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Kulakovskis, Darius, and Dalius Navakauskas. "Automated Metabolic P System Placement in FPGA." Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 10, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ecce-2016-0001.
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Abstract An original Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) code generation tool that can be used to automate Metabolic P (MP) system implementation in hardware such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) is described. Unlike P systems, MP systems use a single membrane in their computations. Nevertheless, there are many biological processes that have been successfully modeled by MP systems in software. This is the first attempt to analyze MP system hardware implementations. Two different MP systems are investigated with the purpose of verifying the developed software: the model of glucose–insulin interactions in the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT), and the Non-Photochemical Quenching process. The implemented systems’ calculation accuracy and hardware resource usage are examined. It is found that code generation tool works adequately; however, a final decision has to be done by the developer because sometimes several implementation architecture alternatives have to be considered. As an archetypical example serves the IVGTT MP systems’ 21–23 bits FPGA implementation manifesting this in the Digital Signal Processor (DSP), slice, and 4-input LUT usage.
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Kulakovskis, Darius. "APPLICATION PROSPECTS OF METABOLIC P SYSTEM / METABOLINĖS P SISTEMOS TAIKYMO GALIMYBĖS." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 7, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2015.784.
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Metabolic P (MP) systems are a class of P systems and are based on metabolic process which is used by living organisms. We review for the purpose of experimental research the MP system development, implementation and modeling. To implement MP systems in dedicated hardware, some specifications need to be determined. We look into the possibility of modeling MP systems in fixed point arithmetic capable hardware and determine the minimal needed bit count for selected MP system model. A way to improve the accuracy of fixed point calculations is proposed, which includes the modification of MP grammar. This modification is done using a simple rule to multiply and divide constants in MP grammar equations. The resulting calculations have more than 250 times smaller error when compared to original calculations. When investigating the performance of MP calculations, it is determined that the time needed for all calculations to finish depends linearly on the number of modeled systems. Metabolinė P sistema yra P sistemos klasė, pagrįsta metabolinio proceso, būdingo gyviesiems organizmams, taikymu. Siekiant pasirengti įgyvendinti MP sistemas aparatine įranga, pateikiama MP sistemų kūrimo, įgyvendinimo ir modeliavimo literatūros analitinė apžvalga. Įvertinama galimybė modeliuoti MP sistemas taikant fiksuotojo kablelio aritmetiką. Imitaciniais eksperimentais nustatytas minimalus pasirinktam MP sistemos modeliui taikyti reikiamas žodžių ilgis. Pasiūlytas būdas fiksuotosios aritmetikos skaičiavimo tikslumui padidinti. Šio būdo esmė yra MP gramatikos modifikavimas pagal konstantų daugybos ir dalybos taisyklę. Skaičiavimus atliekant modifikuota sistema, paklaida esti daugiau nei 250 kartų mažesnė. Tiriant MP sistemų našumą nustatyta, kad skaičiavimo trukmė tiesiškai priklauso nuo modeliuojamų sistemų skaičiaus.
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Manca, Vincenzo, Roberto Pagliarini, and Simone Zorzan. "A photosynthetic process modelled by a metabolic P system." Natural Computing 8, no. 4 (October 17, 2008): 847–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11047-008-9104-x.
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Pagliarini, Roberto, Giuditta Franco, and Vincenzo Manca. "An Algorithm for Initial Fluxes of Metabolic P Systems." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2009.3.2434.
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A central issue in systems biology is the study of efficient methods inferring fluxes of biological reactions by starting from experimental data. Among the different techniques proposed in the last years, the theory of Metabolic P systems, which is based on the Log-Gain principle, proved to be helpful for deducing biologi- cal fluxes from temporal series of observed dynamics. According to this approach, the algebraic systems provided by the Log-Gain principle determine the reaction fluxes underlying a system dynamics when initial fluxes are known. Here we propose a heuristic algorithm for estimating the initial fluxes, that is tested in two case studies.
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Melanson, Edward L., Patty S. Freedson, Devra Hendelman, and Edward Debold. "Reliability and Validity of a Portable Metabolic Measurement System." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 21, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h96-010.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of a portable metabolic system (TEEM 100) during submaximal and maximal [Formula: see text] exercise using a computer-based metabolic system as the reference system (REF). Between repeated trials of submaximal exercise at three constant loads, differences in ventilation [Formula: see text] and oxygen consumption [Formula: see text] were 0.2 ± 4.9 L∙min−1 and 0.03 ± 0.10 L∙min−1 for REF, and 1.9 ± 0.7 L∙min−1 and 0.00 ± 0.17 L∙min−1 for TEEM 100. Pooled intraclass reliability coefficients for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] calculated from the repeated submaximal trials were r =.89 and r =.94 for REF, and r =.86 and r =.94 for the TEEM 100. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) measured by the TEEM 100 was significantly higher (p =.01) at only the lowest workload. At [Formula: see text], the TEEM 100 recorded significantly higher values for FeO2 (p =.01) and RER (p <.001). These results suggest that the TEEM 100 provides reliable and valid measurements of [Formula: see text] during submaximal and maximal exercise. Key words: oxygen consumption, indirect calorimetry, portable analysis, exercise, metabolism
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Ainegren, Mats, Kurt Jensen, and Hans Rosdahl. "Breathing resistance in automated metabolic systems is high in comparison with the Douglas Bag method and previous recommendations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 232, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337117715946.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the resistance to breathing in metabolic systems used for the distribution and measurement of pulmonary gas exchange. A mechanical lung simulator was used to standardize selected air flow rates ([Formula: see text], L/s). The delta pressure (Δ p, Pa) between the ambient air and the air inside the equipment was measured in the breathing valve’s mouthpiece adapter for four metabolic systems and four types of breathing valves. Resistance for the inspiratory and expiratory sides was calculated as RES = (Δ p/[Formula: see text]) Pa/L/s. The results for resistance showed significant ( p < 0.05) between-group variance among the tested metabolic systems, breathing valves, and between most of the completed [Formula: see text]. The lowest resistance among the metabolic systems was found for a Douglas Bag system which had approximately half of the resistance compared to the automated metabolic systems. The automated systems were found to have higher resistance even at low [Formula: see text] in comparison with previous findings and recommendations. For the hardware components, the highest resistance was found for the breathing valves, while the lowest resistance was found for the hoses. The results showed that resistance in metabolic systems can be minimized through conscious choices of system design and hardware components.
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MANCA, VINCENZO, and LUCA MARCHETTI. "LOG-GAIN STOICHIOMETRIC STEPWISE REGRESSION FOR MP SYSTEMS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 22, no. 01 (January 2011): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054111007861.
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MP systems are a class of P systems introduced for modeling metabolic processes. Here a regression method is presented for deducing a MP system exhibiting the dynamics of an observed metabolic system. In the procedure here described the knowledge of the stoichiometry of the system is combined with the log-gain principle of MP systems and is integrated with the Least Square Estimation method and with the stepwise regression approximation.
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Singh, Arushi, Poonam Mani, Shashi Prateek, Lalita Yadav, and Eshna Gupta. "Impact of levonorgestrel intrauterine system on metabolic parameters." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20190433.
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Background: Hormonal contraceptive is suggested to affect parameters like body mass index, body weight, blood pressure (BP), blood sugar, lipid protein, and liver function test (LFT) but effect of LNG-IUS on those parameters is still uncertain. The aim of the present study was to study the effects of LNG-IUS on the metabolic parameters.Methods: Sixty women who opted for LNG-IUS for various indications were included in the study. Lipid profile, liver function tests (LFT), glucose levels [fasting and post prandial (PP)], and hemoglobin (Hb) were tested. Bimanual genital examination and transvaginal-ultrasonography was done prior to LNG-IUS insertion. Any problems observed were recorded. The subjects were re-evaluated after 6 and 9 months on their subsequent visits. Data were analyzed using paired “t” test. P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Mean age of the patients was 35.5±6.79 years. Maximum number 50 (83.3%) had abnormal uterine bleeding (ovulatory dysfunction, endometrial, iatrogenic, not yet classified) [AUB (OEIN)]. Mean pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) score of patients was 164.7±56.72 and mean Hb level 11.15±1.75g/dL. LNG-IUS showed no significant adverse effects on anthropometric parameters at 6- and 9-month follow-up. Significant change was seen in total cholesterol (TC), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) values at follow-up (p<0.0001).Conclusions: In conclusion, amongst Asian population, the LNG-IUS does not have any adverse effects on metabolic parameters, TGs, LDL and blood sugar levels.
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Becker, Wolfgang, Lukas Braun, Rodrigo Suarez-Ibarrol, and Arkadiusz Miernik. "Metabolic Imaging by Simultaneous FLIM of NAD(P)H and FAD." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2020-3064.
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AbstractWe describe a metabolic imaging system based on simultaneous recording of lifetime images of NAD(P)H and FAD. The system uses one-photon excitation by ps diode lasers, scanning by galvanometer mirrors, confocal detection, and two parallel TCSPC FLIM recording channels. Two lasers, with wavelengths of 375nm and 410 nm, are multiplexed to alternatingly excite NAD(P)H and FAD. One FLIM channel detects in the emission band of NAD(P)H, the other in the emission band of FAD. For both channels, the data analysis delivers images of the amplitudes of the decay components, a1 and a2. We show that these are robust parameters to characterize the metabolic state of cells. FLIM results obtained from excised human-bladder tissue were in perfect agreement with histology.
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Pogadayev, Daniil Vladimirovich, Larisa Аnatoliyevna Miniaylo, and Svetlana Viktorovna Gridneva. "ASSESSMENT OF OXIDATIVE METABOLIC SYSTEM PARAMETERS AFTER CORRECTION WITH THE FLAVONOID DIHYDROQUERCETIN." Scientific medical Bulletin of Ugra 32, no. 2 (2022): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25017/2306-1367-2022-32-2-181-183.
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A total of 71 residents, living for more than 10 years in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Region with poor-quality water treatment and not employed in the manufacturing sector, were examined: 29 (40,8%) men and 42 (59,2%) women, average age 38,3 ± 8,9 years. The indicators of POL above the reference values, and AOZ – below the physiologically optimal values were established. After receiving for metabolic correction antioxidant drug dihydroquercetin for a month there was a statistically significant decrease in primary (GPl, p=0.025) and secondary (TBA-AP, p=0,049) of LPO products, significant 1,8-fold increase of total antioxidant activity (p<0,001), statistically significant increase of thiol status almost 1,2 times (p=0,036), decrease of COP more than 3 times (p<0,001).
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Kulakovskis, Darius. "INTRAVENINIO GLIUKOZĖS TOLERANCIJOS TESTO METABOLINĖS P SISTEMOS ĮGYVENDINIMAS APIBENDRINTUOJU KOMBINACINIU BŪDU / INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST METABOLIC P SYSTEM IMPLEMENTED USING UNIFIED COMBINATIVE TECHNIQUE." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 11 (April 15, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2019.9429.
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Metabolic P (MP) systems are a part of the infobiotics research field. The intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) MP system models glucose-insulin interactions. MP system implementation in software is well researched, although there is a lack of techniques for hardware implementation, specifically with field programmable gate arrays. In this article the existing techniques are examined first, including combinative, single digital signal processor element, and pipelined. Then the specifics of six different IVGTT MP systems are analyzed. Having in mind these specifics, a new unified combinative IVGTT MP system implementation in field programmable gate arrays is proposed. Carried out experimental investigation results confirm, that the proposed unified system in comparison with single IVGTT MP systems, uses 36% less digital signal processor and 49% less look-up table resources of the field programmable gate arrays. Santrauka Metabolinė P (MP) sistema yra naujos infobiotikos mokslo srities dalis. Intraveninio gliukozės tolerancijos testo (IVGTT) MP sistema modeliuojama gliukozės ir insulino sąveika. MP sistemų įgyvendinimas programinėmis priemonėmis yra gerai ištirtas, tačiau trūksta MP sistemoms įgyvendinti aparatinėje įrangoje, konkrečiai – lauku programuojamose loginėse matricose (LPLM), skirtų metodų. Šiame straipsnyje iš pradžių aptariami taikytini žinomi įgyvendinimo būdai: kombinacinis, vieno skaitmeninio signalų apdorojimo elemento ir srautinis. Vėliau nagrinėjamos šešios skirtingos IVGTT MP sistemos ir nustatomi jų ypatumai. Atsižvelgiant į bendras IVGTT MP sistemų savybes, pasiūlomas naujas apibendrintas kombinacinis IVGTT MP sistemų įgyvendinimo būdas, kuris sujungia visas minėtas sistemas vienoje LPLM. Palyginus apibendrintą sistemą su atskiromis IVGTT MP sistemomis, nustatyta, kad apibendrinta sistema naudoja 36 % mažiau skaitmeninių signalų apdorojimo elementų ir 49 % mažiau peržvalgos lentelių visoms šešioms žinomoms IVGTT MP sistemoms apskaičiuoti.
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Kim, Jong Min, Uk Lee, Jin Yong Kang, Seon Kyeong Park, Jong Cheol Kim, and Ho Jin Heo. "Matcha Improves Metabolic Imbalance-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (November 28, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8882763.
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This study was conducted to assess the protective effect of extract of match (EM) on high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced cognitive deficits in male C57BL/6 mice. It was found that EM improved glucose tolerance status by measuring OGTT and IPGTT with HFD-induced mice. EM protected behavioral and memory dysfunction in Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. Consumption of EM reduced fat mass, dyslipidemia, and inflammation in adipose tissue. Also, EM ameliorated hepatic and cerebral antioxidant systems. EM improved the cerebral cholinergic system by regulating ACh contents and expression of AChE and ChAT. Also, EM restored mitochondrial function in liver and brain tissue. EM attenuated hepatic inflammatory effect, lipid synthesis, and cholesterol metabolism by regulating the protein expression of TNF-α, TNFR1, p-IRS-1, p-JNK, IL-1β, iNOS, COX-2, HMGCR, PPARγ, and FAS. Finally, EM regulated cognitive function and neuroinflammation in the whole brain, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex by regulating the protein expression of p-JNK, p-Akt, p-tau, Aβ, BDNF, IDE, COX-2, and IL-1β. These findings suggest that EM might be a potential source of functional food to improve metabolic disorder-associated cognitive dysfunction.
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Zheng, Jianfeng, Nan Wang, Ledan Zhao, Yajing Li, Jingjie Yu, and Shaopo Wang. "Microbial population changes and metabolic shift of candidatus accumulibacter under low temperature and limiting polyphosphate." Water Science and Technology 85, no. 4 (February 2, 2022): 1107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2022.036.
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Abstract This study explored the microbial population dynamics of Accumulibacter (Acc) at low temperature and metabolic shift to limiting polyphosphate (Poly-P) in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system. The Accumulibacter-enriched EBPR systems, fed with acetate (HAc) and propionate (HPr) at 10 ± 1 °C respectively, were operated for 60 days in two identical SBR reactors (SBR-1 and SBR-2). The phosphorus removal performance in two systems was stable at 10 ± 1 °C, while the microbial community structure changed. Compared with the population structure in seed sludge, Accumulibacter clades reduced in the HAc system, while Acc I increased significantly in the HPr system. Low temperature was beneficial to the formation of granular sludge in the EBPR system, and the sludge granulation in the HAc system was more homogeneous than that in the HPr system. Accumulibacter in the HPr system can get ATP through glycogen accumulating metabolism (GAM) under limiting Poly-P condition at 10 ± 1 °C, while that in the HAc system cannot. This work suggests that poly-P levels can affect the metabolic pathway of Accumulibacter in EBPR systems under low temperature.
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Xiao, Yao, Mei-Jun Chen, Xu Shen, Li-Rong Lin, Li-Li Liu, Tian-Ci Yang, and Jian-Jun Niu. "Metabolic Disorders in Patients with Central Nervous System Infections: Associations with Neurosyphilis." European Neurology 81, no. 5-6 (2019): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000503626.
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Introduction: Recently, neurosyphilis was found to be associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Whether the association was specific to neurosyphilis among central nervous system (CNS) infections, and whether neurosyphilis is associated with other prevalent metabolic disorders deserves further study. Methods: An in-depth cross-sectional study was conducted with 74 neurosyphilis patients and 74 sex- and age-matched patients with other CNS infections. DM-, hypertension-, and dyslipidemia-related factors were compared between patients with neurosyphilis and those with other CNS infections. Results: The prevalence rates of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in neurosyphilis patients were 45.9 and 21.4%, respectively, which were higher than those in patients with other CNS infections (45.9 vs. 28.4%, p = 0.027; 21.4 vs. 8.3%, p = 0.028). In addition, neurosyphilis patients had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (BP; median 139 mm Hg; interquartile range [IQR] 121–151 mm Hg), diastolic BP (median 83 mm Hg; IQR 76–89 mm Hg), total cholesterol (median 4.86 mmol/L; IQR 3.80–5.51 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein (median 3.39 mmol/L; IQR 2.52–3.95 mmol/L), and apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1; median 1.31 g/L; IQR 1.06–1.52 g/L) levels and lower apoB/A1 ratios (median 0.67; IQR 0.49–0.99) than patients with other CNS infections (p< 0.05). There were no differences in the DM-related factors between patients with neurosyphilis and those with other CNS infections (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Potential association between neurosyphilis and metabolic disorders was found among CNS infections. The results could have important implications for clinical practice, alerting more clinicians to this issue.
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Brown, Darcy M., Dan B. Dwyer, Samuel J. Robertson, and Paul B. Gastin. "Metabolic Power Method: Underestimation of Energy Expenditure in Field-Sport Movements Using a Global Positioning System Tracking System." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 11, no. 8 (November 2016): 1067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0021.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of a global positioning system (GPS) tracking system to estimate energy expenditure (EE) during exercise and field-sport locomotor movements. Twenty-seven participants each completed a 90-min exercise session on an outdoor synthetic futsal pitch. During the exercise session, they wore a 5-Hz GPS unit interpolated to 15 Hz and a portable gas analyzer that acted as the criterion measure of EE. The exercise session was composed of alternating 5-minute exercise bouts of randomized walking, jogging, running, or a field-sport circuit (×3) followed by 10 min of recovery. One-way analysis of variance showed significant (P < .01) and very large underestimations between GPS metabolic power– derived EE and oxygen-consumption (VO2) -derived EE for all field-sport circuits (% difference ≈ –44%). No differences in EE were observed for the jog (7.8%) and run (4.8%), whereas very large overestimations were found for the walk (43.0%). The GPS metabolic power EE over the entire 90-min session was significantly lower (P < .01) than the VO2 EE, resulting in a moderate underestimation overall (–19%). The results of this study suggest that a GPS tracking system using the metabolic power model of EE does not accurately estimate EE in field-sport movements or over an exercise session consisting of mixed locomotor activities interspersed with recovery periods; however, is it able to provide a reasonably accurate estimation of EE during continuous jogging and running.
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Pavanasam, Velayutham, and Chandrasekaran Subramaniam. "Metabolic Algorithm for Software Requirement Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 267 (June 2011): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.267.639.
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The objective of this work is to apply metabolic algorithm to the various items involved during the software development process. The metabolic algorithm is introduced in the rewriting mechanism of membrane or P system considering many time varying functions. Rules for requirement evolution, reaction between items in the membrane, communications between data items, process speed-up and abort rule are being proposed. The metabolic algorithm is applied for the transformation of user requirements into system requirements which can be further segregated into functional as well as non-functional requirements. The requirement elicitation is illustrated and verified to obtain the most expected requirement objects using C# programming language.
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Clausen, Jørgen, and Søren Achim Nielsen. "A Sensitive Method for Assay of Mixed-Function Oxygenase (p-450 complex) in Cell Culture." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 15, no. 3 (March 1988): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119298801500310.
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The mixed-function oxygenase system involved in the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics has been extensively studied in various animal species and in various organs (1). It is now apparent that in humans the p-450 complex is one representative of a related family, expressed by 13 c-DNA genes showing approximately 36% similarity between the different subfamilies (2). In order to compare the in vivo and in vitro metabolic effects of drugs and xenobiotics, the induction capabilities of the mixed-function oxygenase must be known. The most sensitive non-isotopic assay system for determination of mixed-function oxygenase activity is the method of Nebert & Gelboin (3,4), which is based on the metabolic transformation of benzo-(a)-pyrene to its fluorescent hydroxyl derivatives (5). However, the levels of the mixed-function oxygenase enzymes in different cellular systems show great variations, with the highest activities in liver cells. Therefore, in order to use human lymphocytes and other cellular systems with low mixed-function oxygenase activities, the assay method for determining oxygenase activity must have the highest possible sensitivity. The present communication is devoted to a study aimed at increasing the sensitivity of Nebert & Gelboin's methods for assay of mixed-function oxygenase subfamilies using benzo-(a)-pyrene as a substrate.
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Kobuszewska, Anna, Dominik Kolodziejek, Michal Wojasinski, Tomasz Ciach, Zbigniew Brzozka, and Elzbieta Jastrzebska. "Study of Stem Cells Influence on Cardiac Cells Cultured with a Cyanide-P-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone in Organ-on-a-Chip System." Biosensors 11, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11050131.
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Regenerative medicine and stem cells could prove to be an effective solution to the problem of treating heart failure caused by ischemic heart disease. However, further studies on the understanding of the processes which occur during the regeneration of damaged tissue are needed. Microfluidic systems, which provide conditions similar to in vivo, could be useful tools for the development of new therapies using stem cells. We investigated how mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) affect the metabolic activity of cardiac cells (rat cardiomyoblasts and human cardiomyocytes) incubated with a potent uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation under microfluidic conditions. A cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) was used to mimic disfunctions of mitochondria of cardiac cells. The study was performed in a microfluidic system integrated with nanofiber mats made of poly-l-lactid acid (PLLA) or polyurethane (PU). The microsystem geometry allows four different cell cultures to be conducted under different conditions (which we called: normal, abnormal—as both a mono- and co-culture). Metabolic activity of the cells, based on the bioluminescence assay, was assessed in the culture’s performed in the microsystem. It was proved that stem cells increased metabolic activity of cardiac cells maintained with FCCP.
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Molavi, Nader, Amir Ghaderi, and Hamid Reza Banafshe. "Examining Metabolic Profiles in Opioid-Dependent Patients ." International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine 10, no. 3 (October 13, 2020): 28681. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v10i3.28681.
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Background: Drug abuse is a social burden and a public health disorder. Previous evidence suggested numerous illicit substances (e.g., opioids, amphetamines, cocaine, & cannabis) affect immune system functions, oxidative stress mechanisms, inflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species production.
This study aimed to determine the extent of these metabolic parameters in opioid-dependent patients. We also compared these patients with a healthy control group.
Methods: This study was conducted in Amirie Clinic, Kashan, Iran. Plasma and serum samples from 50 illicit opioid users (study group) and 50 non-opioid users (control group) were studied. Metabolic levels for MDA, NO, TAC, GSH, Insulin, HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP were assessed in both research groups (N=100).
Results: There was a significant difference in the status of MDA (P=0.003), NO (P=0.01), TAC (P=0.003), GSH (P=0.001), insulin (P=0.04), HOMA-IR (P=0.02), and hs-CRP (P=0.001) between the study and control groups. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation among the duration of illicit opioid use and MDA concentrations (r=-0.424, P=0.002), as well as TAC levels (r=0.314, P=0.02).
Conclusion: The study results suggested metabolic profiles were impaired in the study group, compared to the controls.
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Pokhylko, Valeriy I., Olena M. Kovalova, Svitlana M. Tsvirenko, Yuliia I. Cherniavska, Halyna O. Soloiova, Oksana V. Yakovenko, and Anastasia V. Sliusareva. "ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN NEWBORNS FROM MOTHERS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME." Wiadomości Lekarskie 74, no. 6 (2021): 1349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202106112.
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The aim: Analysis of electrocardiographic parameters in newborns from mothers with metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective cohort trial of 125 newborns, which included the study of their anthropometric, clinical and laboratory indicators and, in particular, ECG parameters. The main group consisted of 40 children, born from mothers with diagnosed metabolic syndrome, the comparison group included 2 subgroups: 28 term newborn and 57 preterm, from mothers without metabolic syndrome. Results: In newborns from mothers with metabolic syndrome on a fragmentary ECG we revealed abnormal depolarization, manifested by changes in the ventricular complex –QRS expansion (p<0.001), impaired conduction (p = 0.004), changes of T wave (p<0.001) and prolonged QT interval (p<0.001). There are such risk factors for QT prolongation in neonates: disease cardiovascular system and disorders of lipid metabolism in mother, asphyxia at birth and electrolyte disorders (hypernatremia OR 0.97), weight too high to gestational age at birth in newborn (OR 2.97), increased blood pressure in the neonatal period (OR 1.07), artificial feeding (OR 3.01). Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome in women during pregnancy has a pronounced effect on the cardiovascular system of the newborn. The detected signs of cardiac dysfunction on the ECG can serve as early integrated indicators of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in children.
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Moncure, Michael, Raja Salem, Kimberly Moncure, Mark Testaiuti, Robert Marburger, Xiaodan Ye, Collin Brathwaite, and Steven E. Ross. "Central Nervous System Metabolic and Physiologic Effects of Laparoscopy." American Surgeon 65, no. 2 (February 1999): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313489906500215.
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We set out to determine whether the increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) associated with CO2 insufflation had any metabolic effect on the central nervous system in a head injury when compared with gasless laparoscopy (GL). To test this hypothesis, we looked at both the ICP and jugular bulb venous saturation (JVS), with and without a coexisting cerebral mass lesion. Twenty-five kilogram male pigs had tracheostomy, epidural balloon, pulmonary arterial catheter, arterial line, and jugular bulb catheter placed. Intravenous Pentobarbital was used for anesthesia. Either CO2 laparoscopy (CL; n = 7) or GL (n = 7) were performed both with and without an epidural balloon inflated to a baseline ICP of 25. Data were analyzed using the Student's t test with a P value <0.05 being significant. Cerebral perfusion pressure and most hemodynamic values did not differ. Both central venous pressure and peak inspiratory pressure were significantly elevated whenever CO2 insufflation took place, reflecting an increased intrathoracic pressure. When comparing both study groups, the partial pressure of CO2 did not differ. CL increases ICP significantly above the gasless group in our head injury model. This is most likely secondary to increased intrathoracic pressure. The question still remains whether these changes are clinically significant. We could not demonstrate significant metabolic effects secondary to laparoscopy. In patients suffering head injury, GL rather than CL might be safer to avoid ICP elevation. Additional studies looking at central nervous system metabolic and objective histopathologic effects should be undertaken with larger numbers of study animals.
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Williams, Natasha J., Chimene Castor, Azizi Seixas, Joseph Ravenell, and Girardin Jean-Louis. "Sleep Disorders and Symptoms in Blacks with Metabolic Syndrome: the Metabolic Syndrome Outcome Study (MetSO)." Ethnicity & Disease 28, no. 3 (July 12, 2018): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.28.3.193.
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<p class="Pa7"><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sleep disturbance is a major public health issue and is comorbid with the cluster of conditions associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Our study explored the presence of sleep disturbance, including daytime sleepiness, the risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and insomnia symptoms, in a cohort of adult Black men and women with MetS.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients (n=1,013) from the Metabolic Syndrome Outcome Study (MetSO), 2009-2012, met criteria for MetS based on guidelines from the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel and provided sociodemographic data and the Apnea Risk Evaluation System (ARES) questionnaire to assess OSA risk, sleep characteristics, and physician-reported diagnosis of a sleep disorder.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence of the components of MetS included: diabetes (60%); obesity (67%); hypertension (94%); and dyslipidemia (74%). Based on the ARES, 49% were at risk for OSA. Of all study patients, slightly more than half (53%) reported feeling sleepy during the day, and 10% reported an insomnia diagnosis. The most common sleep disturbance reported by 46% of the patients was early morning awakenings (EMA). This was closely followed by 42% who reported difficulty staying asleep (DSA) and 38% reporting difficulty falling asleep (DFA). Seventy percent reported short sleep (≤ 6 hours), whereas a minority (19%) reported long sleep (≥ 9 hours). Only 12% used sleep aids. Women, compared with men, reported greater daytime sleepiness, greater DFA, and greater DSA (57% vs 45%; 41% vs 32.4%; 45% vs 37%), respectively.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Blacks with MetS reported insomnia symptoms and insomnia disorder, use of sleep aids, feeling sleepy during the day, and inadequate sleep durations. The presence of these sleep characteristics suggests that patients with MetS should be referred for further sleep assessment. <em></em></p><p class="Default"><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2018;28(3):193-200; doi:10.18865/ ed.28.3.193</p>
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Calosi, Piero, Samuel P. S. Rastrick, Chiara Lombardi, Heidi J. de Guzman, Laura Davidson, Marlene Jahnke, Adriana Giangrande, et al. "Adaptation and acclimatization to ocean acidification in marine ectotherms: an in situ transplant experiment with polychaetes at a shallow CO 2 vent system." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1627 (October 5, 2013): 20120444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0444.
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Metabolic rate determines the physiological and life-history performances of ectotherms. Thus, the extent to which such rates are sensitive and plastic to environmental perturbation is central to an organism's ability to function in a changing environment. Little is known of long-term metabolic plasticity and potential for metabolic adaptation in marine ectotherms exposed to elevated p CO 2 . Consequently, we carried out a series of in situ transplant experiments using a number of tolerant and sensitive polychaete species living around a natural CO 2 vent system. Here, we show that a marine metazoan (i.e. Platynereis dumerilii ) was able to adapt to chronic and elevated levels of p CO 2 . The vent population of P. dumerilii was physiologically and genetically different from nearby populations that experience low p CO 2 , as well as smaller in body size. By contrast, different populations of Amphiglena mediterranea showed marked physiological plasticity indicating that adaptation or acclimatization are both viable strategies for the successful colonization of elevated p CO 2 environments. In addition, sensitive species showed either a reduced or increased metabolism when exposed acutely to elevated p CO 2 . Our findings may help explain, from a metabolic perspective, the occurrence of past mass extinction, as well as shed light on alternative pathways of resilience in species facing ongoing ocean acidification.
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Deng, Min, Rianne D. W. Vaes, Annemarie A. J. H. M. van Bijnen, Steven W. M. Olde Damink, and Sander S. Rensen. "Activation of the Complement System in Patients with Cancer Cachexia." Cancers 13, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 5767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13225767.
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Systemic inflammation is thought to underlie many of the metabolic manifestations of cachexia in cancer patients. The complement system is an important component of innate immunity that has been shown to contribute to metabolic inflammation. We hypothesized that systemic inflammation in patients with cancer cachexia was associated with complement activation. Systemic C3a levels were higher in cachectic patients with inflammation (n = 23, C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 10 mg/L) as compared to patients without inflammation (n = 26, CRP < 10 mg/L) or without cachexia (n = 13) (medians 102.4 (IQR 89.4–158.0) vs. 81.4 (IQR 47.9–124.0) vs. 61.6 (IQR 46.8–86.8) ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.0186). Accordingly, terminal complement complex (TCC) concentrations gradually increased in these patient groups (medians 2298 (IQR 2022–3058) vs. 1939 (IQR 1725–2311) vs. 1805 (IQR 1552–2569) mAU/mL, respectively, p = 0.0511). C3a and TCC concentrations were strongly correlated (rs = 0.468, p = 0.0005). Although concentrations of C1q and mannose-binding lectin did not differ between groups, C1q levels were correlated with both C3a and TCC concentrations (rs = 0.394, p = 0.0042 and rs = 0.300, p = 0.0188, respectively). In conclusion, systemic inflammation in patients with cancer cachexia is associated with the activation of key effector complement factors. The correlations between C1q and C3a/TCC suggest that the classical complement pathway could play a role in complement activation in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Akter, Shamima, Md Mizanur Rahman, Md Majedul Islam, A. M. Shahidul Islam, Sayeeda N. Sultana, Chishimba N. Mowa, Naoto Yamaguchi, et al. "Disruption of components of vascular endothelial growth factor angiogenic signalling system in metabolic syndrome." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 109, no. 04 (2013): 696–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th12-09-0654.
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SummaryMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with impaired angiogenesis, a process that is chiefly regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) upon binding to its specific receptors, VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2. The purpose of the present study was to assess trends or patterns in plasma levels of VEGF and its soluble receptors in subjects with (MetS) or without (non-MetS) MetS; and further examine their association with clinical or metabolic parameters using a subpopu-lation of South Asian country. A total of 1,802 rural Bangladeshi women aged ≥15 years were studied using a population-based cross-sectional survey. Plasma levels of VEGF were found to be significantly increased (MetS vs. non-MetS: 483.9 vs. 386.9, p<0.001), whereas, the soluble forms of VEGF receptors, sVEGF-R1 and sVEGF-R2, were significantly decreased in subjects with Mets (sVEGF-R1, MetS vs. non-MetS: 512.5 vs. 631.3, p<0.001; sVEGF-R2, MetS vs. non-MetS: 9,302.8 vs. 9,787.4, p=0.004). After adjustment for age and all potential variables, multiple regression analysis revealed that plasma levels of VEGF had significant positive association with blood glucose (p = 0.019) and body mass index (p = 0.007). We also found that mean plasma levels of VEGF increased in direct proportion to levels of MetS components. The present study is the first ever to demonstrate a positive association between trends in levels of plasma VEGF and MetS using a large sample size from South Asia. The association between plasma VEGF and MetS needs further investigations in order to clearly decipher the clinical predictive value and accuracy of plasma VEGF in MetS.
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Tanaka, Yoji, Tadashi Nariai, Toshiya Momose, Masaru Aoyagi, Taketoshi Maehara, Toshiki Tomori, Yoshikazu Yoshino, et al. "Glioma surgery using a multimodal navigation system with integrated metabolic images." Journal of Neurosurgery 110, no. 1 (January 2009): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2008.4.17569.
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Object A multimodal neuronavigation system using metabolic images with PET and anatomical images from MR images is described here for glioma surgery. The efficacy of the multimodal neuronavigation system was evaluated by comparing the results with that of the conventional navigation system, which routinely uses anatomical images from MR and CT imaging as guides. Methods Thirty-three patients with cerebral glioma underwent 36 operations with the aid of either a multimodal or conventional navigation system. All of the patients were preliminarily examined using PET with l-methyl-[11C] methionine (MET) for surgical planning. Seventeen of the operations were performed with the multimodal navigation system by integrating the MET-PET images with anatomical MR images. The other 19 operations were performed using a conventional navigation system based solely on MR imaging. Results The multimodal navigation system proved to be more useful than the conventional navigation system in determining the area to be resected by providing a clearer tumor boundary, especially in cases of recurrent tumor that had lost a normal gyral pattern. The multimodal navigation system was therefore more effective than the conventional navigation system in decreasing the mass of the tumor remnant in the resectable portion. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that the multimodal navigation system–guided surgery benefited patient survival significantly more than the conventional navigation–guided surgery (p = 0.016, odds ratio 0.52 [95% confidence interval 0.29–0.88]). Conclusions The authors' preliminary intrainstitutional comparison between the 2 navigation systems suggested the possible premise of multimodal navigation. The multimodal navigation system using MET-PET fusion imaging is an interesting technique that may prove to be valuable in the future.
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Grajales, Diana, Patricia Vázquez, Mónica Ruíz-Rosario, Eva Tudurí, Mercedes Mirasierra, Vítor Ferreira, Ana B. Hitos, et al. "The second-generation antipsychotic drug aripiprazole modulates the serotonergic system in pancreatic islets and induces beta cell dysfunction in female mice." Diabetologia 65, no. 3 (December 21, 2021): 490–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-021-05630-0.
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Abstract Aims/hypothesis Second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) drugs have been associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of two different SGA drugs, olanzapine and aripiprazole, on metabolic state and islet function and plasticity. Methods We analysed the functional adaptation of beta cells in 12-week-old B6;129 female mice fed an olanzapine- or aripiprazole-supplemented diet (5.5–6.0 mg kg−1 day−1) for 6 months. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests, in vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and indirect calorimetry were performed at the end of the study. The effects of SGAs on beta cell plasticity and islet serotonin levels were assessed by transcriptomic analysis and immunofluorescence. Insulin secretion was assessed by static incubations and Ca2+ fluxes by imaging techniques. Results Treatment of female mice with olanzapine or aripiprazole for 6 months induced weight gain (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively), glucose intolerance (p<0.01) and impaired insulin secretion (p<0.05) vs mice fed a control chow diet. Aripiprazole, but not olanzapine, induced serotonin production in beta cells vs controls, likely by increasing tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) expression, and inhibited Ca2+ flux. Of note, aripiprazole increased beta cell size (p<0.05) and mass (p<0.01) vs mice fed a control chow diet, along with activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)/S6 signalling, without preventing beta cell dysfunction. Conclusions/interpretation Both SGAs induced weight gain and beta cell dysfunction, leading to glucose intolerance; however, aripiprazole had a more potent effect in terms of metabolic alterations, which was likely a result of its ability to modulate the serotonergic system. The deleterious metabolic effects of SGAs on islet function should be considered while treating patients as these drugs may increase the risk for development of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Graphical abstract
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Gonchar, Natalya V., Аnzhela А. Аvakyan, Svetlana N. Chuprova, and Nikolay V. Slizovskiy. "Changes of morphofunctional state of cardiovascular system in adolescents with metabolic syndrome manifestations." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 12, no. 1 (June 2, 2021): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped12121-30.
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The results of investigation of features of morphofunctional state of cardiovascular system in adolescents with manifestations of metabolic syndrome depending on presence of hyperuricemia are presented. In the cardiorheumatology department of the hospital, 34 adolescent patients were observed. Criteria for inclusion in the study: the presence of increased blood pressure levels, increased body mass index values. Depending on serum uric acid levels, patients were divided into two groups: group 1 patients without hyperuricemia (n = 18) and group 2 patients with hyperuricemia (n = 16). Functional diagnostic methods were used: standard 12-channel electrocardiography, transtoral echocardiography, daily Holter monitoring. The main attention was paid to the study of the parameters of the left ventricle. Students t-test was used to determine the significance of the differences, the results at p 0.05 were considered reliable. It was established that adolescents with hyperuricemia were more often diagnosed with primary and secondary arterial hypertension, less often with labile arterial hypertension and autonomic dysfunction syndrome by hypertensive type, and adolescents without hyperuricemia were equally often diagnosed with primary arterial hypertension and labile arterial hypertension, autonomic dysfunction syndrome by hypertensive type. Signs of left ventricular remodeling according to echocardiography were more often noted in boys without hyperuricemia (62.5% of cases) than in girls without hyperuricemia (10%; p 0.01) and in boys with hyperuricemia (26.7%; p 0,05). The findings indicated more significant changes in the morphofunctional state of the cardiovascular system in adolescents with hypertensive conditions and manifestations of metabolic syndrome without hyperuricemia, which requires further study.
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Huo, Bei-Bei, Jun Shen, Xu-Yun Hua, Mou-Xiong Zheng, Ye-Chen Lu, Jia-Jia Wu, Chun-Lei Shan, and Jian-Guang Xu. "Alteration of metabolic connectivity in a rat model of deafferentation pain: a 18F-FDG PET/CT study." Journal of Neurosurgery 132, no. 4 (April 2020): 1295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.11.jns181815.
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OBJECTIVERefractory deafferentation pain has been evidenced to be related to central nervous system neuroplasticity. In this study, the authors sought to explore the underlying glucose metabolic changes in the brain after brachial plexus avulsion, particularly metabolic connectivity.METHODSRats with unilateral deafferentation following brachial plexus avulsion, a pain model of deafferentation pain, were scanned by small-animal 2-deoxy-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT to explore the changes of metabolic connectivity among different brain regions. Thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) and mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of the intact forepaw were also measured for evaluating pain sensitization. Brain metabolic connectivity and TWL were compared from baseline to 1 week after brachial plexus avulsion.RESULTSAlterations of metabolic connectivity occurred not only within the unilateral hemisphere contralateral to the injured forelimb, but also in the other hemisphere and even in the connections between bilateral hemispheres. Metabolic connectivity significantly decreased between sensorimotor-related areas within the left hemisphere (contralateral to the injured forelimb) (p < 0.05), as well as between areas across bilateral hemispheres (p < 0.05). Connectivity between areas within the right hemisphere (ipsilateral to the injured forelimb) significantly increased (p = 0.034). TWL and MWT of the left (intact) forepaw after surgery were significantly lower than those at baseline (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSThis study revealed that unilateral brachial plexus avulsion facilitates pain sensitization in the opposite limb. A specific pattern of brain metabolic changes occurred in this procedure. Metabolic connectivity reorganized not only in the sensorimotor area corresponding to the affected forelimb, but also in extensive areas involving the bilateral hemispheres. These findings may broaden our understanding of central nervous system changes, as well as provide new information and a potential intervention target for nosogenesis of deafferentation pain.
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Roytman, A. P., N. A. Sedova, E. A. Ivanova, and M. A. Godkov. "The importance of laboratory parameters of the lipid transport system and adipose tissue hormones in assessing the course of chronic." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 67, no. 2 (February 23, 2022): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-2-85-90.
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The main manifestations of metabolic syndrome (MS) are disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and their hormonal regulation. The combined nature of metabolic disorders can significantly affect the course and prognosis of CHF in elderly people with metabolic syndrome. To determine the features of the combined effect of metabolic laboratory parameters and biological active factors of adipose tissue in patients with CHF and metabolic syndrome on the course of the disease. A comparison was made between a group of patients with CHF complicated by MS(n=37) and a group of patients with CHF without MS (n=37). The parameters of lipid metabolism (cholesterol CH and lipoproteins LP), the lipid transport system (ApoA1 and ApoB), leptin, adiponectin and resistin and their mutual relations were studied. The ratio of ApoB/ApoAI levels was indicative, which was 0.80±0.32 in patients with CHF without MS, and 1.12±0.46 in patients with CHF with MS (p <0.05). A significant correlation was found between the ratio of ApoB/ApoA1 levels and abdominal obesity (r=0.42, p<0.05), functional class of CHF (r=0.463, p<0.05), LDL-C level (r=0.518, p<0.05), and triglycerides (r=0.476, p<0.05). Also, significant results were obtained for the leptin/adiponectin ratio. For this ratio, 4 ranks were derived depending on the value of the leptin (ng/ml)/adiponectin (mcg/ml) ratio: less than 1 - rank 0 was assigned, with values of the ratio in the range 1 - 3 - rank 1, in the range 3.1 - 6 - rank 2, and above the value 6 - rank 3. Of the 22 patients who had improved CHF at the end of hospitalization, all at the beginning of hospitalization had a rank 0 or 1 ApoB/ApoA1 ratio. Thus, ranking the values of the ratio of ApoB/ApoA1 levels, and especially leptin/adiponectin, can suggest the probability of successful treatment of CHF or the probability of deterioration of the patient’s condition, up to a fatal outcome.
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Tarantino, Giovanni, Maurizio Marra, Franco Contaldo, and Fabrizio Pasanisi. "Basal metabolic rate in morbidly obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 31, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v31i1.3138.
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Background. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease occurs mainly in severly obese patients and its relationship to Metabolic Syndrome is increasingly recognized. The aim of this study was to determine energy production-utilization by measuring the Basal Metabolic Rate in severely obese patients, characterized by NAFLD, with or without Metabolic Syndrome. Then, the role of systemic inflammation was assessed. Patients and methods. Twenty severly obese men with Metabolic Syndrome were compared with a well-matched cohort of patients without Metabolic Syndrome. All showed hepatic steatosis at UltraSonography. Basal Metabolic Rate was measured by indirect calorimetry using a canopy system and single-frequency bio-impedance analysis. Serum Interleukin-6 and fibrinogen levels were measured as markers of inflammation Results. Basal Metabolic Rate was higher in severely obese patients with Metabolic Syndrome than in those without it: 2,496±358 kcal/d vs 2,126±253 kcal/d, P = 0 .001. Laboratory findings of concurrent chronic inflammation were also higher in these patients, i.e., Il6 4.35±1.34 pg/ml vs 6.23±2.1 pg/ml, P = 0.034; fibrinogenemia 285±40 mg/dL vs 376±91 mg/dL, P = 0.020; these of of cytonecrosis, i.e., AlaninaminoTransferase, equally behaved 32.3±7.9 UI vs 65.7±28.2 UI, P < 0.001. Visceral adiposity and arterial hypertension were more frequently detected in patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Conclusion. Increased energy expenditure, observed in morbidly obese patients as a consequence of a systemic, low-grade, inflammatory process, may explain progression from obesity to Metabolic Syndrome, independent of the presence of NAFLD. In this context, increased Basal Metabolic Rate may be a clue of Metabolic Syndrome.
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Bae, Jung-Hoon, Jung-Hoon Sohn, Chang-Seo Park, Joon-Shick Rhee, and Eui-Sung Choi. "Integrative Transformation System for the Metabolic Engineering of the Sphingoid Base-Producing Yeast Pichia ciferrii." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 2 (February 2003): 812–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.2.812-819.2003.
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ABSTRACT We have developed an integrative transformation system for metabolic engineering of the tetraacetyl phytosphingosine (TAPS)-secreting yeast Pichia ciferrii. The system uses (i) a mutagenized ribosomal protein L41 gene of P. ciferrii as a dominant selection marker that confer resistance to the antibiotic cycloheximide and (ii) a ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fragment of P. ciferrii as a target for multicopy gene integration into the chromosome. A locus within the nontranscribed region located between 5S and 26S rDNAs was selected as the integration site. A maximum frequency of integrative transformation of approximately 1,350 transformants/μg of DNA was observed. To improve the de novo synthesis of sphingolipid, the LCB2 gene, encoding a subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase, which catalyzes the first committed step of sphingolipid synthesis, was cloned from P. ciferrii and overexpressed under the control of the P. ciferrii glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. After transformation of an LCB2 gene expression cassette, several transformants that contained approximately five to seven copies of transforming DNA in the chromosome and exhibited about 50-fold increase in LCB2 mRNA relative to the wild type were identified. These transformants were observed to produce approximately two times more TAPS than the wild type.
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Paczkowska-Abdulsalam, Magdalena, Magdalena Niemira, Agnieszka Bielska, Anna Szałkowska, Beata Anna Raczkowska, Sini Junttila, Attila Gyenesei, et al. "Evaluation of Transcriptomic Regulations behind Metabolic Syndrome in Obese and Lean Subjects." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041455.
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Multiple mechanisms have been suggested to confer to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS), however despite great interest from the scientific community, the exact contribution of each of MetS risk factors still remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate molecular signatures in peripheral blood of individuals affected by MetS and different degrees of obesity. Metabolic health of 1204 individuals from 1000PLUS cohort was assessed, and 32 subjects were recruited to four study groups: MetS lean, MetS obese, “healthy obese”, and healthy lean. Whole-blood transcriptome next generation sequencing with functional data analysis were carried out. MetS obese and MetS lean study participants showed the upregulation of genes involved in inflammation and coagulation processes: granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0063), prothrombin activation pathway (p = 0.0032, p = 0.0091), coagulation system (p = 0.0010, p = 0.0155). The results for “healthy obese” indicate enrichment in molecules associated with protein synthesis (p < 0.0001), mitochondrial dysfunction (p < 0.0001), and oxidative phosphorylation (p < 0.0001). Our results suggest that MetS is related to the state of inflammation and vascular system changes independent of excess body weight. Furthermore, “healthy obese”, despite not fulfilling the criteria for MetS diagnosis, seems to display an intermediate state with a lower degree of metabolic abnormalities, before they proceed to a full blown MetS.
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Gault, Mandy, Richard Clements, and Mark Willems. "Effect of Wearing the Cosmed K4b2 Metabolic System on 1 Mile Walking Performance in Older Adults." Journal of Human Kinetics 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10078-09-0005-6.
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Effect of Wearing the Cosmed K4b2Metabolic System on 1 Mile Walking Performance in Older AdultsThis study examined in older adults the effects of wearing the Cosmed K4b2 metabolic system with face mask during the 1-mile Rockport Fitness Walking Test (RFWT). A randomised cross-over design was used (13 males, 12 females, age: 67±4 (yrs). Walking time, walking speed and final heart rate were recorded and predicted VO2max calculated. Participants had a constant walking speed during the RFWT (P = 0.24) not influenced by wearing the Cosmed K4b2. Using Bland-Altman analysis, bias for walking time, heart rate and predicted VO2max was not significant. The predicted VO2max wearing the Cosmed K4b2 was within 0.05±0.36 L·min-1. Wearing the Cosmed K4b2 metabolic system with face mask did not influence 1-mile walking performance in older adults. This observation allows the Cosmed K4b2 metabolic system to be used during walking tests in older adults to examine metabolic and physiologic adaptations by controlled exercise interventions.
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Chaloupka, J., P. Hlúbik, and L. Opltová. "P.51 Increase of the sympathetic nervous system activity influence metabolic changes after low-energy diet administration." Clinical Nutrition 16 (August 1997): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5614(97)80175-6.
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Tanaka, H., N. Morooka, K. Haraikawa, and Y. Ueno. "Metabolic activation of emodin in the reconstituted cytochrome P-450 system of the hepatic microsomes of rats." Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 176, no. 2 (February 1987): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(87)90046-7.
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Chester, Stephanie, Audrey Zucker-Levin, Daniel A. Melcher, Shelby A. Peel, Richard J. Bloomer, and Max R. Paquette. "Lower Limb Kinematics and Metabolic Cost During Elliptical Exercises and Treadmill Running." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 32, no. 2 (April 2016): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2015-0110.
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The purpose of this study was to compare knee and hip joint kinematics previously associated with anterior knee pain and metabolic cost among conditions including treadmill running (TR), standard elliptical (SE), and lateral elliptical (LE) in healthy runners. Joint kinematics and metabolic parameters of 16 runners were collected during all 3 modalities using motion capture and a metabolic system, respectively. Sagittal knee range of motion (ROM) was greater in LE (P < .001) and SE (P < .001) compared with TR. Frontal and transverse plane hip ROM were greater in LE compared with SE (P < .001) and TR (P < .001). Contralateral pelvic drop ROM was smaller in SE compared with TR (P = .002) and LE (P = .005). Similar oxygen consumption was found during LE and TR (P = .39), but LE (P < .001) and TR (P < .001) required greater oxygen consumption than SE. Although LE yields similar metabolic cost to TR and produces hip kinematics that may help strengthen hip abductors, greater knee flexion and abduction during LE may increase symptoms in runners with anterior knee pain. The findings suggest that research on the implications of elliptical exercise for injured runners is needed.
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Lee, Jong Won, Han Kil Kim, and Hoe Kyung Jung. "User Analysis Mechanisms based Mobile Fitness System." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 3154. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.13267.
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<p>Modern men have health problems caused by lack of exercise than in the past. But most modern people do not know what to do exercise. Mobile systems for fitness to solve this problem have been developed. In this paper, by analyzing the user's BMI (Body Mass Index) Index and BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) value, the data is made available. The processed data is provided to the user which proposes the right exercise and the appropriate level of exercise intensity, for exercise machines. This is different from detecting the movement, like the existing system, and a fitness value showing the calorie consumption caused. Thus the user is considered to be able to efficiently proceed to a movement based on the provided data.</p>
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Lee, Jong Won, Han Kil Kim, and Hoe Kyung Jung. "User Analysis Mechanisms based Mobile Fitness System." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 3154. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp3154-3160.
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<p>Modern men have health problems caused by lack of exercise than in the past. But most modern people do not know what to do exercise. Mobile systems for fitness to solve this problem have been developed. In this paper, by analyzing the user's BMI (Body Mass Index) Index and BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) value, the data is made available. The processed data is provided to the user which proposes the right exercise and the appropriate level of exercise intensity, for exercise machines. This is different from detecting the movement, like the existing system, and a fitness value showing the calorie consumption caused. Thus the user is considered to be able to efficiently proceed to a movement based on the provided data.</p>
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Zoledowska, Sabina, Luana Presta, Marco Fondi, Francesca Decorosi, Luciana Giovannetti, Alessio Mengoni, and Ewa Lojkowska. "Metabolic Modeling of Pectobacterium parmentieri SCC3193 Provides Insights into Metabolic Pathways of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria." Microorganisms 7, no. 4 (April 5, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7040101.
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Understanding plant–microbe interactions is crucial for improving plants’ productivity and protection. Constraint-based metabolic modeling is one of the possible ways to investigate the bacterial adaptation to different ecological niches and may give insights into the metabolic versatility of plant pathogenic bacteria. We reconstructed a raw metabolic model of the emerging plant pathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium parmentieri SCC3193 with the use of KBase. The model was curated by using inParanoind and phenotypic data generated with the use of the OmniLog system. Metabolic modeling was performed through COBRApy Toolbox v. 0.10.1. The curated metabolic model of P. parmentieri SCC3193 is highly reliable, as in silico obtained results overlapped up to 91% with experimental data on carbon utilization phenotypes. By mean of flux balance analysis (FBA), we predicted the metabolic adaptation of P. parmentieri SCC3193 to two different ecological niches, relevant for the persistence and plant colonization by this bacterium: soil and the rhizosphere. We performed in silico gene deletions to predict the set of essential core genes for this bacterium to grow in such environments. We anticipate that our metabolic model will be a valuable element for defining a set of metabolic targets to control infection and spreading of this plant pathogen.
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Lee, Jongwon, Hyunju Lee, Donggyun Yu, and Hoekyung Jung. "Body Information Analysis based Personal Exercise Management System." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i2.pp651-657.
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<p>Recently, people's interest in health is deepening. So health-related systems are being developed. Existing exercise management systems provided users with exercise related information using PC or smart phone. However, there is a problem that the accuracy of the algorithm for analyzing the user's body information and providing information is low.In this paper, we analyze users' body mass index (BMI) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) and we propose a system that provides the user with necessary information through recommendation algorithm. It informs the user of exercise intensity and momentum, and graphs the exercise history of the user. It also allows the user to refer to the fitness history of other users in the same BMI group. This allows the user to receive more personalized services than the existing exercise management system, thereby enabling efficient exercise.</p>
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SUCQUART, Irene E., Ruchi NAGARKAR, Melissa C. EDWARDS, Valentina RODRIGUEZ PARIS, Ali AFLATOUNIAN, Michael J. BERTOLDO, Rebecca E. CAMPBELL, et al. "Pharmacological Antagonism of the Kisspeptin-Neurokinin System Improved Adverse Metabolic Traits in a PCOS Mouse Model." Fertility & Reproduction 04, no. 03n04 (September 2022): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318222740723.
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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine condition affecting up to 20% of reproductively aged women worldwide. Owing to an ambiguous etiology and complicated pathophysiology, current PCOS treatments remain purely symptomatic. Aberrations in androgen receptor driven neuroendocrine pathways are reportedly involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS. A clinical trial, focusing on the androgen regulated kisspeptin-neurokinin B-dynorphin system, treated women with PCOS with a neurokinin B receptor (neurokinin 3 receptor, NK3R) antagonist and reported improvements in LH secretion, LH pulses and testosterone levels. Aim: To investigate if pharmacological antagonism of NK3R can ameliorate PCOS traits in a mouse model. Method: Reproductive and metabolic features of PCOS were evaluated in control and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced PCOS mice, treated +/-NK3R antagonist (MLE4901) for 28 days at a dose of 25mg/kg/day. Results: PCOS-like mice were acyclic and exhibited ovulatory dysfunction, which were not rescued by NK3R antagonist treatment. Compared to control mice, the PCOS-like mice displayed a significant increase in total body weight and inguinal, parametrial, mesenteric, retroperitoneal, and brown fat pad weights (all P[Formula: see text]0.01). NK3R antagonism partially reversed the total body weight and fat pad weight gains (all P[Formula: see text]0.01) in all white fat depots of PCOS-like mice. PCOS-like mice also displayed adipocyte hypertrophy and increased leptin levels compared to control mice (both P[Formula: see text]0.01), which were improved with NK3R antagonism treatment (P[Formula: see text]0.01 and P[Formula: see text]0.05, respectively). Moreover, DHT exposure significantly reduced the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) (P[Formula: see text]0.01), whereas NK3R antagonism significantly increased RER compared to control mice (P[Formula: see text]0.01), suggesting a metabolic shift in the PCOS-like mice treated with the NKR3 antagonist. Conclusion: These findings show that pharmacological antagonism of the kisspeptin-neurokinin system may be a beneficial treatment for adverse metabolic features of PCOS. This study also reveals important new insights into neuroendocrine androgen actions in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Leben, Köhler, Radbruch, Hauser, and Niesner. "Systematic Enzyme Mapping of Cellular Metabolism by Phasor-Analyzed Label-Free NAD(P)H Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 22 (November 7, 2019): 5565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225565.
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In the past years, cellular metabolism of the immune system experienced a revival, as it has become clear that it is not merely responsible for the cellular energy supply, but also impacts on many signaling pathways and, thus, on diverse cellular functions. Label-free fluorescence lifetime imaging of the ubiquitous coenzymes NADH and NADPH (NAD(P)H-FLIM) makes it possible to monitor cellular metabolism in living cells and tissues and has already been applied to study metabolic changes both under physiologic and pathologic conditions. However, due to the complex distribution of NAD(P)H-dependent enzymes in cells, whose distribution continuously changes over time, a thorough interpretation of NAD(P)H-FLIM results, in particular, resolving the contribution of various enzymes to the overall metabolic activity, remains challenging. We developed a systematic framework based on angle similarities of the phase vectors and their length to analyze NAD(P)H-FLIM data of cells and tissues based on a generally valid reference system of highly abundant NAD(P)H-dependent enzymes in cells. By using our analysis framework, we retrieve information not only about the overall metabolic activity, i.e., the fraction of free to enzyme-bound NAD(P)H, but also identified the enzymes predominantly active within the sample at a certain time point with subcellular resolution. We verified the performance of the approach by applying NAD(P)H-FLIM on a stromal-like cell line and identified a different group of enzymes that were active in the cell nuclei as compared to the cytoplasm. As the systematic phasor-based analysis framework of label-free NAD(P)H-FLIM can be applied both in vitro and in vivo, it retains the unique power to enable dynamic enzyme-based metabolic investigations, at subcellular resolution, in genuine environments.
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Vieira, Edna Cunha, Maria do Rosário Gondim Peixoto, and Erika Aparecida da Silveira. "Prevalence and factors associated with Metabolic Syndrome in elderly users of the Unified Health System." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 17, no. 4 (December 2014): 805–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4503201400040001.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome in the elderly. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, with 133 individuals randomly selected in the Unified Health System in Goiania, Goiás. The following variables were researched: anthropometric (BMI, waist circumference, fat percentage by Dual X-ray absorptiometry), sociodemographic (gender, age, color, income, marital status and years of schooling), lifestyle (physical activity, smoking and risk alcohol consumption) and food intake (risk and protective foods). The metabolic syndrome was assessed according to harmonized criteria proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The combinations were tested by Poisson regression for confounding factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 58.65% (95%CI 49.8 - 67.1), with 60.5% (95%CI 49.01 - 71.18) for females and 55.7% (95%CI 41.33 - 69.53) for males. Hypertension was the most prevalent component of the syndrome in both men, with 80.8% (95%CI 64.5 - 90.4), and women, with 85.2% (95%CI 75.5 - 92.1). After the multivariate analysis, only the excess of weight measured by body mass index (prevalence ratio = 1.66; p < 0.01) remained associated with the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this sample was high, indicating the need for systematic actions by health workers in the control of risk factors through prevention strategies and comprehensive care to the elderly.
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Bokemark, Lena, Björn Fagerberg, and Hans Herlitz. "Erythrocyte sodium/lithium countertransport is associated with thrombotic and fibrinolytic factors in 58-year-old men." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 91, no. 06 (2004): 1152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th03-10-0660.
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SummaryThe metabolic syndrome, in which insulin resistance is the core feature, is associated both with dysregulation of thrombosis/ fibrinolysis and erythrocyte sodium/lithium countertransport (SLC).To investigate this further we designed a cross-sectional study to examine whether factors involved in coagulationand fibrinolysis systems were associated with SLC independently of insulin resistance in 93 58-year-old men. SLC was in univariate analysis positively correlated with PAI-1 activity (r = 0.35, p <0.01), tPA antigen (r = 0.38, p <0.01), von Willebrand factor (r = 0.25, p <0.05), protein S (r = 0.26, p <0.05), and C (r = 0.30, p <0.01), and negatively associated with tPA activity(r = −0.28, p <0.01). Since these correlations could be influenced by the components of the metabolic syndrome itself, a separate analysis with adjustment for glucose infusion rate (GIR), plasma insulin, body fat, sagittal diameter of the abdomen (SD) and log serum triglyceride concentration (TG) was conducted. Then SLC was associated with tPA antigen independent of GIR, plasma insulin, body fat, SD and TG. SLC was also associated with protein C independent of GIR, insulin, body fat and SD but not TG. In conclusion, we found a relationship between SLC and the fibrinolytic system that was not related to the metabolic syndrome.
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Yeo, Seonae, David L. Ronis, Cathy L. Antonakos, Katherine Roberts, and Robert Hayashi. "Need for Population Specific Validation of a Portable Metabolic Testing System: A Case of Sedentary Pregnant Women." Journal of Nursing Measurement 13, no. 3 (December 2005): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jnum.13.3.207.
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Commercially available portable metabolic systems have been validated with samples of young, healthy, and well-fit subjects, but use of these systems with a special population, such as healthy but sedentary pregnant women, requires a unique set of considerations. These include a woman’s limited testing time necessary for fetal safety, relatively low oxygen consumption, and the unique physiology of pregnancy (woman, the placenta, and the fetus). The purpose of this study was to validate a portable metabolic testing system (VO2000) with healthy sedentary pregnant women. A total of 9 sedentary pregnant women who averaged 30 years of age (SD = 3), 93 kg (SD = 19) weight, 163 cm (SD = 7) height, and at 19 weeks’ gestation (SD = 5) volunteered to participate. Submaximum fitness tests using the Cornell protocol were conducted once with two systems (VO2000 and CPX/D, a reference) simultaneously, and then subsequently twice with one system (VO2000). The VO2000 consistently overestimated VO2 measurement, compared to the same manufacturer’s reference system, by 4.4 +/− 3.6 (SD) ml/kg/min, and when VO2000 was used twice, the mean difference was statistically significant (1.0 +/− 1.8 [SD] ml/kg/min; t(45) = 3.9, p < .001). The results of the study show that although VO2000 is an established and validated portable metabolic system for measurement on adult males and females who are relatively well fit, this portable system consistently overestimates VO2 readings for pregnant women compared to standard full-size system. Measurements, when repeated, were not consistent.
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Leca, Bianca Maria, Ionuț Stanca, Suzana Florea, Simona Fica, and Anca Elena Sîrbu. "Impact of weight loss on the cardiovascular system after bariatric surgery." Problems of Endocrinology 62, no. 5 (September 22, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl201662543.
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Introduction. Obesity is a chronic disease with a great impact on the cardiovascular system through its association with type II diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and also through direct alterations in cardiac performance and morphology. Recent long term studies prove that substantial weight loss obtained via bariatric surgery is capable of improving cardiac risk factors associated with severe obesity, decreasing the mortality rates.Aim: to assess the long-term changes in cardiovascular risk and cardiac structure in obese patients who had lost weight after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).Methods. Fifty-two severe obese patients (44±9 years, 57.7% women, BMI=45±8 kg/m2) underwent clinical and biochemical examination and Doppler echocardiograms before and 5 years after LSG.Results. Pre-operatively, 78.4% of patients were hypertensive, 46.2% had diabetes, 73.1% MetS and 44.2% presented left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH), reflecting high cardio-metabolic risk. The patients reassessment was made 61.7±10.5 months after LSG, when a decrease in BMI of 21.9±10% was achieved (p<0.001). The prevalence of hypertension (64.7%), diabetes (32.7%) and MetS (28.8%) decreased compared to the pre-operative examination (p=0.019, p<0.001, p=0.036). An increase in left ventricle mass and left ventricle mass index (LVMI) (p<0.001) and in the prevalence of LVH (57.7%-p=0.001) was recorded. Patients were divided into two groups based on the decrease in LVMI (positive response-38.5%) or increase in LVMI post-surgery (negative response-61.5%), compared with pre-operative values. The group of patients with negative response had lost less weight (p=0.006), had a poor glycemic control (p=0.022), and higher systolic (p=0.004) and diastolic (p=0.030) pressure values compared to the first evaluation.Conclusion. The increase of LVMI after LSG indicates that this study should continue, including a larger number of patients. It is important to identify the factors that can predict an inappropriate response to surgery, in order to prevent and treat them.
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Schobersberger, Wolfgang, Georg Hoffmann, Dietmar Fries, Hanns-Christian Gunga, Sven Greie, Dietmar Fuchs, Anton Klingler, and Egon Humpeler. "AMAS (Austrian Moderate Altitude Study)-2000: Effects of Hiking Holidays at Moderate Altitude on Immune System Markers in Persons with Metabolic Syndrome." Pteridines 15, no. 4 (November 2004): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines.2004.15.4.149.
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Abstract Recent studies have shown a strong association between indices of inflammation and metabolic Syndrome. Proinflammatory mediators like tumor necrosis factor-α may act as a trigger for insulin insensitivity. Therefore, patients with metabolic Syndrome might be at higher risk of insulin resistance when confronted with additional Stimuli of the immune system. These Stimuli are not restricted to the presence of pathogens but include environmental factors like physical exercise and hypoxemia as well. With respect to these interdependencies, one may assume higher risk for patients with metabolic Syndrome who perform physical exercise in alpine regions. We investigated the effects of a 3-weeks holiday with moderate sporting activities at moderate altitude (1700 m) on the conceiitrations of neopterin, tumor necrosis factor-α, serum soluble 75kD type TNF receptor (sTNF-R75), and interleukin-6 in vacationers with metabolic Syndrome. Only serum neopterin and sTNF-R75 concentrations transiently increased during the stay at moderate altitude compared to pre-altitude levels (P<0.05). Interestingly, after return to 500 m sea-level neopterin concentrations dropped beyond baseline concentrations (p<0.05). However, the variations in neopterin concentrations might not be of clinical relevance since they did not exceed the threshold indicating significant activation of the cellular immune system. We conclude that a 3-week sojourn at moderate altitude including individually adapted physical exercise does not represent accumulated risk factors in subjects with metabolic Syndrome.
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Medbø, Jon Ingulf, Asgeir Mamen, and Fernando G. Beltrami. "Examination of the Moxus Modular Metabolic System by the Douglas-bag technique." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 37, no. 5 (October 2012): 860–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h2012-056.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of the Moxus Modular Metabolic System from AEI Technologies, Inc. using the Douglas-bag method as reference. To achieve this, eight moderately trained subjects cycled for 5 min at constant powers from 50 to 300 W in increments of 50 W. The O2 uptake was measured simultaneously by both systems during the last minute of each stage. The O2 uptake reported by the Moxus system was 83 ± 78 mL·min–1 higher (mean ± SD; ≈3%, +62 µmol·s–1, P < 0.001) than that reported by the Douglas-bag method; the bias varied by ≈2% between the subjects. The higher O2 uptake of the Moxus system was a consequence of 1.4% ± 3.0% higher reported ventilation and 2% ± 3% higher reported O2 extraction per volume of air breathed. The respiratory exchange ratio (R value) reported by the Moxus system rose proportionally to that of the Douglas-bag method and was 1% ± 2% higher for the range examined (0.75–1.10). Repeated tests of the maximal O2 uptake showed a variability (coefficient of variation) of 2.5%. The study concluded that measurements by the Moxus system showed some bias and residual variation and, in addition, some systematic differences between the subjects in the O2 uptake. The R value was reported quite accurately with moderate random error. Although there were some computer software and hardware instability problems that need to be solved, the Moxus system worked quite well and provided data more reliable than those of most commercial instruments.
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Kapoor, Saumya, Gurudutt Dubey, Samima Khatun, and Prasad V. Bharatam. "Remdesivir: Mechanism of Metabolic Conversion from Prodrug to Drug." Current Drug Metabolism 23, no. 1 (January 2022): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200223666211228160314.
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Background: Remdesivir (GS-5734) has emerged as a promising drug during the challenging times of COVID-19 pandemic. Being a prodrug, it undergoes several metabolic reactions before converting to its active triphosphate metabolite. It is important to establish the atomic level details and explore the energy profile of the prodrug to drug conversion process. Methods: In this work, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed to explore the entire metabolic path. Further, the potential energy surface (PES) diagram for the conversion of prodrug remdesivir to its active metabolite was established. The role of catalytic triad of Hint1 phosphoramidase enzyme in P-N bond hydrolysis was also studied on a model system using combined molecular docking and quantum mechanics approach. Results: The overall energy of reaction is 11.47 kcal/mol exergonic and the reaction proceeds through many steps requiring high activation energies. In the absence of a catalyst, the P-N bond breaking step requires 41.78 kcal/mol, which is reduced to 14.26 kcal/mol in a catalytic environment. Conclusion: The metabolic pathways of model system of remdesivir (MSR) were explored completely and potential energy surface diagrams at two levels of theory, B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) and B3LYP/6-31+G(d), were established and compared. The results highlight the importance of an additional water molecule in the metabolic reaction. The PN bond cleavage step of the metabolic process requires the presence of an enzymatic environment.