kindern untersucht, welche kognitiven Kompetenzen (Theory of Mind, Exekutive Funktionen, Intelligenz, Flexibles Hypothesenbilden) die Nutzungshäufigkeit von Bewältigungsstrategien (Akzeptanz, Positive Neubewertung, Relativieren, Positive Refokussierung) vorhersagen, und ob Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Flexiblen Hypothesenbilden und Bewältigungsstrategien im Grundschulalter bestehen. Pfadanalysen zeigten, dass kognitiv ausgerichtete Bewältigungsstrategien in Beziehung zum Flexiblen Hypothesenbilden stehen, während affektiv ausgerichtete Strategien keinen Zusammenhang zum Flexiblen Hypothesenbilden aufwiesen. Die Ergebnisse werden in Bezug auf Interventions- und Präventionsmöglichkeiten diskutiert.

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Richter, Karsten, Thoralf Gerstmann, Valentin Richter-Trummer, Antje Ahrens, Tina Abdolmohammadi, Matthias Nestler, Markus Werner, and Verena Kräusel. "Flexible Fertigung von Profilbauteilen ab Losgröße 1/Flexible production of profile components from batch size 1 – Robotic rollforming." wt Werkstattstechnik online 111, no. 10 (2021): 709–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2021-10-55.

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Konventionelle Blechumformtechnologien sind bei geringen Stückzahlen häufig unwirtschaftlich. Roboterbasiertes Rollformen ist ein inkrementelles Verfahren zur flexiblen Fertigung von Profilbauteilen ab Losgröße 1. Die Umformung erfolgt mit einem Rollenkopf, der durch einen Roboterarm zugestellt und über das Werkstück bewegt wird. Durch die kinematische Gestalterzeugung können Werkzeugkosten gesenkt und kleine bis mittlere Stückzahlen wirtschaftlich gefertigt werden.   Conventional sheet metal forming technologies are often uneconomical for low production volumes. Robotic roll forming is an incremental process for the flexible production of profile components. The forming is performed with a roller head, which is actuated by a robot arm. Due to the kinematic process characteristics, tooling costs can be reduced and small-to-medium quantities can be produced economically.

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Elassy, Akau, Shiroma, Seo, and Ohta. "Low-Cost Rapid Fabrication of Conformal Liquid-Metal Patterns." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (April 15, 2019): 1565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081565.

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Patterned conformal conductive structures are used to realize flexible electronics for applications such as electronic skin, communication devices, and sensors. Thus, there is a demand for low-cost rapid fabrication techniques for flexible and stretchable conductors. Spray-coating of liquid metals is a prototyping method that is compatible with elastic substrates. In this work, UV-curable and polyimide masks were used to pattern sprayed liquid metal (LM). The effect of the spraying parameters on the thickness and conductivity of the LM was characterized. A minimum LM linewidth of 48 µm was achieved, along with a minimum gap width of 34 µm. A LM patch antenna and transmission line, which can potentially be used for communication systems, were demonstrated using this fabrication process.

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Hui, Chi-yuen, Chi-wai Kan, Chee-leung Mak, and Kam-hong Chau. "Flexible Energy Storage System—An Introductory Review of Textile-Based Flexible Supercapacitors." Processes 7, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7120922.

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Recently, researchers have become interested in exploring applications of rechargeable battery storage technology in different disciplines, which can help our daily life, such as textile-based supercapacitors. This paper briefly describes this development and classification of supercapacitors. Besides, various types of materials which are commonly used to prepare supercapacitors, such as carbons, metal oxides, alkaline earth metal salts and polymers, are introduced. Moreover, applications and methodology to prepare textile materials with supercapacitors are described. Finally, the commonly used non-destructive measuring methods for textile-based supercapacitors are also introduced.

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Mori, Akihisa, Ayumu Fukushima, Kazumasa Shiramoto, and Masahiro Fujita. "Underwater Explosive Welding Using Detonating Code." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.763.

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Detonating code, which is a flexible code with an explosive core, is normally used to transmit the ignition of explosives with high detonation velocity 6 km/s. Therefore it is difficult to use detonating code for the explosive welding of common metals toward the detonating direction since the welding velocity exceeds the sound velocity of metals. Hence, an explosive welding method using underwater shock wave generated by the detonation of detonating code was tried. In the present investigation, the details of the experimental setup and results are reported. And the welding conditions are discussed through numerical simulation. From these results it is observed that the above technique is suitable to weld thin metal plates with relatively less explosives.

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Mishra, Akshita, Soumen Saha, Chandan Kumar Jha, Vasudha Agrawal, Bhaskar Mitra, Abhisek Dixit, and Madhusudan Singh. "Solution-Processed Insulators for Flexible Metal-Insulator-Metal Structures." Journal of Electronic Materials 48, no. 5 (January 28, 2019): 3383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-019-06975-4.

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Muhr, A. H., and A. G. Thomas. "Flexible Rubber-Steel Sandwich Springs." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 62, no. 5 (November 1, 1989): 820–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536277.

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Abstract This novel form of spring has been developed to the point where the force-deflection behavior can be predicted with confidence from the known modulus of the rubber and the bending stiffness of the metal layers. Different geometries have been studied including three-point bend and cantilever configurations, with satisfactory agreement between theoretically predicted and experimentally measured stiffnesses. Dynamic behavior can be controlled by selection of the rubber compound. Depending on the geometry, the proportion of the deformation energy stored in the rubber itself, compared with the metal, can be varied, and this also influences, in a predictable manner, the overall damping characteristics of the spring. Epoxidized natural rubber, for instance, may be a candidate for the applications requiring higher damping. As the deflection of the spring is increased, a point is reached at which waves form in the metal layer that is under compression. This leads to a buckling of this layer and clearly limits the deformation which the spring can undergo. This important failure process has been studied experimentally and theoretically, and it is possible now to predict with some confidence the conditions under which it will occur. Fatigue failure under repeated stress has also been studied for a cantilever configuration. Lifetimes of over a million cycles were obtained with a range of samples, even when the deflection was close to that required to produce catastrophic buckling. However, for certain metal thicknesses, there is some indication that fatigue failure of the metal itself due to bending may become the dominant failure process. No failures either in the rubber or at the bond were observed.

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Sumboja, Afriyanti, Xiaoming Ge, Yun Zong, and Zhaolin Liu. "Progress in development of flexible metal–air batteries." Functional Materials Letters 09, no. 02 (April 2016): 1630001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604716300012.

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Flexible electronics has gained great interest in emerging wearable or rolling-up gadgets, such as foldable displays, electronic papers, and other personal multimedia devices. Subsequently, there is a need to develop energy storage devices that are pliable, inexpensive, and lightweight. Metal–air batteries have been identified as one of alternative energy storages for cost effective and high energy density applications. They offer cheaper production cost and higher energy density than most of the currently available battery technologies. Thus, they are promising candidates for flexible energy storage devices. Flexible metal–air batteries have to maintain their performances during various mechanical deformations. To date, efforts have been focused on fabricating flexible components for metal–air batteries. This review presents a brief introduction to the field, followed by progress on development of flexible electrolytes, electrodes, and prototype devices. Challenges and outlook towards the practical use of metal–air batteries are given in the last part.

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Jones, Corey L., Elizabeth A. Marsden, Adam C. Nevin, Benson M. Kariuki, Mohan M. Bhadbhade, Adam D. Martin, and Timothy L. Easun. "Investigating the geometrical preferences of a flexible benzimidazolone-based linker in the synthesis of coordination polymers." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 12 (December 2017): 171064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171064.

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A series of new group 2 coordination polymers, MgL ={MgL(H 2 O)(DMF) 0.75 } ∞ , CaL = {CaL(DMF) 2 } ∞ , SrL = {SrL(H 2 O) 0.5 } ∞ and BaL = {BaL(H 2 O) 0.5 } ∞ , were synthesized using a flexible benzimidazolone diacetic acid linker ( H 2 L ) in which the two carboxylic acid binding sites are connected to a planar core via {–CH 2 –} spacers that can freely rotate in solution. In a ‘curiosity-led' diversion from group 2 metals, the first row transition metal salts Mn 2+ , Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ were also reacted with L to yield crystals of MnL = {MnL(DMF)(H 2 O) 3.33 } ∞ , Cu 3 L 2 = {Cu 3 L 2 (DMF) 2 (CHO 2 ) 2 } ∞ and ZnL = {ZnL(DMF)} ∞ . Crystal structures were obtained for all seven materials. All structures form as two-dimensional sheets and contain six-coordinate centres, with the exception of ZnL, which displays tetrahedrally coordinated metal centres, and Cu 3 L 2 , which contains square planar coordinated metal centres and Cu paddle-wheels. In each structure, the linker adopts one of two distinct conformations, with the carboxylate groups either cis or trans with respect to the planar core. All materials were also characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis.

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Sharma, Neha, Nitheesh M. Nair, Garikapati Nagasarvari, Debdutta Ray, and Parasuraman Swaminathan. "A review of silver nanowire-based composites for flexible electronic applications." Flexible and Printed Electronics 7, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 014009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ac5214.

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Abstract Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) have become a ubiquitous part of flexible electronic devices. The good electrical conductivity of silver, coupled with the excellent ductility and bendability exhibited by the wires make them ideal for flexible devices. Additionally, deposited films of Ag NWs are also found to be transparent due to the incomplete areal coverage of the wires. Thus, Ag NWs are widely used as transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) for flexible and wearable electronics, replacing the traditionally used metal oxide based TCEs. The properties and functionality of NWs can be further improved by forming composites with other materials. Composites have been synthesized by combining Ag NWs with metals, metal oxides, and polymers. Both dry- and wet-techniques have been used to synthesize and deposit these composites, which have unique structural, chemical, and functional properties leading to myriad applications. This review focuses on recent developments in the field of Ag NW-based composites. An overview of the various fabrication techniques is provided, with a particular focus on coating and printing techniques, which are widely used for depositing Ag NWs. The application of the composites in diverse fields is also discussed. While the most common application for these composites is as TCEs, they are also used in sensors (physical, chemical, and biological), displays, and energy-related applications. The structural and environmental stability of the composites is also discussed. Given the wide interest in the development of printed flexible electronic devices, new Ag NW-based composites and application areas can be expected to be developed going forward.

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Cambruzzi Dalló, Luíse, Paola Lamberty, Gabriela Mezzeti, Cristiane Krause Santin, Iara Janaína Fernandes, and Celso Peter. "Study of reaction conditions and substrate for the development of flexible antennas by the electroless method." Revista Liberato 21, no. 36 (December 18, 2020): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31514/rliberato.2020v21n36.p187.

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The method of surface coating, known as electroless, is based on the deposition of metals without the presence of an electric current, being an alternative for the deposition of metals using direct printing, thus avoiding the need to use photoresist to standardize the metal layer. The present work aims to study substrates, based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and their covering using the electroless technique. In this study, factors such as plasma, temperature and immersion time were investigated, when covering the surface, using a silver nitrate solution and a copper bath. The results showed that these factors interfere in obtaining a homogeneous coating with efficient conductivity. In addition, it is concluded that the electroless technique is a low-cost, fast and efficient method for coating flexible surfaces with metallic materials, being, therefore, very promising. Keywords: Electroless. Antenna. RFID.

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PRIOR, ANAT, and BRIAN MACWHINNEY. "A bilingual advantage in task switching." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 13, no. 2 (December 17, 2009): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728909990526.

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This study investigated the possibility that lifelong bilingualism may lead to enhanced efficiency in the ability to shift between mental sets. We compared the performance of monolingual and fluent bilingual college students in a task-switching paradigm. Bilinguals incurred reduced switching costs in the task-switching paradigm when compared with monolinguals, suggesting that lifelong experience in switching between languages may contribute to increased efficiency in the ability to shift flexibly between mental sets. On the other hand, bilinguals did not differ from monolinguals in the differential cost of performing mixed-task as opposed to single-task blocks. Together, these results indicate that bilingual advantages in executive function most likely extend beyond inhibition of competing responses, and encompass flexible mental shifting as well.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Metal flexibles'

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