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1

Conterato, Elisabete Viera. "Níveis de leptina, taxa metabólica basal e resistência insulínica em crianças obesas púberes." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/129680.

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Introdução: A obesidade infanto-juvenil é um problema de saúde pública, com alta endemia e prevalência crescente no mundo todo. É uma doença associada a significativos problemas de saúde na população pediátrica, que afeta principalmente os sistemas cardiovascular e o endócrino, com risco elevado de desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensão arterial, aterosclerose e dislipidemias. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre os níveis séricos de leptina, a taxa metabólica basal e a resistência insulínica com o escore Z do índice de massa corporal de crianças púberes com obesidade. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 37 crianças obesas púberes de 7 a 12 anos de idade, atendidas pela primeira vez no Ambulatório de Obesidade Infantil, entre junho/2013 a abril/2014. Os participantes foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica, aferição da pressão arterial, auto-classificação da maturação sexual, testes laboratoriais e bioimpedância. Resultados: O peso, o índice de massa corporal e a leptina diferiram de modo significativo entre os grupos (grupo 1 indivíduos com obesidade (2 3)), bem como a porcentagem da massa gorda e a taxa metabólica basal. As crianças desse estudo, independente do grau de obesidade, apresentaram níveis elevados de insulina (70,3%), Homeostasis model assessment >3,16 (73%), níveis baixos de colesterol de lipoproteína de alta densidade (67,6%) e circunferência abdominal acima p90 (89,18%). Em relação às variáveis analisadas, observa-se que não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. Conclusão: A obesidade infanto-juvenil já é um sinal de risco aumentado para o desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitus. Neste estudo, o índice de massa corporal e a circunferência abdominal, já se mostraram preditores de risco para alterações metabólicas, sendo instrumentos de fácil acesso e baixo custo.
Introduction: Childhood and adolescent obesity is a public health problem that presents high endemic and growing prevalence worldwide. It is a disease associated with important health problems in the population of children, that affects mainly the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, with high risck of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the serum levels of leptin, the basal metabolic rate and the insulin resistance, with the Z score of the body mass index of children with obesity. Methods: This is a transversal study and 37 obese children, aged between 7 to 12 years old, were treated for the first time in the outpatient care unit specialized in childhood obesity, from June/2013 to April/2014. The participants were submitted to anthropometric evaluation, blood pressure measurement, selfclassification of sexual maturity, laboratory tests and bioimpedance. Results: Weight, body mass index and leptin differed significantly between the groups (Group 1 - individuals as obese (2 3)), as well as body fat percentage and the basal metabolic rate. The children of this study presented high levels of insulin (70.3%), Homeostasis model assessment >3.16 (73%), low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (67.6%) and abdominal circumference above p90 (89.18%), regardless of their obesity classification. Concerning the variables analyzed, there were no significantly differences between the groups. Conclusion: Childhood and adolescent obesity already is an element that indicates a higher risk for the development of diabetes mellitus. In this study, the body mass index and the abdominal circumference have proven predictors of risk to develop metabolic alterations, being instruments easy to access and low cost.
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2

Paranhos, Vivian Maria dos Santos 1984. "Taxa metabólica basal em atletas usuários de cadeira de rodas : comparação entre dois métodos de avaliação." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275064.

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Orientador: Edison Duarte
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física
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Resumo: Considerada atualmente um problema de saúde pública, as lesões na medula espinhal na população aumentam a cada ano e com ela muitos problemas que irão acompanhar o indivíduo ao longo de toda a vida. Algumas dúvidas surgem ao trabalhar com essas pessoas pelos profissionais nutricionistas, visto as alterações fisiológicas decorrentes da lesão. Como calcular o gasto energético total diário e especificar, com maior precisão, as necessidades de calorias totais e de macronutrientes (proteínas, lipídeos, carboidratos e todas as vitaminas e minerais)? Como calcular esse gasto em atletas com lesão medular usuários de cadeira de rodas em suas práticas esportivas? O método comumente empregado para cálculo de gasto energético como a fórmula de Harris-Benedict, por exemplo, elaborada para indivíduos hígidos. Outro método utilizado para esse tipo de avaliação é o de calorimetria indireta, bastante preciso, porém inviável muitas vezes, quer pelo custo, quer pela dificuldade de aplicação. Esse estudo teve como o objetivo analisar o gasto energético basal através de um método de calorimetria indireta em atletas usuários de cadeira de rodas e comparar os resultados com a fórmula comumente utilizada (Harris-Benedict) buscando comparar os valores apresentados entre esses dois métodos. O estudo foi realizado com 14 indivíduos praticantes da modalidade de rugby em cadeira de rodas, com lesão da medula espinhal cervical (C5-C7), do gênero masculino, com idade entre 25 e 36 anos. Observou-se uma correlação significativa de 0,58 entre a comparação dos dois métodos e concordância significativa com intervalo de confiança entre eles de +154,3 kcal/dia até -115,5 kcal/dia. No entanto a fórmula de Harris & Benedict não prevê e não calcula o gasto relacionado à espasmos musculares, comum nessa população, dentre outras especificidades. Concluiu-se que a calorimetria indireta é um método mais preciso, validado e mais indicado para essa população quando comparado à fórmula de predição de Harris & Benedict, devido as especificidades da lesão da medula espinhal
Abstract: Currently considered a public health problem , injuries to the spinal cord in the population increase every year and with it many problems that will accompany the individual throughout life . Some questions arise when working with these people by professional nutritionists , since the physiological changes resulting from injury. How to calculate the total daily energy expenditure and to specify more precisely the needs of total calories and macronutrients ( proteins , lipids , carbohydrates and all the vitamins and minerals) ? How to calculate this expense in athletes with spinal cord injury wheelchair users in their sports practices ? The common method for calculating energy expenditure as the Harris-Benedict formula , for example , designed to healthy individuals . Another method used for this type of assessment is to indirect calorimetry quite accurate , but often impractical , either by cost or by the difficulty of implementation . This study aimed to analyze the basal energy expenditure through a method of indirect calorimetry in athletes of wheelchair users and compare the results with the commonly used formula ( Harris -Benedict ) trying to compare the values ??presented between these two methods . The study was conducted with 14 subjects practicing the sport of rugby in wheelchairs with cervical spinal cord ( C5 - C7 ) , male , aged between 25 and 36 years. There was a significant correlation of 0.58 between the two methods and a significant agreement with a confidence interval between them +154.3 kcal / day to -115.5 kcal / day. However the formula of Harris & Benedict does not provide and does not calculate the expense related to muscle , spasms common in this population , among other specifics . It was concluded that indirect calorimetry is a more accurate , validated and most appropriate method for this population when compared to the prediction formula of Harris & Benedict , because the specifics of spinal cord injury
Mestrado
Atividade Fisica Adaptada
Mestra em Educação Física
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3

Baik, Sonya A. "Catecholamines and basal metabolism in the myocardium." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ34085.pdf.

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4

Lachenbruch, Charles. "A Study of Lean Body Mass in Estimating Basal Metabolic Rate." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503992/.

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The primary purpose of the study was to determine if measured LBM could be used as a more powerful predictor of BMR than could surface area (SA) as calculated by the formula of DuBois and DuBois (1916). It was also of interest to develop a prediction equation for BMR using multiple regression analysis. Data from 82 women and 76 men were included in the study. Pearson product-moment correlations indicated that LBM was a better predictor for BMR than SA on either of the principal SA prediction equations, those of Aub and DuBois (1917) and Harris and Benedict (1919). Age, sex, and fat weight were not found to contribute significantly to prediction when included by multiple regression analyses. Linear equations for BMR as a function of LBM were developed for each sex. Tables based on these equations were also generated as a quick reference for clinicians.
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Doneda, Divair. "Doença de gaucher : avaliação nutricional e do gasto energético basal em pacientes do sul do brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25128.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A doença de Gaucher (DG) é um erro inato do metabolismo, do grupo das doenças lisossômicas, causado pela atividade deficiente da enzima glicocerebrosidase. Os tipos mais comuns da DG são o tipo I, que é o mais freqüente e não apresenta comprometimento neurológico; o II, agudo e neuropático; e o III, subagudo e neuropático. Todos os tipos caracterizam-se pela heterogeneidade clínica, com manifestações sintomáticas e de intensidade distintas, tais como hepatoesplenomegalia, alterações ósseas e hematológicas. Alguns estudos descrevem alterações metabólicas como gasto energético basal (GEB) aumentado – hipermetabolismo - em pacientes sem tratamento. A terapia de escolha para a DG é a reposição enzimática (TRE), a qual consegue reverter muitas das manifestações da doença. OBJETIVOS: 1) Avaliar o GEB por meio de calorimetria indireta em pacientes com DG do Centro de Referência do Rio Grande do Sul; 2) Avaliar o estado nutricional dos pacientes incluídos no estudo; 3) Relacionar o GEB com as condições clínicas dos pacientes. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal, prospectivo, controlado. Os pacientes atendidos no CRDG foram convidados a participar do estudo (n= 29), sendo que 17 concordaram (média de idade= 30,0 ± 17,2 anos, sexo masculino= 8; DG tipo III= 3 pacientes). Os pacientes com DG tipo I (n= 14; sexo masculino= 6) foram pareados por sexo, idade e índice de massa corporal (IMC) com controles hígidos para avaliação do GEB. Para determinação dos valores de VO2 e VCO2 foi utilizado um ergoespirômetro (MedGraphics Cardiorespiratory Diagnostic Systems, modelo CPX-D). Os pacientes e os controles receberam orientação prévia quanto ao jejum e o repouso e no dia da calorimetria foram pesados e medidos, sendo então calculado o IMC. Os pacientes não apresentavam outras morbidades, nem estavam em uso de medicamentos que poderiam interferir no GEB. Nas análises estatísticas, foi utilizado o GEB em kcal/kg/dia. RESULTADOS: A avaliação do estado nutricional revelou que, no grupo dos pacientes com DG tipo I, cinco estavam com sobrepeso e os demais eutróficos; no grupo com DG tipo III, dois pacientes encontravam-se desnutridos e um eutrófico. Foram realizadas 19 avaliações do GEB em 17 pacientes: dois pacientes a realizaram no período pré e após 6 meses de TRE. A média de idade e de IMC dos pacientes com DG tipo I e dos controles foi de 32,8 ± 17,6 e 32,1 ± 16,6 anos e 23,3 ± 3,1 e 22,4 ± 3,1kg/m2, respectivamente. A idade dos pacientes com DG tipo III foi, respectivamente, 12, 17 e 20 anos. Quatorze pacientes estavam recebendo TRE (média de tempo de TRE= 6,6 ± 5,3 anos; média de dose de enzima= 27,1 ± 11,7 UI/kg/inf. de imiglucerase). A média de GEB dos pacientes com DG tipo I em TRE (n= 12) foi 27,1% maior do que a dos controles (p= 0,007). O GEB de pacientes em TRE (n=12) comparado aos sem TRE (n= 4) não apresentou diferença (p= 0,92). Comparando o GEB dos pacientes em TRE e o de seus controles com o GEB estimado pela equação de Harris-Benedict, observou-se que os pacientes apresentaram GEB 6,3% maior do que o estimado (p= 0,1), enquanto que seus controles tiveram GEB 17,0% menor do que o estimado (p= 0,001). O GEB medido dos pacientes com DG tipo III foi, respectivamente, 14%, 72% e 16% maior do que o estimado pela equação de Harris e Benedict. Não foi encontrada associação significativa entre GEB e as seguintes variáveis: idade, peso, estatura, escore de gravidade, quantidade de enzima recebida, idade de início de TRE, tempo de tratamento e presença ou ausência de megalias. A correlação do GEB com o IMC foi negativa e significativa, conforme esperado. DISCUSSÃO/CONCLUSÕES: O estado nutricional classificado pelo IMC mostrou que a maior parte dos pacientes com DG tipo I estava eutrófica; no entanto, um terço apresentou pré-obesidade. Dois dos três pacientes com DG tipo III encontravam-se desnutridos. Todos os pacientes, mesmo em TRE, apresentaram um GEB significativamente maior do que os controles. A TRE não consegue normalizar o hipermetabolismo desses pacientes.
INTRODUCTION: Gaucher disease (GD) is an inborn error of metabolism of the group of lysosomal diseases, caused by the deficient activity of the glucocerebrosidase enzyme. The most common types of GD are: type I, which is the most frequent and does not present neurological compromise; type II, which is acute and neuropathic; and type III, which is subacute and neuropathic. All types are characterized by clinical heterogeneity and symptomatic manifestations of various intensity, such as hepatoesplenomegaly and bone and hematological alterations. Some studies have described metabolic alterations, such as increased basal metabolic rate (BMR), that is, hypermetabolism, in untreated patients. The therapy of choice for GD is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), which can stop many manifestations of the disease. OBJECTIVES: 1) To evaluate BMR by means of indirect calorimetry in patients with GD seen at the Reference Center for Gaucher Disease of Rio Grande do Sul (RCGD); 2) To evaluate the nutritional status of patients included in the study; 3) To relate BMR with clinical conditions presented by patients. METHODS: The present was a prospective, controlled, cross-over study. Patients seen at the RCGD were invited to participate in the study (n=29); of these, 17 agreed to participate (mean age=30.0 ± 17.2 years, male= 8; GD type III=3 patients). Patients with GD type I (n=14; male= 6) were paired by gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) to healthy controls to evaluate BMR. To determine the values of VO2 and VCO2 an ergospirometer was used (MedGraphics Cardiorespiratory Diagnostic Systems, model CPX-D). Patients and controls received previous orientation as to fasting and resting and, on the day of the calorimetry, were weighed and measured in order for the BMI to be calculated. Patients did not present any other morbidity, neither were they making use of any medication that could interfere with BMR. In the statistical analyses, BMR in kcal/kg/day was used. RESULTS: The evaluation of the nutritional status showed that, in the group of patients with GD type I, five patients were overweight; the other were eutrophic; in the group of patients with GD type III, two patients were malnourished; one was eutrophic. Nineteen evaluations of BMR were conducted in 17 patients; two patients conducted the evaluation in the period pre-ERT and after 6 months of ERT. Mean age and mean BMI of patients with GD type I and controls were 32.8 ± 17.6 and 32.1 ± 16.6 years and 23.3 ± 3.1 and 22.4 ± 3.1kg/m2, respectively. The age of patients with GD type III was, respectively, 12, 17 and 20 years. Fourteen patients were receiving ERT (mean time of ERT=6.6 ± 5.3 years; mean enzyme dose=27.1 ± 11.7 UI/kg/inf of imiglucerase). The mean BMR of patients with GD type I on TRE (n=12) was 27.1% higher when compared to controls (p=0.007). When compared to patients not on ERT (n=4), the BMR of patients on ERT (n=12) did not show any difference (p=0.92). Comparing the BMR of patients on ERT and that of their controls with the BMR estimated by the Harris-Benedict equation, we observed that patients showed a 6.3% higher BMR than the estimated (p=0.1), while the BMR of their controls was 17.0% lower than the estimated (p=0.001). The BMR of patients with GD type III was, respectively, 14%, 72% and 16% higher than the estimated by the Harris-Benedict equation. No significant association was found between BMR and the following variables: age; weight; height; severity score; amount of enzyme received; age at beginning of ERT; time of treatment; and presence or absence of megalies. The correlation between BMR and BMI was negative and significant, as expected. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: The nutritional status classified by BMI showed that most patients with GD type I were eutrophic; however, one third of the patients showed pre-obesity. Two of the three patients with GD type III were malnourished. All patients, even on ERT, showed a significantly higher BMR when compared to controls. In conclusion, ERT was not able to normalize the hypermetabolism of these patients.
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Reeves, Sue L. "Biological variation in basal metabolic rate and energy metabolism." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1997. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/0950eae3-8373-4c20-8320-3aa491dcb325/1/.

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Biological variation is evident in all aspects of nutrition, particularly total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and basal metabolic rate (BMR). The impact of ethnicity on biological variation on certain aspects of energy metabolism has been investigated. Predictive equations to estimate BMR were published by the FAOIWHOIUNU (1985) in a report entitled EllerK}' and Protein Requirements. Since its publication, serious concern has been expressed on the validity of these equations, largely because the analysis appears to be based on a biased and incomplete analysis of the world literature on BMR. Using an expanded database (n=10,004) and stringent selection criteria the global BMR data has been re-analysed and new predictive equations presented. The robustness of the new equations were tested by comparing their predictive accuracy with those of existing ones. The BMR of 77 women aged 18-30 years were found to be best described by the newly developed Oxford Brookes equations and the Henry & Rees (1991) equations for tropical peoples (P < 0.05 and NS respectively). Furthermore, the new expanded data base was used to plot nonnal curves for BMR for individuals which compared ethnic differences. It was observed that when BMR is expressed per kilogram of body mass, ethnic differences are diminished. The necessity to estimate TDEE in various ethnic groups prompted the evaluation of a non-invasive easy to use technique. Heart rate monitoring as a means of estimating TDEE is reviewed and compares favourably to the use of activity diaries. Whilst highly variable, heart rate monitoring is acknowledged as a valuable tool in the estimation of energy expenditure and activity in individuals and populations Ethnic differences in energy intake in a migrating student population were assessed. Malaysian students recently arrived in the UK were requested to keep food diaries in order to detect changes in their diets. Particular emphasis was placed on changes in the energy densities of food consumed and their effect on body weight and energy balance. After 6 months, it was observed that energy balance was maintained despite the energy density of food consumed in the UK being significantly (P < 0.05) more energy dense than food consumed in their native Malaysia. This illustrates the precise way in which the human body can maintain energy balance. Anthropometric differences were compared in 553 individuals from 4 ethnic groups in a study investigating the ann-span and height relationship. Differences were found between the ethnic groups (P < O.OI). The use of ann-span as a proxy for height should be used with caution. It is imperative that more global data collected under strict control is required before human biological variation can be attributed to true ethnic differences and not merely individual variation.
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Carvalho, Thalyta Morandi Ridolfi de 1985. "Avaliação da composição corporal, citocinas inflamatórias e gasto energético basal em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço antes e após o tratamento padrão." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311985.

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Orientador: Sarah Monte Alegre
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Mundialmente estimam-se 644.000 novos casos de câncer de cabeça e pescoço no mundo com dois terços dos casos ocorrendo em países em desenvolvimento. Os principais sinais e sintomas clínicos são dificuldade para engolir os alimentos, aumento do volume da região cervical, rouquidão, sangramento e em alguns casos dor que guiam o paciente à perda de peso. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o gasto energético basal e os fatores que mais influenciam na perda de peso de trinta e dois pacientes com carcinoma de células escamosas de cabeça e pescoço em estádios III e IV do sistema TNM antes e após 30 dias do término da radioterapia e quimioterapia,compreendidos numa faixa etária de 30 a 65 anos, de ambos os sexos. A seleção dos indivíduos foi realizada no ambulatório de Oncologia do Hospital das Clinicas -Universidade Estadual de Campinas. A coleta de dados realizou-se na Unidade Metabólica, 6° andar do HC-UNICAMP que englobou o preenchimento de um questionário com informações pessoais (idade, sexo, tabagismo), avaliação do estado nutricional (peso, altura e avaliação subjetiva global preenchida pelo próprio paciente), avaliação da composição corporal (bioempedância elétrica, circunferência braquial, prega cutânea do tríceps e circunferência muscular do braço), avaliação do gasto energético basal (calorimetria indireta), avaliação metabólica/bioquímica (colesterol total e frações, triglicérides, glicemia, insulinemia, adiponectina, leptina, fator de necrose tumoral (TNF-?), interleucina 1 (IL-1?), interleucina 6 (IL-6) e avaliação da sensibilidade à insulina (HOMA). Além disso os pacientes foram avaliados em relação à ingestão alimentar por meio do recordatório de 24 horas e do Índice de Alimentação Saudável. Os dados foram digitados em banco de dados utilizando-se o programa Excel e para a análise estatística utilizou-se o programa SAS para Windows versão 9.1.3. com nível de significância ? 5%. Nosso estudo mostrou que não podemos justificar a perda de peso pelo aumento do gasto energético basal e/ou diminuição do gasto energético basal, sendo a mesma influenciada por fatores derivados do tumor e pelo início de um processo inflamatório e sugerimos que o aporte nutricional precoce e a ressecção tumoral antes de iniciar o tratamento poderiam melhorar o prognóstico do paciente
Abstract: Worldwide, an estimated 644,000 new cases of head and neck cancer are diagnosed each year, with two- thirds of cases occurring in undeveloped countries. They are usually seen as a set of signs and symptoms which include lesions of the oral cavity, swelling of the neck, difficulty in swallowing food, hoarseness, bleeding and ultimately pain that in some cases can lead to malnutrition. Furthermore, the standard treatment increases weight loss. The main of this study was to evaluate the resting energy expenditure and the factors that had the most influence on weight loss of thirty two patients (aged between 30 and 65 years of both genders) with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck in stage III and IV of the TNM system before and after 30 days of completion radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The selection of subjects was performed at the Hospital Oncology Clinic, University of Campinas. Data collection took place in the Metabolic Unit which included filling out a questionnaire with personal information such as (age, sex, smoker or non-smoker ...), assessment of nutritional status (weight, height and subjective global assessment completed by the patient), evaluation of body composition (bioelectrical impedance, arm circumference, triceps skinfold and arm muscle circumference), evaluation of resting energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry), evaluation of metabolic / biochemical factors (total cholesterol and fractions , triglycerides, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF-?), interleukin 1 ? (IL-1?), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and evaluation of insulin sensitivity (HOMA). In addition, the patient was evaluated in relation to food intake by 24-hour recall and the Healthy Eating Index. The data were entered into the database using the program Excel and the statistical analysis used the SAS for Windows version 9.1. 3. with a significance level ? 5%. Our study demonstrated that we cannot justify the weight loss either by increasing the resting energy expenditure or decreasing; it is influenced by factors derived from the tumor and the beginning of an inflammatory process. Nutritional support and early tumor resection before starting treatment improves the nutritional prognosis
Mestrado
Ciencias Basicas
Mestre em Clinica Medica
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Miniat, Nancy P. 1953. "Resting metabolic rates in women of varying body composition." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276736.

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This study compared three indirect calorimetry determinations, as kcals/minute, over three consecutive days on 28 healthy, sedentary women of varying body composition. No significant within-individual variation for VO2, CO2, respiratory quotient (RQ), or Kcals/minute was found among the three days. A low coefficient of variation (3.4 +/- 3%) and a relatively small standard deviation in mean Kcals/day (1383 +/- 214) suggests possibly one or only a few measures are necessary for predicting resting metabolic rate (RMR) within a range applicable for clinical use. There were strong correlations of body weight and body composition variables (fat and LBM) with RMR. Knowing both LBM and fat mass increased the ability to predict RMR significantly over the prediction with either variable alone. The Harris Benedict equation over-predicted RMR by 11.1% compared to RMR measured by indirect calorimetry. When equations are based on body weight, rather than LBM, metabolic rate may be over-predicted in obese populations.
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Dyer, Sarah. "Basal metabolic rate in pre-adolescent and adolescent children in Oxford, England." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363721.

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Phillips, Brian. "The effects of resistance training on resting metabolic rates in overweight adults /." Read thesis online, 2010. http://library.uco.edu/UCOthesis/PhillipsB2010.pdf.

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Blackstone, Eric A. "Hydrogen sulfide induced suspended animation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5075.

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Gómez, Herreros César Gonzalo. "Efecto modulador del sulfuro de hidrógeno en el metabolismo basal en Cavia porcellus (cuy) normales." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5949.

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Evalúa el efecto modulador del H2S a 80 ppm sobre el metabolismo basal en Cavia porcellus (cuy) normales. Para ello mide el consumo de oxígeno y producción de dióxido de carbono del Cavia porcellus (cuy) normales inmediatamente antes y después de la exposición al sulfuro de hidrógeno. Para luego determinar los cambios histológicos a nivel de tejido pulmonar, cardiaco y renal, y los niveles de hemoglobina entre los grupos experimentales (control, experimental y gold estándar).
Tesis
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Orcy, Rafael Bueno. "Sinalização da Akt/PKB em placenta, músculo esquelético e tecido adiposo de mulheres com prê-eclâmpsia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11254.

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A pré-eclâmpsia (PE) é causa importante de mortalidade fetal e materna em todo mundo e existem evidências que a resistência à insulina esteja implicada em sua fisiopatologia. A via Akt/PKB é estimulada pela insulina e exerce várias funções vitais como crescimento, sobrevivência e metabolismo celular. Objetivo: investigar a expressão basal da Akt/PKB, proteínas que regulam sua atividade e de seus substratos em placenta, músculo esquelético e adipócitos de parturientes normais e com pré-eclâmpsia. Método: amostras de 17 pacientes normais e 17 pacientes com PE foram coletadas, preparadas e analisadas por Western blot para quantificação da expressão de proteínas envolvidas na cascata de sinalização da Akt/PKB. Resultados: em placentas a expressão basal da P85 foi 1,12 (0,83 – 1,62 mediana e percentils 25 - 75), para normais e 1,29 (0,89 – 1,96) para PE com p = 0,42; a expressão da Akt/PKB total foi 1,85 (1,07 - 3,12) para normais e 1,53 (1,27-3,08) com p = 1,00. A atividade dos substratos da Akt/PKB fosforilados em serina e treonina foi semelhante entre placentas de parturientes normais e PE, e a expressão da HSP90 também se mostrou semelhante entre os dois grupos. No músculo esquelético a expressão da P85 foi de 1,41 (1,20 - 6,29) para normais e 1,63 (1,32- 1,90) para PE com p = 0,91. A expressão de Akt/PKB total foi de 0,96 (0,84 - 1,31) para normais e 1,55 (0,87 - 1,86), p = 0,41. A atividade dos substratos da Akt/PKB fosforilados em serina e treonina foi semelhante nesse tecido entre normais e PE, e a expressão da HSP90 também se mostrou semelhante entre os dois grupos no músculo esquelético. No tecido adiposo a expressão de Akt/PKB total foi 1,10 (0,53 - 1,73) em normais e 1,66 (0,83 - 2,00) em PE com p = 0,37 e a expressão do IRß; 1,58 (0,56 - 3,23) para normais e 2,00 (0,91 - 6,65) para PE com p = 0,53. Conclusões: Não houve diferença na via da Akt/PKB, em estado basal, em placenta e músculo esquelético de pacientes com PE e normais. Contudo, não podemos descartar defeitos nessa via de sinalização como fisiopatologia da PE, pois ainda é necessária a análise dessa via estimulada.
Preeclampsia (PE) is important cause of fetal and maternal mortality around the world and there are evidences that insulin resistance has been implicated in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Akt/PKB via is stimulated by insulin and perform several vital functions as growth, survival and cellular metabolism. Objective: to investigate the basal expression of Akt/PKB, proteins that regulate Akt/PKB activity and Akt/PKB substrate in the placenta, skeletal muscle and adipocytes of normal and preeclampsia parturient. Method: samples were collected from 17 normal patients and 17 PE patients, prepared and analyzed by Western blot to quantify the proteins expression involved in signaling cascade of Akt/PKB. Results: the basal expression of P85 in normal placentas was 1.12 (0.83 – 1.62 median and percentiles 25 - 75), and for PE 1.29 (0.89 – 1.96) with p = 0.42; total Akt/PKB expression for normal was 1.85 (1.07 – 3.12) and 1.53 (1.27-3.08) with p = 1.00. The Akt/PKB phospho(ser/thr) substrates activity was not different in placentas of the normal and PE groups and the HSP90 also showed no difference between the groups. In the skeletal muscle the expression of P85 of normal placentas was 1.41 (1.20 – 6.29) and for PE 1.63 (1.32- 1.90) with p = 0.91. Total Akt/PKB expression for normal was 0.96 (0.84 – 1.31) and 1.55 (0.87 – 1.86), p = 0.41. The Akt/PKB phospho(ser/thr) substrates activity was not different in skeletal muscle of the normal and PE groups and the HSP90 also showed no difference between the groups. Total Akt/PKB expression in the adipose tissue of normal placentas was 1.10 (0.53 – 1.73) and for PE 1.66 (0.83 – 2.00) with p = 0.37 and the expression of IRß of normal placentas was 1.58 (0.56 – 3.23) and for PE 2.00 (0.91 – 6.65) with p = 0.53. Conclusions: there was no difference in Akt/PKB via, in basal state, in placentas and skeletal muscle of normal and PE patients. However, we cannot discard defects in this signaling via as pathophysiology of PE, because it is still necessary to analyze this via during stimulation.
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14

Simms, Liam Dominic. "Intraspecific variation in the metabolism of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and northern pike Esox lucius." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4523/.

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Basal metabolic rate (BMR), the sum of maintenance energy costs, represents a major component of the energy budgets of ectothermic vertebrates and varies between individuals within a species. Individual ectotherms are generally assumed to have a constant BMR at any given temperature. A strategy of flexibility in BMR might have evolved to cope with differing environmental conditions. Within-individual variation in BMR was examined in two fishes, juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and juvenile northern pike Esox lucius, whilst the effects of exercise and ration on BMR, maximum metabolic rate (MMR), enzyme levels and body composition were studied in detail for pike. In the first part of the study, measurements of BMR were made for first-summer Atlantic salmon parr at rest by respirometry. In 1996, initial measurements of BMR were made for 25 fish held in a stock tank. Fish were then allocated in small groups to channels to represent a change in environment and BMR re-measured after a period of several weeks. The procedure was repeated for 30 fish in the summer of 1997, when fish were given a reduced food ration. Variation in BMR in each experiment was analysed for individual fish, and for all fish using a linear mixed model. There were statistically significant differences in BMR values between the two times, the within-individual, between-time variation representing approximately ± 21% of BMR in 1996 and ± 28% of BMR in 1997. Reduced-rafion fish (1997) displayed a significant decrease in the mean elevation of the allometric scaling relationship between body mass and BMR between time periods. To further explore possible mechanisms for flexibility in BMR and relationships with MMR, juvenile pike were used. Initial measurements of BMR and MMR (following exhaustive exercise) were made and factorial metabolic scope calculated (MMR/BMR). Fish were then split into a high ration no-exercise group (n = 10), low ration no-exercise group (n = 10) and sustained exercise group (n = 13). Initial measurements were termed time 1, with subsequent measurements made after approximately 3 weeks (time 2) and 11 weeks (time 3). Exercised fish had a significantly larger MMR and scope following 3 weeks of sustained swimming. For all fish there were significant correlations between BMR and MMR at times 1 and 3 but not at time 2.After the oxygen measurements made at time 3 all fish were humanely killed. Maximal enzyme assays were performed on six tissues for each remaining fish (n = 30). Levels of each of two enzymes (citrate synthase, CS, and lactate dehydrogenase, LDH, measured in the direction of lactate oxidation) were found to be similar between treatment groups for respective tissues. Total CS activity levels and LDH levels were highest in the heart and red muscle. In general there was little difference in the relative organ masses of fish exposed to different treatments. It is concluded that in these two fish species with very different life styles, between- and within- individual variation in BMR (salmon & pike) and MMR (pike only) is apparent and that differences in ration and exercise influence individual physiology.
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15

Kostek, Matthew Christopher. "Effects of low level resistance training on basal metabolism in currently active older men." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1129633.

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The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) currently recommends 1 set of 8 - 12 repetitions as the minimal dose of resistance training (RT) required to achieve the health and fitness benefits gained from RT. Yet, certain benefits derived from resistance training are not mentioned by the ACSM. An increase in basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a possible health benefit derived from RT. However, no previous studies have examined the effect of the ACSM's current resistance training recommendations on BMR. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if this low level of RT could increase BMR in currently active older men. Sixteen subjects were assigned to either a training group or control group for 10 weeks of training. The training group continued their current aerobic activity while adding 1 set of RT 2x/week as recommended by the ACSM. The control group continued their aerobic activity with no modifications. Measurements of strength, fat free mass (FFM), and BMR were made pre- and posttraining. The training group showed an increase in strength (P<0.05) while the control group did not change. The training and control groups showed no change in FFM or BMR (P<0.05). The strength increases reported in the current study were of expected values while FFM and BMR have not been previously examined with this protocol. It was concluded that 10 weeks of RT using 1 set of 8 - 12 repetitions does not increase BMR in currently active older men.
School of Physical Education
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16

Zhang, Xu. "Basal lamina genes affected in leiomyomatosis and congenital muscular dystrophy : structure and mutation analyses of the collagen COL4A6 and laminin LAMA2 genes." Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/91-628-2780-4.

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17

Liu, Yi. "Inhibitors of Basal Glucose Transport and Their Anticancer Activities and Mechanism." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1336573884.

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18

Casal, Véronique. "Traitement diététique de l'obésité : résultats d'une prescription fondée sur les données de la calorimétrie indirecte et recherche de facteurs pronostiques." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11004.

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19

Becker, Camila Beltrame. "Determinação do gasto energético basal medido por calorimetria indireta em pacientes com carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/70381.

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Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar o Gasto Energético Basal (GEB) através da Calorimetria Indireta (CI) em pacientes com carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago (CEE). Métodos: Estudo transversal com 30 pacientes internados com diagnóstico de CEE submetidos à CI antes de iniciar a terapia oncológica. A avaliação nutricional foi realizada a partir de parâmetros antropométricos (Índice de Massa Corporal, Circunferência do Braço, Dobra Cutânea Triciptal, Circunferência Muscular do Braço e Percentual de Perda de Peso), parâmetros bioquímicos (albumina, transferrina e Proteína C Reativa) e bioimpedância tetrapolar. Além disso, foram determinados a capacidade pulmonar e o estadiamento clínico. A CI foi realizada depois de uma noite de jejum. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados: A média do GEB pela CI foi de 1.421,8 ± 348,2 kcal e pela Equação de Harris e Benedict (EHB) de 1.310,6 ± 215,1 kcal. A EHB subestimou o GEB comparado com a CI (p= 0,014). Foi encontrada diferença significativa no GEB entre os pacientes desnutridos (1.181,7 ± 278,1 kcal) e bem nutridos (1.509,1 ± 334,1 kcal) pelo IMC (p=0,020). Pelo %PP não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre o GEB dos pacientes com PP significativa e não significativa (p=0,526). Entre os pacientes que apresentavam o percentual de massa magra abaixo do esperado, foi encontrada GEB de 1.408,9 ± 364,3 kcal, enquanto que os que tinham o percentual de massa magra adequado o GEB foi de 1.538,4 ± 97,5 kcal (p=0,550). Não houve associação entre o GEB pela CI e o estadiamento (p=0,255) e o Índice de Tiffeneau (p=0,946). Na associação entre os exames laboratoriais e o GEB pela CI, não foram encontradas associações significativas entre os que tinham alteração e os que não a tinham (p= 0,364, 0,309 e 0,780, respectivamente). Conclusões: O GEB de pacientes com CEE foi subestimado pela EHB sem fator injúria e superestimado pela EHB com fator injúria de 1,3 quando comparado ao GEB medido pela CI.
Expenditure (BEE) of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus by indirect calorimetry (IC). Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 30 patients admitted with a diagnosis of SCC who underwent IC before starting cancer therapy. Nutritional assessment was conducted using anthropometric parameters (body mass index, arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, arm muscle circumference and percentage weight loss), biochemical parameters (albumin, transferrin and Creactive protein) and tetrapolar bioimpedance analysis. Additionally, lung capacity and clinical staging were determined. IC was carried out after overnight fasting. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The mean of the BEE for IC and Harris-Benedict equation were 1421.8 ± 348.2 kcal/day and 1310.6 ± 215.1 kcal/day, respectively. The HBE underestimated the BEE when compared with IC (p=0.014). A significant difference was found in the BEE between malnourished (1181.7 ± 278.1 kcal/day) and well-nourished (1509.1 ± 334.1 kcal/day) patients by BMI (p=0.020). In terms of percentage weight loss, no significant difference was found in BEE between patients with significant or non-significant weight loss (p=0.526). BEE for patients presenting with a lower than expected lean body mass was 1408.9 ± 364.3 kcal/day, whereas for those with an adequate lean body mass it was 1538.4 ± 97.5 kcal/day (p=0.550). No association was found between BEE measured by IC and clinical staging (p=0.255) or the Tiffeneau Index (p=0.946). Additionally, when comparing laboratory examinations with BEE measured by IC, no significant association was found between those with and those without alterations (p=0.364, 0.309 and 0.780 respectively). Conclusion: When compared to BEE measured by IC of patients with SCC, it was found that the HBE without injury factor underestimated, whereas the HBE with an injury factor of 1.3 overestimated BEE.
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20

Blackmer, Alexis Larissa. "Reproductive success of a long-lived seabird : influences of behavioral coordination, basal metabolism, and investigator disturbance /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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21

Löf, Marie. "Studies on energy metabolism and body composition of healthy women before, during and after pregnancy /." Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2004/med853s.pdf.

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22

Almeida, Alessandra Escorcio Rodrigues. "Padronização do gasto metabólico de repouso e proposta de nova equação para uma coorte feminina brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-01022011-140229/.

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A obesidade tem aumentado de maneira epidêmica em todo mundo. Independente da sua causa básica, um desequilíbrio no balanço energético está sempre envolvido. Sendo assim, o cálculo adequado das necessidades energéticas do paciente é de grande importância. Diversos estudos evidenciam que as fórmulas comuns para estimativa do gasto metabólico de repouso (GMR), principal componente do gasto energético total, tendem a superestimar seus valores o que prejudica o tratamento clínico da obesidade. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o GMR de uma coorte feminina adulta brasileira, através dos resultados dos exames de calorimetria indireta (CI). Para tanto foram utilizados 760 exames de CI de mulheres com idade entre 18 e 65 anos. Os resultados foram tabulados, a população foi dividida em quintis de peso e então foram realizadas as análises estatísticas. A média do GMR variou entre 1226 calorias/dia a 1775 calorias/dia. A fórmula de Harris-Benedict (HB) superestimou o GMR em torno de 7%. Concluímos a partir da correlação entre as variáveis que o peso possui correlação positiva com o GMR e a idade uma correlação negativa. O GMR assim como o quociente respiratório (QR) pode ser usado como preditor de obesidade. Este trabalho trouxe duas novas propostas de equações para cálculo do GMR, uma para população com IMC < 35 kg/m2 e outra para população com IMC 35 kg/m2
Obesity has increased epidemically in all world. Independently on the primary cause, an imbalance in the energy balance is always involved. Thus, the precise calculation of the energy requirements of the patient is of great importance. Several studies show that commonly used equations for estimation of resting metabolic rate (RMR), the main component of total energy expenditure, tend to overestimate its value, which could impair the clinical treatment of obesity. The goal of this study is to standardize the RMR of a Brazilian adult female cohort, with results of tests of indirect calorimetry (IC). In order to do so, 760 tests of IC performed in Brazilian females patients aged between 18 and 65 years old, were used. The results were charted, the population distributed according to quintiles of weight and the statistical analyses applied. The RMR average fluctuated between 1226 and 1775 calories. Harris-Benedict equation overestimated the RMR by 7%. From the correlation between the variables, we conclude that weight has a positive correlation with RMR and age a negative correlation. RMR and respiratory quotient (QR) can be use as obesity predictors. Two new equations were proposed in our study, one for population with BMI < 35kg/m2 and another for population with BMI 35 kg/m2
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23

Briani, Denis Cristiano [UNESP]. "Energética alimentar de Gracilinanus microtarsus (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106543.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP)
O presente estudo versa sobre energética alimentar de um animal. O estudo procurou analisar, dentre outras coisas, os fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos que respondem pela variabilidade na taxa metabólica em repouso (TMR) e a relação entre esta variação e padrões de história de vida de um marsupial (Gracilinanus microtarsus). Especificamente, a variabilidade da TMR seria determinada através de um aspecto especifico da história de vida, a dieta. Aspectos como possíveis efeitos da dinâmica de variação das reservas energéticas sobre esta relação também foram analisados. Utilizando metodologia apropriada também analisamos a variação da disponibilidade e qualidade da dieta. Variações desses fatores induzem modificações na condição corpórea e, desta forma, os efeitos desta variável sobre a TMR mediariam um dos objetivos do estudo, servindo como elemento de ligação para averiguar quais componentes da condição corpórea seriam responsáveis pela variabilidade na TMR.
The present study turns about energetics to feed of an animal. The study analyzed, among other things, the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that answer for the variability in the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and the relationship between this variation and patterns of life history of a marsupial (Gracilinanus microtarsus). Specifically, the variability of RMR would be determined through an aspect specify of the life history, the diet. Aspects as possible effects of the dynamics of variation of the energy budge about this relationship were also analyzed. Using appropriate methodology also analyzed the variation of the availability and quality of the diet. Variations of those factors induce modifications in the body condition and, this way, the effects of this variable on RMR would mediate one of the objectives of the study, serving as connection element to discover which components of the body condition would be responsible for the variability in RMR.
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24

Coelho, Sandra Bragança. "Efeito do óleo de amendoim sobre o metabolismo energético, a composição corporal, o perfil lipídico e o apetite em indivíduos com excesso de peso." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2003. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/8904.

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Purdue University, PURDUE, Estados Unidos
A alimentação é fator fundamental para a prevenção e tratamento das doenças crônico-degenerativas. O efeito redutor dos lipídios plasmáticos foi documentado em estudos com sementes oleaginosas, como o amendoim, rica em ácidos graxo monoinsaturado (MUFA). Outros ainda vêm relacionando-os com a perda ou manutenção do peso, sendo que uma das hipóteses é a promoção do aumento no metabolismo basal (MB) e termogênese induzida pela dieta (TID). Outros ainda têm relacionado-o com menores taxas de fome. Neste estudo 24 voluntários (12 homens e 12 mulheres) com IMC de 28,15±3,26, idade 34,21 ± 7,47 anos, ingeriram diariamente uma carga correspondente a 30% do MB em óleo de amendoim na forma de shakes durante 8 semanas. O MB e TID foram aferidos no início e final do estudo e estes foram relacionados com o perfil lipídico. A fome, desejo alimentar, consumo prospectivo, plenitude gástrica e sede também foram aferidos por meio da escala de analogia visual nas semanas basal, 2, 4, 6 e 8. Observou-se um aumento de peso, porém este foi apenas 39,16% do ganho de peso esperado. O HDL-C foi estatisticamente maior após as 8 semanas, porém registrou-se um aumento (7,50 mg/dL) nas primeiras 4 semanas e logo em seguida uma queda (5,50 mg/dL). O MB também se apresentou significantemente maior, mesmo após correção pelo peso. A TID não mostrou diferença significante assim como a dieta e a atividade física. As taxas de fome aferidas nas semanas 2, 4, 6 e 8 foram significantemente maiores em relação a semana basal, o que pode ser um reflexo dos períodos sucessivos de jejum pelo qual passaram estes indivíduos. A taxa de plenitude gástrica se mostrou aumentada, porém continuou em valores baixos. Fazem-se necessários outros estudos enfocando não a adição, mas a substituição dos ácidos graxos saturados pelos MUFAs para confirmar ou não sua relevância na dieta.
Feeding is a fundamental factor for the prevention and treatment of chronic- degenerative diseases. A reducer effect on plasmatic lipids has been being documented in studies with nuts, like peanuts, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Others related them with weight loss or maintenance and one of the hypothesis for this is the increasement in energy expenditure(EE) and diet induced thermogenesis (DIT). Several other studies have related consumption of the peanuts with lower hunger rates. At the present study 24 subjects (12 men and 12 women) with BMI of 28.15±3.26, age 34.21 ± 7.47 years, ingested daily a corresponding load of 30% of his/her EE in peanut oil added in shakes for 8 weeks. EE and DIT were checked at the beginning and at the end of the study and these were related with lipid profile. Hunger rates, desire to eat, prospective consumption, fullness and thirst also were checked using a visual analogue scale in weeks: basal, 2, 4, 6 and 8. A weight increasement was observed, however this was just 39.16% of the expected weight gain. HDL-C was statistically higher after 8 weeks, however an increase of 7,50 mg/dL was registered in the first 4 weeks and then a fall (5.50 mg/dL). EE also was significantly higher, even after correction by weight. DIT did not introduce significant difference as well as diet composition and physical activity. The hunger rates checked in weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8 were significantly higher comparing to the basal week, that it can be a reflex of the successive fasting periods by which passed these individuals. Fullness showed increased, however it continued in low values. It is necessary other studies focusing not on addition, but on substitution of saturated fatty acids for MUFAs from peanuts, to confirm or not its relevance in the diet.
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25

Roque, Janaína Pivetta. "Avaliação nutricional de adolescentes e adultos com Osteogênese Imperfeita." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-24082009-162949/.

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RESUMO Introdução: Osteogênese imperfeita (OI) é uma enfermidade que leva à fragilidade e redução da massa óssea, não secundária a qualquer outra condição conhecida. Devido à importância do estado nutricional para a saúde óssea, há necessidade de melhor conhecimento sobre o estado nutricional, a composição corporal e a ingestão alimentar de indivíduos com OI. Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar de adolescentes e adultos com OI. Métodos: Estudo caso-controle, com adolescentes e adultos de ambos os sexos. Todos os indivíduos foram submetidos a avaliações do estado nutricional (IMC, comprimento supino e envergadura), da composição corporal e densidade mineral óssea (DMO) pelo Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry DXA, ingestão alimentar (diário alimentar de 3 dias), avaliação bioquímica [cálcio total, fósforo, creatinina, albumina, CTX, PTH e vitamina D], avaliação da atividade física, determinação da Taxa de Metabolismo Basal (TMB). Para análise dos resultados foram utilizados One Way ANOVA, teste T-Student e testes de correlação de Pearson e considerados os valores de p<0,05. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 26 indivíduos com OI (50% OI tipo I/ 50% OI tipo III) e 8 indivíduos saudáveis pareados por sexo e idade. O nº de fraturas foi maior nos indivíduos com OI tipo III, em média 60 fraturas comparado a 19 no OI tipo I. A DMO em coluna lombar L1-L4 foi significativamente maior no grupo controle comparado aos tipos de OI I e III [-0,4(0,5) vs. -2,7(1,0) e - 2,7(0,6) g/cm2, p<0,05], respectivamente. Segundo o IMC, 100% dos indivíduos do grupo controle encontram-se eutróficos, 46% dos indivíduos com OI tipo III obesos e 31% dos indivíduos OI tipo I com sobrepeso. Quanto ao percentual de gordura corporal, encontrou-se 14% de indivíduos com excesso de gordura corporal no grupo controle, 83% nos indivíduos com OI tipo III e 42% nos indivíduos com OI tipo I. No grupo caso houve correlação negativa entre número de fraturas e massa magra e correlações positivas entre número de fraturas e porcentagem de gordura corporal e IMC. Não houve diferença na ingestão de cálcio e de fósforo entre os grupos. Entretanto, a vitamina D foi significativamente menor no grupo controle. Somando-se a ingestão e a suplementação de nutrientes, 58% e 12% dos indivíduos do grupo caso não alcançaram os valores recomendados de ingestão de cálcio e vitamina D, respectivamente. Os indivíduos com OI tipo III apresentaram concentrações séricas de fósforo significativamente maiores quando comparados aos com OI tipo I [4,3 (0,8) vs. 3,3 (0,4)mg/dl, p<0,05], respectivamente. Foi observada 71%, 77% e 69% de indivíduos com insuficiência de vitamina D no grupo controle, OI tipos I e III, respectivamente. Quanto à TMB, observou-se diferença significativa na TMB em kcal/dia entre os gêneros dos indivíduos adultos com OI tipo III, sendo significativamente maior no feminino. Conclusão: Observou-se elevada porcentagem de indivíduos com OI com excesso de peso e excesso de gordura corporal, principalmente entre os indivíduos com OI tipo III. A ingestão de cálcio e vitamina D foi inferior a recomendação na maioria dos indivíduos com OI e também no grupo controle. Estes resultados apontam a necessidade de uma intervenção nutricional direcionada a estes pacientes, uma vez que o estado nutricional e alimentar adequado podem contribuir para a saúde óssea.
Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a disease that leads to fragility and reduced bone mass, not secondary to another known condition. Due to the importance of nutritional status for bone health, there is a need for better knowledge on the nutritional status, body composition and dietary intake of individuals with OI. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status and nutrient intakes of adolescents and adults with OI. Methods: A case-control study with adolescents and adults of both genders. Nutritional status (BMI, supine length and armspan), body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry - DXA, dietary intake (3 days Dietary Records), biochemical measurements (total calcium, phosphorus, albumin, creatinina, PTH, CTX and vitamin D), physical activity assessment and determination of basal metabolic rate (BMR) were evaluated. Statistical analyses comprised One Way ANOVA and Student-T test to calculated differences between groups and Pearson\'s correlation test. Significance was considered when p<0.05. Results: There were 26 subjects with OI (50% OI type I / type III OI 50%) and 8 healthy subjects matched by sex and age in the control group. The number of fractures was higher in subjects with OI type III, an average of 60 fractures compared to 19 in the OI type I. The BMD in the lumbar spine L1-L4 was significantly higher in the control group compared to the types of OI I and III [-0.4 (0.5) vs -2.7 (1.0) and -2.7 (0.6) g/cm2, p<0.05], respectively. According to BMI, 100% of subjects in the control group were considered normal weight, 46% of individuals with OI type III are obese and 31% of individuals type I OI, overweight. Regarding percentage of body fat, 14% of individuals with in the control group, 83% in OI type III and 42% in individuals with type I presented excess of body fat. In the case group, there was negative association between number of fractures and fat-free body mass and positive association between number of fractures and body fat% and BMI. There was no difference of calcium and phosphorus intakes between the groups. However, vitamin D was significantly lower in the control group. In addition considering foods and supplementation, 58% and 12% of individuals in the case group did not reach the recommended levels of calcium and vitamin D, respectively. Individuals with type III showed serum phosphorus significantly higher when compared with OI type I [4.3 (0.8) vs. 3.3 (0.4) mg/dl, p<0.05], respectively. Was observed 71%, 77% and 69% of insufficiency vitamin D in individuals of control group, OI types I and III, respectively. A significant difference between BMR in kcal/day between genders of adults with OI type III was observed being significantly higher in females. Conclusion: There was a high percentage of individuals with OI with higher body weight and body fat, mainly among OI type III. The calcium and vitamin D intakes was under recommended levels in most individuals with OI and in the control group. These results demonstrates that a nutritional intervention program is necessary for these patients, such an adequate nutritional status and dietary pattern could contribute to bone health.
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26

Katsumi, Yukinori. "Cholinergic projection from the basal forebrain and cerebral cortical glucose metabolism in rats. An animal positron emission tomography study." Kyoto University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180833.

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Yañez, García Rosa Elena. "Metabolismo energético en mujeres con diabetes mellitus pregestacional : estudio longitudinal durante el embarazo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284086.

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La gestació normal es caracteritza per canvis i adaptacions en la funció de la cèl • lula beta, la despesa energètica basal (DEB) i en la composició corporal per afavorir la major disponibilitat de glucosa per al fetus. Les gestants amb diabetis mellitus tipus 1 (DM1) poden presentar diferències en el DEB, en la utilització de nutrients i en l'antropometria materna al llarg de l'embaràs. Avaluem el paper del DEB en 3 ocasions mitjançant calorimetria indirecta al llarg de la gestació en gestants controls i amb DM1. Durant les avaluacions també es van realitzar determinacions de paràmetres bioquímics, avaluacions antropomètriques de la mare i aplicació d'enquestes dietètiques i d'activitat física. A més a més es van recollir dades de les exploracions ecogràfiques realitzades per la valoració del creixement fetal i en les primeres 48 hores després del part es va realitzar una avaluació antropomètrica neonatal per determinar la composició corporal del nadó. El grau d'adipositat matern va ser determinant del GEB amb independència de la presència de DM1 durant la gestació. Diversos factors materns com el enguany de pes, els nivells de glucosa i de triglicèrids materns es van associar al grau d'adipositat neonatal en ambdós grups d'estudi. La ingesta referida va ser infraestimada en ambdós grups de gestants. El grup DM1 va mostrar major adherència a la dieta mediterrània que la resta de la població.
La gestación normal se caracteriza por cambios y adaptaciones en la función de la célula beta, el gasto energético basal (GEB) y en la composición corporal para favorecer la mayor disponibilidad de glucosa para el feto. Las gestantes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) pueden presentar diferencias en el GEB, en la utilización de nutrientes y en la antropometría materna a lo largo del embarazo. Evaluamos el papel del GEB en 3 ocasiones mediante calorimetría indirecta a lo largo de la gestación en gestantes controles y con DM1. Durante las evaluaciones también se realizaron determinaciones de parámetros bioquímicos, evaluaciones antropométricas de la madre y aplicación de encuestas dietéticas y de actividad física. Además se recogieron datos de las exploraciones ecográficas realizadas para valoración del crecimiento fetal y en las primeras 48 horas tras el parto se realizó una evaluación antropométrica neonatal para determinar la composición corporal del recién nacido. El grado de adiposidad materno fue determinante del GEB con independencia de la presencia de DM1 durante la gestación. Diversos factores maternos como la ganancia de peso, los niveles de glucosa y de triglicéridos maternos se asociaron al grado de adiposidad neonatal en ambos grupos de estudio. La ingesta referida fue infraestimada en ambos grupos de gestantes. El grupo DM1 mostró mayor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea que el resto de la población.
Normal pregnancy is characterized by changes and adaptations in the function of the beta cell, resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition for promoting the increased availability of glucose to the fetus. Pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus may differ in the REE in nutrient utilization and maternal anthropometry during pregnancy. We evaluated the role of the REE on 3 moments by indirect calorimetry throughout gestation in control pregnant and DM1 pregnant. During evaluations we also made biochemical parameters, anthropometric assessments of mother and application of dietary and physical activity surveys. Further details ultrasound examinations were collected for evaluation of fetal growth and in the first 48 hours after birth we made neonatal anthropometric assessment to determine the body composition of the newborn. The adiposity maternal was an associate direct factor for REE independently of the presence of DM1 during gestation. Various factors such as maternal weight gain, glucose levels and triglycerides were associated with maternal level of neonatal adiposity in both study groups. The reported energy intake was underestimated in both groups of pregnant women. The DM1 group showed greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet than the rest of population.
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Silva, Diana Perin da. "Efeitos do polimorfismo -866g/a no gene ucp2 sobre respostas metabólicas agudas ao exercício aeróbio." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/85186.

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Proteínas desacopladoras (UCPs) estão presentes na membrana mitocondrial interna e por meio do transporte de prótons do espaço intermembranas para a matriz mitocondrial desacoplam a oxidação dos substratos da síntese de ATP, dissipando a energia do potencial de membrana e, conseqüentemente, diminuindo a produção de ATP pela cadeia respiratória mitocondrial. O aumento na expressão de UCP2 está relacionado com um risco diminuído de obesidade e risco aumentado de desenvolvimento de diabetes melito. O polimorfismo - 866G/A na região promotora do gene da UCP2 está associado a um aumento da expressão do RNAm desta proteína. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o envolvimento do polimorfismo -866G/A no gene UCP2 nas respostas metabólicas ao exercício e na taxa metabólica basal em jovens saudáveis. Foram recrutados 27 homens com idades entre 20 e 35 anos, sem histórico de doenças e sem uso de medicamentos, eutróficos e que não estivessem envolvidos em nenhum tipo de treinamento físico. Os indivíduos foram alocados intencionalmente em três diferentes grupos, de acordo com o genótipo para o polimorfismo em questão: A/A(n=9), A/G (n=10) e G/G (n=8). Todos os indivíduos foram submetidos a uma análise de taxa metabólica basal e após uma refeição padrão realizavam 30 minutos de corrida em esteira em intensidade equivalente a 10% abaixo do 2º limiar ventilatório. Em jejum, antes do exercício, logo após realização do exercício, uma hora após e duas horas após o exercício foram realizadas coletas de sangue para a verificação do comportamento das concentrações de glicose, insulina e perfil lipídico. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre as respostas dos três grupos. Este estudo concluiu que isoladamente o polimorfismo -866G/A não exerce influência sobre a TMB e respostas de glicose, insulina e perfil lipídico ao exercício em jovens saudáveis.
Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are present in the inner mitochondrial membrane and through the transport of protons from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix to uncouple oxidation of substrates for ATP synthesis, dissipating the energy of the membrane potential and, consequently, decreasing the production of ATP by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The increased expression of UCP2 is associated with a decreased risk of obesity and increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus. The polymorphism -866G/A in the promoter region of the UCP2 gene is associated with an increased mRNA expression of this protein. The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of the polymorphism -866G/A UCP2 gene in the metabolic responses to exercise and basal metabolic rate (BMR) in healthy young adults. We recruited 27 men aged between 20 and 35 years without history of disease and drug treatment, eutrophic and that were not involved in any type of physical training. The individuals were placed intentionally in three different groups according to genotype for the polymorphism related above: A/A (n=9), A/G (n=10) and G/G (n=8). All subjects underwent an analysis of BMR and after a standard meal performed 30 minutes of treadmill running at an intensity equivalent to 10% below the 2nd ventilatory threshold. Fasting, before exercise, immediately after exercise, after one hour and two hours after exercise, blood samples were collected to verify the behavior of glucose, insulin and lipid profile. No differences were found between the responses of the three groups. This study concluded that the polymorphism -866G/A in an isolated way does not influence BMR and responses of glucose, insulin and lipid profile over exercise in young healthy men.
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Lacerda, Katia Regina Castro de. "Comparação do gasto metabólico de repouso obtido pelo método de calorimetria indireta e por equações preditivas em pacientes de diferentes graus de estresse metabólico." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/26395.

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Resumo: Um dos principais pontos para o êxito da terapia nutricional é a precisão na avaliação do gasto metabólico. A melhora e/ou manutenção do estado nutricional dependem dessa precisão, porque tanto a hipoalimentação como a hiperalimentação podem ocasionar efeitos deletérios na condição médica e no estado nutricional. Na prática clínica, o gasto metabólico pode ser avaliado por calorimetria indireta (CI), um método não invasivo que determina o gasto metabólico de repouso (GMR), e ser estimado por equações matemáticas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o GMR obtido por meio de equações preditivas mais utilizadas na prática clínica e aquele obtido por meio da CI em pacientes de diferentes graus de estresse metabólico. Foram avaliados em estudo prospectivo e transversal 126 indivíduos, divididos em três grupos: Grupo I: Saudáveis (n=40); Grupo II: Obesos (n=25); Grupo III: 61 doentes internados subdivididos conforme a classificação de baixo estresse metabólico em Grupo IIIa (n=41) e de alto estresse Grupo IIIb (n=20). O GMR foi determinado por meio da CI e calculado pelas fórmulas de Harris-Benedict (HB), Ireton-Jones (IJ) e Necessidades calóricas propostas pela American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN). O grupo I apresentou média de GMR obtida pela CI de 1491 ± 316 Kcal, com a equação de HB de 1525 ± 211 Kcal, por ASPEN de 1740 ± 390 Kcal, e com a equação de IJ de 1899 ± 287 Kcal, e apenas o GMR obtido pela equação de HB não apresentou diferença estatística significativa (p = 0,11) quando comparado ao obtido pela CI. O grupo II apresentou média de GMR obtida pela CI de 1660 ± 253 Kcal, pela equação de HB de 1714 ± 261 Kcal, por ASPEN de 1291 ± 151 Kcal e pela equação de IJ de 2096 ± 635 Kcal. Neste grupo, apenas a média obtida pela equação de HB não apresentou diferença estatística significante (p = 0,066) quando comparada à obtida pela CI. O grupo IIIa apresentou média de GMR obtida pela CI de 1422 ± 297 Kcal, pela equação de HB de 1365 ± 238 Kcal, segundo ASPEN de 1727 ± 454 Kcal, pela equação de IJ de 1550 ± 391 Kcal e pela equação de HB acrescida do fator injúria obteve-se a média de 1684 ± 328. No grupo IIIa, os valores médios de GMR obtidos pelas equações de HB, ASPEN, IJ e HB acrescida do fator injúria foram diferentes estatisticamente significativos (p=0,044, p<0,0001, p=0,0006, p<0,0001, respectivamente) quando comparados aos valores médios da CI. O grupo IIIb apresentou média de GMR obtida pela CI de 1472 ± 283 Kcal, pela equação de HB de 1259 ± 168 Kcal, segundo ASPEN de 1479 ± 286 Kcal, pela equação de IJ de 1389 ± 275 Kcal e pela equação de HB acrescida do fator injúria obteve-se a média de 1551 ± 227. No grupo IIIb, as equações de ASPEN, IJ e HB acrescida do fator injúria não apresentaram valores médios com diferença estatística quando comparados aos valores médios obtidos pela CI (p=0,87, p=0,136, p=0,14, respectivamente). A fórmula de HB foi mais precisa nos grupos sem estresse metabólico (Grupos I e II), enquanto IJ, ASPEN e HB acrescida do fator injúria foram mais consistentes no grupo de pacientes com alto estresse metabólico.
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Mazzola, Priscila Nicolao. "Exercício físico na fenilcetonúria : avaliação de marcadores metabólicos em pacientes e camundongos PAHenu2." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/159536.

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A fenilcetonúria (PKU) é caracterizada por uma deficiente atividade da fenilalanina hidroxilase (PAH), que converte fenilalanina em tirosina. Consequentemente, pacientes fenilcetonúricos apresentam níveis aumentados de fenilalanina no sangue e em tecidos. A fenilalanina atinge níveis tóxicos no cérebro e, assim, pode levar a deficiência intelectual grave se não tratada. Hoje em dia, os pacientes fenilcetonúricos são diagnosticados através de programas de triagem neonatal e são colocados em tratamento imediatamente. O tratamento da PKU é baseado em uma dieta restrita em fenilalanina juntamente com uma mistura de aminoácidos, que visa reduzir a ingestão de fenilalanina ao mesmo tempo em que fornece todos os outros aminoácidos e nutrientes essenciais. Apesar de eficiente, o tratamento é extremamente difícil de seguir e, portanto, os pacientes ainda apresentam altos níveis de fenilalanina e seus problemas associados, tais como estresse oxidativo, distúrbios motores e cognitivos. Ainda, a dieta em si é tão restritiva que a completa adesão pode levar a problemas nutricionais como obesidade e perturbações hormonais. A fim de abordar estas questões na PKU, é necessário compreender os mecanismos pelos quais a fenilalanina perturba homeostasia, bem como propor novas estratégias de tratamento para a doença. Portanto, esta tese teve como objetivo verificar o estado metabólico basal e em exercício aeróbico em pacientes fenilcetonúricos, além de avaliar possíveis benefícios do treinamento físico em camundongos PAHenu2. Para tanto, foram avaliados composição basal, estado nutricional, taxa metabólica basal, bem como a resposta ventilatória e bioquímica a uma sessão de exercício aeróbico em pacientes fenilcetonúricos em comparação com controles pareados, por bioimpedância elétrica e calorimetria indireta, respectivamente. Foram encontrados resultados similares entre pacientes e controles para todos os marcadores antropométricos e nutricionais, mostrando, assim, que os pacientes fenilcetonúricos têm a mesma composição corporal e perfil metabólico que controles. Além disso, os níveis de fenilalanina não se modificaram imediatamente após o exercício em comparação com a condição de repouso, demonstrando assim que o exercício aeróbico é seguro para pacientes fenilcetonúricos. No modelo animal de PKU, este estudo avaliou os efeitos crônicos do exercício aeróbico voluntário no cérebro de camundongos PAHenu2. Apesar de correrem menores distâncias do que os controles, os camundongos PKU apresentaram melhoras em parâmetros de estresse oxidativo no cérebro, embora os níveis de fenilalanina no sangue e no cérebro permanecessem inalterados. Os animais PKU apresentaram habilidades motoras e de equilíbrio deficientes em comparação com os controles, enquanto o exercício não afetou esses parâmetros comportamentais. Adicionalmente, os aminoácidos gliconeogênicos e os relacionados com o ciclo da ureia foram encontrados em níveis inferiores no plasma dos animais PKU que se exercitaram em comparação com os sedentários. Por outro lado, os camundongos selvagens não apresentaram nenhuma alteração causada pelo exercício. Assim, os fenilcetonúricos não apresentam distúrbios em marcadores metabólicos tanto em repouso como durante exercício aeróbico. Por conseguinte, os fenilcetonúricos devem ser encorajados a praticar exercício para, possivelmente, beneficiarem-se das adaptações positivas geradas pelo treinamento físico. No entanto, o pequeno número de pacientes avaliados em nossos estudos destaca a necessidade de mais pesquisas para descrever o exercício mais adequado para pacientes com PKU.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is characterized by poor phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) activity, which acts converting phenylalanine into tyrosine. Consequently, PKU patients show increased levels of phenylalanine in the blood and tissues. Phenylalanine reaches toxic levels in the brain and therefore can lead to severe mental retardation, if untreated. Nowadays, PKU patients are diagnosed through newborn screening programs and are put on treatment immediately. PKU treatment is based on a phenylalanine-restricted diet along with an amino acid mixture, which aims to reduce the intake of phenylalanine while providing other essential amino acids and nutrients. Despite efficient, the treatment is extremely hard to follow so that PKU patients show high levels of phenylalanine and related issues such as oxidative stress, motor and cognitive disturbances. Moreover, the diet itself is so restrictive that adhering to it may lead to nutritional problems like obesity and hormonal disruptions. In order to tackle these issues in PKU, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms in which phenylalanine disturbs homeostasis as well as propose new treatment strategies for the disease. Therefore, this thesis aimed to evaluate metabolic markers in rest and exercise in PKU patients, as well as to verify the possible benefits of exercise in the brain of PAHenu2 mice. For that, we evaluated basal body composition, nutritional status, basal metabolic rate, as well as ventilatory and biochemical response to an aerobic exercise session in PKU patients and matched-controls using electrical bioimpedance analysis and indirect calorimetry, respectively. The groups did not differ for anthropometric and nutritional markers, thus showing that PKU patients have the same body and metabolic profiles as controls. Moreover, phenylalanine levels were not modified immediately after exercise in comparison to rest condition, thus proving that aerobic exercise is safe for PKU patients. In the animal model of PKU, we evaluated the effects of voluntary training in the brain of PAHenu2 mice. Despite running less distances than the controls, the PKU mice showed improved oxidative stress parameters although phenylalanine levels in the blood and in brain remained unchanged. PKU animals showed poor motor and balance skills than controls while exercise did not affect these behavioral markers. In addition, gluconeogenic and urea cycle-related amino acids were found in lower levels in the plasma of the exercised PKU animals in comparison to the sedentary PKU group. On the other hand, wild-type mice did not show any of those changes. Taken together, we conclude that PKU patients do not show disturbed metabolism in rest and during aerobic exercise. Therefore, PKU patients have to be encouraged to exercise in order to possibly benefit from long-term exercise-related adaptations. Nevertheless, the small number of patients evaluated in our studies highlights the need of further research to describe the most suitable exercise for PKU patients.
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31

Rocha, Katiucha Karolina Honório Ribeiro [UNESP]. "Efeitos do resveratrol, polifenol da uva, sobre metabolismo basal e hepático, estresse oxidativo e perfil lipídico em ratos submetidos a dieta rica em sacarose e sua associação ao consumo de etanol." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102433.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:03:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_kkhr_dr_botib.pdf: 416683 bytes, checksum: 5ae8a3ced104d390ae18ef0569816756 (MD5)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
The aim ofthis study was to determine the effects ofresveratrol in animais supplemented with ethanol by 3 days weeks by morphometrics and nutricional parameters in rats. 30 Wistar rats were divided into S groups. Control group (C, n=6) received drinking water. The ethanol group (E, n=6) received ethanol aqueous solution during 3 days and drinking water for 4 days. ER group (n=6) received ethanol and resveratrol (6mgIL) aqueous solution during 3 days and drinking water for 4 days. ES group (n=6) received ethanol and sucrose (30%) solution in drinking water 3 days/week; and ESR group, received ethanol and sucrose solution as ES group and resveratrol (6mg/L) 3 days/week during 30 days. Ali animais received standard chow diet and solutions ad libitllm. Statistical analyses: ANOV A, with Bonferroni, post hoc test, p
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32

Rocha, Katiucha Karolina Honório Ribeiro. "Efeitos do resveratrol, polifenol da uva, sobre metabolismo basal e hepático, estresse oxidativo e perfil lipídico em ratos submetidos a dieta rica em sacarose e sua associação ao consumo de etanol /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102433.

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Orientador: Ethel Lourenzi Barbosa Novelli
Banca: Célia Regina Nogueira
Banca: Regina Coeli Vasques de Miranda Burneiko
Banca: Fernanda Mani
Banca: José Maurício Sforcin
Resumo:O objetivo deste capítulo foi determinar os efeitos do resveratrol sobre parâmetros morfométricos e nutricionais de ratos suplementados com etanol e com etanol associado à sacarose, foram utilizados 30 ratos machos Wistar divididos em 5 grupos (n=6/grupo). O grupo C, considerado controle recebendo água destilada; grupo E que recebeu água destilada durante 4 dias semanais e etanol 30% durante 3 dias semanais; grupo ER que recebeu água destilada durante 4 dias semanais e etanol 30% contendo resveratrol (6mg/L) 3 dias semanais; grupo ES que recebeu solução aquosa de sacarose 30% durante 4 dias semanais e a mistura sacarose 30% com etanol 30% durante 3 dias semanais e o grupo ESR que recebeu solução aquosa de sacarose 30% durante 4 dias semanais e a mistura sacarose e etanol como no grupo ES e resveratrol (6mg/L) durante 3 dias semanais. Os animais receberam dieta padrão ad libitul17. Período experimental: 75 dias. Estatística: ANOV A, (p<0,05). O etanol reduziu a palatabilidade e consumo líquido e promoveu elevação da energia total ingerida em relação ao C, exceto no grupo ESR A associação de etanol com sacarose reduziu o consumo de ração, preferência alimentar e elevou a eficiência alimentar em comparação com C e E, bem como energia total ingerida em relação ao E. O tratamento com resveratrol no grupo ER reduziu o consumo de etanol e a energia total ingerida em relação ao E, além de reduzir a preferência alimentar e o índice de Lee, quando comparado ao C. Já o tratamento com resveratrol em animais que receberam etanol e sacarose elevou a energia total ingerida, preferência e eficiência alimentar, além de reduzir o consumo de ração em relação aos grupos C, E e ER. O tratamento com resveratrol aumentou o consumo líquido e de etanol no grupo ESR em comparação com E, ER e ES e elevou a palatabilidade e consumo de resveratrol em relação ao grupo ER. O ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim ofthis study was to determine the effects ofresveratrol in animais supplemented with ethanol by 3 days weeks by morphometrics and nutricional parameters in rats. 30 Wistar rats were divided into S groups. Control group (C, n=6) received drinking water. The ethanol group (E, n=6) received ethanol aqueous solution during 3 days and drinking water for 4 days. ER group (n=6) received ethanol and resveratrol (6mgIL) aqueous solution during 3 days and drinking water for 4 days. ES group (n=6) received ethanol and sucrose (30%) solution in drinking water 3 days/week; and ESR group, received ethanol and sucrose solution as ES group and resveratrol (6mg/L) 3 days/week during 30 days. Ali animais received standard chow diet and solutions ad libitllm. Statistical analyses: ANOV A, with Bonferroni, post hoc test, pDoutor
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Didierlaurent, Laure. "UGT76E12, UGT73B3 et UGT73B5, trois glycosyltransférases du métabolisme secondaire d’Arabidopsis thaliana impliquées dans les réponses de défense aux microorganismes pathogènes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112278/document.

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L'induction du métabolisme secondaire fait partie du système de défense des plantes lors d’une attaque par un microorganisme pathogène. Les propriétés antimicrobiennes ou de signalisation des métabolites secondaires (MS) peuvent être régulées par un processus majeur et efficace, la glycosylation. Cette réaction est catalysée par les glycosyltransférases (UGTs) qui assurent le transfert d’une molécule de sucre sur un MS. Mon travail de thèse a porté sur l’étude de trois UGTs d’Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), UGT76E12 d’une part, et UGT73B3 et UGT73B5 d’autre part, et a montré que 1) UGT76E12 est impliquée dans la mise en place de la résistance basale à la souche virulente de la bactérie Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Pst DC3000, et participe au dialogue entre les voies de signalisation hormonale de l’acide jasmonique (JA) et de l’acide salicylique (SA). Des analyses par clustering hiérarchique ont révélé une co-expression forte entre le gène UGT76E12, et deux gènes codant une terpène synthase (TPS4) et un cytochrome P450 (CYP82G1), impliqués dans la biosynthèse d’un diterpène, le TMTT ((E,E)-4,8,12-triméthyletridéca-1,3,7,11-tetraène), suggérant un rôle pour UGT76E12 dans la régulation de la voie de biosynthèse des terpènes ; 2) UGT73B3 et UGT73B5 sont impliquées dans la mise en place de la résistance spécifique d’Arabidopsis à la souche avirulente Pst DC3000-AvrRpm1, notamment par la régulation de MS intervenant dans le maintien de l’état redox cellulaire au cours de la réaction d’hypersensibilité (HR). Ces deux gènes appartiennent à la classe des « SA-early induced-genes » et présentent un profil co-expression avec le gène TOLB-related et deux gènes codant des glutathion S-transférases (GSTU7 et GSTU24) impliqués dans la réponse au stress oxydant et la détoxication des MS. Nos résultats suggèrent un rôle pour UGT73B3 et UGT73B5 dans la glycosylation de métabolites oxydants associés à la mise en place de la HR
Plant secondary metabolism induction is part of an integrated defense system after pathogen infection. Signalling and antimicrobial properties of secondary metabolites (SM) can be regulated by an efficient process named, glycosylation. This reaction is ensured by glycosyltransferases (UGTs) which catalyze the transfer of a sugar moiety on a SM. My PhD work was divided in two parts, the first on UGT76E12 and the second part on UGT73B3 and UGT73B5, three UGTs of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) and it demonstrated that 1) UGT76E12 is involved in basal resistance establishment during plant challenge with the virulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst DC3000), and participates to the hormonal crosstalk between jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). Clustering analyses revealed a strong co-expression between UGT76E12 and two genes encoding a terpene synthase (TPS4) and a cytochrome P450 (CYP82G1), both involved in the biosynthesis of a diterpene named TMTT ((E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene), which suggests a role for UGT76E12 in terpene biosynthesis pathway regulation. 2) UGT73B5 and UGT73B3 are involved in the establishment of Arabidopsis specific resistance against the avirulent strain of Pst DC3000-AvrRpm1, especially in the regulation of MS playing a role in redox homeostasis status during the hypersensitive response (HR). These two genes are part of SA-early induced-genes and showed co-expression patterns with the TOLB-related gene and two genes encoding glutathione S-transferases (GSTU7 and GSTU24) involved in oxidative stress responses and in MS detoxification. Our results suggest a role for UGT73B3 and UGT73B5 in the glycosylation of oxidant MS associated with HR establishment
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Olson, Jennifer R. "Metabolic performance and distribution in black-capped (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina chickadees (P. carolinensis)." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1237925513.

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35

Da, veiga moreira Jorgelindo. "Modélisation de la bascule métabolique chez les cellules eucaryotes : application à la production de citrate chez la levure Yarrowia lipolytica." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX015/document.

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L’objectif de ce projet de thèse est d’étudier et caractériser les mécanismes impliqués dans la bascule respiro-fermentaire chez des cellules eucaryotes dotées d’un métabolisme mitochondrial. Les cellules eucaryotes ont des besoins différents en oxygène pour la production d’énergie et leur survie dans un environnement donnée. Elles sont qualifiées de type aérobie stricte lorsque la présence d’oxygène leur est nécessaire ou aéro-anaérobie facultatif dans le cas où l’oxygène n’est pas indispensable à la production d’énergie. La levure Yarrowia lipolytica a été choisie comme modèle d’étude de par sa particularité à être un micro-organisme aérobie strict avec une grande capacité d’accumuler de lipides et de production d’acides organiques. Les études expérimentales et analytiques, par l’emploi de méthodes mathématiques de modélisation du métabolisme, ont permis d’identifier des contraintes métaboliques impliquées dans la transition respiro-fermentaire chez cette levure au métabolisme énergétique oxydatif. La production de l’acide citrique par Y. lipolytica, déjà rapportée dans la littérature, a été choisi comme un marqueur de cette transition respiro-fermentaire. Nous avons découvert que l’inhibition de la protéine oxydase alternative (AOX), impliquée dans la respiration mitochondriale, par la molécule n-propyl gallate (nPG) permet d’améliorer le rendement de production d’acide citrique par fermentation du glucose dans une culture de Y. lipolytica. Ces résultats montrent que la nPG, déjà utilisée dans l’industrie agro-alimentaire et pharmaceutique en tant que conservateur joue sur la bascule respiro-fermentaire par inhibition de la consommation d’oxygène et stimule ainsi la production d’acide citrique. La modélisation du réseau métabolique de Y. lipolytica, décrit à l’échelle du genome, par dynamic Flux Balance Analysis (dFBA) a permis d’identifier l’accumulation des espèces oxydantes dites ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) comme un levier majeur de la bascule respiro-fermentaire et donc de la production d’acide citrique chez la levure Y. lipolytica. De plus, nos résultats préliminaires montrent que l’oxydation des lipides accumulés par Y. lipolytica pourrait être à l’origine de la génération des ROS. Cette étude doit être approfondie expérimentalement et constitue un apport important pour l’industrie agro-alimentaire et pharmaceutique.Mots clés : Bascule respiro-fermentaire, Acide citrique, lipides, Yarrowia lipolytica, n-propyl gallate, Reactive Oxygen Species, modélisation, dynamic Flux Balance Analysis
The main goal of this thesis project is to study and characterize mechanisms involved in respiratory to fermentative shift in eukaryotic cells endowed with mitochondrial metabolism. Eukaryotic cells have different oxygen requirements for energy production and survival in a given environment. They are described as strict aerobic when the presence of oxygen is necessary or optional aero-anaerobic in when oxygen is not essential for energy production. The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica was chosen as our study model thanks to its particularity since it is a strict aerobic microorganism with a high capacity to accumulate lipids and to produce organic acids. Experimental and analytical studies, using mathematical methods for modeling cell metabolism, allowed us to identify metabolic constraints involved in respiratory to fermentative transition in this yeast showing oxidative energy metabolism. Production of citric acid by Y. lipolytica, already reported in the literature, has been chosen as a marker for this in respiratory to fermentative shift. We found that the inhibition of the alternative oxidase protein (AOX) involved in mitochondrial respiration, by adding n-Propyl gallate (nPG) molecule improves the yield of citric acid production by fermentation of glucose in a Y. lipolytica culture. These results show that nPG, already used in food and pharmaceutical industry as a preservative, plays on respiratory to fermentative balance by inhibition of oxygen consumption and thus stimulates the production of citric acid. Modeling of the metabolic network of Y. lipolytica, described at genome-scale, by dynamic Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) has identified the accumulation of intracellular ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) species as major levers for respiratory to fermentative shift and therefore the production of citric acid by Y. lipolytica. Therefore, our preliminary results show that oxidation of lipids accumulated by Y. lipolytica could be involved in generation of ROS species. This study must be experimentally deepened and constitutes an important contribution for the agri-food and pharmaceutical industry.Key words: Respiratory to fermentative shift, Citric acid, lipids, Yarrowia lipolytica, n-Propyl gallate, Reactive Oxygen Species, modeling, dynamic Flux Balance Analysis
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36

Gavhed, Désirée. "Human responses to cold and wind /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7045-669-0/.

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Damiot, Anthony. "Effet d'une contremesure nutritionnelle sur l'inflexibilité métabolique induite par simulation d'impesanteur chez l'homme." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ124/document.

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Les missions spatiales et les études de simulation par alitement prolongé ont montré que l’inactivité physique induite par la microgravité affecte l’ensemble des systèmes physiologiques chez l’humain. En condition d’alitement prolongé notre laboratoire (UMR7178, IPHC, DEPE, Strasbourg) a montré que l’adaptation métabolique était proche de celle retrouvée dans le syndrome métabolique associé, dans la population générale, à de nombreuses pathologies. Une hypothèse a été émise pour décrire la cascade des événements entraînant les dérèglements métaboliques en microgravité simulée. Cette cascade d’adaptations aurait pour conséquence le développement d’un état d’inflexibilité métabolique, définie comme une incapacité à ajuster l’utilisation des nutriments comme substrats aux changements de disponibilité des nutriments et dont la compréhension reste toutefois incomplète. Lors de ce projet de thèse, nous nous sommes attachés à caractériser le syndrome d’inflexibilité métabolique chez l’Humain à travers l’investigation clinique de l’état musculaire, de l’inflammation et du stress oxydant, de la sensibilité à l’insuline et de l’oxydation des substrats énergétiques au cours d’une étude de preuve de concept et d’une étude de simulation de microgravité de 60 jours. Sur la base d’études récentes démontrant l’impact de compléments nutritionnels sur les adaptations métaboliques associées à de nombreuses maladies métaboliques chroniques, une étude de preuve de concept a permis de tester l’efficacité d’un cocktail nutritionnel composé de polyphénols, d’oméga-3, de vitamine E et de sélénium. La supplémentation a permis de réduire l’atrophie musculaire, le stress oxydant et le développement d’une inflexibilité métabolique par l’intermédiaire d’une meilleure oxydation lipidique et d’une réduction de la lipogenèse de novo suite à une période d’inactivité physique de 20 jours. Sur la base de ces premiers résultats, une étude d’alitement de 60 jours a été menée chez l’Humain pour tester les effets du cocktail nutritionnel en condition de microgravité simulée. Dans cette seconde étude, la supplémentation nutritionnelle a permis de prévenir au moins partiellement des adaptations aigües et chroniques engendrées par l’inactivité physique au cours de l’alitement. En particulier la supplémentation a augmenté les défenses sanguines anti-oxydantes, a prévenu l’augmentation de la lipidémie et la réduction de l’oxydation lipidique et a contenu le développement d’une inflexibilité métabolique aiguë et chronique en absence de challenge métabolique. Toutefois la contremesure n’a pas eu d’effet protecteur suite à un challenge métabolique sous forme de surnutrition glucidique. L’ensemble des résultats indique que le développement d’une inflexibilité métabolique apparaît comme un événement précoce, qui, décelé à temps pourrait se révéler comme un biomarqueur d’intolérance au glucose dans des stratégies de prévention des maladies chroniques du XXIème siècle. Plus encore, cette étude a permis de démontrer l’atout d’un cocktail antioxydant et anti-inflammatoire en limitant les altérations métaboliques sans avoir d'effets néfastes sur les autres systèmes, tout en étant une contremesure facile à mettre en œuvre et peu coûteuse. Quand bien même la contremesure nutritionnelle utilisée lors de cette étude ne serait pas suffisante pour maintenir l’ensemble des systèmes physiologiques intacts, d’autres études devront être menées afin de trouver la combinaison de contremesures idéale permettant de limiter les dégradations induites par la microgravité et ainsi permettre des nouvelles avancées dans l’exploration spatiale (Lune, Mars) au cours des prochaines décennies. En ce sens, un protocole adapté d’activité physique combiné à une contremesure nutritionnelle sous forme de cocktail semble être une piste prometteuse
Space missions and bedrest simulation studies have shown that physical inactivity affects all physiological systems in humans. In prolonged bed rest conditions, our laboratory (UMR7178, IPHC, DEPE, Strasbourg) showed that metabolic adaptations were close to that found in the metabolic syndrome associated with metabolic chronic diseases in the general population. Based on these results, we proposed a hypothesis to describe the cascade of events leading to metabolic alterations in simulated microgravity, leading to the development of metabolic inflexibility. Metabolic inflexibility is defined as the inability of the body to adjust fuel use to changes in fuel availability. The first objective of this Thesis was to test this hypothesis and understand the mechanisms underlying the simulated microgravity induced metabolic alterations. Specifically, we focused on characterizing the metabolic inflexibility syndrome in humans through clinical investigation of muscle condition, inflammation and oxidative stress, insulin sensitivity and oxidation of energy substrates in a proof of concept study and a 60-day microgravity simulation study in healthy male adults. Based on recent studies demonstrating the impact of nutritional supplements on metabolic adaptations associated with many chronic metabolic diseases, a proof-of-concept study tested the efficacy of a nutritional cocktail composed of polyphenols, omega-3, vitamin E and selenium. In the feasibility study, we showed that supplementation reduced muscle atrophy, oxidative stress and the development of metabolic inflexibility via an improvement in lipid oxidation and a reduction in de novo lipogenesis following a 20-day period of physical inactivity induced by daily step reduction. Based on these first results, a 60-day bed rest study was conducted in health men to test the effects of the dietary cocktail in simulated microgravity conditions. In this second human clinical research study, nutritional supplementation prevented at least partially acute and chronic adaptations caused by physical inactivity induced by bed rest. In particular, supplementation increased antioxidant blood defenses, prevented increased lipid levels, reduced lipid oxidation and mitigated the development of acute and chronic metabolic inflexibility in absence of metabolic challenge. However, the countermeasure did not have a protective effect following a metabolic challenge in the form of carbohydrate overnutrition. All the results indicate that the development of metabolic inflexibility appears to be an early event, which, if detected in time, could prove to be a useful biomarker to use to prevent chronic diseases in the 21st century. Moreover, this study demonstrated the advantage of an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory cocktail by limiting metabolic alterations without having harmful effects on other systems, while being easy to implement and cost-effective. Even if the nutritional countermeasure used in this study is not sufficient to keep all physiological systems intact, further studies will have to be carried out to find the ideal combination of countermeasures to limit microgravity-induced degradation and thus allow new advances in space exploration (Moon, Mars) over the next decades. In this line, an adapted protocol of physical activity combined with a nutritional countermeasure in the form of a cocktail could be a promising approach
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38

Tapunoi, Prapai. "The effect of exercise on basal metabolic rate a Master research project submitted in [partial] fulfillment ... for the degree of Master of Science (Medical-Surgical Nursing) ... /." 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68901187.html.

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39

White, Craig Robert. "Allometric studies in mammalian metabolism / Craig.R. White." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22081.

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"July 2004"
Bibliography: leaves 108-144.
v, 187 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Discipline of Environmental Biology, 2004
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Jenšík, Martin. "Klidový energetický výdej u pacientů s chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-321065.

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1 Abstract Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Martin Jenšík Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is step by step moving ahead in public and scientific interest due to its fast rising in mortality rate. Contemporary studies observed a phenomena that patients with COPD have increased resting energy expenditure (REE) that leads to loss of fat free mass and total weight. Our goal was to confirm or disprove this hypothesis. Our research ran in Department of research and development at University hospital Hradec Králové. In our study participated 30 patients, 26 men and 4 women, mean age 67 ± 8 let. Every patient was once examined after twelve-hour fasting. We determined REE and substrate utilization by method of indirect calorimetry. We confirmed increased REE from the average value of REE - 122 ± 14 % predicted by Harris - Benedict equation. None patient was hypometabolic, 7 were normometabolic and 23 hypermetabolic. Substrate utilization did not differ contrary to physiological values. Furthermore we discovered correlation among fat mass, fat free mass,...
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Krčmářová, Veronika. "Klidový energetický výdej u pacientů s chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí II." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-337054.

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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical sciences Student: Veronika Krčmářová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease II The aim of this study was to compare the resting energy expenditure (REE) and nutritional substrate utilization among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and control group. Previous studies have confirmed increased values of REE in COPD patients. On the basis of the increase of this parameter there was a loss of lean and muscle mass. The utilization of nutritional substrates in patients with COPD is not yet known. Our study by a total of 20 patients includes 11 patients with COPD, and 9 from the control group . The age of patients ranged from 55 to 71 years. Each patient was examined once. We determined the value of REE by indirect calorimetry and utilization of nutritional substrates. According to our results, there was an increase in REE in 82 % of patients with COPD, while only 33 % of patients from the control group was hypermetabolic. Comparing the results of REE between groups we observed REE increase by about 20 % in patients with COPD compared with the control...
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42

Hodges, Valerie Anne. "Evaluation of protocols for assessing energy needs in overweight and obese adults." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2017.

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43

Wang, Lien-Chia, and 王鏈嘉. "Metabolism and Phototoxicity of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Basal Cell Carcinoma." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81703883004925876760.

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碩士
國立成功大學
臨床藥學研究所
90
Abstract 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-based photodynamic therapy to treat cancers has been widely discussed and investigated in the last decade. The application of ALA-PDT for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers, such as superficial squamous cell carcinoma, resulted in satisfied, complete response. However, the therapeutic outcomes of ALA-PDT in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) were not as good as in other skin cancers. Despite extensive clinical experience and reports on ALA-PDT for the treatment of BCCs, none has addressed the PpIX generation kinetics and phototoxicity in cultured BCC cells. Previous study has demonstrated that saturable correlations exist between PpIX accumulation in both the epidermis and dermis in vivo and its transdermal flux in vitro, indicating PpIX accumulation is mainly limited by metabolic capacity of the skin. The objectives of the study were to investigate ALA toxicity, protoprophyrin IX (PpIX) generation kinetics, cell survival ratio after light irradiation, and the influences of iron chelator, desferrioxamine (DFO) in PpIX generation following ALA incubation in basal cell carcinoma cells (BCC/KMC-1) and human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT). The ultimate goal was to optimize ALA-PDT in BCC. Cultured BCC and HaCaT were incubated with 0.2 to 5 mM ALA for various lengths of time. After 24 hours incubation of ALA, only 50 % BCC survived, but HaCaT were not affected. In general, the PpIX content in both cells increased with incubation time at all ALA concentration except 5 mM. The ratio of PpIX content in BCC vs. HaCaT decreased with increasing concentration during 24 hours ALA incubation. The time of maximal ratio was 24, 2, 0.5, 0.5 and 0.5 h from 0.2 to 5 mM, respectively, with the greatest ratio occurring at 24 h incubation 0.2 mM ALA. The time to reach peak PpIX content post 2 h and 4 h ALA-incubations in both cells and the time of maximal ratio increased with ALA concentration. The greatest ratio appeared at 4 h post 4 h-incubation of 0.5 mM ALA. Although the time to reach peak PpIX content in BCC was slower than HaCaT, the peak PpIX content and area under the PpIX content-concentration curve were greater in BCC than HaCaT, indicating higher biosynthetic capacity of PpIX in BCC than HaCaT. When both cells were irradiated by different doses of LED light at 0-24 h post 4 h-incubation of 0.2-5 mM ALA, the results demonstrated that the relative survival ratio of BCC vs. HaCaT was the lowest at 4 h post incubation of 0.5 and 1 mM ALA with light irradiation of 60 J/cm2 at 630 nm, with HaCaT survival not influenced by 0.5 mM ALA. The results also suggested cellular PpIX content as the major determinant for cytotoxity in both cells. Finally, the addition of iron chelator, desferrioxamine (DFO), resulted in enhanced PpIX accumulation and delayed clearance, suggesting the presence of ferrochelatase in both cells. The cellular PpIX content has reached plateau in HaCaT at a lower DFO concentration than BCC. However, the ratio of PpIX content in BCC vs. HaCaT was decreased with DFO in comparison with ALA only, indicating lower selectivity of ALA-PDT in BCC vs. HaCaT.
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44

Hodges, Valerie Anne Gillham Martha B. "Evaluation of protocols for assessing energy needs in overweight and obese adults." 2004. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/2017/hodgesva042.pdf.

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45

Kasraie, Sima. "Effects of sonic hedgehog inhibition on behavior and metabolism of basal cell carcinoma cells and fibroblasts." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/42164.

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Cancers of the human skin are divided into melanoma and non-melanoma. Being among the most commonly diagnosed cancer cases globally, non-melanoma skin cancers are comprised of basal and squamous cell carcinomas. In dermato-pathology, basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are a frequently encountered diagnosis of skin cancer, and most cases are treated with surgical excisions. While sporadic BCC tumors appear primarily due to aging and ultra-violet exposure, the development of numerous BCCs from a young age is one of the main clinical signs in Gorlin syndrome patients. The critical driver of BCC tumor formation is the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway, a pivotal developmental signaling pathway that regulates organ development, cell proliferation, and tissue repair. The majority of all sporadic and syndromic BCCs exhibit mutations in two key components in this pathway, the tumor suppressor gene patched 1 (PTCH1) or the proto-oncogene smoothened (SMO), which result in aberrant pathway activation and continued transcription of SHH-dependent genes. In the last decade, SHH inhibitors have emerged as a novel treatment for advanced and metastatic BCCs. Systemic treatment with vismodegib, a potent SMO inhibitor, can effectively reduce BCC tumor burden in adult Gorlin syndrome patients. However, it is associated with chemotherapy-related adverse events, and treatment cessation results in cancer recurrence and formation of a subset of drug resistant BCCs. While aberrant SHH signaling is key, mechanisms that underlie epithelial–stromal crosstalk and reprograming of tumor metabolism can potentially converge with this pathway and promote BCC tumor development. In this study, we investigated the effects vismodegib on the morphology, behavior, and energy metabolism of human BCC cells and human dermal fibroblasts, in individual cultures as well as in co-cultures, that enabled the crosstalk between these two cell types. Computer-assisted bright-field microscopy was used to characterize cell morphology and behavior. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and metabolomics were used to determine the metabolic activity of these cells. We found that continuous crosstalk between the cells and different concentrations of vismodegib led to distinct changes in cell morphology and growth, as well as consumption of glucose, pyruvate, and glutamine and secretion of acetate, lactate, and glutamate by these cells. Deciphering tumor driver mechanisms that converge with SHH pathway and contribute to changes within the tumor microenvironment are important not only for better understanding of BCC pathobiology, but also for the development of new mechanism-based BCC therapies with improved clinical outcomes.
2023-02-22T00:00:00Z
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46

Thomas, Adrienne S. "Influence of changes in body composition on resting energy expenditure during weight loss : a preliminary analysis." 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1612294.

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The purpose of this thesis was to monitor body composition and energy expenditure changes during weight loss in subjects encouraged to maintain a diet equal to 90% of resting energy expenditure (REE). Over six months, 69 female subjects had REE measured at baseline and weeks 13 and 25 with fortnightly body composition measurements. Subjects lost significant total body mass (17.2 lb) and fat mass (16.7 lb) (p≤.000). Fat-free mass remained stable during the six month period. REE was significantly higher at baseline (1701.1 kcal) than weeks 13 (1576.3 kcal) and 25 (1579.4) (p≤.000); REE at weeks 13 and 25 were similar (p≥.05). Predicted REE at weeks 13 (1671.3 ± 254.7 kcal) and 25 (1658.5 ± 252.4 kcal), compared to measured REE, was significantly lower, 1576.3 kcal and 1579.4 kcal, respectively (p≤.000). Results of this study illustrate that individuals can lose significant amounts of total body mass while preserving fat-free mass and that during active weight loss, there is a metabolic adaptation to reduced caloric intake.
Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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47

Withers, Katherine. "The effect of a herbal formulation on human resting metabolic rate and body composition in overweight and obese individuals." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7861.

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M.Tech. (Homoeopathy)
It is estimated that more than 29% of South African men and 56% of women are overweight or obese (Goedecke et al., 2005). Obesity can be classified as a chronic disease, with a number of detrimental health consequences, including the risk of developing insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension (Beers et al., 2006). Conventional treatments for weight loss exist, but their use may be associated with unwanted side effects (Beers et al., 1999). While herbal medications are considered safer by many people, in general, studies of herbal medicinal products have been too few, of limited duration and small sample size (Mattsson and Nilsson, 2002). This indicates that further research into herbal weight loss treatments, with minimal or no side-effects, is required. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of a herbal formulation consisting of caffeine, Camellia sinensis, Coffea canephora bean, Coleus forskholii, Evodiamine, Ilex paraguariensis and Phaseolus vulgaris on human resting metabolic rate and body composition in overweight and obese individuals. The study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study and formed part of a larger study where the research sample was shared by two additional researchers. A sample group of sixty healthy male and female participants between the ages of 18 and 45 years, with a body mass index of more than 25kg/m² and less than 35 kg/m², was recruited from the University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus Homoeopathic Health Clinic. Participants were randomly allocated into either an experimental or placebo group, in matched pairs according to gender and BMI. Both groups underwent an assessment of body composition and resting metabolic rate at the initial consultation, as well as at the two week, six week, and final twelve week follow-up consultations. Participant checklists recorded data documenting changes in general lifestyle factors for the duration of the study (Appendix E). The experimental group took two capsules of the herbal formulation daily and the control group took two capsules of the placebo, five days a week with a two day rest, for a period of twelve weeks. Data was collected and statistically analyzed using the Shapiro Wilk test, the Mann-Whitney test, the Friedman test, and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test (Smith, 2011).
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48

Chan, Chin-Wei, and 詹謹瑋. "The Effects of Women Professional and Division I College Tennis Players with Basal Endurance on Metabolism and Circulation." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30700363609260385194.

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碩士
國立體育大學
運動技術研究所
98
The Effects of Women Professional and Division I College Tennis Players with Basal Endurance on Metabolism and Circulation Abstract The purpose of this study was to research the effects of basal endurance on recovery capacity for women professional and division I college tennis players after a match. Four women tennis players (2 professional and 2 college-level) from the National Taiwan sport University participated in the study. Methods of this study were divided into basal endurance (Mader et al. 1976) and match tests. The results were as follows: First, there is negative correlation between Lamax and AT’s speed in incremental test(r = -0.9). Second, there is positive correlation between blood glucose and AT’s speed in one match(r = 0.9). Third, as for endurance and anaerobic capacity, college-level women tennis players are better than professional players. Key words: women professional tennis player, lactate, blood glucose, basal endurance, metabolism, circulation
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49

Weightman, Potter P. G., Walker J. M. Vlachaki, J. L. Robb, J. K. Chilton, Ritchie Williamson, A. D. Randall, K. L. J. Ellacott, and C. Beall. "Basal fatty acid oxidation increases after recurrent low glucose in human primary astrocytes." 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16628.

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Yes
Aims/hypothesis Hypoglycaemia is a major barrier to good glucose control in type 1 diabetes. Frequent hypoglycaemic episodes impair awareness of subsequent hypoglycaemic bouts. Neural changes underpinning awareness of hypoglycaemia are poorly defined and molecular mechanisms by which glial cells contribute to hypoglycaemia sensing and glucose counterregulation require further investigation. The aim of the current study was to examine whether, and by what mechanism, human primary astrocyte (HPA) function was altered by acute and recurrent low glucose (RLG). Methods To test whether glia, specifically astrocytes, could detect changes in glucose, we utilised HPA and U373 astrocytoma cells and exposed them to RLG in vitro. This allowed measurement, with high specificity and sensitivity, of RLG-associated changes in cellular metabolism. We examined changes in protein phosphorylation/expression using western blotting. Metabolic function was assessed using a Seahorse extracellular flux analyser. Immunofluorescent imaging was used to examine cell morphology and enzymatic assays were used to measure lactate release, glycogen content, intracellular ATP and nucleotide ratios. Results AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was activated over a pathophysiologically relevant glucose concentration range. RLG produced an increased dependency on fatty acid oxidation for basal mitochondrial metabolism and exhibited hallmarks of mitochondrial stress, including increased proton leak and reduced coupling efficiency. Relative to glucose availability, lactate release increased during low glucose but this was not modified by RLG. Basal glucose uptake was not modified by RLG and glycogen levels were similar in control and RLG-treated cells. Mitochondrial adaptations to RLG were partially recovered by maintaining euglycaemic levels of glucose following RLG exposure. Conclusions/interpretation Taken together, these data indicate that HPA mitochondria are altered following RLG, with a metabolic switch towards increased fatty acid oxidation, suggesting glial adaptations to RLG involve altered mitochondrial metabolism that could contribute to defective glucose counterregulation to hypoglycaemia in diabetes.
Diabetes UK (RD Lawrence Fellowship to CB; 13/0004647); the Medical Research Council (MR/N012763/1) to KLJE, ADR and CB; and a Mary Kinross Charitable Trust PhD studentship to CB, ADR and RW to support PGWP. Additional support for this work came from awards from the British Society for Neuroendocrinology (to CB and KLJE), the Society for Endocrinology (CB), Tenovus Scotland (CB) and the University of Exeter Medical School (CB and KLJE). AR was also supported by a Royal Society Industry Fellowship.
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50

Czajkowska, Magdalena. "Polimorfizm genów szlaku przemian kwasów tłuszczowych a profil lipidowy błon komórkowych i tempo metabolizmu podstawowego u myszy laboratoryjnej." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11320/3133.

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Liczba stron - 199, Liczba tabel - 18, Liczba rycin - 6, Liczba wykresów - 22, Suplement - 23, Bibliografia – 232 pozycji
Tempo metabolizmu podstawowego (BMR) jest cechą ilościową, tj. warunkowaną przez wiele genów oraz zmienną zarówno na poziomie między-, jak i wewnątrzgatunkowym. W 1999 roku Hulbert i Else zaproponowali swoją teorię metronomu błonowego, zgodnie z którą BMR zależy od składu lipidowego błon komórkowych. Mimo iż teoria ta potwierdza się na poziomie międzygatunkowym to w obrębie gatunków zwierząt stałocieplnych jej przewidywania mogą być niespełnione ze względu na mniejszy zakres obserwowanej zmienności, jak i negatywne skutki zwiększonej peroksydacji błon biologicznych. Głównym celem niniejszych badań było ustalenie, czy obserwowane na poziomie wewnątrzgatunkowym różnice w profilu lipidowym błon komórkowych i BMR są spowodowane wpływem polimorfizmu w genach, kodujących enzymy szlaku przemian kwasów tłuszczowych (Fads1, Fads2, Scd1, Elovl1-3,5,6 i Srebf1) oraz sprawdzenie, czy różnice te zmniejszają podatność membran na peroksydację, przy jednoczesnym zachowaniu dużej płynności błon komórkowych, niezbędnej do utrzymania wysokiego BMR. Zsekwencjonowałam wszystkie 9 genów wśród 120 myszy selekcjonowanych na niskie i wysokie BMR. W genach Fads2 oraz Scd1 wykryłam polimorfizmy, które miały wpływ na BMR oraz aktywność kodowanych enzymów, ale nie zmieniały indeksów nienasycenia, oraz peroksydacji kwasów tłuszczowych. Przeprowadzony w niniejszych badaniach test teorii metronomu błonowego nie zdołał jej potwierdzić na poziomie wewnątrzgatunkowym, ale podkreśla rolę desaturacji w szlaku metabolicznych przemian kwasów tłuszczowych i jej wpływ na BMR.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a quantitative trait, i.e. affected by many genes and variable at the inter-, as well as at the intraspecific level. In 1999 Hulbert and Else proposed their “membrane pacemaker theory of metabolism”, according to which BMR is dependent on the lipids content in biological bilayers. Although the theory has been confirmed at the interspecific level, their predictions within a single endothermic species could not be fulfil because of the much narrower range of the observed variation of BMR, as well as the negative results of the increasing of the biological membranes peroxidation. The main goal of present study was to establish whether differences observed at the intraspecific level in the lipid profile of cell membranes and BMR are caused by polymorphism(s) in genes encoding enzymes of the fatty acids metabolic pathway (Fads1, Fads2, Scd1, Elovl1-3,5,6 and Srebf1) and confirmation if these differences decrease the biological bilayers susceptibility to peroxidation with keeping the great cell membranes fluidity, which is necessary in maintaining high level of BMR. I sequenced all 9 genes among 120 mice selected to high and low BMR. I identified polymorphisms in the Scd1 and Fads2 genes witch affected BMR and activity of encoding enzymes, but they did not change the unsaturation and peroxidation indexes. The data presented here did not confirm the membrane pacemaker theory of metabolism, but it supported the role of desaturation in fatty acids metabolic pathway and their impact on BMR.
Wydział Biologiczno-Chemiczny, Instytut Biologii
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