Journal articles: 'Metabolic maturity'

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Williams, Erin. "Metabolic quiescence for B cell maturity." Science 366, no. 6464 (October 24, 2019): 440.18–442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.366.6464.440-r.

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Lee, Jinwook, Young-Sun Hwang, Woo-Suk Chang, Jung-Kyeong Moon, and Myoung-Gun Choung. "Seed maturity differentially mediates metabolic responses in black soybean." Food Chemistry 141, no. 3 (December 2013): 2052–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.059.

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Giallourou, N., F. Fardus-Reid, G. Panic, K. Veselkov, B. J. J. McCormick, M. P. Olortegui, T. Ahmed, et al. "Metabolic maturation in the first 2 years of life in resource-constrained settings and its association with postnatal growths." Science Advances 6, no. 15 (April 2020): eaay5969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay5969.

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Malnutrition continues to affect the growth and development of millions of children worldwide, and chronic undernutrition has proven to be largely refractory to interventions. Improved understanding of metabolic development in infancy and how it differs in growth-constrained children may provide insights to inform more timely, targeted, and effective interventions. Here, the metabolome of healthy infants was compared to that of growth-constrained infants from three continents over the first 2 years of life to identify metabolic signatures of aging. Predictive models demonstrated that growth-constrained children lag in their metabolic maturity relative to their healthier peers and that metabolic maturity can predict growth 6 months into the future. Our results provide a metabolic framework from which future nutritional programs may be more precisely constructed and evaluated.

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Zapata, A., C. Grande, and J. M. Hernández-garcía. "Influence of metabolic control of pregnant diabetics on fetal lung maturity." Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 54, no. 6 (January 1994): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365519409085466.

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Souty, M., M. Génard, Maryse Reich, and G. Albagnac. "Influence de la fourniture en assimilats sur la maturation et la qualité de la pêche (Prunus persica L. 'Suncrest')." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-095.

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Maturity and sensory evaluation of peach (cv. Suncrest) fruits were evaluated in response to three leaf:fruit ratios, 6, 18 and 30, respectively. Fruit growth rates increased with increasing leaf:fruit ratios so that, at maturity, fruit weights of 75, 140 and 180 g were obtained from the three treatments, respectively. Metabolic activity (oxygen consumption) although indifferent between treatments when fruits were immature, segregated according to leaf:fruit ratios as fruits matured. Autocatalytic production of ethylene was delayed in fruits suffering from nutritional stress and the intensity of ethylene production was also dependent on assimilate supply. Sugars, especially sucrose, accumulated at slower rates when assimilate supply was lowest, i.e. six leaves per fruit. Malic and citric acids metabolisms were influenced by the leaves:fruit ratios. Quinic and shikimic acid levels were reduced according to the treatments. Key words: Peach, ripening, quality, assimilates, metabolic activity, sugars, acids

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Venturas, Marta, Kishlay Kumar, Xingbo Yang, Dagan Wells, Catherine Racowsky, and Dan Needleman. "NON-INVASIVE METABOLIC IMAGING OF CUMULUS CELLS TO DETECT OOCYTE MATURITY AND FERTILIZATION." Fertility and Sterility 114, no. 3 (September 2020): e33-e34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.120.

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Pal, A. D., and R. Basistha. "Effect of Maturity Stages on the Nutritional Content of Hygrophila spinosa and Chenopodium album Leaves." Journal of Scientific Research 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 1011–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v13i3.53443.

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Urbanization has impacted the knowledge and use of traditional leafy vegetables. The present investigation is conducted to understand the importance of edible leaves and the variation in their nutritional content at different stages of maturity. Hygrophila spinosa and Chenopodium album leaves have been selected owing to their economic cost, accessibility, and utilization within the population. A leaf undergoes several physiological and metabolic changes during maturity, which may affect its biochemical content. Hence, the samples have been analyzed for their nutritional composition at distinct stages (I to IV) of maturity based on the length of the leaf post-germination. Results revealed that both samples possessed the highest content of nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, β carotene, and vitamin C at stage 1 compared to the older stages. Alteration in metabolic patterns and environmental influences during various phases may be responsible for this effect. Stage I manifested the notable existence of essential phytonutrients and the diminished presence of potent anti-nutrients. Moreover, a significant percentage of micronutrients are found to be available post in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The study highlights the importance of consuming young edible leaves. Regular dietary incorporation of the same may lead to alleviation of nutrient deficiency disorders and food insecurity.

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Cox, S. P., and S. G. Hinch. "Changes in size at maturity of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) (19521993) and associations with temperature." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 1159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-009.

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Unlike other Canadian Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), long-term declines in the size at maturity of Fraser River sockeye salmon (O. nerka) have not been reported in past studies. Using data specific for 10 Fraser River sockeye stocks, we demonstrate that size at maturity has generally declined over the past 42 yr for females in all stocks and for males from eight stocks. Independent of this temporal trend, we found that size at maturity of both sexes in all stocks was smaller in years when sea surface temperatures were relatively warm. Slower growth in warmer years may be caused directly by increased metabolic demand, or indirectly by oceanic changes that influence food acquisition. We speculate that fitness of Fraser River sockeye will be reduced in the future if sea surface temperature increases and salmon abundance remains near present levels.

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COLE, A. "Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and maturity onset diabetes mellitus: is there a metabolic association?" British Journal of Ophthalmology 84, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 439a—439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.84.4.439a.

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Bourne, N., A. Swali, A. K. Jones, S. Potterton, and D. C. Wathes. "Comparison of metabolic profiles and fertility in the same dairy cows during their first and second lactations." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200019578.

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The decline in dairy cow fertility over the past 30 years has major economic, welfare, genetic and environmental consequences. A significant number of potential replacement heifers either never calve or else complete only a single lactation. The relationships between metabolic status and fertility may change with age as cows reach physical maturity. To determine the reasons behind the high loss rates attributable to infertility, this study tracked a group of animals until the end of their second lactation to compare fertility and metabolic hormone profiles in the same cows at different ages.

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Renčo, M., and A. Čerevková. "Windstorms as mediator of soil nematode community changes: Evidence from European spruce forest." Helminthologia 54, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helm-2017-0004.

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Summary Nematode communities in a Norway spruce forest in High Tatra National Park, Slovakia were monitored for the period of several years (2006 and 2013). Unfortunately, in May 2014 natural windstorm damaged the forest. This disastrous event, together with preliminary obtained results allowed us to compare the direct impact of windstorm damage of forest habitat on soil nematode assemblages. The forest destruction by windstorm had a significant effect on the total nematode abundance, the abundance of omnivores and herbivores, as well as the nematode species diversity. The most dominant species, representing 55 % of the total nematode fauna, in the plot studied were Acrobeloides nanus followed by Malenchus exiguus, Filenchus vulgaris, Plectus communis, Plectus parvus and Tylencholaimus mirabilis. The abundance of bacterivorous signifi cantly increased after the windstorm, meanwhile the abundance of omnivores, fungivores, and herbivores ectoparasites and epidermal/root hair feeders showed an opposite trend. Of the evaluative indicators, Shannon species diversity (H’spp), maturity index (MI), maturity index 2-5 (MI2-5), sigma maturity index (ΣMI), enrichment index (EI) and structure index (SI) decreased significantly after windstorm. The EI and SI indexes characterized soil ecosystems before windstorm (2006 - 2013) as maturing with low or moderate disturbance, but soil ecosystems shortly after the windstorm (2014) were degraded and nutrient depleted. This also corresponded with graphical display of metabolic footprints characteristics of soil food web. Overall, the nematode communities differed significantly before and after forest damage. These results suggest the role of nematode communities as indicators of environment condition quality or its disruption.

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Tydén, Olof, Ulf J. Eriksson, and Christian Berne. "Fetal lung maturation in diabetic pregnancy." Acta Endocrinologica 113, no. 3_Suppl (August 1986): S101—S106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.111s0101.

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Abstract. The increased incidence of the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) in infants of diabetic mothers may be explained by preterm delivery and asphyxia but the metabolic derangement per se may also be responsible for the inadequate production of surfactant. Experimental studies of the underlying mechanisms in the lungs of fetuses of pregnant diabetic rats have shown a decreased formation of the two major surfactant phospholipids disaturated phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl glycerol. In addition, the activities of key enzymes responsible for the production of these phospholipids are decreased in the fetal lung tissue. Inadequate utilization of pulmonary glycogen for surfactant biosynthesis has also been observed. Furthermore, experimental studies support that other changes than fetal hyperinsulinaemia are needed to produce a state of disturbed surfactant production. In human diabetic pregnancy strict metabolic control allows the fetal lungs to mature in a near-normal fashion. The presence of phosphatidyl glycerol in the amniotic fluid seems to be the best available predictor of lung maturity in diabetic pregnancy, in which both the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio and amniotic fluid cytology may result in false-positive and false-negative values. The trend towards extension of delivery to term will undoubtedly diminish the need for estimation of fetal lung maturity by amniocentesis. Avoiding preterm delivery and adhering to strict metabolic control of the maternal diabetes would be expected to decrease the neonatal respiratory problems in diabetic pregnancy.

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13

Jensen, A. L. "Origin of relation between K and Linf and synthesis of relations among life history parameters." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 987–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-007.

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Four patterns occur in growth and mortality parameters across species of fish. Three of these relations, Mxm = 1.65, M = 1.50K, and L(xm) = 0.66Linf where M is natural mortality, xm is age at maturity, L(xm) is length at maturity, and Linf is asymptotic length, were previously shown to result from optimization of the age at maturity. In this study the fourth relation, that between asymptotic size and the growth coefficient, Linf = CK-h, was obtained from a bioenergetic growth equation. A numerical value of h = 0.33 was predicted, and this agrees with the observed value. The relation between the growth coefficient K and size Linf results from the limited amount of assimilated food that must be used both for growth and body functions, and the body functions are a function of body size. The four Beverton and Holt invariants, together with the net reproductive rate, relate many life history parameters to a metabolic parameter and mortality.

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Varoquaux, Nelle, Benjamin Cole, Cheng Gao, Grady Pierroz, Christopher R. Baker, Dhruv Patel, Mary Madera, et al. "Transcriptomic analysis of field-droughted sorghum from seedling to maturity reveals biotic and metabolic responses." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 52 (December 5, 2019): 27124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907500116.

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Drought is the most important environmental stress limiting crop yields. The C4 cereal sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] is a critical food, forage, and emerging bioenergy crop that is notably drought-tolerant. We conducted a large-scale field experiment, imposing preflowering and postflowering drought stress on 2 genotypes of sorghum across a tightly resolved time series, from plant emergence to postanthesis, resulting in a dataset of nearly 400 transcriptomes. We observed a fast and global transcriptomic response in leaf and root tissues with clear temporal patterns, including modulation of well-known drought pathways. We also identified genotypic differences in core photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species scavenging pathways, highlighting possible mechanisms of drought tolerance and of the delayed senescence, characteristic of the stay-green phenotype. Finally, we discovered a large-scale depletion in the expression of genes critical to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, with a corresponding drop in AM fungal mass in the plants’ roots.

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Litwin, M., A. Niemirska, P. Pludowsky, E. Jurkiewicz, A. Wierzbicka, and Z. Wawer. "BIOLOGICAL MATURITY, METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES AND TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH PRIMARY HYPERTENSION." Journal of Hypertension 29 (June 2011): e387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-201106001-01143.

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Silverstein, Jeffrey T., Karl D. Shearer, Walton W. Dickhoff, and Erika M. Plisetskaya. "Effects of growth and fatness on sexual development of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) parr." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 2376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f98-111.

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The independent effects of size and fatness, 1 year prior to maturity, on male sexual development of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were tested. Beginning in March 1995, ration size and dietary lipid were independently manipulated to produce four groups of spring chinook salmon differing in size and fatness. Size, growth rate, adiposity, liver triacylglycerol and glycogen contents, and plasma insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels were monitored to follow the metabolic states of fish in the different treatment groups and to observe whether plasma levels of these growth mediators predict sexual development. Differences in size and fatness were well established by the first autumn (September 1995), 1 year prior to sexual maturity, and common ration size groups were pooled for further rearing. Subsequently in winter-spring (February-March), 6 months prior to sexual maturity, there were no within-tank differences in size or fatness. Nevertheless, the effects of size and fatness, from 1 year earlier, on incidence of sexual maturity were significant. Overall, size appeared to have the primary effect, but for smaller fish, an effect of fat content was indicated. Plasma insulin levels, and in limited cases, IGF-I levels, were correlated with growth rate and size, but were not accurate indicators of sexual development.

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McNarry, Melitta A., Joanne R. Welsman, and Andrew M. Jones. "The influence of training and maturity status on girls’ responses to short-term, high-intensity upper- and lower-body exercise." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, no. 3 (June 2011): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h11-019.

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A maturational threshold has been suggested to be present in young peoples’ responses to exercise, with significant influences of training status evidenced only above this threshold. The presence of such a threshold has not been investigated for short-term, high-intensity exercise. To address this, we investigated the relationship between swim-training status and maturity on the power output, pulmonary gas exchange, and metabolic responses to an upper- and lower-body Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). Girls at 3 stages of maturity participated:, prepubertal (Pre: 8 trained (T), 10 untrained (UT)), pubertal (Pub: 9 T, 15 UT), and postpubertal (Post: 8 T, 10 UT). At all maturity stages, T exhibited higher peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) during upper-body exercise (PP: Pre, T, 163 ± 20 vs. UT, 124 ± 29; Pub, T, 230 ± 42 vs. UT, 173 ± 41; Post, T, 245 ± 41 vs. UT, 190 ± 40 W; MP: Pre, T, 130 ± 23 vs. UT, 85 ± 26; Pub, T, 184 ± 37 vs. UT, 123 ± 38; Post, T, 200 ± 30 vs. UT, 150 ± 15 W; all p < 0.05) but not lower-body exercise, whilst the fatigue index was significantly lower in T for both exercise modalities. Irrespective of maturity, the oxidative contribution, calculated by the area under the oxygen uptake response profile, was not influenced by training status. No interaction was evident between training status and maturity, with similar magnitudes of difference between T and UT at all 3 maturity stages. These results suggest that there is no maturational threshold which must be surpassed for significant influences of training status to be manifest in the “anaerobic” exercise performance of young girls.

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Wang, Jian, Guang Chen, Xuetong Li, Xujun Fu, Sujuan Li, Xiaoyuan Tao, Zhong-Hua Chen, and Shengchun Xu. "Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of a Late-Senescent Vegetable Soybean during Seed Development Provides New Insights into Degradation of Chlorophyll." Antioxidants 11, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 2480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122480.

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(1) Background: Senescence represents the final stage of plant growth and development, which transfers nutrients to growing seeds and directly affects the yield and quality of crops. However, little is known about chlorophyll degradation in developing and maturing seeds, in contrast to leaf senescence; (2) Methods: RNA-Seq was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes of different late-senescent germplasms. A widely untargeted metabolic analysis was used to analyze differential metabolites. In addition, qRT-PCR was conducted to detect gene expression levels; (3) Results: Transcriptome analysis revealed that ZX12 seeds have a higher expression level of the chlorophyll synthesis genes in the early stage of maturity, compared with ZX4, and have a lower expression level of chlorophyll degradation genes in the late stage of maturity. Flavonoids were the primary differential metabolites, and ZX12 contains the unique and highest expression of three types of metabolites, including farrerol-7-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-o-(6′-o-feruloyl) glucoside, and kaempferide-3-o-(6′-malonyl) glucoside. Among them, farrerol-7-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-o-(6′-o-feruloyl) glucoside are flavonoid derivatives containing mono and dihydroxy-B-ring chemical structures, respectively; and (4) Conclusions: It is speculated that the two metabolites can slow down the degradation process of chlorophyll by scavenging oxygen-free radicals in the chloroplast.

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Lopes, Kátia Gianlupi, Elisana Lima Rodrigues, Mariana Rodrigues da Silva Lopes, Valter Aragão do Nascimento, Arnildo Pott, Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães, Giovana Eliza Pegolo, and Karine de Cássia Freitas. "Adiposity Metabolic Consequences for Adolescent Bone Health." Nutrients 14, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 3260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14163260.

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Infancy and adolescence are crucial periods for bone health, since they are characterized by intense physical growth and bone development. The unsatisfactory acquisition of bone mass in this phase has consequences in adult life and increases the risk of developing bone diseases at more advanced ages. Nutrient deficiencies, especially calcium and vitamin D, associated with a sedentary lifestyle; lack of sun exposure; and epigenetic aspects represent some of the main risk factors for poor bone quality. In addition, recent studies relate childhood obesity to impaired bone health; however, studies on the adiposity effects on bone health are scarce and inconclusive. Another gap concerns the implications of obesity on child sexual maturity, which can jeopardize their genetic potential bone mass and increase fracture risk. Therefore, we reviewed the analyzed factors related to bone health and their association with obesity and metabolic syndrome in adolescents. We concluded that obesity (specifically, accumulated visceral fat) harms bones in the infant–juvenile phase, thereby increasing osteopenia/osteoporosis in adults and the elderly. Thus, it becomes evident that forming and maintaining healthy eating habits is necessary during infancy and adolescence to reduce the risk of fractures caused by bone-metabolic diseases in adulthood and to promote healthy ageing.

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DuBose, Katrina D., and Andrew J. McKune. "The Relationship Between Objectively Measured Physical Activity, Salivary Cortisol, and the Metabolic Syndrome Score in Girls." Pediatric Exercise Science 26, no. 3 (August 2014): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2013-0109.

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The relationship between physical activity levels, salivary cortisol, and the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) score was examined. Twenty-three girls (8.4 ± 0.9 years) had a fasting blood draw, waist circumference and blood pressure measured, and wore an ActiGraph accelerometer for 5 days. Saliva samples were collected to measure cortisol levels. Previously established cut points estimated the minutes spent in moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. A continuous MetSyn score was created from blood pressure, waist circumference, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, and glucose values. Correlation analyses examined associations between physical activity, cortisol, the MetSyn score, and its related components. Regression analysis examined the relationship between cortisol, the MetSyn score, and its related components adjusting for physical activity, percent body fat, and sexual maturity. Vigorous physical activity was positively related with 30 min post waking cortisol values. The MetSyn score was not related with cortisol values after controlling for confounders. In contrast, HDL was negatively related with 30 min post waking cortisol. Triglyceride was positively related with 30 min post waking cortisol and area under the curve. The MetSyn score and many of its components were not related to cortisol salivary levels even after adjusting for physical activity, body fat percentage, and sexual maturity.

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Esensee, V., R. Remmele, C. Stushnoff, and M. McNeil. "ENDOGENOUS PRODUCTION OF RAFFINOSE FAMILY OLIGOSACCHARIDES INCREASES DURING THE FIRST STAGES OF COLD ACCLIMATION IN SEVERAL WOODY PLANTS." HortScience 27, no. 12 (December 1992): 1263a—1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.12.1263a.

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Woody plants can be induced to cold-acclimate by exposure to sublethal low temperatures, but only after the onset of vegetative maturity. We monitored seven woody plant taxa, at monthly intervals, to determine the date of vegetative maturity, freeze-killing temperature, cell membrane electrolyte leakage, and the quantity and diversity of endogenous oligosaccharides. The freeze-killing temperature changed from -5 to -7C before vegetative maturity to -15 to -20C after vegetative maturity. There was a 10-fold increase in raffinose and about a 3-fold increase in endogenous stachyose in samples that were cold-acclimated under controlled conditions. In field samples, endogenous raffinose increased from <0.02% in August to 2% to 11% in cortical stem tissues of all cold-acclimated taxa. The tetrasaccharide stachyose increased from <0.02% to 0.25% to 2.5% for similar comparisons. None of the other sugars or polyols showed similar, consistent patterns during the onset of cold acclimation. In response to low temperature, raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) have previously been shown to increase substantially in cabbage, soybean, kidney bean, and Chlorella. RFOs also possess high water-binding characteristics and tend to enhance aqueous glass transitions. Accordingly, we hypothesize that the endogenous production of these oligosaccharides may play an important role in metabolic events associated with cryoprotection of critical cellular functions during low-temperature stress.

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Schwarzkopf, Sarah, Asako Kinoshita, Jeannette Kluess, Susanne Kersten, Ulrich Meyer, Korinna Huber, Sven Dänicke, and Jana Frahm. "Weaning Holstein Calves at 17 Weeks of Age Enables Smooth Transition from Liquid to Solid Feed." Animals 9, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9121132.

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Development of calves depends on prenatal and postnatal conditions. Primiparous cows were still maturing during pregnancy, which can lead to negative intrauterine conditions and affect the calf’s metabolism. It is hypothesized that weaning calves at higher maturity has positive effects due to reduced metabolic stress. We aimed to evaluate effects of mothers’ parity and calves’ weaning age on growth performance and blood metabolites. Fifty-nine female Holstein calves (38.8 ± 5.3 kg birth weight, about 8 days old) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with factors weaning age (7 vs. 17 weeks) and parity of mother (primiparous vs. multiparous cows). Calves were randomly assigned one of these four groups. Live weight, live weight gain and morphometry increased over time and were greater in calves weaned later. Metabolic indicators except total protein were interactively affected by time and weaning age. Leptin remained low in early-weaned calves born to primiparous cows, while it increased in the other groups. The results suggest that weaning more mature calves has a positive effect on body growth, and calves born to primiparous cows particularly benefit from this weaning regimen. It also enables a smooth transition from liquid to solid feed, which might reduce the associated stress of weaning.

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Zombardo, Alessandra, Erica Mica, Sergio Puccioni, Rita Perria, Paolo Valentini, Giovan Battista Mattii, Luigi Cattivelli, and Paolo Storchi. "Berry Quality of Grapevine under Water Stress as Affected by Rootstock–Scion Interactions through Gene Expression Regulation." Agronomy 10, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050680.

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Despite phenotypic plasticity that allows the adaptation to harsh environments, when vines experience severe abiotic stresses, they can suffer from metabolic damages affecting grape production and quality. Grafting is an affordable strategy to mitigate these negative consequences since the rootstock can increase the drought tolerance in the scion. This work explored the effects of pre-veraison water deficit on vines grafted on different rootstocks (Mgt 101-14 and 1103 Paulsen) to obtain physiological, biochemical, and molecular information about the influence on grape quality. Repeated measurements were carried out to assess vine physiology, production, technological maturity, and berry phenolic composition. qRT-PCRs were executed on berry skins at maturity to assess the expression levels of ten genes and five miRNAs involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway. Water stress caused significant alterations in grape technological maturity. The rootstock effect was not detected in primary metabolism while it was well defined in the accumulation of phenolic compounds in berries (such as anthocyanins). Finally, significant differences were identified in gene and miRNA expression between water-stressed and well-watered vines. In conclusion, the response to water stress can be modulated by rootstocks, which mainly act by regulating secondary metabolism, especially in grapes.

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Gagné, Séverine, Karine Esteve, Christelle Deytieux-Belleau, Cédric Saucier, and Laurence Geny. "Influence of abscisic acid in triggering "véraison" in grape berry skins of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet-Sauvignon." OENO One 40, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2006.40.1.882.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">Grape berry ripening is characterised by numerous metabolic and physiological changes, placed under hormonal control. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is considered as a possible promoter of « véraison », since it accumulates at this time. In order to evaluate its impact, we assess the effect of ABA on several parameters of maturity: anthocyanins synthesis, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, sugar contents, acidity and maturity index, both in untreated berry skin and in skin of berries submitted to applications of exogenous ABA. The maturation processes we focused on appear ABA-dependent, as they occured immediately after ABA accumulation in the skin. Treatment also shows a close relationship between ABA and the beginning of ripening. These results allow us to conclude that ABA content could modulate the triggering of « véraison ».</p>

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Oberbauer, A. M., A. M. Arnold, and M. L. Thonney. "Genetically size-scaled growth and composition of Dorset and Suffolk rams." Animal Science 59, no. 2 (October 1994): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100007716.

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AbstractThirty-four Dorset and 34 Suffolk rams were slaughtered in pairs within breed at birth, weaning, at monthly intervals to 420 days and then at bimonthly intervals until 600 days to compare factors used to estimate mature size and to determine how genetic size-scaling affects the comparison of body composition between breeds. At equal empty body weights there were no detectable differences between the breeds in amounts of water, protein or ash but Dorsets contained more lipid. Dorset and Suffolk asymptotic values of water (40 and 61 kg), water-plus-protein-plus-ash (51 and 77 kg), metacarpal bone length (127 and 147 mm) and metacarpal bone weight (59 and 101 g) were used to estimate mature size. Regardless of the estimator of mature size, there were no significant differences between breeds in degree of maturity at a given metabolic age. At the same degree of maturity within the estimators of mature size, there were no differences between breeds in the degree of maturity of water, protein or ash, with the exception of small differences in protein for two of the mature size indicators. Because lipid appeared to accumulate without limit in these sheep, the mature body was assumed to contain 300 g lipid per kg. Using this proportion to estimate amount of mature lipid, there was a higher degree of maturity of lipid for Suffolk than for Dorset rams at equal degrees of maturity of water, water-plus-protein-plus-ash or metacarpal bone weight. Thus, Dorsets with greater lipid content at equivalent empty body weights were leaner than Suffolks when adjusted for mature size.

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Ponomareva, Elena, Vadim Grigoriev, Marina Sorokina, Angelika Kovaleva, Peter Geraskin, and Dinara Tazhbaeva. "Estimation the influence of vitamin-mineral complex on reproductive characteristics of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.)." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127303011.

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The article provides data on the use of a complex preparation, which includes sodium selenite and tocopherol (vitamin E) in the form of injections for sterlet breeders (Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758). Obtained data confirm the ability of E-selenium to regulate metabolic processes towards the formation of reproductive tissue by optimizing them. Positive dynamics is manifested during the gametogenesis, in particular, the number of individuals with reproductive cells at the IV stage of maturity is increased.

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Beaudry, Randolph, Paul Armstrong, and Galen Brown. "703 PB 341 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRUIT ELASTICITY, INTERNAL CARBON DIOXIDE AND STANDARD MATURITY INDICES FOR APPLE FRUIT ATTACHED TO THE TREE." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 533f—533. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.533f.

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Elasticity, internal C2H4, CO2, and O2, diameter, firmness, and starch index were determined for ripening `McIntosh', `Red Delicious' and `Golden Delicious' apple fruit. Elasticity, measured by the acoustic impulse response of the apple, has previously been found to correlate with fruit firmness after harvest (Armstrong and Brown, 1992) and was studied as a possible index of apple harvest maturity because it is a rapid, non-destructive measurement that could be adapted for field use. However, elasticity did not correlate with firmness or other maturity parameters for fruit attached to the tree. Fruit temperature influenced internal gas levels, probably due to its effect on metabolic activity. An increase in the temperature-compensated internal CO2 level occurred for fruit having an elevated internal C2H4 concentration (> 0.02 μl/L), which suggested that the climacteric respiratory increase associated with ripening occurred while fruit were attached to the tree.

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Holmes, Megan E., Jim Pivarnik, Karin Pfeiffer, Kimberly S. Maier, Joey C. Eisenmann, and Martha Ewing. "The Stress-Metabolic Syndrome Relationship in Adolescents: An Examination of the Moderating Potential of Physical Activity." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, no. 10 (October 2016): 1088–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2016-0041.

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Background:The role of psychosocial stress in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome is receiving increased attention and has led to examination of whether physical activity may moderate the stress-metabolic syndrome relationship. The current study examined relationships among physical activity, stress, and metabolic syndrome in adolescents.Methods:Participants (N = 126; 57 girls, 69 boys) were assessed for anthropometry, psychosocial stress, physical activity, and metabolic syndrome variables; t tests were used to examine sex differences, and regression analysis was used to assess relationships among variables controlling for sex and maturity status.Results:Mean body mass index approached the 75th percentile for both sexes. Typical sex differences were observed for systolic blood pressure, time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity, and perceived stress. Although stress was not associated with MetS (β = –.001, P = .82), a modest, positive relationship was observed with BMI (β = .20, P = .04).Conclusions:Strong relationships between physical activity and stress with MetS or BMI were not found in this sample. Results may be partially explained by overall good physical health status of the participants. Additional research in groups exhibiting varying degrees of health is needed.

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Dieguez, Abigayil, Chen Yeh, Laura Rasmussen-Torvik, and Laura Christine Torchen. "Peripubertal Anti-Mullerian Hormone Levels Are Associated With Hyperandrogenemia During Adolescence: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A725—A726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1476.

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Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is among the most common endocrine disorders in women and is associated with negative reproductive and metabolic outcomes including subfertility, pregnancy complications, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. The diagnosis of PCOS cannot be made until reproductive maturity, when the diagnostic criteria of hyperandrogenemia and oligomenorrhea develop. However, studies have described early metabolic and reproductive characteristics of the disorder in girls at increased risk, suggesting the pathogenesis starts much earlier. Indeed, studies in animal models suggest that exposure to excessive androgen or anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels during critical developmental periods can program the offspring to develop the metabolic and reproductive features of PCOS during reproductive maturity. We investigated early maternal or peripubertal factors associated with hyperandrogenemia during adolescence using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a United Kingdom birth cohort which has been ongoing since 1991. We performed linear regression to test for an association of testosterone levels at 15 years with peripubertal reproductive and metabolic phenotypes and with maternal measures of insulin sensitivity. Peripubertal phenotypes included AMH levels at 7, 9, and 11 years, and androstenedione, DHEAS, SHBG, IGF-1, fasting insulin, QUICKI, post-glucose insulin, leptin and adiponectin at age 8 years. Maternal phenotypes included fasting insulin levels and QUICKI at a post-partum visit. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses including the covariates pubertal stage, ethnicity, maternal and daughter BMI were performed. Testosterone levels at age 15 years were significantly positively associated with AMH levels at ages 7(N=299), 9(N=295), and 11(N=300) years in both the adjusted and unadjusted models (Age 7 unadjusted P<0.0001, adjusted P=0.01; Age 9 unadjusted P<0.0001, adjusted P=0.003; Age 11 unadjusted P<0.0001, adjusted P=0.02). Testosterone at age 15 years was also associated with DHEAS at age 8 years using the unadjusted (P<0.0001) but not the adjusted model. There was no significant association between any of the other peripubertal metabolic and reproductive phenotypes or the maternal metabolic phenotypes of fasting insulin and QUICKI with testosterone level at age 15 years. We have found a persistent and significant positive association of AMH levels at pre- or peri-pubertal ages with testosterone levels during adolescence, a developmental stage at which a clinical diagnosis of PCOS can be made. It remains unclear if this early elevation in AMH contributes to the pathogenesis of hyperandrogenemia or is an early marker of PCOS. Nonetheless, these findings suggest there are early differences in the reproductive phenotype in girls with hyperandrogenemia, even before the onset of puberty.

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Chen, Jianping, Pui H. Chan, Candy T. W. Lam, Zhonggui Li, Kelly Y. C. Lam, Ping Yao, Tina T. X. Dong, Huangquan Lin, Henry Lam, and Karl W. K. Tsim. "Fruit of Ziziphus jujuba (Jujube) at Two Stages of Maturity: Distinction by Metabolic Profiling and Biological Assessment." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 63, no. 2 (January 12, 2015): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf5041564.

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Larotonda, Fábio Donato Soares, Aziza Kamal Genena, Daniela Dantela, Hugo Moreira Soares, João Borges Laurindo, Regina Fátima Peralta Muniz Moreira, and Sandra Regina Salvador Ferreira. "Study of banana (Musa aaa Cavendish cv Nanica) trigger ripening for small scale process." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 51, no. 5 (October 2008): 1033–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132008000500021.

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The present work focuse on the impact of O2, CO2 and ethylene concentrations on ripening rate control of bananas as a contribution for the development of domestic equipments that could allow the user to drive the fruit shelf live. It represented the adjustment of metabolic activity rates in order to manage the maturity process. Ripening variables such as ethylene and CO2 concentrations and temperature were adjusted to accelerate or slow down the process, while the maturity degree was monitored through the physical and chemical parameters and sensorial analysis. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of these parameters to manage the banana ripening. The optimum temperature was at 25 ÂºC of storage. The presence of oxygen, CO2 withdraws and ethylene injection were relevant for the ripening process. The "ready-to-eat" quality was achieved in 6 days in confined system. The use of ethylene as trigger was adequate to accelerate the ripening process with advantages in fruit color.

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Magalhães, João Pedro de, Joana Costa, and George M. Church. "An Analysis of the Relationship Between Metabolism, Developmental Schedules, and Longevity Using Phylogenetic Independent Contrasts." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 62, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/62.2.149.

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AbstractComparative studies of aging are often difficult to interpret because of the different factors that tend to correlate with longevity. We used the AnAge database to study these factors, particularly metabolism and developmental schedules, previously associated with longevity in vertebrate species. Our results show that, after correcting for body mass and phylogeny, basal metabolic rate does not correlate with longevity in eutherians or birds, although it negatively correlates with marsupial longevity and time to maturity. We confirm the idea that age at maturity is typically proportional to adult life span, and show that mammals that live longer for their body size, such as bats and primates, also tend to have a longer developmental time for their body size. Lastly, postnatal growth rates were negatively correlated with adult life span in mammals but not in birds. Our work provides a detailed view of factors related to species longevity with implications for how comparative studies of aging are interpreted.

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Gunderson, D. R. "Trade-off between reproductive effort and adult survival in oviparous and viviparous fishes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 990–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-019.

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An interspecific analysis of life history characteristics for 28 stocks of fish showed that age at maturity ( alpha ), natural mortality (M), and reproductive effort (gonadosomatic index, GSI) were weakly (r2 = 0.18-0.33) but significantly correlated with body size. Viviparity was associated with reduced reproductive effort, reduced age at maturity, and low M relative to oviparous species of a corresponding size. The allometric relationships of alpha , M, and GSI with Linf showed a high degree of scatter but were in agreement with predictions from models based on metabolic and ecological constraints on assimilation rate. In addition, however, residuals around the GSI-Linf and M-Linf relationships showed a strong positive correlation (r2 = 0.64), consistent with previous intraspecific manipulation experiments that indicated that reproductive effort and M are genetically linked. A strong positive correlation (r2 = 0.75) was found between GSI and M, and this relationship did not differ significantly between oviparous and viviparous species.

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McNarry, Melitta A., Joanne R. Welsman, and Andrew M. Jones. "Influence of training and maturity status on the cardiopulmonary responses to ramp incremental cycle and upper body exercise in girls." Journal of Applied Physiology 110, no. 2 (February 2011): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00988.2010.

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It has been suggested that the potential for training to alter the physiological responses to exercise in children is related to a “maturational threshold”. To address this, we investigated the interaction of swim-training status and maturity on cardiovascular and metabolic responses to lower and upper body exercise. Twenty-one prepubertal [Pre: 11 trained (T), 10 untrained (UT)], 30 pubertal (Pub: 14 T, 16 UT), and 18 postpubertal (Post: 8 T, 10 UT) girls completed ramp incremental exercise on a cycle and an upper body ergometer. In addition to pulmonary gas exchange measurements, stroke volume and cardiac output were estimated by thoracic bioelectrical impedance, and muscle oxygenation status was assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy. All T girls had a higher peak O2 uptake during cycle (Pre: T 49 ± 5 vs. UT 40 ± 4; Pub: T 46 ± 5 vs. UT 36 ± 4; Post: T 48 ± 5 vs. UT 39 ± 8 ml·kg−1·min−1; all P < 0.05) and upper body exercise (Pre: T 37 ± 6 vs. UT 32 ± 5; Pub: T 36 ± 5 vs. UT 28 ± 5; Post: T 39 ± 3 vs. UT 28 ± 7 ml·kg−1·min−1; all P < 0.05). T girls also had a higher peak cardiac output during both modalities, and this reached significance in Pub (cycle: T 21 ± 3 vs. UT 18 ± 3; upper body: T 20 ± 4 vs. UT 15 ± 4 l/min; all P < 0.05) and Post girls (cycle: T 21 ± 4 vs. UT 17 ± 2; upper body: T 22 ± 3 vs. UT 18 ± 2 l/min; all P < 0.05). None of the measured pulmonary, cardiovascular, or metabolic parameters interacted with maturity, and the magnitude of the difference between T and UT girls was similar, irrespective of maturity stage. These results challenge the notion that differences in training status in young people are only evident once a maturational threshold has been exceeded.

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Cunningham, Cody Alan, and Pamela J. Fink. "Impaired metabolic reprograming in antigen-activated recent thymic emigrants." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2016): 204.29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.204.29.

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Abstract Recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) are the youngest peripheral T cells that have completed thymic selection and egress to the lymphoid periphery. However, T cell maturation does not end in the thymus; rather, RTEs require 2 – 3 weeks in the lymphoid periphery to achieve functional maturity and enter the mature but naïve (MN) T cell pool. Following antigen encounter, RTEs are functionally distinct from MN T cells as they exhibit dampened proliferation, altered cytokine production, and increased expression of some anergy-associated genes. RTEs are a clinically important population as these cells contribute significantly to the T cell pool in neonates and adults recovering from HIV infection or chemotherapy. Here we show that, compared to MN T cells, RTEs are impaired in their ability to switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis following antigenic stimulation. This impaired metabolic reprograming contributes to the reduced proliferation and cytokine production observed in antigen-activated RTEs. This failure to undergo antigen-induced metabolic reprograming is associated with reduced expression of the transcription factor Myc. Critically, high levels of IL-2 are able to rescue the expression of Myc in RTEs resulting in proper metabolic reprograming that mimics their mature counterparts. These results suggest that an altered metabolic phenotype underlies the functional differences observed between RTEs and MN T cells and highlights a novel point for therapeutic intervention for neonates and individuals recovering from lymphoablation.

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Oppong, Abel K., Kadidia Diallo, Isabelle Robillard Frayne, Christine Des Rosiers, and Gareth E. Lim. "Reducing 14-3-3ζ expression influences adipocyte maturity and impairs function." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 319, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): E117—E132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00093.2020.

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One of the primary metabolic functions of a mature adipocyte is to supply energy via lipolysis, or the catabolism of stored lipids. Adipose triacylglycerol lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) are critical lipolytic enzymes, and their phosphorylation generates phospho-binding sites for 14-3-3 proteins, a ubiquitously expressed family of molecular scaffolds. Although we previously identified essential roles of the 14-3-3ζ isoform in murine adipogenesis, the presence of 14-3-3 protein binding sites on ATGL and HSL suggests that 14-3-3ζ could also influence mature adipocyte processes like lipolysis. Here we demonstrate that 14-3-3ζ is necessary for lipolysis in male mice and fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, as depletion of 14-3-3ζ significantly impaired glycerol and free fatty acid (FFA) release. Unexpectedly, reducing 14-3-3ζ expression was found to significantly impact adipocyte maturity, as observed by reduced abundance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ2 protein and expression of mature adipocyte genes and those associated with de novo triglyceride synthesis and lipolysis. The impact of 14-3-3ζ depletion on adipocyte maturity was further examined with untargeted lipidomics, which revealed that reductions in 14-3-3ζ abundance promoted the acquisition of a lipidomic signature that resembled undifferentiated preadipocytes. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel aspect of 14-3-3ζ in adipocytes, as reducing 14-3-3ζ was found to have a negative effect on adipocyte maturity and adipocyte-specific processes like lipolysis.

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Shakooryi, S. M., E. Abdi Ghezeljeh, M. Danesh Mesgaran, and S. A. Mirghelenj. "The effect of different lightning programs on reproductive performance of native turkeys." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200030714.

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Lighting is very important for turkey production, because their life period is longer than poultry (Nixey 1994). One of the important effects of lighting is to change the time of sexual maturity in pullets. Classen et al. (1994) concluded that constant light causes an increase incidence of leg problem and metabolic disorders. With lighting programs and lighting intensity, time of sexual maturation can be modified. Because there is little information about lighting programs in native turkey production in Iran, the aim of this research is determining the best lighting program for native turkey production.

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Francini, Lorenzo, Ermanno Rampinini, Andrea Bosio, Darragh Connolly, Domenico Carlomagno, and Carlo Castagna. "Association Between Match Activity, Endurance Levels and Maturity in Youth Football Players." International Journal of Sports Medicine 40, no. 09 (July 4, 2019): 576–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0938-5431.

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AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine the associations between maximal and submaximal field tests with match physical activity and biological maturation in youth football players. Sixty-eight youth football players (U14, U15, U16, U17) performed maximal and submaximal field endurance tests. Biological maturity was estimated calculating the distance from peak height velocity (Y-PHV). Physical match activities were tracked using GPS units and players’ post-match rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded. Mainly moderate associations were found between field tests and match activities. Large correlations were found between Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test level 1, distance covered at high and very high-speed running, the quantity of very high and maximal metabolic power running. Small to moderate associations between match activities and Y-PHV were observed. The magnitude of correlation between match activities and field tests increased from moderate to large when matches with an RPE>5 were considered. The results provide further evidence of the association between young football players’ aerobic performance and match work rate. Submaximal field tests demonstrate ecological validity and may constitute a practical alternative to performing maximal tests. Maturation was found to have a moderate effect on youth players’ match work rate.

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Checcucci, A., D. Luise, M. Modesto, F. Correa, P. Bosi, P. Mattarelli, and Paolo Trevisi. "Assessment of Biolog EcoplateTM method for functional metabolic diversity of aerotolerant pig fecal microbiota." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 105, no. 14-15 (July 23, 2021): 6033–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11449-x.

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Abstract In the last decades, gut microbiota and its role in mammal host development and health have been increasingly investigated. Metabolites produced by gut microbiota can affect intestinal homeostasis and immune system maturity and activation, and in turn, they can influence the health and growth performance of livestock. Therefore, a better understanding of the functional metabolic capability of the gut microbiota would be appreciated by the scientific community. In this study, the BiologTM Ecoplates technology was applied for studying the metabolic potential of the aerotolerant microbial community of pig fecal samples, evaluating the interference of different storage conditions and cell concentrations. The length of time for which a fecal sample maintained detectable and unchanged microbial metabolic activity was also investigated. Two assays aimed to evaluate differences in the metabolic activities between fresh and snap-frozen fecal samples at different dilutions and at different lengths of times of preservation at −80°C were carried out. The biodiversity and the predicted functionality of the entire bacterial community through a targeted metagenomic approach were also explored. The results highlighted that snap freezing of fecal samples preserved the metabolic activity of the microbial community when compared to fresh feces. Sample storage at −80 °C did not significantly affect the metabolic activity of the microbial community, which was stable for 150 days. Furthermore, the highest metabolic activity was detected with 1:2 to 1:5 dilutions of the stock suspension. BiologTM Ecoplates technology is a rapid and useful method to explore microbial communities’ metabolism in animal fecal samples contributing to investigate host animal physiology. Key points • Freezing of samples can preserve the functional activity of the aerotolerant microbial community for 150 days. • The concentration of microbial cells strongly influences metabolic activity detection. • Sequencing coupled with the BiologTMEcoplates could be a strategy to evaluate the metabolic potential of the microbiota of the fecal sample. Graphical abstract

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Parrett, Anne L., Rudy J. Valentine, Sigurbjörn Á. Arngrímsson, Darla M. Castelli, and Ellen M. Evans. "Adiposity and aerobic fitness are associated with metabolic disease risk in children." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, no. 1 (January 2011): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h10-083.

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To examine the relative association of physical activity, cardiorespiratroy fitness (CRF), and adiposity with risk for metabolic disease in prepubescent children. Forty-six prepubescent children (age, 9.4 ± 1.7 years; 24 males) were assessed for adiposity (%fat) via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, CRF with a peak graded exercise test, and physical activity using pedometers. Metabolic disease risk was assessed by a composite score of the following factors: waist circumference (WC), mean arterial pressure (MAP), triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C ratio), glucose, and insulin. Adiposity was correlated with metabolic disease risk score, as well as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), TAG, TC/HDL-C ratio, WC, insulin, and MAP (r range = 0.33 to 0.95, all p < 0.05). Physical activity was negatively associated with metabolic disease risk score, as well as HOMA-IR, TAG, WC, insulin, and MAP (r range = –0.32 to –0.49, all p < 0.05). CRF was inversely associated with metabolic disease risk score and HOMA-IR, TAG, TC/HDL-C ratio, WC, insulin, and MAP (r range = –0.32 to –0.63, all p < 0.05). Compared across fitness–physical activity and fatness groups, the low-fit–high-fat and the low-activity–high-fat groups had higher metabolic risk scores than both low-fat groups. Regression analyses revealed sexual maturity (β = 0.27, p = 0.044) and %fat (β = 0.49, p = 0.005) were the only independent predictors of metabolic disease risk score, explaining 4.7% and 9.5% of the variance, respectively. Adiposity appears to be an influential factor for metabolic disease risk in prepubescent children, and fitness is protective against metabolic disease risk in the presence of high levels of adiposity.

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Miller, D. R., R. B. Jackson, D. Blache, and J. R. Roche. "Metabolic maturity at birth and neonate lamb survival and growth: The effects of maternal low-dose dexamethasone treatment." Journal of Animal Science 87, no. 10 (June 19, 2009): 3167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-1825.

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Arnold, Pieter A., Phillip Cassey, and Craig R. White. "Maturity matters for movement and metabolic rate: trait dynamics across the early adult life of red flour beetles." Animal Behaviour 111 (January 2016): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.10.023.

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Velasco-Fernández, Raúl, Laura Pérez-Sánchez, Lei Chen, and Mario Giampietro. "A becoming China and the assisted maturity of the EU: Assessing the factors determining their energy metabolic patterns." Energy Strategy Reviews 32 (November 2020): 100562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2020.100562.

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King, Pamela S., Cynthia A. Berg, Jonathan Butner, Linda M. Drew, Carol Foster, David Donaldson, Mary Murray, Michael Swinyard, and Deborah J. Wiebe. "Longitudinal Trajectories of Metabolic Control Across Adolescence: Associations With Parental Involvement, Adolescents' Psychosocial Maturity, and Health Care Utilization." Journal of Adolescent Health 50, no. 5 (May 2012): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.09.007.

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Rupert, Cassady E., and Kareen L. K. Coulombe. "IGF1 and NRG1 Enhance Proliferation, Metabolic Maturity, and the Force-Frequency Response in hESC-Derived Engineered Cardiac Tissues." Stem Cells International 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7648409.

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Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and neuregulin-1β (NRG1) play important roles during cardiac development both individually and synergistically. In this study, we analyze how 3D cardiac tissue engineered from human embryonic stem cell- (hESC-) derived cardiomyocytes and 2D-plated hESC-cardiomyocytes respond to developmentally relevant growth factors both to stimulate maturity and to characterize the therapeutic potential of IGF1 and NRG1. When administered to engineered cardiac tissues, a significant decrease in active force production of ~65% was measured in all treatment groups, likely due to changes in cellular physiology. Developmentally related processes were identified in engineered tissues as IGF1 increased hESC-cardiomyocyte proliferation 3-fold over untreated controls and NRG1 stimulated oxidative phosphorylation and promoted a positive force-frequency relationship in tissues up to 3 Hz. hESC-cardiomyocyte area increased significantly with NRG1 and IGF1 + NRG1 treatment in 2D culture and gene expression data suggested increased cardiac contractile components in engineered tissues, indicating the need for functional analysis in a 3D platform to accurately characterize engineered cardiac tissue response to biochemical stimulation. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of IGF1 for boosting proliferation and NRG1 for promoting metabolic and contractile maturation in engineered human cardiac tissue.

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Fu, Junling, Tong Wang, Jieying Liu, Xiaojing Wang, Ming Li, and Xinhua Xiao. "Birthweight correlates with later metabolic abnormalities in Chinese patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2." Endocrine 65, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12020-019-01929-6.

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Hu, Xiaojuan, Haochang Su, Peng Zhang, Zuozhi Chen, Yu Xu, Wujie Xu, Jie Li, Guoliang Wen, and Yucheng Cao. "Microbial Community Structure and Metabolic Characteristics of Intestine and Gills of Dwarf-Form Populations of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in South China Sea." Fishes 7, no. 4 (August 4, 2022): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7040191.

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Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis is an important biological resource in the South China Sea. However, the microbiological characteristics of this squid, especially those of the dwarf-form, are poorly understood. This study was conducted to analyze the microbial community structure and metabolic characteristics of the intestinal and gill tissues of dwarf-form populations of S. oualaniensis. The dwarf-form squids of different sexes and gonadal maturities were collected from South China Sea in spring 2020. Results showed that Mycoplasma was the most dominant group of bacteria in the intestinal samples of the females with immature gonads (FN), females at sexual maturity (FY), and males at sexual maturity (MY) and the second-highest relative abundance group in males with immature gonads (MN). The microbial community structure in squid gills differed from that of intestinal flora. The BD1-7 clade was the dominant genus in gill samples of all groups. Furthermore, the microbial community activities in gills were higher than in intestinal groups, especially FYG. The larger dwarf-form populations had microbial communities with more robust utilization of carbon sources, assessed via average well color development (AWCD). Correlation and redundancy analysis determined that AWCD significantly positively correlated with the relative abundance of BD1-7 clade (p < 0.05). The results indicated that the dominant group of bacteria and microbial community structure were different between the intestinal and gill microbial communities in the dwarf-form S. oualaniensis populations of different sexes and maturities. Moreover, the metabolic potential of the gill microbial community was higher than that of the intestinal microbial community in the dwarf-form populations.

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von Krogh, Kristine, Gunnveig Toft Bjørndal, Rasoul Nourizadeh-Lillabadi, Kjetil Hodne, Erik Ropstad, Trude M. Haug, and Finn-Arne Weltzien. "Sex steroids differentially regulate fshb, lhb and gnrhr expression in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)." Reproduction 154, no. 5 (November 2017): 581–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-17-0208.

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Depending on the stage of gonad maturation, as well as other factors, gonadal steroids can exert either a positive or negative feedback at the brain and pituitary level. While this has been demonstrated in many teleost species, little is known about the nature of steroid feedback in Gadiform fish. Using an optimized in vitro model system of the Atlantic cod pituitary, the present study investigated the potential effects of two physiologically relevant doses of estradiol, testosterone (TS) or dihydrotestosterone (DHTS) on cell viability and gene expression of gonadotropin subunits (fshb/lhb) and two suggested reproduction-relevant gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (gnrhr1b/gnrhr2a) during three stages of sexual maturity. In general, all steroids stimulated cell viability in terms of metabolic activity and membrane integrity. Furthermore, all steroids affected fshb expression, with the effect depending on both the specific steroid, dose and maturity status. Conversely, only DHTS exposure affected lhb levels, and this occurred only during the spawning season. Using single-cell qPCR, co-transcription of gnrhr1b and gnrhr2a was confirmed to both fshb- and lhb- expressing gonadotropes, with gnrhr2a being the most prominently expressed isoform. While steroid exposure had no effect on gnrhr1b expression, all steroids affected gnrhr2a transcript levels in at least one maturity stage. These and previous results from our group point to Gnrhr2a as the main modulator of gonadotropin regulation in cod and that regulation of its gene expression level might function as a direct mechanism for steroid feedback at the pituitary level.

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Santos, Fernanda Karina dos, Thayse Natacha Queiroz Ferreira Gomes, Michele Caroline de Souza, Raquel Nichele Chaves, Daniel Monteiro de Vilhena Santos, Sara Isabel Sampaio Pereira, Alessandra Da Silva Borges, and José António Ribeiro Maia. "Physical activity, BMI and metabolic risk in Portuguese adolescents." Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance 18, no. 1 (March 16, 2016): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n1p103.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n1p103 It has been reported, in the last decades, a significant decrease in physical activity (PA) levels, with a consequent increase in obesity and metabolic risk factors among youth. The aims of this study were to describe PA levels, the prevalence of overweight/obesity and metabolic risk factors, and to examine the association between PA and body mass index (BMI) with metabolic risk among Portuguese youth. The sample comprises 212 Portuguese adolescents (12-16 years old). Height and weight were measured. PA was estimated with the Bouchard questionnaire (3 days recall), as well as with the use of a pedometer (used for 5 consecutive days). Metabolic risk factors comprised fasting glucose, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and waist circumference. Subjects were classified as normal weight, overweight or obese according to BMI; the maturational status was indirectly estimated with the maturity offset procedure. A continuous metabolic risk score was computed (zMR) and PA values were divided into tertiles. Qui-square test, t-test and ANOVA were used in statistical analyses. SPSS 18.0 and WinPepi softwares were used and p<0.05. A moderate to high prevalence of overweight/obesity and HDL-cholesterol was found, as well as a high prevalence of high blood pressure and low to moderate PA levels among Portuguese youth. The relationship between BMI and zMR showed that obese adolescents have higher zMR when compared to normal weight or overweight adolescents. This finding suggests that increased levels of PA and reduction in the prevalence of overweight/obesity may have a positive role against the development of metabolic risk factors.

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Miller, D. R., D. Blache, R. B. Jackson, E. F. Downie, and J. R. Roche. "Metabolic maturity at birth and neonate lamb survival: Association among maternal factors, litter size, lamb birth weight, and plasma metabolic and endocrine factors on survival and behavior1." Journal of Animal Science 88, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2170.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Metabolic maturity'

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