Journal articles on the topic 'Metal canvas'

Peluang bisnis besi tua saat ini sangat menarik karena selain cara kerjanya mudah, sirkulasi uangnya juga sangat besar. Pertumbuhan bisnis ini seiring dengan tumbuhnya industri di K abupaten Karawang dimana bisnis besi tua merupakan turunan dari industri yang ada, khususnya industri metal dan otomotif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana konsep model bisnis pada bisnis besi tua PT. Putra Kemuning dengan menggunakan bisnis model kanvas yang mencakup sembilan blok yaitu value propositions, channels, customer relationships, customer segments, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partners, cost structure. Sembilan blok bisnis model kanvas ini juga dijadikan sebagai unit analisis dalam penelitian ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis domain. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model bisnis menggunakan model bisnis kanvas telah mendukung proses operasi bisnis besi tua di PT. Putra Kemuning sesuai dengan harapan. Kata kunci: Bisnis, Model Bisnis, Model Bisnis Kanvas, Bisnis Besi Tua Today's scrap metal business opportunity is very interesting because in addition to how it works easily, the circulation of money is also very large. The growth of this business is in line with the growth of industry in the Karawang Regency where the scrap metal business is a derivative of the existing industry, particularly the metal and automotive industries. The purpose of this study was to determine how the concept of the business model in the scrap metal business of PT. Putra Kemuning uses a canvas business model that includes nine blocks, namely value propositions, channels, customer relationships, customer segments, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partners, cost structures. The nine business blocks of the canvas model are also used as the unit of analysis in this study. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach to the type of case study research. The analysis technique used in this study is the domain analysis technique. The results of the study concluded that the business model using the canvas business model had supported the scrap metal business operations process at PT. Putra Kemuning in accordance with expectations. Keywords: Business, Business Model, Canvas Business Model, Scrap Metal Business

In Christoph Wetzel's 1988 painting, An Everyday Story, the divided canvas proudly depicts women's accomplishments in the German Democratic Republic (Figure 1). On one side, a woman operates a large piece of heavy machinery in a rolling mill, cool and competent behind the enormous mass of metal and gears. On the other side, the same woman helps her two children prepare for school in the morning. In the act of combing her daughter's hair, she looks out directly at the viewer, her expression asking: “And what are you surprised at?” This painting, displayed as part of a 1995 exposition on art commissioned by government agencies in the GDR, graphically displays that government's ideological commitment to women's paid labor, especially in jobs that, in capitalist societies, are often thought to be inappropriate for women.

In casting temperature Laquan silica sol crust process suitable for the production of surface roughness is small, precision high accuracy in size, and has become the mainstream technology has been widely used. Silicon sol casting with high dimensional accuracy, good surface quality and other advantages, is a widely used less advanced technology without cutting, using silica sol casting method can save a lot of machine equipment and processing time, but also greatly saves metal materials. Hard fiber sisal has high tensile strength, resistance to seawater immersion, friction resistance, flexibility and other characteristics, can be used for fishing, sailing, mining, transportation rope, canvas, waterproof cloth and other raw materials. The most commonly used binder in investment casting is silica gel solution (abbreviated as silica sol), such as ethyl silicate hydrolysate, water glass and silica sol.

Cultural Heritage is a crucial socioeconomic resource; yet, recurring degradation processes endanger its preservation. Serendipitous approaches in restoration practice need to be replaced by systematically addressing conservation issues through the development of advanced materials for the preservation of the artifacts. In the last few decades, materials and colloid science have provided valid solutions to counteract degradation, and we report here the main highlights in the formulation and application of materials and methodologies for the cleaning, protection and consolidation of works of art. Several types of artifacts are addressed, from murals to canvas paintings, metal objects, and paper artworks, comprising both classic and modern/contemporary art. Systems, such as nanoparticles, gels, nanostructured cleaning fluids, composites, and other functional materials, are reviewed. Future perspectives are also commented, outlining open issues and trends in this challenging and exciting field.

During the construction of bridges, special attention is paid to geometric parameters, one of the most important parameters of the rideable bed is the evenness of the bases and coatings. Geodetic works provide an integrated approach to solving the problem of controlling the flatness of the base layers, which includes: geodetic survey of the rideable canvas, verification of working documentation, control of the copying string, geometric control of the evenness of the laid asphalt concrete floor slab for the steel concrete span and bridge deck for a metal span structure. Various options for controlling the height position of a copier string and a laid asphalt concrete pavement (using trigonometric and geometric leveling) were reviewed and tested. A priori assessment of the accuracy of the measurement results for each of the methods for monitoring algebraic difference of elevations (amplitudes) was previously performed. The article proposes a combined approach to geodetic control at all stages of work on checking the evenness of the asphalt concrete pavement.

Fadi Yazigi’s exhibition Untitled creatively examines the effects of historical and political instabilities in his homeland over the last decade. Yazigi’s audience stands in the centre of an array of crafted exhibits that range from medium- to large-size everlasting bronze sculptures and brittle clay reliefs to figurative paintings decorating the surfaces of friable rice-paper canvas and fragile daily baked bread. The exhibition’s title is metaphorical: it embodies the ambiguities, inequalities and uncertainties in the daily lives of ordinary people in war-struck Syria. The ‘everyday use’ materiality of Yazigi’s craft assumes a form that reflects the complexities, contradictions and negotiations in the ‘trope of the everyday’ in the region and on a global scale. Yazigi’s work centres on people and human emotions with a nostalgic feeling towards the beings he meets. Yazigi smears oil, ink and acrylics as he employs techniques of drawing, painting, sculpting and moulding, using earth-sourced materials like paper, bread, soil and metal presenting the lives of ordinary people and their humane emotions.

AbstractCultural heritage objects and structures are subjected to a range of weathering processes that result in their decay and destruction. To slow weathering rates and/or mitigate their effects, several protective and consolidant materials have been used during conservation interventions. Treatments based on organic polymers and alkoxysilanes, as well as some traditional inorganic treatments such as lime water, are in many cases either incompatible and/or show limited efficacy. In recent years nanolimes, that is, dispersions of Ca(OH)2nanoparticles in alcohol (as well as alcohol dispersions of other alkaline-earth metal hydroxide nanoparticles), have emerged as an effective and compatible conservation material. Here we review recent advances in the synthesis and application of nanolimes in the field of heritage conservation. First, we present an overview of lime-based conservation materials, with an emphasis on the earliest reports on the use of nanolimes. Subsequently, we present the different methods used to synthesize nanolimes. Afterwards, we describe their carbonation and its consolidation effects. Practical application of nanolimes in heritage conservation are summarized, including consolidation of stone, ceramics, lime mortars and mural painting, as well as deacidification of paper, canvas, and wood. The advantages and limitations of this novel nanotechnology for cultural heritage conservation are outlined. Finally, some conclusions and areas for future research are presented.

<div style="left: 72.6818px; top: 320.383px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.912637);" data-canvas-width="406.23000000000013">Neuropsychiatric disorders rank high on the list of the most</div><div style="left: 72.6818px; top: 342.044px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.937152);" data-canvas-width="405.9900000000002">disabling medical disorders in both the developed and</div><div style="left: 72.6818px; top: 363.705px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.939248);" data-canvas-width="120.255">developing worlds.</div><div style="left: 192.942px; top: 364.458px; font-size: 8.58333px; font-family: sans-serif;">1</div><div style="left: 198.109px; top: 363.716px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.928421);" data-canvas-width="280.77">Significant comorbidity also exists between</div><div style="left: 72.6785px; top: 385.377px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.909013);" data-canvas-width="360.06">neuropsychiatric disorders and general medical disorders;</div><div style="left: 432.767px; top: 386.125px; font-size: 8.58333px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.96875);" data-canvas-width="7.75">2</div><div style="left: 440.636px; top: 385.383px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.87363);" data-canvas-width="38.265">this is</div><div style="left: 72.6863px; top: 407.044px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.916172);" data-canvas-width="406.18500000000006">key in the South African context where HIV/AIDS and substance</div><div style="left: 72.6863px; top: 428.705px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.890119);" data-canvas-width="225.66">use disorders are highly prevalent.</div><div style="left: 298.331px; top: 429.458px; font-size: 8.58333px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.99359);" data-canvas-width="12.916666666666668">3,4</div><div style="left: 311.247px; top: 428.716px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.886674);" data-canvas-width="167.67000000000002">It has therefore become</div><div style="left: 72.6872px; top: 450.377px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.907169);" data-canvas-width="406.16999999999996">essential to provide mental health services in a range of settings,</div><div style="left: 72.6872px; top: 472.038px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.896854);" data-canvas-width="406.23">including those that focus on the delivery of general medical</div><div style="left: 72.6872px; top: 493.699px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.953214);" data-canvas-width="406.26">services. Furthermore, the Mental Health Care Act 17 of 2002</div><div style="left: 72.6872px; top: 515.36px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.910761);" data-canvas-width="406.24500000000006">underlines the importance of providing integrated, accessible</div><div style="left: 72.6872px; top: 537.021px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.898383);" data-canvas-width="258.35999999999996">mental health care in the local community.</div>

<div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 560.329px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.890161);" data-canvas-width="54.285000000000004"><strong><br /></strong></div><div style="left: 135.026px; top: 560.329px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.878143);" data-canvas-width="332.05499999999995">Africa is a region where a demographic transition</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 583.658px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.923852);" data-canvas-width="386.355">from high child mortality and low life expectancy, to low</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 606.988px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.917491);" data-canvas-width="386.3250000000001">child mortality and high life expectancy is only just beginning.</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 630.317px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.90105);" data-canvas-width="386.325">Nevertheless, some countries already have a growing number</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 653.647px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.86776);" data-canvas-width="386.36999999999995">of persons over the age of 60 – a number that is likely to</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 676.976px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.910465);" data-canvas-width="386.29499999999985">increase rapidly. As a consequence, the number of older</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 700.306px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.856441);" data-canvas-width="386.355">persons with mental disorders is likely to increase. To better</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 723.635px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.876054);" data-canvas-width="386.3249999999999">understand the organisation of care for older persons, data</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 746.965px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.904425);" data-canvas-width="386.32499999999993">are being collected to reduce the imbalance between ‘disease</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 770.294px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.928667);" data-canvas-width="386.31">information’ and ‘resource information’ – information that</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 793.624px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.886607);" data-canvas-width="386.28">addresses older persons’ needs in terms of mental health care.</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 816.953px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.848252);" data-canvas-width="386.28">This review presents some results from the continent. Mental</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 840.283px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.891655);" data-canvas-width="386.2500000000001">health problems among older adults are still not a public health</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 863.612px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.911932);" data-canvas-width="386.3550000000001">priority in Africa, but careful examination of each country</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 886.942px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.890423);" data-canvas-width="386.325">nevertheless reveals certain specificities, such as divergent life</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 910.271px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.892481);" data-canvas-width="386.3550000000001">expectancy and different values regarding ageing. The authors</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 933.601px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.862913);" data-canvas-width="386.355">present some recommendations for the development of care</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 956.93px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.940383);" data-canvas-width="386.3249999999999">for old persons with mental disorders, based on the general</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 980.26px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.903367);" data-canvas-width="386.32499999999993">recommendations made by the World Health Organization</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 1003.59px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.961406);" data-canvas-width="386.3250000000001">(WHO) in the World Health Report 2001 (WHR 2001), and</div><div style="left: 80.7408px; top: 1026.92px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.928591);" data-canvas-width="386.325">by the WHO and the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) in</div>some consensus statements on psychiatry of the elderly.

The treatment guideline draws on several international guidelines: (<div style="left: 477.479px; top: 324.52px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif;">i</div><div style="left: 481.424px; top: 324.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.955);" data-canvas-width="8.595">)</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 344.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00294);" data-canvas-width="422.63399999999984">Practice Guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association (APA)</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 364.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.962449);" data-canvas-width="420.28950000000003">for the Treatment of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder, Second</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 384.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.945309);" data-canvas-width="47.068499999999986">Edition;</div><div style="left: 117.785px; top: 385.947px; font-size: 9.00733px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.974443);" data-canvas-width="10.231649999999998">[1]</div><div style="left: 128.017px; top: 384.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.42167);" data-canvas-width="12.794999999999998">(</div><div style="left: 140.663px; top: 384.52px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.913981);" data-canvas-width="7.844999999999999">ii</div><div style="left: 148.358px; top: 384.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03879);" data-canvas-width="346.0034999999999">) Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Depressive</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 404.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.982156);" data-canvas-width="420.8129999999999">Disorders by the Canadian Psychiatric Association and the Canadian</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 424.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06015);" data-canvas-width="374.1000000000001">Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT);</div><div style="left: 445.018px; top: 425.947px; font-size: 9.00733px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.996097);" data-canvas-width="10.45902">[2]</div><div style="left: 455.592px; top: 424.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.52833);" data-canvas-width="13.754999999999999">(</div><div style="left: 469.386px; top: 424.52px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.930874);" data-canvas-width="11.985">iii</div><div style="left: 481.424px; top: 424.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.955);" data-canvas-width="8.595">)</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 444.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.92219);" data-canvas-width="346.4745">National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines;</div><div style="left: 417.194px; top: 445.947px; font-size: 9.00733px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.974443);" data-canvas-width="10.231649999999998">[3]</div><div style="left: 427.426px; top: 444.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.8725);" data-canvas-width="7.852499999999999">(</div><div style="left: 435.128px; top: 444.52px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.867244);" data-canvas-width="10.425">iv</div><div style="left: 445.402px; top: 444.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.885045);" data-canvas-width="44.031">) Royal</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 464.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.960345);" data-canvas-width="420.4709999999999">Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Clinical Practice</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 484.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.952181);" data-canvas-width="276.6284999999999">Guidelines Team for Depression (RANZCAP);</div><div style="left: 347.341px; top: 485.947px; font-size: 9.00733px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.974443);" data-canvas-width="10.231649999999998">[4]</div><div style="left: 357.572px; top: 484.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05167);" data-canvas-width="9.465">(</div><div style="left: 366.887px; top: 484.52px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif;">v</div><div style="left: 373.442px; top: 484.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.95722);" data-canvas-width="117.59850000000002">) Texas Medication</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 504.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.99545);" data-canvas-width="242.95199999999997">Algorithm Project (TMAP) Guidelines;</div><div style="left: 313.679px; top: 505.947px; font-size: 9.00733px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.974443);" data-canvas-width="10.231649999999998">[5]</div><div style="left: 323.91px; top: 504.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.41);" data-canvas-width="12.69">(</div><div style="left: 336.454px; top: 504.52px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.902184);" data-canvas-width="10.845">vi</div><div style="left: 347.149px; top: 504.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06804);" data-canvas-width="147.10049999999995">) World Federation of</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 524.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.977376);" data-canvas-width="422.00250000000005">Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Treatment Guideline for</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 544.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00461);" data-canvas-width="190.43549999999996">Unipolar Depressive Disorder;</div><div style="left: 261.219px; top: 545.947px; font-size: 9.00733px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.981106);" data-canvas-width="10.301609999999998">[6]</div><div style="left: 271.558px; top: 544.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.25945);" data-canvas-width="44.290499999999994">and (</div><div style="left: 315.754px; top: 544.52px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.902161);" data-canvas-width="14.716499999999996">vii</div><div style="left: 330.385px; top: 544.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07299);" data-canvas-width="164.74800000000002">) British Association for</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 564.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.939612);" data-canvas-width="195.08699999999996">Psychopharmacology Guidelines.</div>[7

<div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 681.852px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.00583);" data-canvas-width="78.45509999999997"><strong>Background</strong></div><div style="left: 159.629px; top: 681.852px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.03081);" data-canvas-width="308.21204999999986">. Increased crime is a problem in South Africa</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 705.192px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.02338);" data-canvas-width="386.8370999999999">and complications arise when the accused is intellectually</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 728.532px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.99448);" data-canvas-width="386.85255000000006">disabled. The accountability and fitness to stand trial of</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 751.872px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.999579);" data-canvas-width="386.83709999999996">such individuals is an important facet that needs to be</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 775.212px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.02131);" data-canvas-width="293.11739999999986">managed by the judicial and health systems.</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 803.277px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.04883);" data-canvas-width="63.978449999999995"><strong>Objective</strong></div><div style="left: 145.152px; top: 803.277px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.00521);" data-canvas-width="322.67325">. To analyse the accountability and triability of</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 826.617px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.05689);" data-canvas-width="386.8216499999998">intellectually disabled people awaiting trial referred to</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 849.957px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.952801);" data-canvas-width="386.83709999999985">the Free State Psychiatric Complex (FSPC) from 1993 to</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 873.297px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.01014);" data-canvas-width="386.8834500000001">2003 according to Sections 77 and 78 of the Criminal</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 896.637px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.04688);" data-canvas-width="221.9392499999999">Procedures Act (Act 51 of 1977).</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 924.702px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.08084);" data-canvas-width="50.79959999999999"><strong>Method</strong></div><div style="left: 131.973px; top: 924.702px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.956668);" data-canvas-width="335.7902999999999">. A retrospective study was conducted. The study</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 948.042px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.00735);" data-canvas-width="386.8216499999999">population consisted of 80 intellectually disabled people</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 971.382px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.04281);" data-canvas-width="386.8834499999999">awaiting trial in the Free State, referred to the FSPC. The</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 994.722px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.974401);" data-canvas-width="386.83709999999996">reason for referral was the possibility that they were not</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1018.06px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.05115);" data-canvas-width="386.8216499999999">triable or accountable. A data form was compiled to</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1041.4px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.0371);" data-canvas-width="386.8371">transfer the relevant information from the patients’ clinical</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1092.81px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.839862);" data-canvas-width="41.9931">files.<strong></strong></div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1092.81px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.839862);" data-canvas-width="41.9931"><strong>Results</strong></div><div style="left: 123.167px; top: 1092.81px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.04442);" data-canvas-width="344.65859999999986">. The study found that the majority of subjects</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1116.15px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.05405);" data-canvas-width="386.83709999999985">were male (96.3%), unmarried (76.3%) and unemployed</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1139.49px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.05127);" data-canvas-width="386.8679999999999">(63.8%). The median age was 27 years. A relatively</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1162.83px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.0483);" data-canvas-width="386.8216499999999">high percentage (49%) had received some schooling</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1186.17px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.04005);" data-canvas-width="386.8988999999999">and 16% had attended a special school. Most (32%)</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1209.51px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.05131);" data-canvas-width="386.88345000000004">were referred from the Bloemfontein area and 68% were</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1232.85px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.976783);" data-canvas-width="386.80620000000005">referred from the remainder of the Free State and other</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1256.19px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.98424);" data-canvas-width="386.8062000000001">areas. The majority were referred according to Sections</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1279.53px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.972108);" data-canvas-width="386.89889999999986">77 and 78. The highest number of the offences were of<div style="left: 529.761px; top: 369.865px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.05429);" data-canvas-width="387.9803999999998">a sexual nature (78%). Of the subjects, 62 (62.5%) were</div><div style="left: 529.761px; top: 393.204px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.06894);" data-canvas-width="388.02674999999994">diagnosed as having mild mental retardation, while 16%</div><div style="left: 529.761px; top: 416.544px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.00007);" data-canvas-width="388.02674999999994">were diagnosed as having moderate mental retardation.</div><div style="left: 529.761px; top: 439.884px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.0157);" data-canvas-width="387.9958500000001">A total of 71 (71.25%) were found to be untriable and</div><div style="left: 529.761px; top: 463.224px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.01876);" data-canvas-width="100.85759999999996">unaccountable.</div><div style="left: 529.761px; top: 491.289px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.995784);" data-canvas-width="72.69224999999999"><strong>Conclusion</strong></div><div style="left: 602.685px; top: 491.289px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.09803);" data-canvas-width="315.13365">. Triability and accountability are not only</div><div style="left: 529.761px; top: 514.63px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.04024);" data-canvas-width="388.01129999999995">reflected by IQ score, but also involve the accused’s</div><div style="left: 529.761px; top: 537.969px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.05438);" data-canvas-width="388.0112999999999">understanding of his/her environment, his/her speech</div><div style="left: 529.761px; top: 561.31px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.02108);" data-canvas-width="388.01129999999995">and language proficiency, level of education, reasoning</div><div style="left: 529.761px; top: 584.649px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.03211);" data-canvas-width="388.07309999999995">ability and the manner in which the crime was committed.</div><div style="left: 529.761px; top: 607.99px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.043);" data-canvas-width="387.99585">It is important to note that having an IQ of 70 or less does</div><div style="left: 529.761px; top: 631.33px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.960348);" data-canvas-width="387.9803999999999">not automatically mean that the accused is unfit to stand</div><div style="left: 529.761px; top: 654.669px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.02908);" data-canvas-width="387.9649499999999">trial or is not accountable. It is possible for an intellectually</div><div style="left: 529.761px; top: 678.01px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.06613);" data-canvas-width="388.07309999999995">disabled person to be triable, accountable or diminished</div><div style="left: 529.761px; top: 701.349px; font-size: 15px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.0305);" data-canvas-width="85.53119999999998">accountable.</div></div>

<div style="left: 155.087px; top: 577.926px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.856878);" data-canvas-width="318.63"><strong>Background:</strong> Depression can have far-reaching effects on the</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 601.256px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.92316);" data-canvas-width="392.82000000000005">functioning and adjustment of young people. Among both</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 624.585px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.910571);" data-canvas-width="392.775">children and adolescents depression confers an increased risk</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 647.915px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.898096);" data-canvas-width="325.38">for illness, interpersonal and psychosocial difficulties.</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 647.915px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.898096);" data-canvas-width="325.38"> </div><div style="left: 141.257px; top: 685.427px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.906132);" data-canvas-width="332.50499999999994"><strong>Objective:</strong>The aim of this study was to determine the profile of</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 708.757px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.914105);" data-canvas-width="392.7450000000001">children (birth - 12 years) and adolescents (13 - 18 years) with</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 732.086px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.896099);" data-canvas-width="392.76000000000005">major depression referred to the Child Mental Health Unit at the</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 755.416px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.893043);" data-canvas-width="392.77500000000015">Free State Psychiatric Complex (FSPC) from 1 January 2004 to</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 778.745px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.976556);" data-canvas-width="132.6">31 December 2004.</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 778.745px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.976556);" data-canvas-width="132.6"> </div><div style="left: 129.137px; top: 816.258px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.917412);" data-canvas-width="344.5799999999999"><strong>Method:</strong> A total of 904 children and adolescents were referred</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 839.587px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.919419);" data-canvas-width="392.745">to the Unit during 2004. From these referrals 100 children and</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 862.917px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.933475);" data-canvas-width="392.775">adolescents (11.06%) were diagnosed with major depression</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 886.246px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.910612);" data-canvas-width="193.06499999999997">and were included in the study.</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 886.246px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.910612);" data-canvas-width="193.06499999999997"> </div><div style="left: 180.887px; top: 923.759px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.870766);" data-canvas-width="312.75000000000006"><strong>Data analysis:</strong> The data were summarised using frequencies</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 947.088px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.925438);" data-canvas-width="392.91000000000014">and percentages (categorical variables) and means of</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 970.418px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.885185);" data-canvas-width="200.76000000000002">percentiles (numerical variables).</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 970.418px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.885185);" data-canvas-width="200.76000000000002"> </div><div style="left: 120.362px; top: 1007.93px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.905652);" data-canvas-width="353.31000000000006"><strong>Results:</strong> The majority (74%) of the cases were in the adolescent</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1031.26px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.904977);" data-canvas-width="392.74499999999995">age group and 61% were girls. The main complaints presented</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1054.59px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.882313);" data-canvas-width="392.8350000000001">by the parents or in the referral letter by the general practitioners</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1077.92px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.903519);" data-canvas-width="392.83500000000004">were behavioural problems (37%) such as stealing, aggression</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1101.25px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.936476);" data-canvas-width="392.80500000000006">and attention-seeking behaviour, followed by decrease in</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1124.58px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.898045);" data-canvas-width="392.7899999999999">school performance (25%), suspected depression (21%),</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1147.91px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.8945);" data-canvas-width="392.74499999999983">suicidal tendencies (17%), and school refusal (8%). Twelve per</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1171.24px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.880596);" data-canvas-width="392.775">cent of the group had lost a family member. The main presenting</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1194.57px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.912615);" data-canvas-width="392.81999999999994">clinical symptoms of major depression in the study group were</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1217.9px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.870739);" data-canvas-width="392.805">sleep disturbance (59%), dysphoric (depressed) mood (57%),</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1241.23px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.92694);" data-canvas-width="392.7599999999999">disturbance in appetite (49%), constant fatigue/loss of energy</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1264.56px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.908711);" data-canvas-width="392.76">(43%), inability to enjoy activities that would normally give</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1287.88px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.892772);" data-canvas-width="392.80500000000006">pleasure (37%), and impaired concentration (36%). Somatic</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1311.21px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.909585);" data-canvas-width="325.965">complaints occurred in 42% of the study population.</div>

<div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 420.56px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.907951);" data-canvas-width="78.795"><strong>Background:</strong></div><div style="left: 160.545px; top: 420.56px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.932665);" data-canvas-width="311.7900000000001">Following allegations of human rights abuses at</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 443.889px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.916508);" data-canvas-width="390.57000000000005">a psychiatric hospital in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, that</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 467.219px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.887322);" data-canvas-width="390.52500000000003">were reported in one of the local newspapers, the national</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 490.548px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.90354);" data-canvas-width="390.51000000000005">and provincial Ministers of Health visited the hospital. Because</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 513.878px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.90347);" data-canvas-width="390.59999999999997">of the seriousness of the allegations, the national Minister</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 537.207px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.879068);" data-canvas-width="390.57">of Health established a Committee of Enquiry to investigate</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 560.537px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.880785);" data-canvas-width="390.53999999999996">the allegations. The 7 committee members included experts</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 583.866px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.872622);" data-canvas-width="390.6000000000001">in mental health care services, legal services, public service</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 607.196px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.93681);" data-canvas-width="390.52500000000003">sector, a hospital board member, and a representative of the</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 630.525px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.89069);" data-canvas-width="73.185">community.</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 630.525px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.89069);" data-canvas-width="73.185"> </div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 668.038px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.914141);" data-canvas-width="65.94"><strong>Objectives:</strong></div><div style="left: 147.69px; top: 668.038px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.888951);" data-canvas-width="324.645">. The terms of reference of the Committee of Enquiry</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 691.367px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.912476);" data-canvas-width="390.55499999999995">were to investigate allegations of human rights abuses of</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 714.697px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.919925);" data-canvas-width="390.585">psychiatric patients at the hospital, and to report their findings</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 738.026px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.906079);" data-canvas-width="277.215">to the Minister, in line with the media reports.</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 738.026px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.906079);" data-canvas-width="277.215"> </div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 775.539px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.919581);" data-canvas-width="58.470000000000006"><strong>Methods.</strong></div><div style="left: 140.22px; top: 775.539px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.860663);" data-canvas-width="332.12999999999994">The public was invited through notices in the print</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 798.869px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.912723);" data-canvas-width="390.5999999999999">and electronic media to make submissions relating to the</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 822.198px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.887693);" data-canvas-width="390.57000000000005">allegations. Interviews and site inspections were conducted.</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 845.528px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.913401);" data-canvas-width="390.5550000000001">Written submissions were received. Legislative and regulatory</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 868.857px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.902183);" data-canvas-width="390.56999999999994">frameworks were studied. Reports of previous commissions as</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 892.187px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.911323);" data-canvas-width="245.07">well as hospital records were analysed.</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 929.699px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.885889);" data-canvas-width="55.56"><strong>Findings:</strong></div><div style="left: 137.31px; top: 929.699px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.864354);" data-canvas-width="334.995">The findings of the Committee confirmed all media</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 953.029px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.925522);" data-canvas-width="390.55499999999995">allegations of human rights abuses as appearing in the terms</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 976.358px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.903296);" data-canvas-width="390.54">of reference. In addition, the Committee identified the following</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 999.688px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.857488);" data-canvas-width="117.09">systemic defects: (</div><div style="left: 198.855px; top: 999.688px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">i</div><div style="left: 202.365px; top: 999.688px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.90508);" data-canvas-width="269.92499999999995">) weak management over a long period</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 1023.02px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.938404);" data-canvas-width="56.445">of time; (</div><div style="left: 153.555px; top: 1023.02px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.02233);" data-canvas-width="7.0200000000000005">ii</div><div style="left: 160.575px; top: 1023.02px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.952916);" data-canvas-width="203.12999999999997">) absence of a hospital board; (</div><div style="left: 348.33px; top: 1023.02px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.02233);" data-canvas-width="10.53">iii</div><div style="left: 358.86px; top: 1023.02px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.936267);" data-canvas-width="113.46000000000001">) inadequacies in</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 1046.35px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.947004);" data-canvas-width="280.755">the physical layout and quality of facilities; (</div><div style="left: 362.49px; top: 1046.35px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.897309);" data-canvas-width="10.004999999999999">iv</div><div style="left: 372.495px; top: 1046.35px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.939087);" data-canvas-width="99.825">) abuse of staff</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 1069.68px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.862468);" data-canvas-width="83.75999999999999">by patients; (</div><div style="left: 195.15px; top: 1069.68px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">v</div><div style="left: 201.645px; top: 1069.68px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.8569);" data-canvas-width="300.31499999999994">) staff reporting on duty under the influence of</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 1093.01px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.894182);" data-canvas-width="59.93999999999999">alcohol; (</div><div style="left: 155.73px; top: 1093.01px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.897309);" data-canvas-width="10.004999999999999">vi</div><div style="left: 165.735px; top: 1093.01px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.848626);" data-canvas-width="181.61999999999998">) high rate of absenteeism; (</div><div style="left: 333.36px; top: 1093.01px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.944958);" data-canvas-width="17.025">viii</div><div style="left: 350.385px; top: 1093.01px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.861321);" data-canvas-width="121.91999999999999">) shortage of staff;</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 1116.34px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">(</div><div style="left: 85.3503px; top: 1116.34px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.944958);" data-canvas-width="17.025">viii</div><div style="left: 102.375px; top: 1116.34px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.962439);" data-canvas-width="130.63500000000002">) lack of discipline; (</div><div style="left: 233.025px; top: 1116.34px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.910762);" data-canvas-width="10.155">ix</div><div style="left: 243.18px; top: 1116.34px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.938973);" data-canvas-width="229.12500000000003">) evidence of racism, nepotism and</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 1139.66px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.885451);" data-canvas-width="104.98500000000001">favouritism; and (</div><div style="left: 176.175px; top: 1139.66px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">x</div><div style="left: 182.82px; top: 1139.66px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.886648);" data-canvas-width="278.91">) strained relations between the management</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 1162.99px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.90469);" data-canvas-width="72.33000000000001">and unions.</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 1162.99px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.90469);" data-canvas-width="72.33000000000001"> </div><div style="left: 193.455px; top: 1200.51px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.884255);" data-canvas-width="278.83500000000004"><strong>Recommendations</strong>: The Committee recommended that remedial</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 1223.84px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.889275);" data-canvas-width="390.525">and preventive measures be undertaken as a matter of urgency</div><div style="left: 81.7503px; top: 1247.17px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.894605);" data-canvas-width="390.53999999999996">to combat human rights abuses and address deficiencies in the system.</div>

<div style="left: 73.788px; top: 351.428px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.886868);" data-canvas-width="406.22999999999996">Much needs to be done to improve psychiatric care in South</div><div style="left: 73.788px; top: 374.757px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.905417);" data-canvas-width="406.16999999999996">Africa. Resources need to be developed, particularly in rural</div><div style="left: 73.788px; top: 398.087px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.914111);" data-canvas-width="406.16999999999985">areas, and psychiatric services need to be better integrated</div><div style="left: 73.788px; top: 421.416px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.855137);" data-canvas-width="406.2899999999999">into primary health care services. This process will include the</div><div style="left: 73.788px; top: 444.746px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.905584);" data-canvas-width="406.24499999999995">intensive training of mental health care workers. If we look at the</div><div style="left: 73.788px; top: 468.075px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.893698);" data-canvas-width="406.27500000000015">training of primary care physicians, their rotation during the 2-year</div><div style="left: 73.788px; top: 491.405px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.9028);" data-canvas-width="406.21500000000003">internship falls short in psychiatry. It is not seen as a mainstream</div><div style="left: 73.788px; top: 514.734px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.886965);" data-canvas-width="406.21500000000015">rotation point like disciplines such as surgery or internal medicine.</div><div style="left: 73.788px; top: 538.064px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.921503);" data-canvas-width="406.26000000000005">This fact, as well as a more student-centred approach and</div><div style="left: 73.788px; top: 561.393px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.923528);" data-canvas-width="406.26">emphasis on self-learning in medical curricula, make the search</div><div style="left: 73.788px; top: 584.723px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.910728);" data-canvas-width="406.20000000000005">for an appropriate prescribed textbook in psychiatry an important</div><div style="left: 73.788px; top: 608.052px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.845747);" data-canvas-width="34.14000000000001">issue.</div>

<div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 324.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00514);" data-canvas-width="420.714">Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder that imposes a significant</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 344.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.959387);" data-canvas-width="320.27549999999985">burden on the individual including poor quality of life</div><div style="left: 391.115px; top: 345.947px; font-size: 9.00733px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.974443);" data-canvas-width="10.231649999999998">[1]</div><div style="left: 401.346px; top: 344.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.956892);" data-canvas-width="88.2135">and increased</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 364.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.984345);" data-canvas-width="59.98349999999999">morbidity</div><div style="left: 130.85px; top: 365.947px; font-size: 9.00733px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.974443);" data-canvas-width="10.231649999999998">[2]</div><div style="left: 141.082px; top: 364.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04823);" data-canvas-width="95.32349999999998">and mortality;</div><div style="left: 236.409px; top: 365.947px; font-size: 9.00733px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.974443);" data-canvas-width="10.231649999999998">[3]</div><div style="left: 246.641px; top: 364.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04289);" data-canvas-width="246.4904999999999">it disrupts interpersonal relationships</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 384.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.992643);" data-canvas-width="415.7519999999999">and family structures, and has significant economic costs to society.</div>

Heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) contamination in irrigation water, soil, and vegetables was investigated in farmland adjacent to a multi-industry zone in Bangladesh in dry and wet seasons. In the zone, many factories release wastewater into nearby irrigation canals, and vegetables cultivated with this water could be a major food chain route for human exposure. In the irrigation water and vegetables, heavy metal concentrations exceeded permissible levels in the two seasons, but this was not the case in soil. Zn had the highest concentration, and Cd had the lowest concentration in irrigation water, soil, and vegetables. All heavy metal concentrations were found to be lower in the wet than in the dry season, which is due to the dilution of water by rainfall, lower absorption of heavy metals from the diluted irrigation water, and heavy metal absorption from low concentrated irrigation water and/or soil. The cluster analysis data of irrigation water, soil, and vegetables revealed that the heavy metals in vegetables were considered to be absorbed from irrigation water in the wet season and from soil in the dry season. In the dry season, the high heavy metal concentrations in vegetables might be caused by a high bioconcentration factor (mostly > 20%).

<div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 324.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.926661);" data-canvas-width="417.8085000000001">Bipolar disorder (BD) presents in different phases over time and is often</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 344.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.97861);" data-canvas-width="419.74200000000013">complicated by comorbid conditions such as substance-use disorders</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 364.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.996746);" data-canvas-width="421.0005000000002">and anxiety disorders. Treatment usually involves pharmacotherapy</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 384.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01509);" data-canvas-width="421.55699999999996">with combinations of different classes of medications and frequent</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 404.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.963262);" data-canvas-width="130.9635">medication revisions.</div>

In 2019, Taiwan completed its first thorough heavy metal investigation of irrigation canal sediments by this study with the support of Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. Box-and-whisker plots were used to analyze the sediment distribution and to define metal concentrations. Possible metal pollution sources, the polluted agricultural land, irrigation area, and water sources were also evaluated using spatial analysis to understand the possible causes of sediment pollution. Results showed that the main heavy metal in agricultural land was Cu, found in 77% of contaminated agricultural land sites. Most sites with Cu pollution in sediments were in Taoyuan City and Changhua County. The heavy metals present in the sediment pollution sites in Taoyuan were consistent with those of possible pollution sources upstream, namely, Cr, Cu, and Pb. The main heavy metals in sediment pollution sites in Changhua were Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, whereas those for the polluted agricultural land sites were Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn, without Pb. The main irrigation water sources in Changhua include drainages and rivers, with some receiving most wastewater pollution mass of release of Changhua, and functions as an irrigation water source with a high release mass in Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn. These findings indicate that the sites of sediment pollution, sites of polluted agricultural land, and the sources of pollution share corresponding heavy metal characteristics. Therefore, in Changhua, the sediments were polluted mainly because (1) the irrigation canals received the highest masses of pollutant releases into drainage wastewater of the county; and (2) the return flow from irrigation and the illegal discharge of wastewater. The preliminary assessment results for sediment pollution in Taoyuan also suggest that the main causes may be irrigation by polluted rivers or drainages and return flows.

Objective: The COVID-19 national emergency activates legislative powers that allow a proportional infringement upon individual liberties. We canvas the complex legal landscape governing mental health consumers in this climate, highlight ethical considerations in application of the law and offer a simple algorithm to navigate this space. Conclusion: In times of emergency, it is crucial that we uphold the safeguards embodied within mental health legislation to prevent prejudicial treatment of mental health consumers.

Zeolite is an inorganic material whose surface has a permanent negative charge in its crystal structure. This material consists of tetrahedral [SiO4]-4 and [AlO4]-5, which are connected by oxygen atoms in such a way as to form an open three-dimensional framework containing canals and cavities, as well as alkali or alkali metals for balancing the negative charge. This structure makes zeolites have the ability to adsorb. The ability of natural zeolite adsorption can improve by modifying the surface by adding polyaniline cationic compounds (PANI), which have an amine group (: NH2). Moreover, environmental pollution by metals is the biggest problem in daily life, one of which is the metal ion Cr(III), which is a waste from industrial processes. Therefore, it is necessary to have an effort to reduce waste. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of polyaniline on the adsorption ability of natural zeolites to metal ions Cr(III). The research was carried out in several stages, namely activation of natural zeolite using HF 1%, modification with polymer from aniline monomers, and ammonium peroxidisulphate (APS), and testing the ability of adsorption on Cr(III) metal ions. The study on the ability to adsorb Cr(III) metal ions by PANI-modified zeolites was carried out on variations in the concentration of Cr(III) metal ions and the system pH. The results showed that natural zeolite successfully modified with PANI. The FTIR absorption band at wavenumber 1303 -1319 cm-1 and 1597 cm-1 indicated the presence of NH functional groups. Meanwhile, adsorption capability test data showed that the best adsorbent for adsorption of Cr(III) metal ions was zeolite-PANI 0.01M. The best pH was 4, the initial concentration of Cr(III) metal ions was 1000 ppm, and the percentage of absorption is 48.13%.

High concentrations of pesticides and toxic metal pollutants in the environment, often present in surface waters in nature, can accumulate in wild animals and are a significant public health concern. Serbia is a moderately developed, south European country in transition, with a long tradition in agriculture, particularly in the northern part, Vojvodina. Our study aimed to assess the presence of pesticides and to measure concentrations of toxic metals in the district of Backi Petrovac, Vojvodina. Water samples were analyzed from canals, ditches, fish from the canals and wild animals caught in the Backi Petrovac district. We identified nine pesticides in water samples. Of all detected pesticides, one was a hormonal disruptor. There were no pesticides in animals, fish and organs in a concentration above the limit of detection (LOD) in observed periods. The concentrations of toxic metals detected in superficial water (Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Mn, Cu) were below the permitted limits, as well as the concentrations of Cd, Pb, Hg, As and Mn in the whole bodies of fish. Concentrations in kidneys and livers of wild animals (rabbit and roe deer) were below the permitted limits, with the exception of cadmium, whose concentrations in some animal samples were above the permitted limit. Based on the obtained results, we concluded that in the developed agricultural region unencumbered by heavy industry, pollution by pesticides and heavy metals can be controlled.

<div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 324.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01119);" data-canvas-width="421.07550000000003">Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is among the most prevalent</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 344.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.979077);" data-canvas-width="419.514">anxiety disorders, both in terms of lifetime and 12-month prevalence</div>rates documented in epidemiological studies worldwide.

BackgroundTwo recently developed measures intended for clinical use are HoNOS (Health of the Nation Outcome Scales), measuring social functioning, and CANSAS (Camberwell Assessment of Need Short Appraisal Schedule), for measuring need.AimsWe investigated the association between CANSAS and HoNOS.ResultsFor some domains there were substantial associations, with high HoNOS rating correlated with CANSAS rating of the presence of a need. For other areas the agreement was less than might be expected. Seven factors were identified within the 22 CANSAS domains, and the presence of needs in the Drug/alcohol and Activities of daily living factors was associated with high scores in the related HoNOS domains.ConclusionsCANSAS and HoNOS assessments differ. HoNOS can track changes in social functioning over time, but may be less useful for treatment planning, and should not be used to infer the level of morbidity in a case-load. CANSAS indicates when treatment should be commenced or continued. It can also be used as a case-load measure, but may be insufficiently sensitive to be used as an outcome measure at the individual level.

AbstractThere has been a growing recognition that a systems thinking approach, which pays attention to the entire dynamic system, its constituent parts and the interactions among those parts, is an effective approach for tackling complex issues that exhibit nonlinear behaviour and involve multiple stakeholders. To understand a complex system, a systems thinking approach must identify the leverage points, which are non-intuitive and difficult to identify. This paper proposes a design tool called System Design Canvas, which supports the identification of system variables and leverage points from technological sensing data and human data while understanding stakeholders' mental model. The present case study confirms that System Design Canvas can identify system variables and leverage points that are required for the current agricultural system in Cambodia.

This guideline focuses on the pharmacotherapy of obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD). OCD is characterised by obsessions and<div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 364.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.99966);" data-canvas-width="420.56549999999993">compulsions. A number of other disorders are also characterised by</div><div style="left: 70.8662px; top: 384.72px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.97309);" data-canvas-width="419.07749999999993">repetitive thoughts and rituals and may also respond to modifications</div>of standard OCD treatment.

<div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 456.754px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.927184);" data-canvas-width="28.65"><strong>Aim.</strong></div><div style="left: 109.592px; top: 456.754px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.922792);" data-canvas-width="357.70500000000004">Early identification and prevention of relapse in patients</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 480.083px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.927149);" data-canvas-width="381.63000000000005">with schizophrenia has significant therapeutic and socio-</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 503.413px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.90105);" data-canvas-width="386.2799999999999">economic implications. The aim of this study was to determine</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 526.742px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.955219);" data-canvas-width="386.37000000000006">the factors, if any, that may be associated with relapse in a</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 550.072px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.889795);" data-canvas-width="211.875">group of patients in Johannesburg.</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 550.072px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.889795);" data-canvas-width="211.875"> </div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 550.072px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.889795);" data-canvas-width="211.875"> </div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 587.585px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.945913);" data-canvas-width="52.845000000000006"><strong>Method.</strong></div><div style="left: 133.787px; top: 587.585px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.898222);" data-canvas-width="333.49499999999995">Patients were recruited from mental health outpatient</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 610.914px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.874534);" data-canvas-width="386.3399999999999">clinics in a predominantly residential area during the period</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 634.244px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.964537);" data-canvas-width="386.26500000000004">January 1995 - June 2005. They were included if a review</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 657.573px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.944481);" data-canvas-width="386.34">of their records confirmed a diagnosis of schizophrenia</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 680.903px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.93674);" data-canvas-width="107.085">according to the</div><div style="left: 188.417px; top: 680.903px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.929862);" data-canvas-width="278.8499999999999">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 704.232px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.864154);" data-canvas-width="57.135000000000005">Disorders</div><div style="left: 138.077px; top: 704.232px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.922967);" data-canvas-width="329.13">(4th edition) (DSM-IV); they had no other psychotic</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 727.562px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.915005);" data-canvas-width="139.95">illness; and they were</div><div style="left: 221.222px; top: 730.327px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">≥</div><div style="left: 229.457px; top: 727.562px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.925571);" data-canvas-width="237.80999999999995">18 years old. Patients were excluded</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 750.891px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.948122);" data-canvas-width="386.26500000000004">if the diagnosis of schizophrenia had first been made in the</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 774.221px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.910179);" data-canvas-width="386.295">preceding 6 months. Demographic and clinical characteristics</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 797.55px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.899872);" data-canvas-width="316.3349999999999">of the patients were obtained from their case notes.</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 835.063px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.789549);" data-canvas-width="44.06999999999999"><strong>Results.</strong></div><div style="left: 125.012px; top: 835.063px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.955789);" data-canvas-width="342.3">Of the 217 patients who were included in the study,</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 858.392px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.935752);" data-canvas-width="49.86000000000001">61.8% (</div><div style="left: 123.602px; top: 858.392px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">N</div><div style="left: 136.247px; top: 858.392px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.906889);" data-canvas-width="323.83500000000004">=134) had a history of at least 1 relapse. There was</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 881.722px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.878496);" data-canvas-width="150.75">no significant difference (</div><div style="left: 193.772px; top: 881.722px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">p</div><div style="left: 202.172px; top: 881.722px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.909853);" data-canvas-width="227.17500000000004">&gt;0.05) between those who relapsed</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 905.051px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.884851);" data-canvas-width="386.37">and those who did not relapse in terms of gender, marital</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 928.381px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.861113);" data-canvas-width="318.87000000000006">status or employment status. Approximately 46% (</div><div style="left: 399.857px; top: 928.381px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">N</div><div style="left: 412.502px; top: 928.381px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.957726);" data-canvas-width="54.75">=61) of</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 951.71px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.927032);" data-canvas-width="386.325">those who relapsed had co-morbid psychiatric disorders,</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 975.04px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.901579);" data-canvas-width="154.17000000000002">compared with 10.8% (</div><div style="left: 235.127px; top: 975.04px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">N</div><div style="left: 247.772px; top: 975.04px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.878855);" data-canvas-width="219.45000000000002">=9) in those who did not relapse</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 998.369px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">(</div><div style="left: 84.5418px; top: 998.369px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">p</div><div style="left: 92.9418px; top: 998.369px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.944237);" data-canvas-width="374.28000000000014">&lt;0.0001), but there was no significant difference between</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1021.7px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.874532);" data-canvas-width="386.31">the two groups when comparing the presence of co-morbid</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1045.03px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.92735);" data-canvas-width="113.92499999999997">medical disorder (</div><div style="left: 194.882px; top: 1045.03px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">p</div><div style="left: 203.282px; top: 1045.03px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.00079);" data-canvas-width="144.915">=0.348). Nearly half (</div><div style="left: 348.212px; top: 1045.03px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">N</div><div style="left: 360.857px; top: 1045.03px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.955652);" data-canvas-width="106.38000000000001">=63) of patients</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1068.36px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.915876);" data-canvas-width="304.605">who relapsed had a history of substance abuse (</div><div style="left: 385.502px; top: 1068.36px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">p</div><div style="left: 393.902px; top: 1068.36px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.04686);" data-canvas-width="73.35000000000002">=0.0054);</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1091.69px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.88818);" data-canvas-width="269.38500000000005">cannabis was significantly more abused (</div><div style="left: 350.357px; top: 1091.69px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">p</div><div style="left: 358.757px; top: 1091.69px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.962865);" data-canvas-width="103.84500000000001">=0.0014). Two-</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1115.02px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.854603);" data-canvas-width="40.379999999999995">thirds (</div><div style="left: 120.842px; top: 1115.02px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">N</div><div style="left: 133.487px; top: 1115.02px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.928543);" data-canvas-width="333.28499999999997">=138) of the study population did not adhere to their</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1138.35px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.870596);" data-canvas-width="180.315">treatment, of whom 80.4% (</div><div style="left: 308.777px; top: 1138.35px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">N</div><div style="left: 321.422px; top: 1138.35px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.905338);" data-canvas-width="193.36500000000004">=107) experienced a relapse</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1161.68px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">(</div><div style="left: 84.5418px; top: 1161.68px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">p</div><div style="left: 92.9418px; top: 1161.68px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.918138);" data-canvas-width="374.3399999999999">&lt;0.0001). Significant multiple logistic regression models for</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1185.01px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.930805);" data-canvas-width="381.63000000000005">patients who relapsed included poor adherence due to side-</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1208.33px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.900849);" data-canvas-width="206.82">effects (odds ratio (OR)=3.032;</div><div style="left: 289.367px; top: 1208.33px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">p</div><div style="left: 297.767px; top: 1208.33px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.945699);" data-canvas-width="169.485">=0.023; 95% confidence</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1231.66px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.970823);" data-canvas-width="386.35499999999996">interval (CI) 1.168 - 7.870); poor adherence due to lack of</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1254.99px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.957232);" data-canvas-width="119.67000000000003">insight (OR=5.29;</div><div style="left: 201.782px; top: 1254.99px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">p</div><div style="left: 210.182px; top: 1254.99px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.04379);" data-canvas-width="257.08500000000004">&lt;0.0001; 95% CI 2.28 - 12.20), and</div><div style="left: 80.9418px; top: 1278.32px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.915405);" data-canvas-width="257.595">co-morbid depressed mood (OR=5.33;</div><div style="left: 341.147px; top: 1278.32px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">p</div><div style="left: 349.547px; top: 1278.32px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.981693);" data-canvas-width="117.70500000000003">&lt;0.001; 95% CI</div><p>2.32 - 12.22)</p><p> <strong>Conclusion.</strong></p><div style="left: 604.536px; top: 321.242px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.924674);" data-canvas-width="313.11">Co-morbid depressed mood, poor adherence</div><div style="left: 531.336px; top: 344.572px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.919825);" data-canvas-width="386.265">owing to lack of insight, and medication side-effects were the</div><div style="left: 531.336px; top: 367.901px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.856342);" data-canvas-width="386.31">factors most likely to increase the risk of relapse in patients</div><div style="left: 531.336px; top: 391.231px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.910177);" data-canvas-width="386.3399999999999">with schizophrenia. Risk of relapse may be reduced when the</div><p>treating psychiatrist identifies and addresses these factors.</p>

<div style="left: 81.816px; top: 554.304px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.945404);" data-canvas-width="64.96499999999999"><strong>Objective:</strong></div><div style="left: 146.781px; top: 554.304px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.916953);" data-canvas-width="327.78">Hoarding is commonly defined as the acquisition of</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 577.634px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.925405);" data-canvas-width="392.8499999999999">and failure to discard possessions of little use or value, and is</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 600.963px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.925516);" data-canvas-width="392.82">included as a symptom in the diagnostic criteria for obsessive</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 624.293px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.921474);" data-canvas-width="392.63999999999976">compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and obsessive</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 647.622px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.966516);" data-canvas-width="392.76">compulsive disorder (OCD). However, it has also been</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 670.952px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.927338);" data-canvas-width="392.80500000000006">observed in other clinical syndromes including schizophrenia.</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 694.281px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.877386);" data-canvas-width="392.8349999999999">This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 717.611px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.901411);" data-canvas-width="392.79">clinical presentation of hoarding behaviour in schizophrenia</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 740.94px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.896676);" data-canvas-width="145.65">among Xhosa patients.</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 778.453px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.945913);" data-canvas-width="52.845000000000006"><strong>Method:</strong></div><div style="left: 134.661px; top: 778.453px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.875209);" data-canvas-width="339.975">The sample consisted of 102 patients, recruited as</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 801.782px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.892501);" data-canvas-width="392.7749999999999">part of a larger genetic study in the Cape Town metropole</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 825.112px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.942281);" data-canvas-width="392.7900000000001">between November 2004 and January 2005, diagnosed with</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 848.441px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.911274);" data-canvas-width="392.82">schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders according to the</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 871.771px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.906643);" data-canvas-width="335.72999999999996">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</div><div style="left: 417.051px; top: 871.771px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif;">(</div><div style="left: 420.651px; top: 871.771px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.845623);" data-canvas-width="45.720000000000006">DSM-IV</div><div style="left: 466.371px; top: 871.771px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.873016);" data-canvas-width="8.25">)</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 895.1px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.933064);" data-canvas-width="392.82">criteria. They were screened for clinically significant hoarding</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 918.43px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.903346);" data-canvas-width="392.82000000000005">symptoms. If these were present, additional information on</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 941.759px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.883932);" data-canvas-width="392.7750000000001">the phenomenology was obtained by means of a structured</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 965.089px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.892874);" data-canvas-width="392.82000000000005">questionnaire. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 988.418px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.893517);" data-canvas-width="392.79000000000013">(MINI) (screen and full version), the Yale Brown Obsessive</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 1011.75px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.902758);" data-canvas-width="392.82000000000005">Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) Checklist, Y-BOCS, Clutter Image</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 1035.08px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.887528);" data-canvas-width="392.80499999999995">Rating Scale (CIRS) and a structured questionnaire on hoarding</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 1058.41px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.907236);" data-canvas-width="118.485">were administered.</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 1095.92px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.789549);" data-canvas-width="44.06999999999999"><strong>Results:</strong></div><div style="left: 125.886px; top: 1095.92px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.878424);" data-canvas-width="348.7050000000001">Only four patients with schizophrenia were classified</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 1119.25px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.890916);" data-canvas-width="392.7899999999999">as hoarders. Although their clinical presentation resembled that</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 1142.58px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.912332);" data-canvas-width="392.8349999999999">of hoarders described elsewhere in the literature, they had low</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 1165.91px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.908464);" data-canvas-width="392.835">Y-BOCS scores and did not report other obsessive-compulsive</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 1189.24px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.872842);" data-canvas-width="68.94">symptoms.</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 1226.75px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.906502);" data-canvas-width="73.2"><strong>Conclusion:</strong></div><div style="left: 155.016px; top: 1226.75px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.900338);" data-canvas-width="319.575">Our results suggest that hoarding behaviour is</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 1250.08px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.908745);" data-canvas-width="392.79000000000013">not common in Xhosa patients with schizophrenia. Further</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 1273.41px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.912192);" data-canvas-width="392.78999999999996">investigation of protective factors for hoarding behaviour in the</div><div style="left: 81.816px; top: 1296.74px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.907419);" data-canvas-width="192.63000000000002">Xhosa population is warranted.</div>

BackgroundThere is little consensus about which outcome measures to use in mental healthcare.AimsTo investigate the relationship between the items in four staff-rated measures recommended for routine use.MethodCorrelation analysis of total scores and factor analysis using combined data from the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS). The Camberwell Assessment of Need Short Appraisal Schedule (CANSAS), the Threshold Assessment Grid (TAG) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) were performed. Procrustes analysis on factors and scales, and Ward's cluster analysis to group the items, were applied.ResultsThe total scores of the measures were moderately correlated. The Procrustes analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis all agreed on better coverage of the patients' problems by HoNOS and CANSAS.ConclusionsA global severity factor accounts for 16% of the variance, and is best measured with TAG or GAF. The CANSAS and HoNOS each provide a detailed characterisation of the patient; only CANSAS provides information about met needs.

Organisms that live in waters are sensitive to changes in the water quality in which they live. The quality of the water in the Cikaniki River is threatened by the gold mining industry, illegal mining, agricultural activities, and settlements. One of the organisms that will be affected by these environmental changes is fish. This research aims to obtain a diversity index of fish species and to determine the content of heavy metals Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As) on the water, and fish. Research on the diversity of fish in Cikaniki River, Bogor Regency, was carried out in January–March 2020. The research was conducted at five selected stations, and each station carried out three times the sampling of fish and water. The metal content test process is carried out at the Chemical Laboratory of the University of Nusa Bangsa. The research instrument used was the observation sheet for fish identification and heavy metal content. Fish identification was carried out at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Laboratory, University of Nusa Bangsa. Identification use characteristics observed included body shape, body length height, color pattern, muzzle shape, fin shape, number of fins, and tail shape. Calculation of heavy metals using an ICP–OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma) tool. This research found seven fish species in the Cikaniki river; based on its dominance, four types of fish dominate: Nemacheilus chrysolaimos, Puntius bionotatus, Channa striata, and Glyptothorax platypogonides. The content of heavy metal mercury (Hg) in water is still below the standard quality threshold, while the Hg content in fish is above the quality standard with a value range of 0.5 - 1.09 mg/kg. The content of heavy metal Arsenic (As) in water ranges from 0.02 - 0.6 mg/L, with the highest value found at stations 4 (irrigation canals), As in the highest fish at stations 1 and 2 with a value range of 1-1.1 mg/kg. The conclusion of this research is that there are seven species of fish and fish in the Cikaniki river which contain high Hg and As heavy metals.

The main objectives of present study are to evaluate the trace elements pollution in the sediment of the Tigris River and drainage canals in Wasit Governorate, Iraq. Assessment of trace elements pollutants were conducted for 18 sediment samples collected in March 2017. Trace elements were analyzed in sediment Tigris River samples in Wasit Governorate. This metal pollution was evaluated using geo-accumulation (I-geo) index, Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). According to these statistical indices, the sediments collected from Tigris River in the study area are highly polluted with Titanium (71.9 ppm), Nickel (226.6 ppm) Chromium (425.2 ppm), Cadmium (2ppm) and Molybdenum (15.8 ppm) while the sediments were moderately polluted with Cobalt (25.1 ppm), Strontium (839.3 ppm), Copper (56.2), Manganese (106.1ppm), Vanadium (135 ppm), Niobium (9.79 ppm). However, the sediments of the Tigris River is not polluted by Lead, Barium, Gallium, Rubidium and, Zinc. Metals concentration levels in the sediments of the drainage canals that discharged into the Tigris River showed higher concentrations than the Tigris sediments in Ta, V, Ni, Cu, Ga, Br, Sr and Mo.

The paper presents the contents of metals and organic in the surface sediments (5–10 cm) at the submerged clam culture areas in Ben Tre province. The metal samples were digested by nitric acid 10% and analyzed by ICP-MS method, total organic matters (HC) were determined by the burning method at 500oC. The results showed that the content of Zn ranged from 22.4 to 48.1 µg/g, Cu: 3.3–25.1 µg/g, Pb: 7.3–27.8 µg/g, As: 1.1–4.7 µg/g, Cd: 0.1–0.4 µg/g, Ni: 8.3–4.5 µg/g, Co: 7.3–11.9 µg/g, Cr: 5.8–15.3 µg/g, Fe: 0.8–1.74 µg/g and organic: 1.2–8.4%. The contents of all elements in the sediment in the canals were much higher than in the clam culture areas at the river mouths. The concentrations of metals in clam culture areas were lower than threshold effect levels (TEL) according to Canadian standards.

This article presents results from an extensive scientific examination of the painting materials used by László Moholy-Nagy. The artist employed modern materials, such as metals and plastics, alongside more traditional artists’ oil paint and canvas, creatively manipulating these diverse media to generate a unique visual vocabulary. This study highlights the intimate link between the material properties and the expressive content of Moholy-Nagy’s painted works.

This article presents the results of ecological and landscape inventory of green spaces of Bogenbai Batyr Avenue, with the establishment of the species, age, the number of members of trees, shrubs, lawn vegetation. In some places along the road there is the oppression of the trees, shrubs and turf vegetation. This article also presents the results of atomic-emission analysis of soil samples for heavy metals (cadmium, cobalt, vanadium), selected from the roadside canvas of Bogenbai Batyr Avenue.

This paper presents a statistical analysis of the pollution levels for heavy metals and organic micropollutants at 182 sediment stations in the city canals of Delft. High pollution levels were especially observed in the inner city canal sediments, probably related to the import of polluted river Rhine water. In contrast, the more-or-less isolated outer city sites were generally much less polluted. Regression analysis on the database generally showed highly significant correlations between individual heavy metal contents. The heavy metal contents were usually significantly correlated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well. This points to one or more common sources for these micropollutants. Factor analysis and the K-means cluster analysis technique were applied on the above database; it showed a large cluster of stations, nearly all located in the outer city of Delft, characterized by relatively low heavy metal and organic micropollutants’ contents. Another cluster of 18 stations, mostly located in the inner city of Delft, possessed intermediate pollution levels, directly related with the supply of river Rhine water. Finally, the stations of a third cluster, situated in the inner city as well, were highly polluted, especially by local pollution sources. The above hypotheses were further supported by a more detailed statistical analysis for a number of inner city stations, together with 10-year river Rhine pollution data.

This research project explores what makes a difference in women’s recovery from postpartum distress. As postpartum distress can interfere in the establishment of secure attachment the need for early intervention is vital. This project, based on principles of feminist research, used questionnaires and interviews to canvas women who had accessed the mainstream maternal mental health service of Taranaki District Health Board. The women in this study felt they had benefited from individual and group work alongside medication, but crucial to their recovery was also informal support from family and friends and self care. While evidence-based practice is a dominant discourse in health at present, what these women told us was that kind, non judgemental support helped them recover. When women didn’t have this kind of support from their families, friends or professionals the recovery process was impeded.

The incidence of chemical stressors in industrial waste effluents has culminated in the re-engineering the genetic and metabolic characteristic of resident microbiota. Microbial adaptability enables them to tolerate these stressors however, propelling the phenomena of acquisition of heavy metal resistance which may also incite resistance to antibiotics. Waste water from industrial establishments may travel from site into surrounding communities via canals and waterways thus, disseminating these stressors as well as resistance in the environment. This study seeks to investigate the physicochemical and heavy metal composition of industrial effluent and its tolerance in resilient bacteria from the study area. Physiochemical analyses revealed pH level which ranged between (5.8-10.87), BOD (6.612-16.01 mg/l), TDS (937.226-2173.49 mg/l), Sulphates (658.72- 1342.28 mg/l), Nitrates (11.46-70.16 mg/l), Phosphate (3.03-8.43 mg/l) exceeded the NESRA limits; Cu (0.024-4.521 mg/l) Cd (0.002-6.41 mg/l), Pb (0.001-8.151mg/l), Zn (0.511-6.092 mg/l). All the isolates showed marked tolerance to Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd and Zn at concentrations between 200 and 500µg/ml, except Alkanindiges sp. 5-0-9 and Bacillus altitudinis which were not susceptible to all the heavy metals at all concentrations. This study revealed the incidence of heavy metal resistance among bacterial isolates from industrial wastewater, the incidence of which could give rise to co-occurrence with antibiotic resistance thus, aggravating a public health concern.

Abstract. Worldwide, peatlands are important sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and trace metals (TMs) to surface waters, and these fluxes may increase with peatland degradation. In Southeast Asia, tropical peatlands are being rapidly deforested and drained. The blackwater rivers draining these peatland areas have high concentrations of DOM and the potential to be hotspots for CO2 release. However, the fate of this fluvial carbon export is uncertain, and its role as a trace metal carrier has never been investigated. This work aims to address these gaps in our understanding of tropical peatland DOM and associated elements in the context of degraded tropical peatlands in Indonesian Borneo. We quantified dissolved organic carbon and trace metal concentrations in the dissolved and fine colloidal (<0.22 µm) and coarse colloidal (0.22–2.7 µm) fractions and determined the characteristics (δ13C, absorbance, fluorescence: excitation-emission matrix and parallel factor – PARAFAC – analysis) of the peatland-derived DOM as it drains from peatland canals, flows along the Ambawang River (blackwater river) and eventually mixes with the Kapuas Kecil River (whitewater river) before meeting the ocean near the city of Pontianak in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. We observe downstream shifts in indicators of in-stream processing. An increase in the δ13C of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), along with an increase in the C1∕C2 ratio of PARAFAC fluorophores, and a decrease in SUVA (specific UV absorbance) along the continuum suggest the predominance of photo-oxidation. However, very low dissolved oxygen concentrations also suggest that oxygen is quickly consumed by microbial degradation of DOM in the shallow layers of water. Blackwater rivers draining degraded peatlands show significantly higher concentrations of Al, Fe, Pb, As, Ni and Cd compared to the whitewater river. A strong association is observed between DOM, Fe, As, Cd and Zn in the dissolved and fine colloid fraction, while Al is associated with Pb and Ni and present in a higher proportion in the coarse colloidal fraction. We additionally measured the isotopic composition of lead released from degraded tropical peatlands for the first time and show that Pb originates from anthropogenic atmospheric deposition. Degraded tropical peatlands are important sources of DOM and trace metals to rivers and a secondary source of atmospherically deposited contaminants.

Degeneration of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and its central and peripheral projections provokes sensory neuronopathy (SN), a rare disorder with multiple genetic and acquired causes. Clinically, patients with SN usually present with proprioceptive ataxia, patchy and asymmetric sensory abnormalities, widespread areflexia and no weakness. Classic causes of SN include cancer, Sjögren’s syndrome, vitamin deficiency, chemotherapy, mitochondrial disorders and Friedreich ataxia. More recently, new genetic and dysimmune disorders associated with SN have been described, including RFC1 gene-linked cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) and anti-FGFR3 antibodies. In this review, we detail the pathophysiology of DRG degeneration, and the genetic and acquired causes of SN, with a special focus on the recently described CANVAS and anti-FGFR3 antibodies. We also propose a user-friendly and easily implemented SN diagnostic strategy.

rocks of the Cuiaba Group, into the inner portion of the Paraguay Belt (Brazil). They occur in a belt (~1200 m) where the host rocks are graphitic phyllites, metadiamictites, metasiltites and sandstones metamorphosed in greenschist facies. In these deposits gold occurs free or included in pyrite related to three types of quartz veins, parallel to Sn (V1), parallel to Sn+1 (V2) and orthogonal (V3) which are rich in gold. The study of outcrops in regional profiles, open mines for gold exploration and drilling holes in the Cangas-Poconé alignment indicate that the preferential location of gold mineralization at (Cangas Facies) is related to the existence of strong lithological control of the mineralizations.The Cangas facies present low permeability of rhythmite, structural arrangement of permeability barriers S0 and S1 at high angle with respect to the fluid migration path and mainly the presence of ferruginous levels acting as geochemical barriers for precipitation of metals in solution in the fluid. The knowledge that gold concentration is related to sedimentary control is important for regional exploration and is a guide for local miners. CONTROLE LITOSTRATIGRÁFICO DOS DEPÓSITOS AURÍFEROS DO LINEAMENTO CANGAS-POCONÉ (CINTURÃO PARAGUAI): IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A EXPLORAÇÃO REGIONAL ResumoOs depósitos de Cangas-Poconé estão hospedados em rochas metassedimentares do Grupo Cuiabá, na porção interna do Cinturão do Paraguai (Brasil). Eles ocorrem em um cinturão (~ 1200 m), onde as rochas hospedeiras são filitos, metadiamictitos, metasiltitos e arenitos grafitados, metamorfoseados em fácies de xisto verde. Nesses depósitos, o ouro ocorre livre ou incluído em pirita relacionada a três tipos de veios de quartzo. O estudo de afloramentos em perfis regionais, minas abertas para exploração de ouro e perfurações no alinhamento Cangas-Poconé indica que a localização preferencial da mineralização de ouro em (Cangas Facies) está relacionada à existência de forte controle litológico.O conhecimento de que a mineralização de ouro está relacionada ao controle sedimentar é importante para a exploração regional e é um guia para os mineradores locais. Palavras-chave: Ouro. Controle Sedimentar. Grupo Cuiabá. Cinturão do Paraguai.

The changes that lithium brought are most fully understood when we grasp the difficulties for management that acute mania presented. Restraint in canvas camisoles, padded cells, paraldehyde, water-baths and salts—Epsom, not Lithium—met mania in echos of Bedlam still heard in the early 1950s. It is a part of psychiatric history important to remember.

The aim of the present study was to compare mandibular neurovascular canal anatomy in human and great apes by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The anatomical variability of mandibular neurovascular canals (mandibular, incisive and lingual canals) of 129 modern humans and great apes (Homo, Pan and Gorilla) were analyzed by linear measurements on CBCT images. The Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test and Dunn’s all pairs for joint ranks were applied to compare the variability of mandibular canals among these groups. Human, Chimpanzee and Gorilla groups showed significant differences in the dimensions of the mandibular canal, mental foramen, incisive canal, lingual canal and anterior mandibular bone width. Bifid mandibular canals and anterior loops were the anatomical variations most frequently observed in the Gorilla. Humans had a larger mental foramen and a distinctive incisive canal. The latter could not be identified in the Gorilla group. The variability in the anatomy within mandibles of human and non-human primates, shows different forms in the neurovascular structures. In comparison to the mandible of great apes, the incisive canal is suggested to be a feature unique to the human mandible.

This paper makes a practical analysis about the paradigm on the instrumentation of curved root canals. In Endodontics, a paradigm has been created. Theories and techniques for instrumentation of curved root canals state that the use of a #25 file in the apical portion fulfills all the requirements for cleaning and shaping of the root canal system. Every scientific theory or paradigm should be continuously opened to modifications or refutation. The existence of extremely flexible instruments fabricated from metal alloys, methods for accurate determination of the real anatomic diameter and achievement of optimal shaping and cleaning of the apical portion created new theories and a new paradigm on the instrumentation of curved root canals. Therefore, this new insight will gradually modify the mentality of researchers and clinicians, but will still be open to further investigations and theories.

Abstract It is widely acknowledged that the freer, more sexualized movements of social dancing in the early twentieth century (1900–1929) accompanied the beginnings of female emancipation both socially and politically. However, less explored are the similarities between the provocative, inelegant choreography of such social dances and the symptoms of female hysteria, a medical phenomenon that saw the body as a canvas for mental distress as provoked by social tensions. This essay will address the possible alignment of hysteria and popular social dance in relation to the evolving Modern Woman. It will examine the motivations of modern, ‘hysterical’ dances, and discuss their progressive status in terms of gender by considering perceived psychosomatic interactions within the female dancing body.

Introduction. The endodontically treated teeth (ETT) with thin remaining radicular dentin thickness are predisposed to fracture; hence it requires the diligent selection and the execution of endodontic post treatment. The objective of the study was to evaluate the reinforcing effect of both multiple fiber reinforced composite (FRC) and Ni-Cr cast metal posts at anterior and posterior regions. Material and Methods. Forty recently extracted root canal treated canine and single rooted premolar teeth were used for the study. They were randomly divided into four groups (n=10) as: Group 1, single FRC post; Group 2, multiple FRC posts; Group 3, single Ni-Cr metal post, Group 4, multiple Ni-Cr posts. The posts were cemented with self-adhesive resin cement and subsequently restored with full veneer metal crown. The compressive static load at 1300 for canine and 450 for premolar was applied with the cross-head speed of 0.5mm/minute until the fracture. The obtained data was analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Pairwise comparison tests with SPSS. Results. The results indicate that multiple FRC post restored canine had the maximum fracture load (1843.80±7.13 N), followed by cast multiple posts (1648.99±26.84 N), single fiber post (1623±40.31 N), and cast metal single post (1493±27.33 N). A similar trend was observed in premolar with higher max fracture load with multiple FRC posts at 1920.86±20.61 N and multiple cast metal posts at 1735.43±6.05 N. Conclusion. The restoration of ETT with larger canals by multiple FRC and metal posts provides substantially higher fracture resistance in comparison to wider single post.

The mental processes that al-low an artist to transform visual images-e.g. those of his model-into a picture on the canvas are not easily studied. The authors re-port work measuring the eye and hand movements of a single artist, chosen for his detailed and realis-tic portraits produced from life. His eye fixations when painting or drawing were of twice the duration of those when he was not painting and also quite different from those of novice artists. His eye-hand co-ordination pattern also showed dif-ferences from that of novices, be-ing more temporally consistent. This preliminary work suggests that detailed and quantitative analy-sis of a working artist is feasible and will illuminate the process of artistic creation.

This study assessed heavy metal contents and their mobility, bioaccessibility, environmental risk, and health effects in the farmland soils of Drinking Water Source Quality Protection (DWSQP) areas contaminated by livestock manure and a paddy field contaminated by co-use of irrigation and drainage canals in Taiwan. The risk assessment code (RAC) and synthesis toxicity index (STI) for the soils were obtained. The potential health effects caused from soil direct ingestion by hand-to-mouth activity and dermal contact frequently occurring to farmers were further evaluated. The Cu, Zn, and Cr levels in DWSQP areas and the Changhwa (CH) paddy field exceeded the standards promulgated by Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (EPA). Nevertheless, RAC in DWSQP areas was in low risk levels. In contrast, RAC from Cu and Zn in CH paddy soils was in medium levels. Non-carcinogenic risks for farmers based on the total and bioaccessible metals in DWSQP areas and CH soils were all <1. However, carcinogenic risks based on bioaccessible Cr still exceeded 10−6 in several soils, indicating that the potential impacts on environmental and human health due to direct and indirect exposures to these contaminated soils should be concerned.