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Academic literature on the topic 'Métabolome spécialisé'
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Journal articles on the topic "Métabolome spécialisé"
Tankeu, Aurel T., and Christel Tran. "Fatigue chronique: quand suspecter une maladie héréditaire du métabolisme?" Praxis 111, no. 1 (January 2022): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003772.
Full textHalimi, Serge. "Faut-il créer une spécialité complémentaire en cardio-métabolisme ?" Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques 15, no. 5 (September 2021): 449–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mmm.2021.07.005.
Full textMartel-Naquin, P., C. Comel, R. Gourdon, and J. Veron. "Biodégradation anaérobie de l'acide crotonique par une biomasse bactérienne spécialisée dans la dégradation de l'acide butyrique." Revue des sciences de l'eau 5, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705122ar.
Full textHarpet, Cyrille, and Stéphanie Pincetl. "Dossier : Le groupe des Dix, des précurseurs de l'interdisciplinarité – Des modèles pour comprendre la complexité des systèmes urbains. Apports et apories autour de l’ouvrage L’homme et la ville d’Henri Laborit." Natures Sciences Sociétés 27, no. 2 (April 2019): 178–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/nss/2019035.
Full textGUEGUEN, N., L. LEFAUCHEUR, and P. HERPIN. "Relations entre fonctionnement mitochondrial et types contractiles des fibres musculaires." INRAE Productions Animales 19, no. 4 (September 13, 2006): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2006.19.4.3494.
Full textOUHAYOUN, J. "La composition corporelle du lapin. Facteurs de variation." INRAE Productions Animales 2, no. 3 (July 10, 1989): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1989.2.3.4415.
Full textMANDONNET, N., E. TILLARD, B. FAYE, A. COLLIN, J. L. GOURDINE, M. NAVES, D. BASTIANELLI, M. TIXIER-BOICHARD, and D. RENAUDEAU. "Adaptation des animaux d’élevage aux multiples contraintes des régions chaudes." INRAE Productions Animales 24, no. 1 (March 4, 2011): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.1.3236.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Métabolome spécialisé"
Barreda, Léa. "Characterization of the seed specialized metabolome landscape and plasticity in Brassicaceae species." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB048.
Full textSpecialized metabolites (SMs) play crucial roles in the interaction of plants and seeds with their environment. SM modifications greatly contribute to SM diversity and activities. Despite their importance for seed quality, the study of the impact of the environment on the synthesis, modification and accumulation of SMs in seeds has been neglected. Seeds accumulate both beneficial and antinutritional SMs with a large range of biological and ecological roles and significant importance for human and animal nutrition, and other industrial uses. Hence, study the diversity, distribution and regulation of SMs in seeds upon environmental stresses is of major relevance, especially in the current context of climate change. This is particularly true for seeds of Brassicaceae species, which include both model and crop species that are widely cultivated across the world and used/consumed as vegetables, fodder, or oilseeds. These species show diverse SM composition and distribution, which makes them valuable models to study the impacts of environmental stresses on seed SMs. This Ph.D. project aimed at characterizing the diversity and plasticity of seed specialized metabolites in Brassicaceae species under environmental stresses by using multi-omic, molecular biology and reverse genetic approaches. In a first study, the diversity and plasticity of seed SMs from several Camelina sativa genotypes cultivated in open field for several consecutive years were assessed. The results obtained showed that the accumulation of SMs in Camelina seeds was more impacted by the environmental conditions rather than the genotype, and that the plasticity of SMs was higher compared to those of major seed storage compounds, including oil, proteins, and other primary metabolites. A second study aimed to evaluate the impact of stress conditions on developing seeds of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Heat stress (HS) was found to induce the strongest changes in seed specialized metabolome, compared to drought stress and copper chloride stress (inducing oxidative stress and mimicking biotic stress effects). Hence, the study has been focused on studying the effect of HS on specialized metabolome during Arabidopsis seed development by using multi-omic analyses (untargeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses). A wide range of SMs and genes were affected by HS during seed development. Among them, glucosinolates (GSLs) related to ALKENYL HYDROXALKYL PRODUCING 3 (AOP3) GSL hydroxylase enzyme were strongly induced by HS. Besides, several thioglucose sinapoylated and benzoylated GSLs were identified and reported for the first time. Untargeted metabolomic and physiological analyses were performed with several Arabidopsis mutants for GSL-related genes and wild-type genotype, in order to elucidate the synthesis, modifications, regulation and functions of those thioglucose acylated GSLs. The obtained results showed that the acyltransferase SERINE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE LIKE 17 (SCPL17) and BENZOYLGLUCOSINOLATE 1 (BZO1) are involved in the sinapoylation and/or benzoylation of GSL thioglucose moieties and that thioglucose benzoylated and sinapoylated GSLs are involved in Arabidopsis HS responses in seeds. Finally, to study and characterize seed SM distribution, multi-omic analyses have been performed on C. sativa seed embryo (SE) and seed coat and endosperm (SCE) tissues from developing and germinating seeds. The data obtained revealed some specific accumulation pattern of GSLs and related degradation products in the different seed tissues of C. sativa, A. thaliana and Brassica napus species that provide valuable complementary information to the previously described work about GSL functions and activities. In particular, the short methionine derived (Met-de) GSLs (<8C) accumulated in SE, while longer Met-de GSLs (>7C) accumulated in SC. Differently, GSL degradation products accumulation showed diverse accumulation patterns in the three Brassicaceae species
Najah, Soumaya. "Etude du métabolisme spécialisé de Streptomyces sp. TN58." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS496.
Full textThe number of sequenced bacterial genomes available in databases is steadily increasing. With the development of bioinformatics tools, the exploration of these genomic data has become much easier. These genomic analyzes reveal that an important reservoir of genes for specialized metabolism, and potentially bioactive metabolites, remains to be explored. The vast majority of bacterial specialized metabolism was therefore ignored. I studied the specialized metabolism of a Streptomyces strain called Streptomyces sp.TN58, isolated from a Tunisian soil sample and retained for its broad spectrum of biological activity. Its genome has been sequenced in the frame of this work. I was particularly interested in the biosynthesis of two families of specialized metabolites, acyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosides and diketopiperazines (DKPs).Acyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosides are compounds having a rhamnose group linked to an acyl group. They possess a variety of biological activities of medical interest (anti-tumor, antifungal, antibacterial…). Their production by Streptomyces sp. has been described previously but no study of their biosynthetic pathway is available in literature. Streptomyces sp.TN58 strain was known to produce two molecules of this family. I showed that it produced a third one and I looked for the genes directing their biosynthesis. I have identified the genes involved in the biosynthesis of the rhamnose precursor and shown that their inactivation abolished the biosynthesis of acyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosides. However, the genes located in the vicinity of the rhamnose biosynthetic genes are not involved in acyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside biosynthesis. This organization is unusual because all the genes directing the biosynthesis of a specialized metabolite are not clustered, contrarily to what is usually found in Streptomyces and more generally in microorganisms. A genome-mining approach allowed the identification of candidate genes, but the inactivation of some of these genes did not abolish the biosynthesis of the three acyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside molecules. This suggests that several rather promiscuous enzymes might be involved in the biosynthesis of acyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosides.DKPs are cyclic dipeptide derivatives. This class of natural products possesses a wide variety of biological activities, but their physiological role in the producing organism remains often unknown. DKPs can be synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs) or by cyclodipetide synthases (CDPSs). Contrarily to NRPSs which are enzymatic megacomplexes using amino acids as substrate, CDPSs are small enzymes using amino-acylated tRNAs as a substrate. The synthesized cyclodipeptides can undergo various modifications, which explains the diversity of DKP chemical structures. Mining the genome of Streptomyces sp. TN58 allowed the identification of a cluster of two genes (encoding a CDPS and a cytochrome P450) homologous to genes involved in the biosynthesis of a DKP (mycocyclosin) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. I managed to identify the DKP synthesized. I constructed mutant strains to test the hypothesis that these DKPs could play a role as signaling molecules for morphological differentiation and antibiotic production in Streptomyces sp.TN58. Preliminary results seem to support this hypothesis
Coq--Etchegaray, Domitille. "Déterminisme génétique de la variation des métabolites spécialisés en lien avec les interactions biotiques chez une plante de grande culture et une espèce forestière dominante." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0478.
Full textChemical compounds also called “specialized metabolites” play a key role in protection and defense of plants against environmental stresses. Many specialized metabolites are involved in defenses against herbivores or contribute to resistance to oxidative stresses. Within species, specialized metabolites production varied extensively between individuals. This variation may be a response of individuals to biotic and abiotic stresses, but also originated from genetic differences among individuals. Thus, specialized metabolites natural variation, whether constitutive or induced in response to the environment, is controlled by genetic differences between individuals, cultivars or populations. During my PhD, we studied the variation of specialized metabolism determined by genetic differences between individuals within two species, sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). In the first chapter, we investigate the natural variation of leaf specialized metabolites and identify the genetic basis underlying the variation within sessile oak populations, a long-lived species displaying high genetic diversity among populations. While studying the natural variation and the underlying genetic basis, we explored the genetic diversity patterns associated with specialized metabolism within and among populations. We showed that a majority of specialized metabolites we investigated don’t display differentiation among populations. Interestingly, we detected genetic polymorphisms with large effects on specialized metabolites suggesting that variation of specialized metabolites within populations has a large genetic component. While studying specialized metabolites annotations and candidate genes we discuss hypotheses that may explain the maintenance of genetic diversity. In the second chapter, we explore the differentiated expression of specialized metabolism-related genes of bread wheat cultivars in response to the infection by a pathogen. Here, we study the potential role of artificial selection, as well as polyploidy, on the capacity of cultivars to induce differentiated gene expression responses of genes related to the specialized metabolism. By studying relative gene expression among copies of homoeologous genes, termed as expression bias, we explored the role of polyploidy on the gene expression response to the infection by a pathogen. Specifically, we explored whether cultivars, with different genetic backgrounds shaped through breeding programs, displayed differentiated expression bias and changes in expression bias in response to the infection. We showed that specialized metabolism homoeologous genes displayed contrasting changes of homoeolog expression biases in response to the infection among cultivars. Identifying the genetic or epigenetic variation among cultivars influencing the plastic response of expression bias improves our understanding of how the selective history of the cultivars modified how the three wheat subgenomes interact. Overall, the results of this work show that the intraspecific variation of specialized metabolite production within these two species is strongly influenced by genetics and that structural genetic variation is an important component of the genetic bases of these traits. Specifically we highlighted the importance of two types of structural variation shaping the variation of specialized metabolites production. In oaks, a diploid species with high genetic diversity, polymorphisms between duplicated genes associated with specialized metabolism appear to be a major source of functional and genetic diversity of the natural variation of specialized metabolism. On the other hand, in wheat, a highly selected species with lower genetic diversity, the relative contribution of homoeologous genes to the transcription of specialized metabolism related genes appears to be a source of variation in the induction of specialized metabolism in response to biotic stresses
Beaupied, Hélène Delphine. "Etude mécanique et énergétique de la marche, de la course et de la transition marche-cours : influence de la spécialité athlétique." Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20002.
Full textThe @purpose of our study is to analyze the training effect on human locomotion. Subjects of different training specificities walk and run on a treadmill at given speeds. During exercise, physiological and 3D kinematic parameters are measured. Results show that it is difficult to dissociate the different groups by analyzing mechanical parameters. Moreover, untrained subjects had significantly higher rotational kinetic energy than trained ones. It seems that a limit is reached in mechanical parameters for high speed walking. We studied the theoretical transition speeds between walking and running: by calculating the crossover points between metabolic energy and internal work, in relation with walking and running speeds
Aubry, Céline. "Towards combinatorial biosynthesis of pyrrolamide antibiotics in Streptomyces." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS245.
Full textFor more than 80 years, specialized metabolism has provided us with many molecules used in medicine, especially as anti-infectives. Yet today, with the rise of antimicrobial resistance worldwide, new antibiotics are crucially needed. One of the answers to this serious shortage could arise from synthetic biology. In the field of specialized metabolism, synthetic biology is used in particular to biosynthesize unnatural metabolites. Among specialized metabolites, non-ribosomal peptides constitute an attractive target as they have already provided us with clinically valuable molecules (e.g. the vancomycin and daptomycin antibiotics). In addition, most are synthesized by multimodular enzymes called non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) and further diversified by tailoring enzymes. Thus, such biosynthetic pathways are particularly amenable to combinatorial biosynthesis, which consists in combining biosynthetic genes coming from various gene clusters or, in the case of NRPSs, combining modules or domains to create a new enzyme. Yet, if several studies have established the feasibility of such approaches, many obstacles remain before combinatorial biosynthesis approaches are fully effective for the synthesis of new metabolites. The work presented here is part of a project aiming at understanding the limiting factors impeding NRPS-based combinatorial biosynthesis approaches, using a synthetic biology approach. We chose to work with the NRPSs involved in the biosynthesis of pyrrolamides. Indeed, these NRPS are solely constituted of stand-alone modules and domains, and thus, particularly amenable to genetic and biochemical manipulations. The characterization of the biosynthetic gene cluster of the pyrrolamide anthelvencin constitutes the first part of this thesis, and provided us with new genes for our study. The second part involved the construction of modular integrative vectors, essential tools for the construction and assembly of gene cassettes. The final part presents the successful refactoring of the congocidine pyrrolamide gene cluster, based on the construction and assembly of synthetic gene cassettes. Altogether, this work paves the way for future combinatorial biosynthesis experiments that should help deciphering the detailed functioning of NRPSs
Bret, Carine. "Qualités neuro-musculaires et métabolisme du lactate : relation avec la performance sur 100 m et dans différentes spécialités athlétiques (400 à 1500 m)." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10240.
Full textMartinelli, Laure Marie Bernadette. "Étude de la biosynthèse des terpènes et de leur régulation chez Pelargonium x hybridum." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES010.
Full textThe Pelargonium genus belongs to the Geraniaceae family and includes more than 280 species as well as multiple hybrids and varieties, which have been selected by botanists since the 18th century. Among these accessions, several can be found on the market as ornemental plant (e.g. P. x hortorum) whereas some are cultivated for essential oil (EO) production (e.g. P. x hybridum cv rosat). P. rosat EO is stored in glandular trichomes from leaves and is mainly composed of mono- and sesqui-terpenoids. The resulting volatile organic compound mixture offers a characteristic “geranium” scent. Due to its sophisticated odour reminding of the rose scent, this scent is highly pursued by perfumers and fragrance industries. The purpose of this thesis was to improve our understanding of the terpenoid diversity in pelargonium EO and decipher mechanims underlying their biosynthesis, in particular by characterising enzymes responsible for their production. To this aim, biochemical and transcriptomic studies have been performed. Therefore, a multi-omic approach has been implemented to analyse the terpenome from ten scented-pelargoniums. Moreover, structural and functional analysis of several enzymes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis have been performed and the effect of a climatic stress on the EO composition has been studied
Poidevin, Mickaël. "La synthèse d'acides gras dans des cellules spécialisées agit à distance sur le processus d'activation des ovocytes chez la drosophile." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL016.
Full textA statistical study by the World Health Organization revealed that one adult over six is affected by infertility problems. This major social issue is complex and multifactorial, with worldwide trends that are difficult to assess. It is therefore essential to carry out more research to better understand not only the evolution of infertility, but also the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to efficient fertility.Serendipitously, we discovered that a genetic screen to enzymes responsible for fatty acid synthesis in specialized Drosophila cells provoked a sterile phenotype. These specialized cells, called as oenocytes, are essential for fatty acid metabolism, and are involved in numerous processes, including lipid homeostasis, protection against desiccation and pheromonal communication.My work shows that the synthesis of one or more very long-chain fatty acids in oenocytes is essential for female fertility, and that a defect in this synthesis causes spermatozoa to be retaintion in the storage organs, spermathecae and seminal receptacle. I have shown that the sterility phenotype is not linked to a defect in sperm activity, and that sperm fertilize mature oocytes efficiently. On the other hand, my results indicate that the eggs show an activation defect preventing their development.In insects, activation of the mature oocyte, which leads to embryonic development, is not dependent on sperm entry as in mammals. This activation is triggered by a calcium signal while the oocyte moves through the female genital tract. Taken together, my results show for the first time that an extra-genital lipid-signal triggers the activation of mature oocytes, thus enabling the induction of embryonic development
Negre, Delphine. "Rationalisation de l’Accès aux Produits Naturels Fongiques par une Approche OSMAC in silico : Cas d’étude avec la modélisation du métabolisme de Penicillium rubens." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU4038.
Full textGiven the pressing issue of increasing antibiotic resistance threatening public health, new biologically active molecule research is urgent. Filamentous fungi are charcterised by their ability to synthesise a wide range of natural products, driven by biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that orchestrate the production of specialised metabolites. However, many products derived from these BGCs remain uncharacterised, and their chemodiversity is underexplored due to the inability to activate their full potential in laboratory settings. The OSMAC (One Strain Many Compounds) approach seeks to harness this potential through culture condition variations. Nevertheless, this method remains complex and costly due to its randomness and vast number of experiments required. Therefore, optimising these processes needs the integration of more rational and efficient strategies. Using systems biology approaches, genome-scale metabolic networks (GSMNs) provide detailed modeling of metabolic pathways, involved enzymes, and associated genes, offering a precise overview of metabolism. In this context, we propose an alternative strategiy: in silico OSMAC. By reconstructing an updated GSMN for Penicillium rubens , we studied its metabolic responses under various nutritional scenarios. This modelling enabled us to assess the influence of different carbon and nitrogen sources on growth and the production of specialised metabolites, thereby opening new prospects for optimising the production of natural products
Chalvin, Camille. "Sclareol biosynthesis in clary sage and its regulation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS194/document.
Full textSclareol is a diterpene produced by floral organs of clary sage (Salvia sclarea, Lamiaceae). It is used in perfume industry for the hemisynthesis of ambroxide, a high-valued perfume component characterized by an amber scent and a high perfume fixation capacity. The global demand for sclareol currently rises, prompting attempts at increasing the yield of sclareol production from clary sage. The purpose of the work presented in this manuscript was to improve knowledge on sclareol biosynthesis and its regulation in clary sage, in order to highlight strategies aiming at enhancing clary sage sclareol content. The analysis of the surface of clary sage calyces by mass spectrometry imaging suggests that sclareol is mainly secreted by specialized epidermal structures called glandular trichomes. Moreover, we have highlighted the respective contributions of the two terpenoid biosynthesis pathways present in plants, MVA and MEP pathways, to the biosynthesis of three terpenoids of clary sage. ¹³C-labeling experiments indicate that sclareol and linalyl acetate both originate from the MEP pathway, whereas β-caryophyllene seems to be of mixed origin. We have also investigated the potential role of a phytohormone, methyljasmonate, in the regulation of sclareol production in clary sage. Finally, we have explored the genetic and phenotypic diversity of Croatian wild clary sage populations and show that these populations represent a distinct genetic resource compared to reference populations. Taken together, these results highlight promising avenues for targeted genetic enhancement of clary sage performances