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Journal articles on the topic 'METAL ASSISTED TITANIUM DIOXIDE'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Machut, Cécile, Nicolas Kania, Bastien Léger, Frédéric Wyrwalski, Sébastien Noël, Ahmed Addad, Eric Monflier, and Anne Ponchel. "Fast Microwave Synthesis of Gold-Doped TiO2 Assisted by Modified Cyclodextrins for Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye and Hydrogen Production." Catalysts 10, no. 7 (July 18, 2020): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10070801.

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A convenient and fast microwave synthesis of gold-doped titanium dioxide materials was developed with the aid of commercially available and common cyclodextrin derivatives, acting both as reducing and stabilizing agents. Anatase titanium oxide was synthesized from titanium chloride by microwave heating without calcination. Then, the resulting titanium oxide was decorated by gold nanoparticles thanks to a microwave-assisted reduction of HAuCl4 by cyclodextrin in alkaline conditions. The materials were fully characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, while the metal content was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The efficiency of the TiO2@Au materials was evaluated with respect to two different photocatalytic reactions, such as dye degradation and hydrogen evolution from water.

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2

Kolmer, Marek, Ann-Kristin Steiner, Irena Izydorczyk, Wonhee Ko, Mads Engelund, Marek Szymonski, An-Ping Li, and Konstantin Amsharov. "Rational synthesis of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons directly on metal oxide surfaces." Science 369, no. 6503 (June 25, 2020): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb8880.

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Atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) attract great interest because of their highly tunable electronic, optical, and transport properties. However, on-surface synthesis of GNRs is typically based on metal surface–assisted chemical reactions, where metallic substrates strongly screen their designer electronic properties and limit further applications. Here, we present an on-surface synthesis approach to forming atomically precise GNRs directly on semiconducting metal oxide surfaces. The thermally triggered multistep transformations preprogrammed in our precursors’ design rely on highly selective and sequential activations of carbon-bromine (C-Br) and carbon-fluorine (C-F) bonds and cyclodehydrogenation. The formation of planar armchair GNRs terminated by well-defined zigzag ends is confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, which also reveal weak interaction between GNRs and the rutile titanium dioxide substrate.

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Ye, Sihong, Hui Sun, Juan Wu, Lingzhong Wan, Ying Ni, Rui Wang, Zhouyang Xiang, and Xiaonan Deng. "Supercritical CO2 Assisted TiO2 Preparation to Improve the UV Resistance Properties of Cotton Fiber." Polymers 14, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 5513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245513.

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Cotton fiber is favored by people because of its good moisture absorption, heat preservation, soft feel, comfortable wearing and other excellent performance. In recent years, due to the destruction of the ozone layer, the intensity of ultraviolet radiation at ground level has increased. Cotton fiber will degrade under long time ultraviolet irradiation, which limits the outdoor application of cotton fiber. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles were prepared on the surface of cotton fibers with the help of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) to improve the UV resistance of cotton fibers. The effects of SCCO2 treatment on the morphology, surface composition, thermal stability, photostability and mechanical properties of TiO2 were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and single fiber test. The results showed that TiO2 particles were generated on the fiber surface, which reduced the photo-degradation rate of cotton fiber. This is because TiO2 can absorb UV rays and reduce the absorption of UV rays by the cotton fiber itself. The synthesis process of SCCO2 is simple and environmentally friendly, which provides a promising technology for the synthesis of metal nitrogen dioxide on natural plant fibers.

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4

Imoisili, Patrick Ehi, Tien-Chien Jen, and Babak Safaei. "Microwave-assisted sol–gel synthesis of TiO2-mixed metal oxide nanocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutant." Nanotechnology Reviews 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2021-0016.

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Abstract Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most effective photocatalysts for low-cost degradation of organic pollutant; however, the wide band gap and the high recombination rate of the charge carriers are drawbacks that hinders it practical application. In this study, TiO2 and titanium mixed metal oxides ternary (V/Ag/TiO2) nanocatalyst was synthesized through a microwave-assisted sol–gel route using Ti(C4H9O)4, NH4VO3, and AgNO3 as precursors. The XRD analysis of the synthesized TiO2 and V/Ag/TiO2 depicts lattice fringes for rutile and anatase crystalline phases. Raman spectra indicate the formation of a mesoporous multiphase sample mixture of rutile and anatase phases. The spectrum shift to the visible light region was demonstrated by the UV-visible spectroscopy analysis. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) reveals a reduced band gap of 2.9 eV for TiO2 and 2.65 eV for V/Ag/TiO2. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) indicates a large surface area of 92.8 and 84.8 m2 g−1 for TiO2 and V/Ag/TiO2, respectively. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm exhibits type IV isotherm, signifying the presence of the mesoporous structure. SEM portrays a cluster of rod-like aggregate particles, while the HRTEM analysis illustrates nanoparticles of rod-like cylindrical shape with a homogeneous size diameter. The synthesized nanocatalyst demonstrated a significant photocatalytic ability in the degradation of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB). V/Ag/TiO2 shows higher activity in the visible region. Thus, the present report suggests efficient, suitable, and economical microwave-assisted sol–gel techniques to yield V/Ag/TiO2 nanocatalysts with harnessed photocatalytic performance for the degradation of toxic organic pollutants in the presence of visible light irradiation.

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5

Gonçalves, Juliana P. L., Afnan Q. Shaikh, Manuela Reitzig, Daria A. Kovalenko, Jan Michael, René Beutner, Gianaurelio Cuniberti, Dieter Scharnweber, and Jörg Opitz. "Detonation nanodiamonds biofunctionalization and immobilization to titanium alloy surfaces as first steps towards medical application." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (November 26, 2014): 2765–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.293.

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Due to their outstanding properties nanodiamonds are a promising nanoscale material in various applications such as microelectronics, polishing, optical monitoring, medicine and biotechnology. Beyond the typical diamond characteristics like extreme hardness or high thermal conductivity, they have additional benefits as intrinsic fluorescence due to lattice defects without photobleaching, obtained during the high pressure high temperature process. Further the carbon surface and its various functional groups in consequence of the synthesis, facilitate additional chemical and biological modification. In this work we present our recent results on chemical modification of the nanodiamond surface with phosphate groups and their electrochemically assisted immobilization on titanium-based materials to increase adhesion at biomaterial surfaces. The starting material is detonation nanodiamond, which exhibits a heterogeneous surface due to the functional groups resulting from the nitrogen-rich explosives and the subsequent purification steps after detonation synthesis. Nanodiamond surfaces are chemically homogenized before proceeding with further functionalization. Suspensions of resulting surface-modified nanodiamonds are applied to the titanium alloy surfaces and the nanodiamonds subsequently fixed by electrochemical immobilization. Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in bone and dental implants for being a metal that is biocompatible with body tissues and able to bind with adjacent bone during healing. In order to improve titanium material properties towards biomedical applications the authors aim to increase adhesion to bone material by incorporating nanodiamonds into the implant surface, namely the anodically grown titanium dioxide layer. Differently functionalized nanodiamonds are characterized by infrared spectroscopy and the modified titanium alloys surfaces by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The process described shows an adsorption and immobilization of modified nanodiamonds on titanium; where aminosilanized nanodiamonds coupled with O-phosphorylethanolamine show a homogeneous interaction with the titanium substrate.

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6

Ullah, F., N. M. Mohamed, U. Ghani, and M. S. M. Saheed. "First Principle DFT + U Calculations for the Optoelectronic Properties of Cu and C-Cu co-doped TiO2 Anatase Model." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 7 (2022): 1863–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23621.

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The metal-cations and non-metal anions mono-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) systems have shown limited success as an efficient photocatalyst for various photocatalytic applications. Instead, the co-doping of TiO2 with metal and non-metal dopants is transpired as an effective doping approach to reduce the wide bandgap of the TiO2 and harvest a greater amount of the visible solar spectrum. Herein, a computational study was systematically performed to develop an efficient carbon-copper (C-Cu) co-doped TiO2 anatase system and compared its optoelectronic characteristics with the copper (Cu) mono-doped TiO2 system. The structural properties simulated with Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof assisted generalized gradient approximation (GGA + PBE) whereas the electronic and optical properties with Hubbard’s modified (GGA + U) approximation. The electronic band structure and density of states plots display reduced bandgap energy of 2.30 eV for the C-Cu co-doped TiO2 anatase model in comparison to Cu mono-doped TiO2 anatase model. Moreover, the absorption spectra display a redshift of the optical absorption edge up to 515 nm for the co-doped system. Overall, the DFT work provide clear insights and predictions that the C-Cu co-doped TiO2 anatase model has an efficient bandgap narrowing with a significant redshift of the optical absorption edge in comparison to Cu mono-doped TiO2 model.

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Munukoti, Bhaskararao, and Venkateswara Rao Battula. "One-pot ultrasonication assisted synthesis of biologically active 1, 3, 4- oxadiazole derivatives catalyzed by TiO2 nanoparticles." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2605rjce168176.

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A novel approach was adopted in the one-pot synthesis of 2-phenyl-5-aryl substituted-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives through ultrasonication. Substituted carboxylic acids (1a-l) underwent condensation with benzohydrazide (13) in the presence of ortho- (benzotriazol-1-yl)-N, N, Nʹ, Nʹ-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) to form diacylhydrazine derivatives (3a-l). In the next step, the derivatives 3a-l were subjected to cyclodehydration in the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of dichloromethane (DCM) solvent, at room temperature through which excellent pure yields of substutitued 1, 3, 4- oxadiazoles (4a-l) were obtained. These synthesized derivatives were characterized by spectral techniques like 1HNMR, 13CNMR, Mass spectrophotometers and the respective elemental analysis was determined. The reaction scheme was also performed with other metal oxides NPs (CuO, ZnO, NiO) and the results have shown that TiO2 NPs were most effective in forming the best yields of the derivatives. Their biological applicability was investigated by conducting anti-bacterial studies against gram-negative Escherichia coli and grampositive Staphylococcus aurues. In these studies, almost majority of the derivatives have shown positive results in deactivating the micro-organisms.

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8

Mattli, Manohar Reddy, Penchal Reddy Matli, Adnan Khan, Rokaya Hamdy Abdelatty, Moinuddin Yusuf, Abdulla Al Ashraf, Rama Gopal Kotalo, and Rana Abdul Shakoor. "Study of Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Al/SiC/TiO2 Hybrid Nanocomposites Developed by Microwave Sintering." Crystals 11, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091078.

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Aluminum hybrid metal matrix nanocomposites (Al/SiC/TiO2) were synthesized through a microwave-assisted powder metallurgy process, and their evolved microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The Al/SiC/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposites were prepared by reinforcing aluminum (Al) matrix with a fixed amount of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles (5 wt.%) and varying concentrations of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (3, 6, and 9 wt.%). The morphology results revealeda uniform distribution of SiC and TiO2 reinforcements in the aluminum matrix. An increase in the hardness and compressive strength of the Al/SiC/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposites was noticed with the increasein TiO2 nanoparticles. The Al/SiC/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposites that had an optimum amount of TiO2 nanoparticles (9 wt.%) showcased the best mechanical properties, with maximum increments of approximately 124%, 90%, and 23% of microhardness (83 ± 3 HV), respectively, yield strength (139 ± 8 MPa), and ultimate compression strength (375 ± 6 MPa) as compared to that of pure Al matrix. The Al/SiC/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposites exhibited the shear mode of fracture during their deformation process.

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9

Gawlik, Maciej, Jakub Trawiński, and Robert Skibiński. "Photocatalysis as a Tool for in Vitro Drug Metabolism Simulation: Multivariate Comparison of Twelve Metal Oxides on a Set of Twenty Model Drugs." Catalysts 10, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10010026.

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The constant development in the area of medicinal substances on the market and their subsequent progress in the field of drug analysis has become one of the reasons for the search for alternative, cheaper, and faster methods to determine the metabolism pathways of new molecular entities (NMEs). The simulation of transformation processes using photocatalysis is considered to be one of the promising methods. Although its effectiveness has been proven, the research has so far focused especially on titanium dioxide, while a more accurate comparison of the suitability of different photocatalysts in terms of their use in drug metabolism studies has not been performed. For this purpose, a set of twelve metal oxides was prepared and their photocatalytic efficiency in the direction of drug metabolism mimicking was checked on a model mixture of twenty medicinal substances differing both in chemical structure and pharmacological properties. Incubation with human liver microsomes (HLMs) was used as the reference method. The metabolic profiles obtained with the use of LC-MS analysis were compared using multidimensional chemometric techniques; and the graphic presentation of the results in the form of PCA plot and cluster dendrogram enabled their detailed interpretation and discussion. All tested photocatalysts confirmed their effectiveness. However, the exact outcome of the study indicate advantage of the WO3-assisted photocatalysis over other metal oxides.

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10

Boltersdorf, Jonathan, Asher C. Leff, Gregory T. Forcherio, Joshua P. McClure, and Cynthia A. Lundgren. "Surface Plasmon Resonant Gold-Palladium Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Promoting Catalytic Oxidation." MRS Advances 4, no. 33-34 (2019): 1877–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.222.

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AbstractColloidal gold-palladium (Au-Pd) bimetallic nanoparticles were used as catalysts to study the ethanol (EtOH) photo-oxidation cycle, with an emphasis towards driving carbon-carbon (C-C) bond cleavage at low temperatures. Au-Pd bimetallic alloy and core-shell nanoparticles were prepared to synergistically couple a plasmonic absorber (Au) with a catalytic metal (Pd) with composite optical and catalytic properties tailored towards promoting photocatalytic oxidation. Catalysts utilizing metals that exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) can be harnessed for light-driven enhancement for small molecule oxidation via augmented photocarrier generation/separation and photothermal conversion. The coupling of Au to Pd in an alloy or core-shell nanostructure maintains SPR-induced charge separation, mitigates the poisoning effects on Pd, and allows for improved EtOH oxidation. The Au-Pd nanoparticles were coupled to semiconducting titanium dioxide photocatalysts to probe their effects on plasmonically-assisted photocatalytic oxidation of EtOH. Complete oxidation of EtOH to CO2 under solar simulated-light irradiation was confirmed by monitoring the yield of gaseous products. Bimetallics provide a pathway for driving desired photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical reactions with superior catalytic activity and selectivity.

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11

Zhang, X. W., and G. R. Han. "Microporous textured titanium dioxide films deposited at atmospheric pressure using dielectric barrier discharge assisted chemical vapor deposition." Thin Solid Films 516, no. 18 (July 2008): 6140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.11.019.

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12

Li, Lingjun, Zhaoyong Chen, Liubin Song, Ming Xu, Huali Zhu, Li Gong, and Kaili Zhang. "Characterization and electrochemical performance of lithium-active titanium dioxide inlaid LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 material prepared by lithium residue-assisted method." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 638 (July 2015): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.03.071.

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13

Durante, Ofelia, Cinzia Di Giorgio, Veronica Granata, Joshua Neilson, Rosalba Fittipaldi, Antonio Vecchione, Giovanni Carapella, et al. "Emergence and Evolution of Crystallization in TiO2 Thin Films: A Structural and Morphological Study." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061409.

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Among all transition metal oxides, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most intensively investigated materials due to its large range of applications, both in the amorphous and crystalline forms. We have produced amorphous TiO2 thin films by means of room temperature ion-plasma assisted e-beam deposition, and we have heat-treated the samples to study the onset of crystallization. Herein, we have detailed the earliest stage and the evolution of crystallization, as a function of both the annealing temperature, in the range 250–1000 °C, and the TiO2 thickness, varying between 5 and 200 nm. We have explored the structural and morphological properties of the as grown and heat-treated samples with Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffractometry, and Raman spectroscopy. We have observed an increasing crystallization onset temperature as the film thickness is reduced, as well as remarkable differences in the crystallization evolution, depending on the film thickness. Moreover, we have shown a strong cross-talking among the complementary techniques used displaying that also surface imaging can provide distinctive information on material crystallization. Finally, we have also explored the phonon lifetime as a function of the TiO2 thickness and annealing temperature, both ultimately affecting the degree of crystallinity.

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Lin, Ting-Han, Yin-Hsuan Chang, Kuo-Ping Chiang, Jer-Chyi Wang, and Ming-Chung Wu. "Nanoscale Multidimensional Pd/TiO2/g-C3N4 Catalyst for Efficient Solar-Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production." Catalysts 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11010059.

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Solar-to-fuel conversion is an innovative concept for green energy, attracting many researchers to explore them. Solar-driven photocatalysts have become an essential solution to provide valuable chemicals like hydrogen, hydrocarbon, and ammonia. For sustainable stability under solar irradiation, titanium dioxide is regarded as an acceptable candidate, further showing excellent photocatalytic activity. Incorporating the photo-sensitizers, including noble metal nanoparticles and polymeric carbon-based material, can improve its photoresponse and facilitate the electron transfer and collection. In this study, we synthesized the graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheet incorporated with high crystalline TiO2 nanofibers (NF) as 1D/2D heterostructure catalyst for photocatalytic water splitting. The microstructure, optical absorption, crystal structure, charge carrier dynamics, and specific surface area were characterized systematically. The low bandgap of 2D g-C3N4 nanosheets (NS) as a sensitizer improves the specific surface area and photo-response in the visible region as the incorporated amount increases. Because of the band structure difference between TiO2 and g-C3N4, constructing the heterojunction formation, the superior separation of electron-hole is observed. The detection of reactive oxygen species and photo-assisted Kelvin probe microscopy are conducted to investigates the possible charge migration. The highest photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of Pd/TiO2/g-C3N4 achieves 11.62 mmol·h−1·g−1 under xenon lamp irradiation.

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Maldonado-Larios, L., R. Mayen-Mondragón, R. D. Martínez-Orozco, U. Páramo-García, N. V. Gallardo-Rivas, and R. García-Alamilla. "Electrochemically-assisted fabrication of titanium-dioxide/polyaniline nanocomposite films for the electroremediation of congo red in aqueous effluents." Synthetic Metals 268 (October 2020): 116464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2020.116464.

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16

Sescu, Amalia Maria, Lidia Favier, Doina Lutic, Nicolas Soto-Donoso, Gabriela Ciobanu, and Maria Harja. "TiO2 Doped with Noble Metals as an Efficient Solution for the Photodegradation of Hazardous Organic Water Pollutants at Ambient Conditions." Water 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13010019.

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This work highlights new insights into the performance of TiO2 doped with noble metal catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of organic water pollutants. Different samples of titanium dioxide doped with noble metals (Au and Pd) were successfully synthesized via incipient wet impregnation (IWI) and ultrasound-assisted impregnation (US) methods. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy were used for the characterization of the obtained materials. Their photocatalytic efficiency was investigated in aqueous suspension thorough a series of laboratory tests performed under ultraviolet (UV-A) irradiation conditions using 2,4 dinitrophenol (2,4 DNP) as a target molecule. The results clearly show that the method used for the catalyst synthesis affects its photocatalytic activity. It was found that the samples prepared by the IWI method exhibited high photocatalytic activity, and the removal rate obtained with TiO2-Pd/IWI was higher than that found for TiO2-Au/IWI. Furthermore, for the best catalyst, some extra photocatalytic experiments were conducted with rhodamine 6G (R6G), a highly stable molecule with a very different chemical structure to 2,4 DNP, in order to check the reactivity of this material. Moreover, the recycling experiments carried out with TiO2-Pd/IWI clearly demonstrated the high photocatalytic stability of this material for the degradation of 2,4 DNP. All of the collected data confirmed the interesting photocatalytic potential of the selected catalyst in the elimination of organic pollutants with no obvious change in its reactivity after four reaction cycles, which is very promising for promoting future applications in water depollution.

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Li, Shunxing, Fengying Zheng, Shujie Cai, Wenjie Liang, and Yancai Li. "A visible light assisted photocatalytic system for determination of chemical oxygen demand using 5-sulfosalicylic acid in situ surface modified titanium dioxide." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 188 (November 2013): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.06.105.

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18

Karagiannis, Evangelos, Dimitra Papadaki, and Margarita N. Assimakopoulos. "Circular self-cleaning building materials and fabrics using dual doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanomaterials." AIMS Materials Science 9, no. 4 (2022): 534–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2022032.

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<abstract> <p>Nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) among other oxides can be used as a prominent photocatalytic nanomaterial with self-cleaning properties. TiO<sub>2</sub> is selected in this research, due to its high photocatalytic activity, high stability and low cost. Metal doping has proved to be a successful approach for enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency of photocatalysts. Photocatalytic products can be applied in the building sector, using both building materials as a matrix, but also in fabrics. In this study undoped and Mn-In, Mn-Cu, In-Ni, Mn-Ni bimetallic doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanostructures were synthesized using the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. Decolorization efficiency of applied nanocoatings on fabrics and 3-D printed sustainable blocks made from recycled building materials was studied, both under UV as well as visible light for Methylene Blue (MB), using a self-made depollution and self-cleaning apparatus. Nanocoated samples showed high MB decolorization and great potential in self-cleaning applications. Results showed that the highest MB decolorization for both applications were observed for 0.25 at% Mn-In doped TiO<sub>2</sub>. For the application of 3-D printed blocks Mn-In and In-Ni doped TiO<sub>2</sub> showed the highest net MB decolorization, 25.1 and 22.6%, respectively. For the application of nanocoated fabrics, three samples (Mn-In, In-Ni and Mn-Cu doped TiO<sub>2</sub>) showed high MB decolorization (58.1, 52.7 and 47.6%, respectively) under indirect sunlight, while under UV light the fabric coated with Mn-In and In-Ni doped TiO<sub>2</sub> showed the highest MB decolorization rate 26.1 and 24.0%, respectively.</p> </abstract>

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Mogal, Sajid I., Manish Mishra, Vimal G. Gandhi, and Rajesh J. Tayade. "Metal Doped Titanium Dioxide: Synthesis and Effect of Metal Ions on Physico-Chemical and Photocatalytic Properties." Materials Science Forum 734 (December 2012): 364–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.734.364.

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Titanium dioxide (Titania; TiO2) is one of the most widely used metal oxide semiconductor in the field of photocatalysis for removal of pollutants. It has been noted that titanium dioxide is a research friendly material as its physico-chemical and catalytic properties can be easily altered as per specific application. Since many years, researchers have tried to modify the properties of titanium dioxide by means of doping with metals and non-metals to improve its performance for photocatalytic degradation (PCD) applications. The doping of various metal ions like Ag, Ni, Co, Au, Cu, V, Ru, Fe, La, Pt, Cr, Ce, etc. in titanium dioxide have been found to be influencing the band gap, surface area, particle size, thermal property, etc. and therefore the photocatalytic activity in PCD. Moreover, photocatalytic activity of doped titanium dioxide has been observed in visible light range (i.e., at wavelength >400 nm). In this review, different synthesis route for doping of metal ions in titanium dioxide have been emphasised. The effect of metal dopant on the structural, textural and photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide has been reviewed.

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20

Mohanty, Jayashree, P. C. Rath, T. Subbaiah, K. G. Mishra, and R. K. Paramguru. "Preparation of titanium metal by electrochemical reduction of titanium dioxide." Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 62, no. 3 (June 2009): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-009-0028-7.

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Ileperuma, O. A., K. Tennakone, and W. D. D. P. Dissanayake. "Photocatalytic behaviour of metal doped titanium dioxide." Applied Catalysis 62, no. 1 (June 1990): L1—L5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-9834(00)82226-5.

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22

Dvoranová, Dana, Vlasta Brezová, Milan Mazúr, and Mounir A. Malati. "Investigations of metal-doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 37, no. 2 (April 2002): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-3373(01)00335-6.

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23

Constantin, Lucian Alexandru, Ines Nitoi, Nicolae Ionut Cristea, and Mirela Alina Constantin. "METHYLPARABEN DEGRADATION USING TITANIUM DIOXIDE ASSISTED PHOTO CATALYSE." Book of Abstracts E-SIMI 2020, E-SIMI 2020 (October 6, 2020): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2020.ab11.

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24

Resasco, D. E., R. J. Fenoglio, M. P. Suarez, and J. O. Cechini. "Different strong metal-support interaction effects on rhodium/titanium dioxide and platinum/titanium dioxide catalysts." Journal of Physical Chemistry 90, no. 18 (August 1986): 4330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100409a021.

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25

Ovcharov, M. L., V. V. Shvalagin, N. D. Shcherban, M. A. Nazarkovskii, and V. M. Granchak. "Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Using Titanium Dioxide and Metal–Semiconductor Nanostructures Made from Titanium Dioxide." Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry 49, no. 3 (July 2013): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11237-013-9311-0.

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Wang, W. J., C. X. Shan, H. Zhu, F. Y. Ma, D. Z. Shen, X. W. Fan, and K. L. Choy. "Metal–insulator–semiconductor–insulator–metal structured titanium dioxide ultraviolet photodetector." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 43, no. 4 (January 12, 2010): 045102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/43/4/045102.

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27

Jou, Chih-Ju G., Chien-Li Lee, Cheng-Hsien Tsai, and H. Paul Wang. "Microwave-Assisted Photocatalytic Degradation of Trichloroethylene Using Titanium Dioxide." Environmental Engineering Science 25, no. 7 (September 2008): 975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2007.0155.

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Peiró, Ana M., Enric Brillas, José Peral, Xavier Domènech, and José A. Ayllón. "Electrochemically assisted deposition of titanium dioxide on aluminium cathodes." J. Mater. Chem. 12, no. 9 (2002): 2769–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b203922b.

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Liu, Lin, Ying Li, E. Tao, Zhigang Jiang, Shuyi Yang, Jiasheng Xu, and Jianhua Qian. "Surfactant-assisted titanium dioxide/graphene composite for enhanced conductivity." Materials Chemistry and Physics 217 (September 2018): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2018.05.075.

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30

Zakrzewska, K. "Noble metal/titanium dioxide nanocermets for photoelectrochemical applications." Solid State Ionics 157, no. 1-4 (February 2003): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2738(02)00232-1.

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31

Ahmad, Waseem, Ajay Singh, Vikas Singh Mishrwan, Saloni Joshi, and Ankita Rawat. "Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Applications." Asian Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 8 (2023): 1770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.27287.

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The emergence of nanomaterials as an exciting class of materials is the main reason for the high demand for nanoparticle utility and practical applications in the modern era. At present, the green synthesis process has proved to be the most advanced method in the production of nanoparticles. In green synthetic method, plant or its part is used for bioreduction of metal ions to their elemental form. Nanoparticles manufactured by this method are simple, accessible, eco-friendly and available at low cost and can be easily scaled up for larger operations. For this reason, in the modern era, their application is being done in areas like biosensors, lithium ion batteries, water purification, electrocatalysis, coating, photo-thermal therapies, drug delivery, etc. Among the different metal and metal oxide nanoparticles TiO2 is one of the most promising nanoparticles due to their unique structural chemical and morphological properties. Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by using extract of different biological agent is one of the most growing areas of research. Phytochemicals, enzymes, and proteins, all bioactive components, play an essential role in the production of nanoparticles. The potentiality of titania (TiO2) to operate as an antibacterial and photocatalytic agent is one of the topics that has garnered the most interest from the scientific community. This review provides an overview of different available green synthesis method for the fabrication of TiO2 nanoparticles and also highlighted the different industrial applications of TiO2.

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32

Knezevic, Ivan, Nevena Zdjelarevic, Marija Obrenovic, and Milos Vujisic. "Absorbed dose assessment in particle-beam irradiated metal-oxide and metal-nonmetal memristors." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 27, no. 3 (2012): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1203290k.

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Absorbed dose was estimated after Monte Carlo simulation of proton and ion beam irradiation on metal-oxide and metal-nonmetal memristors. A memristive device comprises two electrodes, each of a nanoscale width, and a double-layer active region disposed between and in electrical contact with electrodes. Following materials were considered for the active region: titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, hafnium dioxide, strontium titanium trioxide and galium nitride. Obtained results show that significant amount of oxygen ion - oxygen and nonmetal ion - nonmetal vacancy pairs is to be generated. The loss of such vacancies from the device is believed to deteriorate the device performance over time. Estimated absorbed dose values in the memristor for different constituting materials are of the same order of magnitude because of the close values of treshold displacement energies for the investigated materials.

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33

Jyothilal, Hiran, Gaurav Shukla, Sunil Walia, Bharath S. P., and S. Angappane. "UV assisted room temperature oxygen sensors using titanium dioxide nanostructures." Materials Research Bulletin 140 (August 2021): 111324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2021.111324.

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34

Thovicha, Mananya, and Varong Pavarajarn. "Fabrication of Mesoporous Titanium Dioxide Assisted by Resorcinol/Formaldehyde Gel." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 11, no. 1 (August 5, 2011): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.50041.

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Mesoporous structures of materials have attracted considerable attention recently because of their potential in a variety of applications. In this work, resorcinol/formaldehyde (RF) gel was used as a template for the synthesis of mesoporous titania, which is in great interest in catalysis, photocatalysis, gas sensor and photovoltaic applications. RF-gel was prepared by the sol-gel polycondensation of resorcinol (R) and formaldehyde (F). Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) was used as precursor for titania. However, direct incorporation of TTIP into RF-gel was limited by a spontaneous reaction between TTIP and RF gel, which consequently resulted in rapid solidification of the gel. Titania sol was firstly prepared from TTIP via sol-gel process. After certain period of aging time, the titania sol was added into RF mixture, which had been aged for predetermined period of time as well. After that, the mixture was further aged for another 36 hours before being dried at 80°C. Finally, the dried gel was calcined at 500°C for 4 hours to remove the RF template. The obtained titania powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface area measurement via nitrogen adsorption, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The specific surface area of the samples was in the range of 30-33 m2/g. and the average diameter of about 8.8-37.7 nm. It was found that the rate of addition for titania sol into the RF-gel had influence on the phase of the final product. The increased rate favored the formation of titania in rutile phase.

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35

Berestenko, V. I., V. I. Torbov, V. I. Chukalin, E. N. Kurkin, I. L. Balikhin, I. A. Domashnev, V. N. Troitskii, and S. T. Gurov. "Microwave-assisted chloride process for the production of titanium dioxide." High Energy Chemistry 45, no. 5 (September 2011): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s001814391105002x.

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36

Kan, C. W. "Plasma-Assisted Titanium Dioxide Wrinkle Resistant Treatment of Cotton Fabric." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 5, no. 3 (June 2014): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcea.2014.v5.382.

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37

Skorb, Ekaterina V., Daria V. Andreeva, Andrey P. Raiski, Natalya A. Belyasova, Helmuth Möhwald, and Dmitry V. Sviridov. "Titanium dioxide-assisted photocatalytic induction of prophages to lytic cycle." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 10, no. 12 (2011): 1974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1pp05195d.

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38

Bejjani, R., B. Shi, H. Attia, and M. Balazinski. "Laser assisted turning of Titanium Metal Matrix Composite." CIRP Annals 60, no. 1 (2011): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2011.03.086.

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39

Wu, Gang, Mark A. Nelson, Nathan H. Mack, Shuguo Ma, Praveen Sekhar, Fernando H. Garzon, and Piotr Zelenay. "Titanium dioxide-supported non-precious metal oxygen reduction electrocatalyst." Chemical Communications 46, no. 40 (2010): 7489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cc03088k.

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Nakao, Setsuo, Touru Nonami, Ping Jin, Yoshiko Miyagawa, and Soji Miyagawa. "High-energy metal ion implantation into titanium dioxide films." Surface and Coatings Technology 128-129 (June 2000): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(00)00594-6.

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41

Lin, Shu-Wei, and Yong Gan. "Photoresponse of Nanocomopsite Titanium Dioxide with Transitional Metal Doping." Archives of Current Research International 3, no. 2 (January 10, 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/acri/2016/23736.

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42

Strachan, John Paul, J. Joshua Yang, L. A. Montoro, C. A. Ospina, A. J. Ramirez, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, Gilberto Medeiros-Ribeiro, and R. Stanley Williams. "Characterization of electroforming-free titanium dioxide memristors." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 4 (August 7, 2013): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.4.55.

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Metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structures based on titanium dioxide have demonstrated reversible and non-volatile resistance-switching behavior and have been identified with the concept of the memristor. Microphysical studies suggest that the development of sub-oxide phases in the material drives the resistance changes. The creation of these phases, however, has a number of negative effects such as requiring an elevated voltage, increasing the device-to-device variability, damaging the electrodes due to oxygen evolution, and ultimately limiting the device lifetime. In this work we show that the deliberate inclusion of a sub-oxide layer in the MIM structure maintains the favorable switching properties of the device, while eliminating many of the negative effects. Electrical and microphysical characterization of the resulting structures was performed, utilizing X-ray and electron spectroscopy and microscopy. In contrast to structures which are not engineered with a sub-oxide layer, we observed dramatically reduced microphysical changes after electrical operation.

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43

Sooknoi, Tawan, Siriya Jiamesakul, Sitthisuntron Supothina, Angkhana Jaroenworaluck, Thammarat Panyathanmaporn, and Kannikar Juengsuwattananon. "G-1 Metal-loaded Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles as Oxidation Catalyst(Session: Titanium Oxide)." Proceedings of the Asian Symposium on Materials and Processing 2006 (2006): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeasmp.2006.126.

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44

Govinda Rajulu, G., M. Girish Kumar, B. Hari Babu, K. Srinivasa Rao, and Ch R. V. S. Nagesh. "On Chemical Synthesis of Electrochemical Reduction of Titanium Dioxide (TIO2) to Titanium Metal." Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 69, no. 5 (January 19, 2016): 999–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-015-0600-2.

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45

Sadovnikov, Alexey A., Alexander E. Baranchikov, Vladimir Kozik, Lyudmila P. Borilo, Sergey A. Kozyukhin, and Vladimir K. Ivanov. "One Step Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Fluorinated Titania Photocatalyst." Key Engineering Materials 670 (October 2015): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.670.177.

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Microwave-assisted high temperature hydrolysis of titanium oxysulfate, in the presence of ammonium fluoride, allows synthesizing nanocrystalline titanium dioxide photocatalysts possessing photocatalytic activity as high as the commercial photocatalyst Evonik Aeroxide® TiO2 P 25. Dye-sensitized reactions play an important role in organic dye discoloration in the presence of fluorinated titania.

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46

Nik Mohammad, Nik Noor Hafizah, Mohamad Hafiz Mamat, Che Mohd Som Said, Mohd Hanafiah Abidin, and Mohamad Rusop. "Surface Morphology of Nano-Sized Titanium Dioxide." Applied Mechanics and Materials 534 (February 2014): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.534.63.

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The nanoscale materials have a large surface area for a given volume. The larger particle size has some disadvantages such as it can increase the sensitivity to defects. Thus, in this study, the titanium dioxide was synthesized using new method of sol gel assisted with the milling process to investigate its structural and surface morphology. FESEM results show the agglomeration of the particles produces the large particle size of TiO2. In the milling process, longer milling time of 6 h does not affects much on the size of the particles of TiO2, but more affects on its surface morphology of TiO2. The effect on the milling amount of TiO2also were studied where 4 gram TiO2shows the highest agglomeration of the sample and 6 gram TiO2shows the smooth surface compared to others. Finally, the best structure of TiO2was added into the PMMA to investigate the effects of TiO2on the composite surface morphology.

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47

Hamilton, J. W. J., J. A. Byrne, C. McCullagh, and P. S. M. Dunlop. "Electrochemical Investigation of Doped Titanium Dioxide." International Journal of Photoenergy 2008 (2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/631597.

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Thin films of transition-metal doped (0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 atom%)TiO2were prepared on titanium foil using a sol-gel route catalyzed by ammonium acetate. Dopants investigated were the fourth-period transition metals. The prepared films were characterised by Raman spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and photoelectrochemical methods. The films doped with transition metals showed a lower photocurrent response than undoped samples. No major red shift in the photocurrent response spectra of the doped films was observed. A photocurrent response was observed under visible light irradiation of the samples and was potential dependent peaking around−0.3 V (SCE), which is indicative of electron promotion from a filled defect level. Examination of the defect level potential dependence by analysis of the current-time response under chopped illumination at fixed potential (−0.8 V–+1.07 V) gave a good correlation with the potential dependence observed in the visible light irradiation studies.

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48

Chen, Bao Ling, Long Hui Zheng, Jun Hui He, Qin Hui Chen, and Jin Huo Lin. "Effect of Solvent Properties on the Swelling Assisted with Protrusion of PS@TiO₂." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.929.

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swelling; core-shell microspheres; Janus; solubility parameter; polar fraction Abstract. Janus particles have particular properties and potential application for their asymmetry dual-faced structure. In this report, we study the effect of the solubility parameter and the polar fraction of solvent on the swelling assisted with protrusion of polystyrene @ titanium dioxide (PS@TiO2) core-shell microspheres. The resultant titanium dioxide/polystyrene (TiO2/PS) Janus particles were characterized by scanning electron microscope. Results indicated that solvent with the solubility parameter of about 9.3 (cal/cm3)1/2 and with low polarity such as dimethylbenzene, carbon disulfide and methyl methacrylate exhibited the preferable swelling efficiency. Janus particles have particular properties and potential application for their asymmetry dual-faced structure. In this report, we study the effect of the solubility parameter and the polar fraction of solvent on the swelling assisted with protrusion of polystyrene @ titanium dioxide (PS@TiO2) core-shell microspheres. The resultant titanium dioxide/polystyrene (TiO2/PS) Janus particles were characterized by scanning electron microscope. Results indicated that solvent with the solubility parameter of about 9.3 (cal/cm3)1/2 and with low polarity such as dimethylbenzene, carbon disulfide and methyl methacrylate exhibited the preferable swelling efficiency.

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49

Seah, K. H. W., S. C. Sharma, and M. Krishna. "Mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of ZA-27/TiO2 particulate metal matrix composites." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 217, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146442070321700302.

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The mechanical properties and the fracture mechanism of composites consisting of ZA-27 alloy reinforced with titanium dioxide particles were investigated with the primary objective of understanding the influence of the particulate reinforcement on the mechanical behaviour of the ZA-27 alloy. The titanium dioxide particle content in the composites ranged from 0 to 6 per cent, in steps of 2 wt %. The composites were fabricated by the stir casting technique in which the reinforcement particles were dispersed in the vortex created in the molten matrix alloy. The study revealed improvements in Young's modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), compressive strength, yield strength and hardness of the composites as the titanium dioxide content was increased, but at the expense of ductility and impact strength. The fracture behaviour of the composite was also significantly influenced by the presence of titanium dioxide particles. Eventual fracture was a result of crack propagation through the matrix as well as through the reinforcing particles. Scanning electron microscopy and fractography analyses were carried out to provide suitable explanations for the observed phenomena.

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Li, Xinzhe, Yiyun Fang, Yiping Hu, Hongfei Huo, Shiling Zhao, Xuefeng Long, Jiantai Ma, and Rong Li. "Mesoporous titanium dioxide coating on gold modified silica nanotubes: a tube-in-tube titanium nanostructure for visible-light photocatalysts." RSC Advances 5, no. 86 (2015): 69962–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra11934k.

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