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Academic literature on the topic 'METAL ASSISTED TITANIUM DIOXIDE'

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Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "METAL ASSISTED TITANIUM DIOXIDE"

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Machut, Cécile, Nicolas Kania, Bastien Léger, Frédéric Wyrwalski, Sébastien Noël, Ahmed Addad, Eric Monflier, and Anne Ponchel. "Fast Microwave Synthesis of Gold-Doped TiO2 Assisted by Modified Cyclodextrins for Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye and Hydrogen Production." Catalysts 10, no. 7 (July 18, 2020): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10070801.

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A convenient and fast microwave synthesis of gold-doped titanium dioxide materials was developed with the aid of commercially available and common cyclodextrin derivatives, acting both as reducing and stabilizing agents. Anatase titanium oxide was synthesized from titanium chloride by microwave heating without calcination. Then, the resulting titanium oxide was decorated by gold nanoparticles thanks to a microwave-assisted reduction of HAuCl4 by cyclodextrin in alkaline conditions. The materials were fully characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, while the metal content was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The efficiency of the TiO2@Au materials was evaluated with respect to two different photocatalytic reactions, such as dye degradation and hydrogen evolution from water.
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Kolmer, Marek, Ann-Kristin Steiner, Irena Izydorczyk, Wonhee Ko, Mads Engelund, Marek Szymonski, An-Ping Li, and Konstantin Amsharov. "Rational synthesis of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons directly on metal oxide surfaces." Science 369, no. 6503 (June 25, 2020): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb8880.

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Atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) attract great interest because of their highly tunable electronic, optical, and transport properties. However, on-surface synthesis of GNRs is typically based on metal surface–assisted chemical reactions, where metallic substrates strongly screen their designer electronic properties and limit further applications. Here, we present an on-surface synthesis approach to forming atomically precise GNRs directly on semiconducting metal oxide surfaces. The thermally triggered multistep transformations preprogrammed in our precursors’ design rely on highly selective and sequential activations of carbon-bromine (C-Br) and carbon-fluorine (C-F) bonds and cyclodehydrogenation. The formation of planar armchair GNRs terminated by well-defined zigzag ends is confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, which also reveal weak interaction between GNRs and the rutile titanium dioxide substrate.
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Ye, Sihong, Hui Sun, Juan Wu, Lingzhong Wan, Ying Ni, Rui Wang, Zhouyang Xiang, and Xiaonan Deng. "Supercritical CO2 Assisted TiO2 Preparation to Improve the UV Resistance Properties of Cotton Fiber." Polymers 14, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 5513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245513.

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Cotton fiber is favored by people because of its good moisture absorption, heat preservation, soft feel, comfortable wearing and other excellent performance. In recent years, due to the destruction of the ozone layer, the intensity of ultraviolet radiation at ground level has increased. Cotton fiber will degrade under long time ultraviolet irradiation, which limits the outdoor application of cotton fiber. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles were prepared on the surface of cotton fibers with the help of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) to improve the UV resistance of cotton fibers. The effects of SCCO2 treatment on the morphology, surface composition, thermal stability, photostability and mechanical properties of TiO2 were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and single fiber test. The results showed that TiO2 particles were generated on the fiber surface, which reduced the photo-degradation rate of cotton fiber. This is because TiO2 can absorb UV rays and reduce the absorption of UV rays by the cotton fiber itself. The synthesis process of SCCO2 is simple and environmentally friendly, which provides a promising technology for the synthesis of metal nitrogen dioxide on natural plant fibers.
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Imoisili, Patrick Ehi, Tien-Chien Jen, and Babak Safaei. "Microwave-assisted sol–gel synthesis of TiO2-mixed metal oxide nanocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutant." Nanotechnology Reviews 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2021-0016.

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Abstract Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most effective photocatalysts for low-cost degradation of organic pollutant; however, the wide band gap and the high recombination rate of the charge carriers are drawbacks that hinders it practical application. In this study, TiO2 and titanium mixed metal oxides ternary (V/Ag/TiO2) nanocatalyst was synthesized through a microwave-assisted sol–gel route using Ti(C4H9O)4, NH4VO3, and AgNO3 as precursors. The XRD analysis of the synthesized TiO2 and V/Ag/TiO2 depicts lattice fringes for rutile and anatase crystalline phases. Raman spectra indicate the formation of a mesoporous multiphase sample mixture of rutile and anatase phases. The spectrum shift to the visible light region was demonstrated by the UV-visible spectroscopy analysis. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) reveals a reduced band gap of 2.9 eV for TiO2 and 2.65 eV for V/Ag/TiO2. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) indicates a large surface area of 92.8 and 84.8 m2 g−1 for TiO2 and V/Ag/TiO2, respectively. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm exhibits type IV isotherm, signifying the presence of the mesoporous structure. SEM portrays a cluster of rod-like aggregate particles, while the HRTEM analysis illustrates nanoparticles of rod-like cylindrical shape with a homogeneous size diameter. The synthesized nanocatalyst demonstrated a significant photocatalytic ability in the degradation of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB). V/Ag/TiO2 shows higher activity in the visible region. Thus, the present report suggests efficient, suitable, and economical microwave-assisted sol–gel techniques to yield V/Ag/TiO2 nanocatalysts with harnessed photocatalytic performance for the degradation of toxic organic pollutants in the presence of visible light irradiation.
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Gonçalves, Juliana P. L., Afnan Q. Shaikh, Manuela Reitzig, Daria A. Kovalenko, Jan Michael, René Beutner, Gianaurelio Cuniberti, Dieter Scharnweber, and Jörg Opitz. "Detonation nanodiamonds biofunctionalization and immobilization to titanium alloy surfaces as first steps towards medical application." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (November 26, 2014): 2765–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.293.

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Due to their outstanding properties nanodiamonds are a promising nanoscale material in various applications such as microelectronics, polishing, optical monitoring, medicine and biotechnology. Beyond the typical diamond characteristics like extreme hardness or high thermal conductivity, they have additional benefits as intrinsic fluorescence due to lattice defects without photobleaching, obtained during the high pressure high temperature process. Further the carbon surface and its various functional groups in consequence of the synthesis, facilitate additional chemical and biological modification. In this work we present our recent results on chemical modification of the nanodiamond surface with phosphate groups and their electrochemically assisted immobilization on titanium-based materials to increase adhesion at biomaterial surfaces. The starting material is detonation nanodiamond, which exhibits a heterogeneous surface due to the functional groups resulting from the nitrogen-rich explosives and the subsequent purification steps after detonation synthesis. Nanodiamond surfaces are chemically homogenized before proceeding with further functionalization. Suspensions of resulting surface-modified nanodiamonds are applied to the titanium alloy surfaces and the nanodiamonds subsequently fixed by electrochemical immobilization. Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in bone and dental implants for being a metal that is biocompatible with body tissues and able to bind with adjacent bone during healing. In order to improve titanium material properties towards biomedical applications the authors aim to increase adhesion to bone material by incorporating nanodiamonds into the implant surface, namely the anodically grown titanium dioxide layer. Differently functionalized nanodiamonds are characterized by infrared spectroscopy and the modified titanium alloys surfaces by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The process described shows an adsorption and immobilization of modified nanodiamonds on titanium; where aminosilanized nanodiamonds coupled with O-phosphorylethanolamine show a homogeneous interaction with the titanium substrate.
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Ullah, F., N. M. Mohamed, U. Ghani, and M. S. M. Saheed. "First Principle DFT + U Calculations for the Optoelectronic Properties of Cu and C-Cu co-doped TiO2 Anatase Model." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 7 (2022): 1863–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23621.

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The metal-cations and non-metal anions mono-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) systems have shown limited success as an efficient photocatalyst for various photocatalytic applications. Instead, the co-doping of TiO2 with metal and non-metal dopants is transpired as an effective doping approach to reduce the wide bandgap of the TiO2 and harvest a greater amount of the visible solar spectrum. Herein, a computational study was systematically performed to develop an efficient carbon-copper (C-Cu) co-doped TiO2 anatase system and compared its optoelectronic characteristics with the copper (Cu) mono-doped TiO2 system. The structural properties simulated with Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof assisted generalized gradient approximation (GGA + PBE) whereas the electronic and optical properties with Hubbard’s modified (GGA + U) approximation. The electronic band structure and density of states plots display reduced bandgap energy of 2.30 eV for the C-Cu co-doped TiO2 anatase model in comparison to Cu mono-doped TiO2 anatase model. Moreover, the absorption spectra display a redshift of the optical absorption edge up to 515 nm for the co-doped system. Overall, the DFT work provide clear insights and predictions that the C-Cu co-doped TiO2 anatase model has an efficient bandgap narrowing with a significant redshift of the optical absorption edge in comparison to Cu mono-doped TiO2 model.
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Munukoti, Bhaskararao, and Venkateswara Rao Battula. "One-pot ultrasonication assisted synthesis of biologically active 1, 3, 4- oxadiazole derivatives catalyzed by TiO2 nanoparticles." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2605rjce168176.

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A novel approach was adopted in the one-pot synthesis of 2-phenyl-5-aryl substituted-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives through ultrasonication. Substituted carboxylic acids (1a-l) underwent condensation with benzohydrazide (13) in the presence of ortho- (benzotriazol-1-yl)-N, N, Nʹ, Nʹ-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) to form diacylhydrazine derivatives (3a-l). In the next step, the derivatives 3a-l were subjected to cyclodehydration in the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of dichloromethane (DCM) solvent, at room temperature through which excellent pure yields of substutitued 1, 3, 4- oxadiazoles (4a-l) were obtained. These synthesized derivatives were characterized by spectral techniques like 1HNMR, 13CNMR, Mass spectrophotometers and the respective elemental analysis was determined. The reaction scheme was also performed with other metal oxides NPs (CuO, ZnO, NiO) and the results have shown that TiO2 NPs were most effective in forming the best yields of the derivatives. Their biological applicability was investigated by conducting anti-bacterial studies against gram-negative Escherichia coli and grampositive Staphylococcus aurues. In these studies, almost majority of the derivatives have shown positive results in deactivating the micro-organisms.
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Mattli, Manohar Reddy, Penchal Reddy Matli, Adnan Khan, Rokaya Hamdy Abdelatty, Moinuddin Yusuf, Abdulla Al Ashraf, Rama Gopal Kotalo, and Rana Abdul Shakoor. "Study of Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Al/SiC/TiO2 Hybrid Nanocomposites Developed by Microwave Sintering." Crystals 11, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091078.

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Aluminum hybrid metal matrix nanocomposites (Al/SiC/TiO2) were synthesized through a microwave-assisted powder metallurgy process, and their evolved microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The Al/SiC/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposites were prepared by reinforcing aluminum (Al) matrix with a fixed amount of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles (5 wt.%) and varying concentrations of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (3, 6, and 9 wt.%). The morphology results revealeda uniform distribution of SiC and TiO2 reinforcements in the aluminum matrix. An increase in the hardness and compressive strength of the Al/SiC/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposites was noticed with the increasein TiO2 nanoparticles. The Al/SiC/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposites that had an optimum amount of TiO2 nanoparticles (9 wt.%) showcased the best mechanical properties, with maximum increments of approximately 124%, 90%, and 23% of microhardness (83 ± 3 HV), respectively, yield strength (139 ± 8 MPa), and ultimate compression strength (375 ± 6 MPa) as compared to that of pure Al matrix. The Al/SiC/TiO2 hybrid nanocomposites exhibited the shear mode of fracture during their deformation process.
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Gawlik, Maciej, Jakub Trawiński, and Robert Skibiński. "Photocatalysis as a Tool for in Vitro Drug Metabolism Simulation: Multivariate Comparison of Twelve Metal Oxides on a Set of Twenty Model Drugs." Catalysts 10, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10010026.

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The constant development in the area of medicinal substances on the market and their subsequent progress in the field of drug analysis has become one of the reasons for the search for alternative, cheaper, and faster methods to determine the metabolism pathways of new molecular entities (NMEs). The simulation of transformation processes using photocatalysis is considered to be one of the promising methods. Although its effectiveness has been proven, the research has so far focused especially on titanium dioxide, while a more accurate comparison of the suitability of different photocatalysts in terms of their use in drug metabolism studies has not been performed. For this purpose, a set of twelve metal oxides was prepared and their photocatalytic efficiency in the direction of drug metabolism mimicking was checked on a model mixture of twenty medicinal substances differing both in chemical structure and pharmacological properties. Incubation with human liver microsomes (HLMs) was used as the reference method. The metabolic profiles obtained with the use of LC-MS analysis were compared using multidimensional chemometric techniques; and the graphic presentation of the results in the form of PCA plot and cluster dendrogram enabled their detailed interpretation and discussion. All tested photocatalysts confirmed their effectiveness. However, the exact outcome of the study indicate advantage of the WO3-assisted photocatalysis over other metal oxides.
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Boltersdorf, Jonathan, Asher C. Leff, Gregory T. Forcherio, Joshua P. McClure, and Cynthia A. Lundgren. "Surface Plasmon Resonant Gold-Palladium Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Promoting Catalytic Oxidation." MRS Advances 4, no. 33-34 (2019): 1877–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.222.

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AbstractColloidal gold-palladium (Au-Pd) bimetallic nanoparticles were used as catalysts to study the ethanol (EtOH) photo-oxidation cycle, with an emphasis towards driving carbon-carbon (C-C) bond cleavage at low temperatures. Au-Pd bimetallic alloy and core-shell nanoparticles were prepared to synergistically couple a plasmonic absorber (Au) with a catalytic metal (Pd) with composite optical and catalytic properties tailored towards promoting photocatalytic oxidation. Catalysts utilizing metals that exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) can be harnessed for light-driven enhancement for small molecule oxidation via augmented photocarrier generation/separation and photothermal conversion. The coupling of Au to Pd in an alloy or core-shell nanostructure maintains SPR-induced charge separation, mitigates the poisoning effects on Pd, and allows for improved EtOH oxidation. The Au-Pd nanoparticles were coupled to semiconducting titanium dioxide photocatalysts to probe their effects on plasmonically-assisted photocatalytic oxidation of EtOH. Complete oxidation of EtOH to CO2 under solar simulated-light irradiation was confirmed by monitoring the yield of gaseous products. Bimetallics provide a pathway for driving desired photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical reactions with superior catalytic activity and selectivity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "METAL ASSISTED TITANIUM DIOXIDE"

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SINGH, MRITYUNJAY. "IVESTIGATIONS OF METAL ASSISTED TITANIUM DIOXIDE (TiO2) NANOCRYSTALS." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18623.

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7.1 Summary The research topic of the thesis entitled “Investigations of Metal Assisted Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanocrystals” disclosed the structural, morphological, compositional and optical properties of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and discussed their utility for photocatalytic applications. In the current thesis, TiO2 NPs were prepared using the sol-gel method and comprehensively explored their properties. The crystalline structural and optical characteristics of TiO2 NPs (like X-ray diffraction, absorption, photoluminescence, and time-resolved photoluminescence) along with photocatalytic applications have also been discussed in detail in the previous chapter. 7.2 Important Findings of Research Work Nanocrystals of anatase, mixed and rutile phases of TiO2 and metal-doped TiO2 have been synthesized via the sol-gel method. The prepared samples were characterized by various analytical tools. For the structural and surface morphology analysis, essential tools such as XRD, SEM and TEM were used. EDX analysis has been carried out for elemental identification present in prepared nanomaterials. TGA, FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible & PL spectroscopy, time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy at varying temperatures were used to understand the structural and transitions following photoexcitation. TiO2 NPs were prepared by the sol-gel method with titanium isopropoxide as a precursor at different annealing temperatures. The analyzed XRD patterns, Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectra demonstrated the structural transformation from 160 amorphous to anatase and further to rutile phase while increasing annealing temperature. In addition, a mixed-phase of TiO2 NPs is formed, which consists of both phases. The absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of mixed and rutile phases are shifted towards a longer wavelength region. The indirect band gap structure changed into the direct band gap during the structural transformation. Both absorption and PL spectra shifted towards lower energy regions, which might be due to the increase in size or the induced oxygen vacancies produced at a higher temperature. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of all the three different structural TiO2 NPs was examined. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performance of the different types of TiO2 NPs was examined through the degradation of a dye, rhodamine B (RhB), under UV radiation and measuring changes in absorption and PL spectra. The anatase phase structure shows higher photocatalytic activity than the rutile phase. However, the mix phase has the highest photocatalytic activity among all the structures, which degraded RhB entirely at a faster rate. On the other hand, the rutile phase is unable to take part in this process. Thus, the mix phase of TiO2 NPs is beneficial for industrial and environmental applications. The transition metal ions (Ag+, Cu2+, and Ni2+) doped and undoped TiO2 NPs have been synthesized using a cost-effective sol-gel method with a 1.0 wt% dopant concentration. The microstructure and chemical compositions of these NPs were examined using various techniques such as x-ray diffractometric, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The absorption and photoluminescence (PL)-excitation spectra of metal-doped TiO2 NPs are shifted to the longer wavelength region, which indicates a reduced bandgap than the bare TiO2 NPs. The absorption and PL spectra of methylene blue (MB) in the presence of undoped and metal ions doped TiO2 NPs show dramatic changes upon UV-irradiation. The absolute absorption 161 intensity reduced entirely and the solution of MB became colorless in the presence of UV irradiation. The PL of the degraded dye exhibits a new band in the shorter wavelength region, which has a multi-exponential decay function and an increased average PL lifetime. The dye degradation rate is higher for metal ions doped catalyst and highest for Cu2+ doped TiO2 NPs. Thus, Cu ions-doped TiO2 shows the highest photocatalytic activity. The order of catalytic degradation rate under UV irradiation was found to be Cu– TiO2 > Ni– TiO2 >Ag– TiO2 >anatase TiO2. The analysis of the PL spectra and PL-decays reveals the formation of smaller species that emits at a shorter wavelength region, thus helps in understanding the degradation of dye molecules. TiO2 NPs synthesized by employing the sol-gel routes and annealed at a different temperature from 400 to 900 °C. Three different nanostructures were formed, namely anatase, mixed (anatase/rutile) and rutile phases. The structure and morphology of as-synthesized NPs were confirmed using XRD and FESEM analysis. The XRD analysis of TiO2 NPs was carried out in the 290 K to 77 K temperature range and found no significant change in XRD patterns that means thermally stable TiO2 NPs. The PL spectra and contour maps of TiO2 NPs show that the anatase phase falls in the visible region. However, mixed and rutile phases fall in both visible and NIR regions as the temperature decreases from 290 K to 77 K. The visible PL band is ascribed to donor-acceptor recombination. In contrast, oxygen vacancies serve as donors and hydroxyl groups function as accepter sites. NIR PL band attributed to the trapped electrons in rutile TiO2, which recombine with free holes and intrinsic defects. The fast component of the decay processes was aided by the immediate formation of trapped electrons in luminescence sites. The indirect trap processes were responsible for the power-law component in the rutile phase, which was the recombination of trapped electrons formed via a deep trap state. It was observed that the electron-hole pairs thermally separated, preventing the formation of STEs directly. The PL 162 and PL decay studies under weak excitation conditions prove to be a more valuable and appropriate method to evaluate the trap states distribution and their carrier dynamic effects, which were vibrant to understand the photocatalytic processes better. Two-dimensional (2D) layered MoS2 nanosheets (NSs), which possess a vast range of unique properties and hold great potential for various applications. MoS2 NSs were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and the obtained NSs bear crystalline and layered structure. Absorption and electroabsorption (E-A) spectra of MoS2 doped in a PMMA thin film were measured at different temperatures (290-40 K). The E-A spectra observed at the second harmonic of the modulation frequency of the applied electric field (1.0 kHz) were analyzed with an integral method by assuming the Stark effect as a dominant feature. The absorption spectra consist of multiple transitions, among which five transitions are contributed to the E-A spectra. The changes in electric dipole moment (Δμ) and polarizability (Δα) of each transition were determined at different temperatures. Two electronic resonance states were identified for two excitonic bands of MoS2 NSs, which showed a strong E-A signal.
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Liu, Dong. "Effects of metal modification on titanium dioxide for photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28624/.

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To study the effects of metal modification on titanium dioxide (TiO2) for photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2), a series of pure and metal modified TiO2 catalysts (referred as SG TiO2 and M/TiO2, respectively) were synthesized via a refined sol-gel process. The metals chosen to modify TiO2 included Cu, Zn, and Rh. These catalysts were then characterized by using various analytical techniques, including ICP-MS, powder XRD, XPS, TEM, N2 adsorption isotherms, Cu surface area and dispersion measurement, and DR UV-Vis. It was found that all the sol-gel derived TiO2 catalysts had the same crystalline phase of anatase, and similar particle sizes (11-16 nm) and surface areas (50.24-63.37 m2/g). It is worthy to note that, even though synthesized via the same sol-gel process, the three added metals modified their TiO2 supports differently. The added Cu and Zn were loaded on the surface ofTiO2 with their chemical states to be CU2O and ZnO, respectively. Whereas, the added Rh was substitutionally doped into the lattice of its TiO2 supports. The specific surface area and dispersion of the added Cu on the surface of CulTiO2 were further measured by using N2O as adsorbate. It was found that the aggregation of the added Cu occurred when the Cu ratio of Cu/TiO2 over-increased (over 0.03 wt%). The following CO2 photoreduction experiments confirmed that the added Cu and Rh were able to significantly improve the activity of TiO2 for CO2 photoreduction to methane, wherein the activities of the best performing 0.03 wt% Cu/TiO2 and 0.01 wt% Rh/TiO2 were around 10-times higher than that of SG/TiO2. The added Cu and Rh were expected to affect the activity of TiO2 via different ways. The combination of the loaded Cu and TiO2 was considered to be a composite semiconductor catalyst, and the Cu dispersion dominated the activity of Cu/TiO2. In comparison, the doped Rh was able to affect the activity of TiO2 by introducing an additional energy level to the band-gap of TiO2. Finally, TiO2 catalysts simultaneously loaded by Cu and doped by Rh (Rh/Cu/TiO2, synthesized via the identical sol-gel process) were also tested for CO2 photoreduction. The results indicate that the loaded Cu and doped Rh were able to synergistically enhance the activity of TiO2 for CO2 photoreduction, allowing the optimal Rh/Cu/TiO2 (0.06 wt% Rh/O.03 wt% Cu/TiO2) to present even better (at least 25 % higher) activity than any of the Cu/TiO2 or Rh/TiO2 in this work.
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Ahonen, P. P. "Aerosol production and crystallization of titanium dioxide from metal alkoxide droplets /." Espoo [Finland] : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2001. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2001/P439.pdf.

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Hansen, Niklas D. J. "MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE ELECTRODES FOR USE IN POLYMER DSSC." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-176935.

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It’s widely known that microwaves can be a useful tool when it comes to heating many different kinds of materials. It’s much less known however that compared to regular convective heating it can exhibit catalytic properties. This project focuses on the difference between microwave heating and normal heating and its future in the field of solar cell manufacturing. The main purpose was to determine whether efficient DSSC could be manufactured by the use of microwaves. Focus was also put on the application for flexible polymers. Polymer sintering requires lower temperatures compared with the normally used substrates and they tend to have lower efficiencies. If the efficiencies can be raised these types of cells can become a cheap viable option by means of the so called roll-to-roll manufacturing. A clear improvement was seen in both efficiency and deviation when sintering by microwave heating compared to that of normal convective heating. Electrodes sintered by microwaves tend to show about double the performance in these cases. Another effect that was examined was the combined heating effect of TiO2 on conductive substrates. The combined heating of FTO and TiO2 can be about 30% higher than the additive heating. This is of course important from the perspective of manufacturing performance. Sintering a pure TiO2 paste by microwaves on a ITO:PEN substrate a DSSC efficiency of 5.5% was achieved which is a reasonably good result when compared with that of other polymer cells. Especially considering that this was a basic test. The electrode was only sintered for 2min and the paste was simple. This demonstrates that roll-to-roll printed DSSC is not a farfetched concept. Following that further work on similar cells are strongly encouraged. Some work was also put into creating solvothermally grown nanosheets combined with nanoparticles to create a hybrid cell in hopes of lowering electric resistivity and subsequently increasing overall solar cell performance. No real conclusions can be drawn in terms of increased performance. However there might be some indications of decreased losses but more time is needed on experimental work. The current results might however still prove valuable information for some readers.
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Ahonen, Petri. "Aerosol production and crystallization of titanium dioxide from metal alkoxide droplets /." Espoo : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2001. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2001/P439.pdf.

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Edusi, C. "Aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition of titanium dioxide and tungsten oxide thin films." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1434745/.

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This thesis focuses on the Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapour deposition (AACVD) of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films using titanum (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) and also reports the deposition of tungsten oxide via AACVD using tungsten hexacarbonyl [W(CO)6] in different solvents including methanol and ethanol. Chapter 1 of this thesis gives an overview of TiO2, including its properties and functions and the motivation for this project. In chapter 2 brief descriptions are provided of the main characterisation techniques used throughout this thesis. The substrate and solvent effect on the phase of TiO2 obtained by AACVD is outlined in chapter 3 and 4. TiO2 was deposited via the AACVD of TTIP in different solvents including methanol, ethanol and other solvents. The films deposited showed some substrate dependent morphology and properties. In particular at 550°C the films on steel show needle and rod like particles. XRD and Raman spectra of the TiO2 films showed that on steel or titanium substrates only the rutile form could be obtained, whereas on glass either anatase, anatase-rutile mixtures or rutile could be obtained depending on substrate temperature. Using methanol as the carrier solvent produced exclusively the rutile films on steel and predominantly rutile on glass substrates while the use of the other solvents produced exclusively the anatase phase on the steel under the same conditions. TiO2 was also deposited by AACVD from a mixture of ethanol and methanol solvents. As little as 15% of methanol in ethanol produces rutile as the predominant phase. The photocatalytic properties and the hydrophilicity of the films deposited are also reported. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to map across the surface of the TiO2 films deposited as described in chapter 5. The X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) was used to determine the phase of TiO2 present at each point on the substrate. The AACVD deposition tungsten oxide using tungsten hexacarbonyl (W(CO)6) in methanol and ethanol is reported in chapter 6. Preferred orientation was observed when using either ethanol or methanol as the carrier solvent. In chapter 7 insitu work was attempted to investigate the mechanism of the deposited titania and tungsten oxide films. A new reactor vessel was designed, constructed and tested to allow synchrotron radiation in and out using a kapton window. The XANES pattern recorded during in-situ deposition were not of high enough to resolve the mechanism. The in-situ work carried out has great potential in the growth study of thin film deposition and can in the future help control the phase and composition of deposited films to produce more desirable properties.
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Bowering, Neil. "Transition metal modified titanium dioxide photocatalysts for the removal of nitric oxide." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12513/.

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Photocatalytic NO decomposition and reduction reactions, using CO as a reducing gas, have been investigated over Ti02, Ag-Ti02 and Rh-Ti02 photocatalysts, using a purpose built continuous flow photoreactor. The transition metal modified Ti02 photocatalysts were prepared using wet impregnation techniques, and the effect of thermal processing parameters on their photocatalytic behaviour was studied. Prepared photocatalysts were characterised using a number of complementary techniques, including XRD, TEM, DSC, and XPS. The findings from these techniques were used to explain the observed photocatalytic properties. The activity and selectivity of the photocatalysts were found to be dependant on a number of factors; thermal pretreatment temperature, type and amount of the modifying element, chemical nature of the modifying element and the reaction conditions used. It was found, for Ti02 photocatalysts, that increasing the pretreatment calcination temperature resulted in lower NO conversion rates, due to removal of surface bound hydroxyl groups. A similar trend was observed for Ag-P25 photocatalysts, but the reduction in activity was greater due to the presence of larger silver clusters, which acted as recombination centres for photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The activity of the Ag-P25 photocatalysts decreased as the silver loadings increased, whilst the activity of the Rh-P25 photocatalysts remained largely unaffected by the metal concentration. Over Ti02 and Ag-Ti02 systems, the NO conversion rate was lower for the reduction reactions compared to decomposition reactions. This was attributed to the preferential adsorption of the CO molecules, blocking NO adsorption sites. Contrasting behaviour was observed over Rh-P25 systems and NO conversions as high as 87 % were recorded in the presence of CO. Silver modified catalysts were highly selective for N2 formation (90 %) whilst rhodium modified catalysts were more selective for N20 formation. These results are discussed with respect to the possible surface reactions and the chemical intermediates that may be formed.
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Romero, Luz. "Electric field assisted chemical vapour deposition processes on titanium dioxide thin films for photocatalysis." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9004.

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This work investigates the use of the novel electric field assisted chemical vapour deposition (EACVD) process in the production of titanium dioxide thin films for photocatalytic applications on glass substrate. This work looks into the interaction of applied electric fields with the precursor species during the aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) and atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (APCVD) reaction of Titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) and Titanium (IV) Chloride (TiCl4) with different solvents. The electric field was generated by applying a potential difference between two fluorine-doped tin oxide glass sheets. The electric field was varied between 0 – 3000 Vm-1. The deposited films were analysed and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, water-contact angles and resazurin photcatalytic testing. It was observed that the application of electric fields produced changes in the morphology, particle size, growth rate, crystal orientation and crystal phases. Generally, films produced under the influence of the electric fields showed higher photo-activity than films produced in absence of electric fields. The deposited films produced from the electric field assisted aerosol chemical vapour deposition (EAACVD) showed higher photo-activity with applied AC electric fields than with applied DC electric fields. Likewise, they showed higher photo-activity than the deposited films produced from the electric field assisted atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (EAAPCVD) with applied AC electric fields. The results obtained were explained by the interaction mechanisms between the electric fields and the precursor species, which differ depending on the CVD technique used. Although titanium dioxide photo-activity is comprised by a combination of factors, it was observed that an optimum can be obtained by varying both experimental conditions and field strength. In particular, optimum results were obtained for deposited films which showed long-shaped particles, reduced particle size and high preferential orientation in the anatase (004) plane. Electric field assisted chemical vapour deposition (EACVD) shows a great potential for the improvement of commercial products available in the market such as self-cleaning and antibacterial surfaces.
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Omadoko, Ovuokenye. "Simple Photochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formate." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/171.

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Simple Photochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formate Ovuokenye Omadoko, Department of Chemistry, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee. There is a need to develop techniques for conversion of carbon dioxide to other useful products such as methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid, formate, methane, and hydrocarbons. Carbon dioxide can be converted into these products using different methods such as photochemical, electrochemical, thermochemical and hydrogenation by bacteria. Formate is of interest due to having wide industrial applications which include use in direct liquid fuel cells (DLFC’s), an additive in pyrolysis vapors, precursor for biological fuels, and is a key intermediate in methanogenesis breaking down complex organic compounds. In this work, conversion of carbon dioxide to formate was accomplished photochemically. The concentration of formate obtained was quantified using ion chromatography. The yield of formate, based on the amount of carbon dioxide in solution, was 1.54%, while the quantum yield near 1.0%. Detailed studies of the photoreduction process showed that amount of sensitizer, light intensity and pH affect the amount of formate generated.
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Mayo, Elizabeth Idonia Barton Jacqueline K. "Kinetics and thermodynamics of dye (group VIII metal)-sensitized nanocrystalline titanium dioxide photoelectrodes /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2004. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06042004-153530.

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Books on the topic "METAL ASSISTED TITANIUM DIOXIDE"

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Ahonen, P. P. Aerosol production and crystallization of titanium dioxide from metal alkoxide droplets. Espoo [Finland]: Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2001.

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Oxide semiconductors for solar energy conversion: Titanium dioxide. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2012.

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Nowotny, Janusz. Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion: Titanium Dioxide. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Nowotny, Janusz. Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion: Titanium Dioxide. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Nowotny, Janusz. Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion: Titanium Dioxide. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "METAL ASSISTED TITANIUM DIOXIDE"

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Sun, Y. M., D. N. Belton, and J. M. White. "Spectroscopy of Metal-Titanium Dioxide Systems." In Catalyst Characterization Science, 80–87. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1985-0288.ch007.

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Ribeiro, Ana Rosa, Sara Gemini-Piperni, Sofia Afonso Alves, José Mauro Granjeiro, and Luís Augusto Rocha. "Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Nanotubular Surfaces: Potential Applications in Nanomedicine." In Metal Nanoparticles in Pharma, 101–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63790-7_6.

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Moon, Gyeonghye, Jin-Hyung Kim, Yeon-Chul Cho, In-hyeok Choi, Hee-Nam Kang, Tae-Hyuk Lee, Jin-Young Lee, and Jungshin Kang. "Production of High-Purity Titanium Dioxide from Spent Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Catalyst." In Rare Metal Technology 2019, 119–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05740-4_13.

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Jagannathan, Krishnan, Sikirman Arman, and Nerissa Mohamad Elvana. "Activation of Titanium Dioxide Under Visible-Light by Metal and Non-metal Doping." In ICGSCE 2014, 273–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-505-1_32.

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Mbulanga, Crispin Munyelele, Chinedu Christian Ahia, and Johannes Reinhardt Botha. "Properties of Titanium Dioxide-Based Nanostructures on Transparent Glass Substrates for Water Splitting and Photocatalytic Application." In Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline Metal Oxide Thin Films, 389–403. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68462-4_15.

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Chen, Rui, and Jianjun Li. "Enrichment of Phosphorylated MHC Peptides with Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography and Titanium Dioxide Particles." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 259–68. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9597-4_16.

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Yadu Krishnan, J., K. Thoufiq Mohammed, C. Veera Ajay, and K. Manisekar. "Study on the Wear Behaviour of Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced with Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 655–62. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3895-5_53.

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Martin, Marcela V., Orlando M. Alfano, and María L. Satuf. "Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts for Environmental Applications Metal-Doping with Cerium Ions for Visible Light Activation and Efficiency Improvement." In Industrial Applications of Nanoparticles, 217–27. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003183525-13.

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Okimura, Kunio, Yusuke Nihei, and Yusuke Sasakawa. "Electric Field Induced Metal-Insulator Transition of Vanadium Dioxide Films on Sapphire Substrate Prepared by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Assisted Sputtering." In Solid State Phenomena, 703–6. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-31-0.703.

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Vosough, Manoucheh, Ping Liu, and Inge Svenningsson. "Depth Profile of Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) and Residual Stress Measured by Using X-Ray Diffraction after Metal Cutting Assisted by High-Pressured Jet Cooling Evaluation of Etching Methods: ION Beam (EDOS) and Electro-Chemical Etching." In Materials Science Forum, 545–51. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-969-5.545.

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Conference papers on the topic "METAL ASSISTED TITANIUM DIOXIDE"

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Shakhatov, V. A., Alessandro De Giacomo, V. D'Onghia, Aurora M. Losacco, Giuseppe Chita, Giovanni Bruno, and Olga De Pascale. "Plasma-assisted pulsed laser deposition of titanium dioxide." In ALT'99 International Conference: Advanced Laser Technologies, edited by Vladimir I. Pustovoy and Vitali I. Konov. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.378185.

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Wong, Sai-Peng, Yun Gao, Kai Hon Cheng, Chi Fai Chow, Ning Ke, Wing Yiu Cheung, Quan Li, and Guo Sheng Shao. "Ferromagnetism in transition metal-implanted titanium dioxide films." In Microelectronics, MEMS, and Nanotechnology, edited by Jung-Chih Chiao, Alex J. Hariz, David N. Jamieson, Giacinta Parish, and Vijay K. Varadan. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.530435.

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Liu, Di, Shi-Ting Deng, Hong Yu, and Yong-Guang Bi. "Characterization of Titanium Dioxide by Microwave Assisted Homogeneous Precipitation." In 2017 3rd International Forum on Energy, Environment Science and Materials (IFEESM 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ifeesm-17.2018.78.

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Zakaria, M. R., N. Farahin, Rozana A. M. Osman, Sh Nadzirah, A. H. Azman, U. Hashim, and M. K. Md Arshad. "Physical properties of hydrothermal growth nanostructure metal titanium dioxide." In 2015 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nanoelectronics (RSM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsm.2015.7355032.

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Shang, X., L. N. Shi, J. B. Niu, and C. Q. Xie. "Efficient Mie Resonance of Metal-masked Titanium Dioxide Nanopillars." In 2020 Fourteenth International Congress on Artificial Materials for Novel Wave Phenomena (Metamaterials). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metamaterials49557.2020.9285047.

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LYSOŇKOVÁ, Irena, Jaroslava SVOBODOVÁ, Snejana BAKARDYEVA, and Štefan MICHNA. "The POSSIBILITIES OF the TITANIUM DIOXIDE Nanoparticles PREPARATION and their application to the ptfe coating." In METAL 2019. TANGER Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2019.736.

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Takagi, Itaru, and Shigetaro Ogura. "Inhomogeneity control for titanium dioxide films by ion assisted deposition method." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1995.tua3.

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Because of the porosity existing within homogeneous films deposited by conventional electron beam gun, they are well known to have spectral shifts after deposition (aging effect). Inhomogeneous films also show dynamic changes such as spectral shifts and stress changes induced by water sorption during and after film deposition. The related structure models for both of homogeneous and inhomogeneous films, which explain these behaviours have been proposed and examined(1). To overcome these effects, various ion based processes such as ion assisted deposition(IAD)(2), and ion plating(IP)(3), have been extensively used in recent years.
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Upadhyay, Praveenkumar, and Vivek Srivastava. "Synthesis of ruthenium metal doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles for CO2 hydrogenation." In 5TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES: (NCTP‐09). American Institute of Physics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4945194.

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"Enhanced Activity of Metal Doped Titanium Dioxide in Photo catalytic Ozonation." In International Conference on Chemical Engineering and Advanced Computational Technologies. International Institute of Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iie.e1114010.

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"Deposition of Titanium Dioxide Thin Films by Low Pressure Ion-assisted Deposition." In SVC TechCon 2016. Society of Vacuum Coaters, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14332/svc16.proc.0031.

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