Contents
Academic literature on the topic 'Métabolomique (LC-MS)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Métabolomique (LC-MS).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Métabolomique (LC-MS)"
Ghezal, Salma. "Etude métabolomique par LC-MS/MS chez Plasmodium Falciparum, parasite responsable du Paludisme." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20179.
Full textThe most severe form of malaria is caused by the single-celled parasite P. falciparum. During the intra-erythrocytic stage of its development, P. falciparum implements several metabolic functions necessary for its development in the erythrocyte, its multiplication and finally to its spread to other erythrocytes. Understand and elucidate the structures and the dynamics of the parasite's metabolic network is useful to discover new metabolic pathways and key steps that may play an important role in the development of the parasite. They also help determine the mechanism of action of antimalarial agents and better understand the resistances associated with available treatments. For this purpose, a targeted metabolomics approach, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used. This approach consists of an absolute quantitation of metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids of the parasite but also other metabolites that reflect its metabolic status. We initially determined the distributions and the absolute amounts of metabolites in infected erythrocytes in comparison with healthy erythrocytes. We also highlighted the disruption caused by this infection on the metabolism of the human erythrocyte and the various interactions between the parasite and its host cell as well as the extracellular medium. The phospholipids metabolism of Plasmodium is complex because it has several synthetic pathways operating from separate initial precursor and leading to the synthesis of a single end product. With the aim to study the relative contribution of these different metabolics pathways in the biosynthesis of the most important phospholipids in P. falciparum (PC and PE), we have developed an approach that involves incubation of infected erythrocytes in the presence of labeled precursors
Favre, Laurie. "Caractérisation par analyse métabolomique de biomarqueurs bactériens au sein de biofilms marins." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL0005/document.
Full textIn the marine environment, any immersed surface is subjected to colonization by many organisms (biofouling). The biofilms development is a key stage of this phenomenon. Communication systems are controlled in these structures by chemical signals. In this work, the study of the chemical signature of natural biofilms formed in situ was carried out among a gradient of contamination of metal contaminants in the bay of Toulon and according to the nature of the coating on the immersed surface. Clear chemical variations of the biofilms collected were observed and were correlated with variations in microbial community. The in vitro study of 4 bacterial strains harvested from natural biofilms allowed, after optimization of the analysis methodologies, their discrimination according to their metabolic profile. Biomarkers were highlited, particularly ornithine lipids production by the Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica strain. The biological response of this strain depending on its phenotype and face to copper stres was studied by metabolomics and proteomics revealing important modulations of certain biosynthetic patways
Favre, Laurie. "Caractérisation par analyse métabolomique de biomarqueurs bactériens au sein de biofilms marins." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL0005.
Full textIn the marine environment, any immersed surface is subjected to colonization by many organisms (biofouling). The biofilms development is a key stage of this phenomenon. Communication systems are controlled in these structures by chemical signals. In this work, the study of the chemical signature of natural biofilms formed in situ was carried out among a gradient of contamination of metal contaminants in the bay of Toulon and according to the nature of the coating on the immersed surface. Clear chemical variations of the biofilms collected were observed and were correlated with variations in microbial community. The in vitro study of 4 bacterial strains harvested from natural biofilms allowed, after optimization of the analysis methodologies, their discrimination according to their metabolic profile. Biomarkers were highlited, particularly ornithine lipids production by the Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica strain. The biological response of this strain depending on its phenotype and face to copper stres was studied by metabolomics and proteomics revealing important modulations of certain biosynthetic patways
Gauthier, Lea. "Approche métabolomique pour la compréhension des mécanismes de résistance à Fusarium graminearum et accumulation de trichothécènes chez le maïs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0235.
Full textFusarium graminearum is the main causal agent of maize ear rot or Gibberella ear rot (GER), an important fungal disease affecting maize. GER leads to significant economic loss and serious health issues due to the ability of F. graminearum to produce mycotoxins such as type B trichothecenes. One promising approach to control Giberella Ear Rot and reduce mycotoxins contamination is to promote host-genetic resistance. Several Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) have been identified in maize. However molecular basis to resistance to Fusarium infection remains largely unknown and the success of selection for GER resistance is still challenging. Biochemical approaches can provide valuable insights in the mechanisms crops employ against F. graminearum and its production of mycotoxins. A biochemical profiling could actually be an efficient way to decipher plant-pathogen interactions and progress in screening resistant maize lines. This study aims to elucidate the metabolic profiling of F. graminearum resistance and toxin accumulation in kernels toward the combination of high resolution mass spectrometry and 1H NMR to identify a large set of metabolites, preformed, constitutive as well as inducible defense metabolites that could play a key role in GER resistance. This approach was applied to kernels harvested at two developmental stages. Twenty genotypes with contrasting levels of resistance were inoculated, or not, with a toxigenic Fusarium graminearum strain through the silk channel. The obtained data allowed highlighting a set of biochemical compounds linked to the resistance or susceptibility of maize genotypes
Héral, Bénédicte. "Approche métabolomique pour l’étude du dépérissement de la lavande : application aux composés non-volatils." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4009.
Full textFine lavender and lavandin are historic and emblematic crops of Provence (South-East France). They are cultivated for their aromatic and perfume properties. They represented an important economic value in France. Nevertheless, over the last decades, lavender’s field decline because of the lack of rain fall and a disease name “yellow disease”. This infection lead to phloem-limited bacterial pathogen (Candidatus Phytoplasma solani) and transmitted by a planthopper (Hyalesthes obsoletus). The purpose of this PhD is to study induced chemical defences (i.e. non-volatile organic compounds) in order to better understand interaction between insect, plant and bacteria. To answer this issue, an untargeted metabolomic approach was developed. Four varieties chosen for their sensibility or tolerance against phytoplasma, were used: two lavender (7713, maillette) and two lavandin (abrial, grosso), and 480 samples were collected. Compound extraction was performed by a solid-liquid extraction assisted by ultrasounds with an ethanol-water mixture (50:50, v/v). Afterwards, 1429 extracts were analysed by an UPLC-HRMS (XevoG2 QTOF, Waters). Spectral data was first handle using W4M-Galaxy to obtain a peak table fitting by statistical tools. Next, MetaboAnalyst was conducted to correct data and performed multivariate analyses. PCA was used to visualize trends and outliers. PLS-DA was applied to highlight biological differences between subgroups, to discover the most relevant factors and detected biomarkers. The most discriminant compounds specific to sensitivity/tolerant species as well as to plant symptomatic status (asymptomatic/symptomatic) were annotated. Chlorophyll derivatives, under-expressed in symptomatic plants, are probably health plant status biomarkers
Olivon, Florent. "Nouvelle stratégie de priorisation pour l’étude des produits naturels par l’approche des réseaux moléculaires multi-informatifs." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS383.
Full textThis thesis initiates and develops a program seeking to accelerate the discovery of new therapeutic molecules using an efficient prioritization strategy. As part of this project, a collection of 292 Euphorbiaceae extracts was screened over several biological targets.To focus on unknown bioactive chemicals and to avoid the isolation of known or inactive molecules, the acquisition of high resolution tandem mass spectrometry profiles of these extracts was performed. To highlight relevant information within these data, MS2 spectra were organized as molecular networks. It consists in visualizing tandem mass spectrometry data by detecting related MS2 spectra and representing them in a same spectral space. Taxonomical details and bioassay screening results were merged with the network visualization to generate a comprehensive multi-informative molecular map, which offers a radically novel outlook to target novel bioactive scaffolds and select extracts with high structural diversity. Although very instructive for the phytochemist, the molecular networking tool has some imperfections that limit its potential in metabolomics. Therefore, the second part of this thesis was dedicated to the introduction of a data preprocessing step to enhance the networks reliability and to the development of MetGem, a software dedicated to the generation of molecular networks to improve the way matrices of similarity scores are managed and analyzed
Mejait, Anouar. "Evaluation of the environmental fate and impact of organic contaminants using innovative approach coupling high-throughput methods." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PERP0034.
Full textOrganic contaminants are harmful substances present in the environment that can affect human health and ecosystems. Among them, pharmaceutical compounds and pesticides, are linked to many diseases in humans, such as cancer, respiratory disorders, and neurological disorders. They can also affect non-target species in the environment, including beneficial insects. In the case of pesticides, widely used in agriculture and other fields, alternatives are under consideration. Biopesticides, which are complex substances derived from natural sources such as plants and microorganisms, present a promising alternative to pesticides. They are presumed to be less harmful; however, the existing regulations are not well adapted to these substances, and current parameters, like DT50 and DT90, are not suitable for studying the degradation of biopesticides. Therefore, new parameters need to be developed to study the fate and impact of biopesticides. At CRIOBE research unit, a new method called Environmental Metabolic Footprinting (EMF) has been developed. This method is based on the use of non-target metabolic LC-MS in order to study the environmental fate and impact of organic contaminants and in particularly complex substances like biopesticides by analyzing the environmental matrix meta-metabolome, which includes both the endometabolome (environmental matrix metabolome) and the xenometabolome (organic contaminant compounds and their degradation products). The aim of my PhD was to bring new developments to the EMF approach in order to set up an approach for the Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) of organic contaminants in soil and sediment environmental matrices. New parameters were set-up and additional -omics approaches were introduced. In the first chapter, I focus on determining the optimal chemical extraction method and the optimal DNA extraction kit for analyzing the fate and impact of organic contaminants in sediment matrices. Four chemical extraction methods were compared, and for DNA extraction, five commercial kits were tested. Using LC-MS results, I identified the optimal chemical extraction method, and by analyzing alpha and beta diversity metrics, the best DNA extraction kit was selected. These findings will make the EMF approach suitable and well-adapted for studying organic contaminants in sediment matrices. The second chapter centers on the development of a statistical workflow to study the fate of organic contaminants such as biopesticides (e.g., Beloukha). This workflow includes the development of a new parameter, dissipation time, which corresponds to the time required for the dissipation of organic contaminants. A 57-day kinetic experiment was conducted on a soil matrix (microcosm) and the bioherbicide Beloukha. Using ad-hoc workflow and develo pedscripts, we were able to extract biopesticide compounds from the meta-metabolome and determine the dissipation time of Beloukha. In the third chapter, I focus on the impact of Beloukha on biodiversity. Bacterial and eukaryotic metabarcoding (16S and 18S Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) genes) were performed. The results show that biopesticide compounds significantly impacted bacteria and microeukaryotes, whereas no significant effect was observed on metazoa. Additionally, we were able to identify the specific taxa impacted and the metabolites responsible. In conclusion, this work has led to significant improvements in the EMF approach, making it more integrative and suitable for studying the fate and impact of organic contaminants in different types of matrices (soil, sediment, etc.), the introduction of genomic approach will help to determine in more details the impact of the organic contaminant on biodiversity. The new developments such as dissipation time will help update existing regulations, making them more suitable for complex substances and ensuring the safe use of biopesticides to preserve ecosystem balance
Kouloura, Eirini. "Phytochemical investigation of Acronychia species using NMR and LC-MS based dereplication and metabolomics approaches." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P636/document.
Full textMedicinal plants constitute an unfailing source of compounds (natural products – NPs) utilised in medicine for the prevention and treatment of various deceases. The introduction of new technologies and methods in the field of natural products chemistry enabled the development of high throughput methodologies for the chemical composition determination of plant extracts, evaluation of their properties and the exploration of their potentials as drug candidates. Lately, metabolomics, an integrated approach incorporating the advantages of modern analytical technologies and the power of bioinformatics has been proven an efficient tool in systems biology. In particular, the application of metabolomics for the discovery of new bioactive compounds constitutes an emerging field in natural products chemistry. In this context, Acronychia genus of Rutaceae family was selected based on its well-known traditional use as antimicrobial, antipyretic, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent. Modern chromatographic, spectrometric and spectroscopic methods were utilised for the exploration of their metabolite content following three basic axes constituting the three chapters of this thesis. Briefly, the first chapter describes the phytochemical investigation of Acronychia pedunculata, the identification of secondary metabolites contained in this species and evaluation of their biological properties. The second chapter refers to the development of analytical methods for the identification of acetophenones (chemotaxonomic markers of the genus) and to the dereplication strategies for the chemical characterisation of extracts by UHPLC-HRMSn. The third chapter focuses on the application of metabolomic methodologies (LC-MS & NMR) for comparative analysis (between different species, origins, organs), chemotaxonomic studies (between species) and compound-activity correlations
Clément, Chami Mélissa. "Développement de méthodologies analytiques innovantes dans le domaine des compléments alimentaires à base de plantes : séparation, purification et caractérisation de marqueurs spécifiques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4113.
Full textPrincipal limitation to natural product analysis is the access to the analytical standards of molecules considered as markers or potentially dangerous. Their emerging issues are the common thread of this doctoral work. The first objective was to study the performances of HPTLC-MS coupling via Interface MS 2 in the field of plants markers identifications that are commonly used in dietary supplements elaboration. It seems that this coupling is really usefull for routine control, because resulting mass spectrometric informations may permit plants identifications in accordance with pharmacopoeias monographs. But, in case of structural elucidation of new active compounds, the obtained results are extremely uncertains. The second objective was to evaluate CPC performances in the field of markers isolation at an industrial scale. To illustrate this study, valepotriates have been chosen. These secondary metabolites are regulated all over the world but the access to their analytical standards remains problematic. After a chromatographic method development at an analytical scale, a non lineary scale up based on the « free space between peak » concept has been performed. For the first time, this concept has been applied to two molecules which, in addition, are co-eluting. CPC allowed a one step isolation of two structurally close molecules at over 95% purity and with 90% recovery. More over, this study permitted to confirm the structure of 7-homovaltrate which was ambiguous. The third and last objectif was to evaluate HRMS for the characterization and the quantification of family of compounds. To illustrate this study, pyrrolizidine alkaloids family (PA) has been selected. These molecules are responsible of tens of thousands deaths around the world. HRMS afforded identification of AP which analytical standard is not available in weed commonly incriminated in food contamination. This put into perspective the relevance of the results obtained through a method that only quantifies available analytical standards of AP. Furthermore, HRMS informations allowed to discriminate a molecule wich had the same fragment ions as the AP but which wasn’t an AP