Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Metabolomic chemistry'
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Pesko, Bogumila Katarzyna. "Estimation of time since death using comparative proteomic and metabolomic approaches." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8179/.
Full textWipulaguna, M. A. Anushika Shiromi. "Use of metabolomic studies to understand the chemical role of ETHE1 in Arabidopsis thaliana." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1417604333.
Full textJaeger, Frederick Howard. "Simplified Plant Sample Preparation for use in Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Based Metabolomic Profiling and Targeted Analyte Quantitation." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-02202008-155316/.
Full textTaraboletti, Alexandra Anna. "Chemical and Metabolomic Analyses of Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination and Remyelination." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1498535047689141.
Full textVincent, Isabel May. "Using metabolomic analyses to study mode of action of and resistance to Eflornithine in Trypanosoma brucei." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3125/.
Full textThomas, Éric. "Stratégies de marquage chimiospécifique et bioorthogonale pour l’analyse métabolomique des rétinoïdes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF052.
Full textThis work consists of three projects. The first project aims to discover new metabolites of vitamin A. An analog of retinaldehyde, carrying an azide function was synthesized. It would allow to follow its fate in vivo. The second project consisted in the development of a probe allowing the analysis of all the aldehyde metabolites in a sample. The probe provides sensitivity gain in LS-MS². An analysis of its biodistribution has been done, and showed the ATPP probe is distributed after an intraperitoneal injection. Concerning the third project, a homobifunctional coupling reagent "thiol-to-thiol" has been developed. The coupling products showed excellent plasma stability. The reagent was first successfully applied to the coupling of small molecules and then to the coupling of a modified oligonucleotide and a peptide
Telo, Jasmin. "Conditioning of chromatographic systems prior to metabolomic studies : Investigation of the conditioning effect and the possibility to alter it." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för analytisk farmaceutisk kemi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324642.
Full textBentley, Joanne. "Comparative metabolomic profiling of phenolics in the desiccation-tolerant “resurrection plant” Myrothamnus flabellifolia (Myrothamnaceae) using conventional and green chemistry-based solvent systems." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30437.
Full textPorter, Sarah Elizabeth Graham. "Chemometric Analysis of Multivariate Liquid Chromatography Data: Applications in Pharmacokinetics, Metabolomics, and Toxicology." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1156.
Full textZhang, Linwen. "Emerging Methods for Single Cell Metabolomics." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10746962.
Full textSingle cell metabolomics provides new insights into understanding cellular heterogeneity of small molecules, and individual cell response to environmental perturbations. With high sensitivity and specificity, mass spectrometry (MS) has become an important tool for analyzing metabolites, lipids, and peptides in individual cells. Facing significant challenges, single cell and subcellular analysis by MS requires technical advances to answer fundamental biological questions, for example the phenotypic variations of genetically identical cells. The work presented in this dissertation describes my efforts to develop and apply capillary microsampling MS with ion mobility separation (IMS) for the analysis of single cells and subcellular compartments.
Chapter 1 introduces MS based analytical techniques for single cell and subcellular analysis. Recent advances of sampling and ionization methods for MS analysis of volume-limited samples are reviewed with emphasis on ambient ionization techniques, cell micromanipulation methods, and rapid gas phase separations.
In Chapter 2, the application of capillary microsampling electrospray ionization (ESI)-IMS-MS for metabolic and lipidomic analysis of single Arabidopsis thaliana epidermal cells is presented. Distinct metabolite compositions and metabolic pathways are identified among basal and pavement cells, and trichomes. These three specialized epidermal cells serve different functions in the plant leaf, and our single cell MS data reveals the corresponding metabolic pathways.
In Chapter 3, it describes the utilization of capillary microsampling ESI-IMS-MS for the analysis of metabolites and lipids in single human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cellular physiological states and their heterogeneity in response to xenobiotics treatment, and lipid turnover rates are explored. Here, IMS helps to enhance molecular coverage, facilitate metabolite and lipid identification, resolve isobaric ions, and minimize background interference. Comparing cells affected by metabolic modulators to unaffected counterparts reveals dramatic reduction in the availability of energy in the former.
In Chapter 4, the combination of fluorescence microscopy with capillary microsampling ESI-IMS-MS for selective analysis of identified cell subpopulations at a single cell level is demonstrated. Molecular differences and heterogeneity corresponding to cells in distinct mitotic stages are explored. Pairwise correlations between relative metabolite levels among individual mitotic cells are also studied.
In Chapter 5, the subcellular distributions of neuropeptides in individual identified neurons are explored by capillary microsampling ESI-IMS-MS. Distinct peptide distributions between the cytoplasm and nucleus are revealed. Mass spectra provide direct evidence for high abundance of these peptides in the nucleus despite the scarcity of immunostaining results supporting their presence there. A new neuropeptide is discovered and sequenced by MS in a single cell.
In Chapter 6, the current state of single cell and subcellular metabolomics is discussed. Major challenges include the low-throughput of current sampling techniques, low molecular coverage of metabolites, lipids and peptides, and external perturbations introduced by the sampling and ionization processes. In addition to exploring new solutions to these challenges, future advances will lead to the development of systems biology at the single cell level, to nano- and micro-fabricated tools to study perturbations in a lab-in-a-cell framework, and to coupling with optical manipulations and microfluidic techniques to investigate subcellular heterogeneity.
Huang, He. "Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics: Platform Development and Application to Neurodegenerative Disease." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1496678565947565.
Full textVinayavekhin, Nawaporn. "Metabolomics Strategies for Discovery of Biologically Active or Novel Metabolites." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10150.
Full textChemistry and Chemical Biology
Brinzer, Robert Adolf. "Drosophila, metabolomics and insecticide action." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7072/.
Full textZhong, Fanyi. "DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS OF HPLC-MS/MS BASED METABOLOMICS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1524792637748877.
Full textCampo, Angela M. "NMR Metabolomics for Optimizing Cell-Free Protein Synthesis." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1622590610517316.
Full textDuffy, Kate I. "Application of metabolomics to the analysis of ancient organic residues." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5670/.
Full textVaniya, Arpana. "Combining Experimental and In Silico Methods for Comprehensive Compound Dereplication of Natural Products for Mass Spectrometry Based Metabolomics." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10624215.
Full textMetabolomics is a rapidly growing field in “omics” research where metabolites are analyzed in biological systems. Over the past decade, mass spectrometry (MS) based metabolomics has been used for its superior analytical performance to reveal how these biological systems respond to genetic and environmental changes. MS is both sensitive and selective and is capable for providing comprehensive information for metabolic profiling by combining separation methods such as liquid chromatography (LC-MS) or gas chromatography (GC-MS). However, in untargeted metabolomics identification of small molecules is the bottleneck. In the research described here, I have combined both in silico and experimental methods for compound dereplication of natural products using MS-based metabolomics.
Chapter 1 addresses the advancement of fragmentation and mass spectral trees used for unknown metabolite identification. Tools used for metabolite identification from the past 10 years are discussed, including algorithms, software, mass spectral libraries, and databases that implement fragmentation and mass spectral trees. Due to the inherent complexity of natural products in plants and microbes, unknown compound identification is increasingly difficult and limiting. Resolving this problem requires better computational tools and informative data such as those acquired by multi-stage mass spectrometry (MSn). MSn yields more fragmentation data and allows for more complex structural elucidation as needed for compounds with positional isomers. The limitation with using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) only is that many ions are shared between positional isomers and full structural information is not available to elucidate an unknown metabolite. Fragmentation and mass spectral trees both describe the fragmentation processes of a metabolite and aid in fragmentation rule generation and substructure identification. The major difference between fragmentation and mass spectral trees is that fragmentation trees use elemental compositions to describe the fragmentation process and mass spectral trees or ion trees use precursor and product ion spectra from MSn mass spectral acquisition. As a result, there has been a large increase in efforts to develop MSn > 2 data and tools for both structure elucidation and spectral annotations with the use of fragmentation and mass spectral trees in recent years.
Chapter 2 describes research and development of iTree, a MSn mass spectral tree library of plant natural products and its aid in compound identification of natural products. In metabolomics, mass spectral library searching is a standard method for compound identification, correctly known as compound dereplication. Mass spectral libraries are either freely or commercially available and can contain both experimental and in silico MS/MS reference spectra. The coverage of MSn > 2 reference spectra is much smaller in many of these MS/MS libraries and databases. To date the largest MSn > 2 libraries are HighChem and mzCloud, which also support mass spectral trees. The chemical coverage of such libraries and databases are very low in comparison to the number of known compounds. iTree was developed to expand the coverage of fragmentation spectra for natural products. iTree contains more than 2,000 natural products and more than 9,000 ion tree spectra annotated with in silico generated substructures from both Mass Frontier 7.0 and CFM-ID. iTree is freely available through MassBank of North America (MoNA), an open-access mass spectral database. As a result of the high number of natural products, and specifically flavonoid aglycones, previously published fragmentation rules were studied and validated. A new rule for flavanonols was proposed as a loss of –CCO to occur specifically for this class. In addition, iTree was used to profile secondary metabolites in the roots and nodules of the host plant Datisca glomerata. More than 100 natural products were identified by combining LC-MSn, high resolution LC-MS/MS, and ion tree analysis using iTree. Overall, iTree has shown to provide a method to facilitate metabolite identification for plant natural products.
Although MSn > 2 data is more useful for complex structural elucidation, the predominant data used in untargeted metabolomics is MS/MS. For this reason, in silico tools that focus on the interpretation of MS and MS/MS spectra alone must be evaluated. In Chapters 3 through 5, I discuss how the Critical Assessment of Small Molecule Identification (CASMI) has allowed for such an evaluation by presenting unknown challenge data sets to the metabolomics community to evaluate the tools and methods they currently use for unknown compound identification. The results submitted by each user are compared and discussed to provide greater insight into how in silico tools can be further improved to aid in the advancement and accuracy of unknown compound identification methods.
Chapter 3 focuses specifically on the performance of MS-FINDER, a software that uses MS and MS/MS spectra for structural elucidation of unknown compounds, presented in the CASMI 2016 Category 1. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)
Stipetic, Laurence Harry. "Metabolomics as a tool to explore the staphylococcal biofilm." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7377/.
Full textYang, Kundi. "Assessing and Evaluating Biomarkers and Chemical Markers by Targeted and Untargeted Mass Spectrometry-based Metabolomics." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1605044640528563.
Full textWang, Yu. "The Application of Metabolomics to the Evaluation of the Celllular Toxicity." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1397057769.
Full textCichon, Morgan Julienne. "Investigating the Role of Tomato Phytochemicals through Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449226913.
Full textElmsjö, Albert. "Selectivity in NMR and LC-MS Metabolomics : The Importance of Sample Preparation and Separation, and how to Measure Selectivity in LC-MS Metabolomics." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för analytisk farmaceutisk kemi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-318296.
Full textTengstrand, Erik. "Data analysis of non-targeted mass spectrometry experiments." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljövetenskap och analytisk kemi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-116820.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Submitted.
Mendez, Kevin M. "Deriving statistical inference from the application of artificial neural networks to clinical metabolomics data." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2296.
Full textBrowder, Andrew Blake Austin. "Quantitated Effects of Nutritional Supplementation on Exercise Induced Sweat." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1616769068342984.
Full textHrydziuszko, Olga. "Development of data processing methods for high resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics with an application to human liver transplantation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3700/.
Full textAnlind, Alice. "Improvments and evaluation of data processing in LC-MS metabolomics : for application in in vitro systems pharmacology." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-329971.
Full textDubrow, Geoffrey Andrew. "Understanding Complex Flavor Percepts using Flavoromics." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1566064562976072.
Full textChorell, Elin. "Mapping the consequenses of physical exercise and nutrition on human health : A predictive metabolomics approach." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-43844.
Full textEmbargo until 2012-06-01
Fries, Jacqueline Lee. "Chemical Investigation of Antarctic Marine Organisms & Their Role in Modern Drug Discovery." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6084.
Full textNimer, Nisreen. "Mass Spectrometry as Discovery Platform for Candidate Metabolite of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu158913072730028.
Full textThakur, Anup P. "METABOLITE ANALYSIS OF CLOSTRIDIUM THERMOCELLUM USING CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS BASED TECHNIQUES." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/647.
Full textGil, Solsona Rubén. "Desarrollo de metodologías metabolómicas no dirigidas basadas en cromatografía de líquidos de ultra alto rendimiento acoplado a espectometría de masas de alta resolución en el campo de seguridad alimentaria, sanidad y nutrición." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664774.
Full textThe doctoral thesis is based on the study of the process and workflow of the metabolomics workflow in the different working scopes, as the ob tention of biomarkers for malnourishment and/or diet changes in sparus aurata, the obtention of food authentication models and the elucidation of indirect synthetic cannabinoid consumption biomarkers.
Zawadzki, Andressa de. "Improving meat quality through cattle feed enriched with mate extract: an integrated approach of the metabolic profile and redox chemistry of meat." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75133/tde-07022018-105415/.
Full textThe use of plant extracts in animal feeding trials has been considered as a potential alternative to improve the redox stability of meat. Bioactive compounds from plant extracts can provide the antioxidative mechanisms required to improve animal health and welfare and, to protect meat against oxidation. Pharmacological properties and antioxidant effects have been associated to the extract of hops and to the extracts of yerba mate. However, the effects of hops and yerba mate as dietary supplement for animal feeding on the metabolic profile and the redox stability of meat have not been reported yet. Addition of extract of mate to a standard maize/soy feed at a level of 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5% to the diet of feedlot for cattle resulted in an increased level of inosine monophosphate, creatine, carnosine and of conjugated linoleic acid in the fresh meat. The tendency to radical formation in meat slurries as quantified by EPR spin-trapping decreased for increasing mate extract addition to feed especially after storage of the meat indicating an increased resistance to oxidation for meat. Addition of hops extract at different levels (0, 30 ppm, 60 ppm, 240 ppm) to the diet of broilers demonstrated to have significant effects on the averaged concentration of polar metabolites that are of relevance for meat quality. The major metabolic differences between control group (no supplements) and broilers fed different levels of β-acids were achieved using 30 ppm of supplement. As determined by EPR spin-trapping, increased redox stability was obtained in the samples referring to the animals fed 30 ppm of lupulones and may be related to the highest level of endogenous antioxidants, especially anserine, carnosine and NADH. Myosin and actin were recognized as the main targets of protein oxidation in meat. Myofibrillar proteins from animals fed with hops β-acids showed to be less susceptible to oxidation when compared to control group. Mate and hops β-acids extracts demonstrated to be promising additives to feedlot for, respectively, cattle and broilers and can improve the oxidative stability, nutritive value, sensory quality, and consumer acceptance of meat.
Wu, Jikang Dr. "Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics and Protein Native Structure Characterization to Improve Intervention in Salmonellosis and Proteomics-based Biomarker Characterization in Invasive Aspergillosis." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534775122796275.
Full textSwensen, Adam Clayton. "Investigation of Dynamic Biological Systems Using Direct Injection and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6574.
Full textHoman, Edwin. "Discovery of Novel Lipid Pathways associated with the Metabolic Syndrome." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10343.
Full textChemistry and Chemical Biology
Paudel, Liladhar. "High Field 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy Based Metabolomics and Complex Mixture Analysis by Multidimensional NMR and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1343403647.
Full textZamani, Leila. "Methods for structural studies of an antibody, screening metabolites in rat urine and analysis of spent cell cultivation media using LC/ESI-MS and chemometrics." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för analytisk kemi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-28921.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.
Fatica, Erica Marie. "Investigating Cardiac Metabolism in Barth Syndrome Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1556630870935279.
Full textCharney, Reagan R. "Coupling reactions and separations for improved synthetic processes." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26675.
Full textCommittee Chair: Dr. Charles Liotta; Committee Co-Chair: Dr. Charles Eckert; Committee Member: Dr. David Collard; Committee Member: Dr. Facundo Fernandez; Committee Member: Dr. Rigoberto Hernandez. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Sadhukhan, Sushabhan. "Metabolism & Signaling of 4-Hydroxyacids: Novel Metabolic Pathways and Insight into the Signaling of Lipid Peroxidation Products." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1339171892.
Full textJonsson, Pär. "Multivariate processing and modelling of hyphenated metabolite data." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemi, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-663.
Full textXie, Mouzhe. "Probing and Modeling Biomolecule-Nanoparticle Interactions by Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1532049249287026.
Full textWang, Bo. "Novel statistical methods for evaluation of metabolic biomarkers applied to human cancer cell lines." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1399046331.
Full textJoesten, William C. "Exploring the relationships between gut bacteria, gut permeability, and bacterial metabolism in the Non Obese Diabetic (NOD) mouse model of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1574423689823958.
Full textWirgot, Nolwenn. "Etude du métabolisme microbien dans les nuages : réponse au stress et impact sur la chimie atmosphérique." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC101/document.
Full textThe aqueous phase of the atmosphere and, more precisely, cloud droplets is one of the most reactive environments of the atmosphere within which the compounds present can be transformed especially by photochemical reactions. In addition, it contains many radical species such as HO, HO2, hydrogen peroxide or iron which explains its oxidizing power.The presence of metabolically active microorganisms in the atmosphere raised many questions and, currently, on their role in atmospheric processes. These organisms could modify the composition of clouds using carbon compounds as substrate that represented an important part of compounds present in clouds. They are also suspected to play a role in the oxidative capacity of clouds by impacting key compounds of chemical reactivity such as iron or hydrogen peroxide.The objective of this work was to focus on the interactions between cloud microorganisms and two oxidant species of clouds aqueous phase, iron and hydrogen peroxide.First, the cycling of iron and its complexation still very uncertain was studied. In order to provide responses we achieved a screening to evaluate the capacity of cloud microorganisms to produce siderophores. The results obtained suggest the possible presence of siderophores in cloud water as chelating molecules of iron (III) which could have a strong impact on iron chemistry in cloud aqueous phase.Then, we focused on hydrogen peroxide. The parameters and mechanisms responsible for the biotic and abiotic transformation of H2O2 in cloud water were studied, as well as its effects on energetic metabolism of microorganisms. The modifications of the microbial metabolism in the presence of H2O2 were pursued using metabolomics. The results suggest that H2O2 strongly modulate the energetic metabolism of cloud microorganisms. They are able to handle oxidative stress conditions but at the same time this stress induces a reorganization of their metabolism. Various metabolic pathways such as sugar, carboxylic acids, lipids, amino acids, peptide and glutathione metabolism are impacted.One of the important perspectives to consider is the integration of these biological data into atmospheric chemistry models in order to improve the quantification of this modulation on atmospheric chemistry. For this, biodegradation rate constants of four major compounds present in clouds were determined. The output will allow us to assess better the impact of microbial metabolism on clouds chemistry
Allard, Erik. "Metabolic Studies with Liquid Separation Coupled to Mass Spectrometry." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analytisk kemi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-110310.
Full textWiklund, Susanne. "Spectroscopic data and multivariate analysis : tools to study genetic perturbations in poplar trees." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Chemistry, Umeå Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1396.
Full textHouël, Emeline. "Étude de substances bioactives issues de la flore amazonienne : analyse de préparations phytothérapeutiques à base de Quassia amara L (simaroubacae) et Psidium acutangulum DC (Myrtaceae) utilisées en Guyane française pour une indication antipaludique : identification et analyse métabolomique d'huiles essentielles à activité antifongique." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0415/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to search for new bioactive compounds, displaying either antiplasmodial or antifungal activity. Two strategies were developed here: the evaluation of traditional remedies identified as antimalarial through ethnopharmacological studies, and the search for antifungal essential oils, the criterium being here a bioinspired approach. Our work led to the discovery that the antimalarial activity of Quassia amara L. (Simaroubaceae) fresh young leaves was due to the presence of a known quassinoid, simalikalactone D. In the case of Psidium acutangulum DC. (Myrtaceae), a flavonol glycosides mixture explained the activity observed for the decoction. The search for antifungal essential oils from the Amazonian flora led to the identification of several interesting species, thus validating our bioinspired strategy. The essential oil of Otacanthus azureus (Linden) Ronse was among the most active ones, either alone or in combination with azole drugs. Eventually, a metabolomic study of the GC/MS composition of these oils allowed us to develop a statistical tool which could help to select interesting antifungal products. This work thus demonstrates the major interest of the two strategies – ethnopharmacology and bioinspiration – for the search of new bioactive compounds