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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Metabolic depression'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Muir, Timothy J. "Mechanisms and phylogenetic breadth of urea-induced hypometabolism." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1247688904.

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2

Tweedy, Maureen P. "Metabolic Syndrome and Psychosocial Factors." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11005/.

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Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of risk factors, including abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high fasting glucose, that commonly cluster together and can result in cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the components that comprise the syndrome vary by age and by racial/ethnic group. In addition, previous research has indicated that the risk factors contributing to metabolic syndrome may be exacerbated by exposure to perceived stress. This study utilized data from the 2002, 2004, and 2006 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data sets. It was hypothesized that depression and anxiety (conceptualized as stress in this study) increase the risk of presenting with metabolic syndrome while social support decreases the risk of metabolic syndrome. While results of cross-sectional analysis do not indicate a significant relationship between depression and metabolic syndrome (t = -.84, ns), longitudinal analysis does indicate a significant relationship between depression and metabolic syndrome over time (t = -5.20, p <.001). However, anxiety is not significantly related to metabolic syndrome when the relationship is examined through cross-sectional analysis (t = -1.51, ns) and longitudinal analysis (χ² = 13.83, ns). Similarly, social support is not significantly related to metabolic syndrome when examined in cross-sectional (χ² = .63, ns) and longitudinal (t = 1.53, ns) analysis. Although level of stress is not significantly related to metabolic syndrome as a whole, there is a significant relationship between stress and both triglyceride level (t = -2.94, p = .003) and blood glucose level (t = -3.26, p = .001).
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Tweedy, Maureen P. Guarnaccia Charles Anthony. "Metabolic syndrome and psychosocial factors." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-11005.

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4

Bishop, T. "Living at a snail's pace : the cellular basis of metabolic depression." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596665.

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The garden snail Helix aspersa depresses its metabolic rate in response to desiccation (termed aestivation), as well as in response to reduced oxygen tension (termed oxygen conformation). This depression persists in cells isolated from the hepatopancreas of snails, thereby providing a good model system for analysing the cellular basis of metabolic depression. Isolated hepatopancreas cells were used to assess the contributions of various cellular processes (non-mitochondrial and mitochondrial respiration, and, within mitochondrial respiration, substrate oxidation and respiration to drive proton leak and ATP turnover) to metabolic depression seen during oxygen conformation and aestivation. Non-mitochondrial respiration accounts for a large proportion (~50%) of metabolic rate at physiological oxygen tensions, and it is solely responsible for the oxygen conforming behaviour of the cells. Both non-mitochondrial and mitochondrial respiration, however, decrease in aestivation. This decrease in mitochondrial respiration is not caused by differences in mitochondrial volume or inner membrane surface density but is associated with other intrinsic changes in the mitochondria (decrease in the activities of the mitochondrial enzymes citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase). Within mitochondrial respiration, the activity of substrate oxidation and probably ATP turnover, but not the activity of proton leak, decrease during aestivation. At least 75% of the total response of mitochondrial respiration to aestivation is due to primary changes in the kinetics of substrate oxidation, with only 25% or less of the response occurring through primary effects on ATP turnover. The primary change in the activity of substrate oxidation resulted in a lower mitochondrial membrane potential in hepatopancreas cells from aestivating compared to active snails, leading to secondary decreases in respiration to drive ATP turnover and proton leak.
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5

Wang, Yijie, and 王怡洁. "Associations among type A and type D personalities, metabolicsyndrome, and anxiety/depression." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849496.

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Background Metabolic syndrome refers to a cluster of metabolic dysfunctions denoting a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. The key risk factors include insulin resistance and obesity. In recent decades psychological factors, including Type A personality, Type D personality, anxiety, and depression, have been found to be additional risk factors of metabolic syndrome. As people‘s behaviours and personalities are often influenced by cultural values, it would seem to be necessary to examine the associations between Type A and Type D personalities and metabolic syndrome within the context of culture. This study specifically examines the issue in the context of Chinese culture. In addition, people with Type A personality who tend to feel impatience or time urgency, anger or hostility, and competitiveness, were reported to be positively associated with anxiety. People with Type D personality who would easily have negative affectivity and social inhibition were reported to be positively associated with anxiety as well as depression. Therefore, anxiety or depression might have an effect on the associations between Type A and Type D personalities. However, to my best knowledge, no previous studies have examined the associations among Type A and Type D personalities, metabolic syndrome, and anxiety/depression. Objective This study examines associations among Type A and Type D personalities, metabolic syndrome, and anxiety/depression. It includes: 1) validating the Chinese versions of the Type A personality scale (Adolescent/Adult Type A Behaviour Scale, AATABS-3) and Type D personality scale (DS-14); 2) assessing the associations between Type A and Type D personalities with metabolic syndrome; 3) investigating the associations between anxiety/depression and metabolic syndrome; 4) measuring the association between Type A personality and anxiety; 5) testing the association between Type D personality and anxiety, as well as depression; and 6) determining the associations among Type A and Type D personalities, metabolic syndrome, and anxiety/depression. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted on a random community sample of 741 adults in Hong Kong recruited by cluster sampling. Participants meeting the screening criteria of metabolic syndrome were offered further physical examination for confirming the diagnosis. Results For the Chinese version AATABS-3 scale (revised-AATABS-3), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) produced an 11-item 3-factor solution. The three factors were: 1) impatience/time urgency; 2) hostility/anger; and 3) competitiveness. The revised-AATABS-3 scale showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach‘s alpha = 0.74). For the Chinese version DS-14 scale (revised-DS-14), EFA provided a 10-item 2-factor solution. The two factors were: negative affectivity and social inhibition. The revised-DS-14 scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach‘s alpha = 0.90). Gender differences appeared in the associations between Type A and Type D personalities and metabolic syndrome. In the total population and female participants, there were no significant associations between Type A personality and metabolic syndrome. However, male participants with Type A personality were positively associated with metabolic syndrome. In the total participants, there were no significant associations between Type D personality and metabolic syndrome. However, female participants with Type D personality were positively associated with metabolic syndrome; whereas male participants with Type D personality were negatively associated with metabolic syndrome. Anxiety affected the association between Type A personality and metabolic syndrome in males only, whereas it affected the association between Type D personality and metabolic syndrome both in females and males. Depression affected the association between Type D personality and metabolic syndrome both in females and males. Conclusion and Discussion The revised-AATABS-3 and revised-DS-14 scales showed satisfactory psychometric properties. They might be more convenient and acceptable than the original scales for measuring Type A and Type D personalities in future research. Since EFA was a preliminary method for scale validation, further validation studies for these two scales are needed, for examples, on concurrent and discriminant validity. Gender differences occurred in the associations between Type A and Type D personalities and metabolic syndrome. The key findings were: *Type A personality was a risk factor of metabolic syndrome in male participants. *Type D personality was a risk factor of metabolic syndrome in female participants, but it exhibited a protective effect for preventing metabolic syndrome in male participants. *Anxiety played a protective effect in the associations between Type A and Type D personalities and metabolic syndrome in male participants. *Depression had a protective effect on Type D personality for developing metabolic syndrome in female participants, and it reduced the protective effect of Type D personality for preventing metabolic syndrome in male participants. The results of this study may give directions to future studies pursuing further investigations on metabolic syndrome, particularly in regard to personality traits, lifestyles, mental health issues, and coping strategies in cultural and social contexts, as well as gender differences related to the endocrine system.
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6

Silveira, Lilian Cristina da. "Reorganização estrutural e metabólica do tecido cardíaco associada à dormência e jejum sazonal em lagartos teiú Tupinambis merianae." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-13052011-100148/.

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O coração é um órgão notável por sua flexibilidade estrutural e metabólica em resposta a variações de demanda. Na dormência sazonal, a interrupção da alimentação, associada à inatividade física e à acentuada redução da frequência cardíaca, ocasiona uma inibição da demanda sobre a função do órgão e, provavelmente, uma reorganização estrutural e metabólica do tecido cardíaco. Estes aspectos foram investigados ao longo do ciclo anual de atividades em lagartos teiú Tupinambis merianae, com o objetivo de examinar as alterações de capacidade funcional cardíaca dadas por ajustes da massa, estrutura e composição do tecido, por regulação do fluxo de substratos energéticos em vias de produção de energia e por mudanças da composição de ácidos graxos dos fosfolipídios das membranas. Grupos de animais jovens foram mortos em diferentes fases do primeiro ciclo anual e após 20 dias de jejum na fase ativa e o ventrículo cardíaco foi removido e pesado. Um fragmento da parede ventricular foi retirado, transferido para fixador e utilizado posteriormente para a confecção de cortes histológicos de 10 μm de espessura que foram analisados utilizando-se método estereológico. O restante do tecido ventricular foi congelado em N2 líquido e conservado em freezer -80 ºC. Os teores de água, proteína total e solúvel e lipídio total foram medidos por meio de ensaios padrão; as atividades máximas de enzimas foram medidas por espectrofotometria em condições saturantes de substratos e cofatores; e o perfil de ácidos graxos dos lipídios neutros e polares foi determinado por cromatografia gasosa. No início do outono, a massa ventricular relativa é 0,16% e aumenta 31% até o final desta fase, quando o miocárdio esponjoso possui aspecto denso e poucos espaços lacunares que ocupam cerca de 8% da área total do corte. Este arranjo é mantido na dormência, quando a massa ventricular relativa aumenta 29% em relação ao final do outono, e no início do despertar, quando a massa ventricular relativa diminui para valores semelhantes aos do final do outono. Após a retomada da alimentação, a massa ventricular relativa volta a exibir uma porcentagem comparável a da dormência, juntamente com um pequeno aumento da área de lacunas no miocárdio esponjoso. Na primavera, a massa ventricular relativa é de 0,24% e o miocárdio esponjoso possui aspecto extremamente reticulado, com 29% da área total do corte ocupada por espaços lacunares. Animais ativos submetidos a jejum apresentam redução de 19% da massa ventricular relativa em relação a animais alimentados. A densidade numérica de cardiomiócitos na camada esponjosa é 37% menor na dormência em relação à atividade de primavera, resultando em um volume calculado de um cardiomiócito nesta fase 52% maior em relação à atividade de primavera. A análise do teor de água, proteínas totais e solúveis não indica variação ao longo do ciclo anual, com exceção de uma tendência ao aumento do teor de água na dormência e de uma tendência à redução do teor de proteínas solúveis após o despertar e ingestão de água e no grupo de animais ativos submetidos ao jejum. Na atividade de outono e dormência de inverno a concentração de proteínas miofibrilares é reduzida em relação à atividade de primavera e aumenta no início do despertar após a ingestão de água. A concentração de lipídios totais é menor na dormência e despertar em relação à atividade de outono e no grupo de animais submetidos a jejum em relação a animais alimentados. As enzimas glicolíticas PK e LDH não variam ao longo do ciclo anual, enquanto a CS, indicadora da capacidade aeróbia, exibe forte tendência ao aumento na dormência, e a HOAD, enzima da β-oxidação lipídica, encontra-se inibida na dormência e no despertar em relação ao outono. Em contraste, com exceção da LDH que também não varia, a PK e a CS diminuem, enquanto que a HOAD é mantida constante após jejum na fase ativa. As variações do perfil de ácidos graxos da fração lipídica neutra sugerem que ácidos graxos insaturados são preferencialmente mobilizados das reservas do miocárdio durante a dormência e início do despertar, enquanto que no jejum durante a fase ativa as diferentes classes de ácidos graxos são equitativamente mobilizadas. A composição de ácidos graxos da fração lipídica polar exibe uma notável constância ao longo do ciclo anual, sugerindo que os ajustes à dormência sazonal não afetam de modo abrangente os fosfolipídios do tecido cardíaco e, portanto, não sugerem um papel preponderante de mudanças da composição lipídica das membranas na regulação metabólica sazonal nos teiús. Além disso, o contraste em relação às alterações observadas em mamíferos hibernantes sugere que, nestes, os ajustes seriam mais relacionados com a adaptação às baixas temperaturas corpóreas típicas da hibernação. A análise de regressão indica uma variação do conteúdo dos ácidos graxos C18:1n-9, C22:5n-6 e C22:6n-3 em função da massa corpórea dos jovens teiús e as mudanças do padrão alométrico sugerem uma relação entre o conteúdo destes ácidos graxos e as diferenças de taxa metabólica em animais de diferentes massas corpóreas, observadas em determinadas fases do ciclo anual de atividades e após o jejum durante a fase ativa.
The structural and metabolic flexibility of cardiac response to a variable physiological demand is notable. During seasonal dormancy, interruption of feeding together with inactivity and reduced heart beating, cause a large decrease of demand which probably brings about structural and metabolic heart tissue reorganization. These aspects were studied during the annual cycle in young tegu lizards Tupinambis merianae to investigate the hypothesis of seasonal changes of the heart capacities given by adjustments of tissue mass, structure and composition, by regulation of flux of substrates in the pathways of energy production, and by changes in the composition of fatty acids of tissue membranes. Groups of animals were killed in selected phases during the first year cycle of young tegus and after a 20 days fasting period during spring activity. Heart ventricle was removed and weighed and a tissue sample was collected and transfered to fixative solution, being used to obtain tissue slices of 10μm width for histological analysis with stereological tools. The remaining tissue was cut and split into aliquots, frozen in liquid N2 and stored at -80ºC. Later, the aliquots were used to assess the content of water, total and soluble proteins, and total lipids, by standard assays, the maximum activity of enzymes by spectrophotometry, and neutral and polar fatty acids profiles by gas chromatography. In early fall, the relative mass ventricle is 0.16%, and 31% increased in late fall, when the spongy myocardium appears dense and with few lacunar spaces which area corresponds to 8% of slice total área. During dormancy, the ventricle mass increases further 29%, decreasing to values of late fall during early arousal. After food intake, mass ventricle is again increased together with a small increase of the lacunar spaces, which appear highly expanded later in spring (29% of the total area), when tissue mass is 0,24% increased in relation to early fall. Unlike dormancy, fasting during spring caused a decrease of 19% of the ventricle mass. The cardiomyocytes density in the spongy layer is 37% decreased during dormancy while estimated cell volume is 52% increased, in relation to spring activity. There was no seasonal changes in the content of water and proteins in the groups analysed, except to a tendency to increase in the water content during dormancy, and to decrease in the soluble proteins in early arousal and in fasted animals. Myofibrillar protein is lower during fall and dormancy in relation to spring, increasing soon in early arousal after water intake. Total lipids decrease in the tissue during dormancy in relation to late fall by similar proportion than after fasting during spring. The glycolytic enzymes PK e LDH are unchanged during the year cycle, whereas the mitochondrial CS shows a tendency to increase, and HOAD, a β-oxidation enzyme, is decreased during dormancy and early arousal, in relation to fall. Unlike, PK and CS are decreased, while HOAD is unchanged after a period of fasting during spring. Fatty acids (FA) profiles of neutral lipids suggest that unsaturated FA are preferentially mobilized during dormancy and arousal, whereas all FA would be equally used during spring fasting. FA of polar lipids are remarkably constant during the year, suggesting that membrane FA in the heart tissue are not generally affected by season, and thus, results do not support a predominant role played by compositional changes of membranes in metabolic depression in the tegu. In addition, the otherwise distinct findings with hibernating mammals suggest that changes of FA composition in these animals would be an adaptation to the low body temperature of torpor, rather than mechanism of metabolic inhibition. Regression analysis indicate significant relationships of C18:1n-9, C22:5n-6, and C22:6n-3 contents as a function of body mass in young tegus, and changes in the allometric patterns are consistent with a putative relationship between these FA levels and the scaling of mass specific metabolic rates of young tegus during the year cycle.
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Hoopes, Lisa Ann. "Metabolic and thermoregulatory capabilities of juvenile steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1390.

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8

Olvera, Anna E. "Diabetes in Latinas : depression, metabolic control and the roles of acculturation and social support." Access to abstract only; dissertation is embargoed until after 12/20/2006, 2005. http://www4.utsouthwestern.edu/library/ETD/etdDetails.cfm?etdID=135.

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9

Sharovsky, Lilian Lopes. "Análise de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos nas variáveis clínicas da síndrome metabólica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-22062010-131123/.

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Introdução: A Síndrome Metabólica (SM) representa uma complexa interação entre aspectos genéticos e ambientais associados à adiposidade central, diabetes tipo 2, hipertensão arterial e dislipidemia, contribuindo para o aumento da morbimortalidade por eventos cardiovasculares e elevando concomitantemente os custos com os problemas de saúde que provocam. Os sintomas depressivos e ansiosos tem sido associados à SM. Uma das explicações possíveis para isso se dá através da ativação do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal (HHA). Objetivos O objetivo do presente estudo é explorar a associação da intensidade dos sintomas depressivos e ansiosos com as variáveis clínicas da SM e com o cortisol salivar. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal com seleção consecutiva de 136 pacientes ambulatoriais (idade=55,37±7,62), sendo 69 mulheres, realizado em hospital especializado em Cardiologia. Todos os pacientes possuíam diagnóstico médico de SM, de acordo com o National Cholesterol Education Program Revised (NCEP-ATPIII-R). Numa primeira visita, responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e os sintomas depressivos foram acessados pelo Inventário de Depressão de BECK (BDI) enquanto os sintomas ansiosos pelo Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Na segunda visita, uma semana depois, foram colhidas amostras de saliva para dosagem de cortisol, às 07:00h da manhã. Resultados: Verificou-se positiva e significante correlação entre BDI, glicemia e gênero (p<0,001). O mesmo foi observado entre HARS, glicemia e gênero (p<0,001). A correlação entre BDI e HARS também foi positiva. Observou-se uma correlação negativa entre HARS e idade: os de idade inferior a 50 anos apresentaram valores maiores que aqueles acima de 60 anos. Não verificou-se correlação entre BDI e cortisol salivar (p=0,56), entre HARS e cortisol salivar (p=0,39) Conclusão: A intensidade dos sintomas depressivos e ansiosos esteve associada à glicemia e ao gênero feminino, em pacientes portadores de SM. O cortisol salivar não se associou, de maneira significante, aos sintomas depressivos e nem aos ansiosos
Objective: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has been associated to depression sintomatology by means of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axle activation and consequent alterations of the cortisol levels. The objective of this study is to explore the association of depressive and anxiety symptoms severity with MetS clinical variables and salivary cortisol. Methods: We studied 136 consecutive ambulatory patients (aged= 55,37±7,62), n= 69 women, who presented MetS criteria according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Revised (NCEP-ATPIII-R). At the first visit they all completed a social-demographic questionnaire.Then, we assessed depressive symptoms by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and anxiety symptoms by Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Salivary cortisol was assessed at 7:00h A.M. Results: We observed that the higher the intensity of the depressive symptoms by the BDI, the higher the glycemia value (p=0,01) in the female group (p 0,001). The same correlation was observed between HARS and glycemia (p=0,001) and HARS and genre (p=0,02). No correlation between depressive and anxiety symptoms with the other MetS clinical variable was found. The correlation was also positive between HARS and BDI. No correlation between depressive and anxiety symptoms with salivary cortisol was found. Furthermore, there was no association between cortisol and MS clinical variables. Conclusions: In the studied population, a presence of a higher intensity of depressive and anxiety symptoms was verified in the female group. We observed that, in this group, both the BDI and HARS value was explained by an increased fasting glucose. There was neither a correlation between depressive and anxiety symptoms and salivary cortisol
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Kemp, David E. "Use of Insulin Sensitizers as a Novel Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Study of Pioglitazone for Major Depression Accompanied by Abdominal Obesity." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1275567223.

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Estrada, Christina M. "The Impact of Obesity and Estrogen on the Brain and Metabolic Function in Female Rats." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535378499166638.

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Sakurai, Masashi. "Serum Metabolic Profiles of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway in the high risk subjects of major depressive disorder." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259732.

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Word, James Mabry. "Physiological adjustments to aestivation and activity in the cocoon-forming frogs Cyclorana platycephala and Cyclorana maini." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0254.

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The desert-adapted frogs Cyclorana platycephala and Cyclorana maini survive long periods of inhospitably hot and dry conditions by retreating underground and aestivating. While aestivating they suspend food and water intake as well as physical activity, depress their metabolic rate by ~80 %, and form cocoons that protect them against desiccation. How these frogs function during this exceptional state is largely unknown. This work characterized a number of physiological parameters in three metabolic states spanning their natural metabolic range: during aestivation (depressed metabolism), at rest (normal metabolism), and where possible, during exercise (elevated metabolism). The primary objective was to identify by comparison, physiological adjustments in these parameters to metabolic depression, as well as the scope of these parameters in frogs capable of aestivation. The parameters measured for C. maini were (a) the glucose transport kinetics and (b) the fluid balance of an extensive number of their individual organs. For C. platycephala, the parameters measured were (a) the activity of the cardiovascular system as indicated by heart rate and blood pressure and (b) the roles of pulmonary and cutaneous respiratory systems in gas exchange
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Genuario, Kimberly. "Possible Moderators of the Relationship Between Health Beliefs and Adherence and Metabolic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1512562500418142.

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Ribeiro, Renata Perfeito. "Prevalência da síndrome metabólica entre trabalhadores das equipes médica e de enfermagem de um hospital do Paraná e sua associação com estresse ocupacional, ansiedade e depressão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/83/83131/tde-13062013-154813/.

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Entre as doenças relacionadas às atividades laborais exercidas na área da saúde estão aquelas ligadas aos riscos ou às cargas que os trabalhadores estão sujeitos, entre elas a Síndrome Metabólica, o estresse, a ansiedade e a depressão. As hipóteses foram (H1) existe associação entre o estresse ocupacional apresentado pelos trabalhadores das equipes médica e de enfermagem que atuam em hospitais e a Síndrome Metabólica e (H2) existe associação entre a ansiedade e depressão apresentados pelos trabalhadores das equipes médica e de enfermagem que atuam em hospitais e a Síndrome Metabólica. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar a prevalência da Síndrome Metabólica entre trabalhadores das equipes médica e de enfermagem e sua associação com estresse ocupacional, ansiedade e depressão. O referencial teórico adotado nesta pesquisa foi pautado no Modelo de Demanda - Controle proposto por Alves et al. (2004), Theorell (1996), e Theorell e Karasek (1996) para análise da relação entre estresse e trabalho e nos pressupostos conceituais de Chandola, Brunner e Marmot (2006) sobre os fatores predisponentes a Síndrome Metabólica e, também, na concepção de Botega et al. (1998) sobre ansiedade e depressão relacionados ao trabalho. Este é um estudo descritivo, correlacional, realizado com 260 trabalhadores do Hospital Universitário de Londrina, com a coleta de dados sendo realizado entre os meses de agosto de 2011 a agosto de 2012. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram o Job Stress Scale (JSS), Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS), questionário com características sóciodemográficas e ocupacionais dos trabalhadores e a avaliação das variáveis para o diagnóstico da Síndrome Metabólica. Os dados foram processados por meio do software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 15.0. Os trabalhadores da enfermagem representaram 86,9% da amostra desta pesquisa e os médicos 13,1%, houve predomínio de participantes do sexo feminino (75,8%), a idade dos trabalhadores apresentou um intervalo de 23 a 66 anos, 66,1% eram casados, 41,5% terceiro grau completo, 25,0% tinham pós-graduação, o salário estava entre 2.000,00 a 3.000,00 (33,8%), 2% trabalham até 42 horas semanais, 23,5% até 60 horas e 22,0% mais de 60 horas, 96,9% ingerem carne vermelha, 95,8%, legumes e verduras, 66,5% não praticam atividade física, 20,0% fumam e 40,8% ingerem bebidas alcoólicas, 35,4% com Síndrome Metabólica, 72,7% não estão expostos ao estresse, 16,2% têm alta exposição e 11,2% exposição intermediária ao estresse, 69,2% apresentaram ansiedade, 22% possível ansiedade 8,8% provável ansiedade, 82,7% apresentaram depressão, 12,7% possível depressão e 4,6% provável depressão. Não existe associação significativa entre as variáveis: apresentar a Síndrome Metabólica e pertencer às equipes de enfermagem ou médica, apresentar a Síndrome Metabólica e praticar atividades físicas, apresentar Síndrome Metabólica e ter o hábito de comer carne vermelha, apresentar Síndrome Metabólica e ter o hábito de fumar, apresentar estresse e pertencer às equipes médica ou de enfermagem, apresentar Síndrome Metabólica, comer carne vermelha e pertencer à equipe de enfermagem, apresentar Síndrome Metabólica, fumar e pertencer a equipe de enfermagem, apresentar Síndrome Metabólica, fumar e pertencer à equipe médica apresentar Síndrome Metabólica, ingerir bebidas alcoólicas e pertencer à equipe de enfermagem, apresentar Síndrome Metabólica, ingerir bebidas alcoólicas e pertencer à equipe médica, apresentar a Síndrome Metabólica e a prática de atividades físicas e pertencer à equipe médica, apresentar estresse e pertencer à equipe de enfermagem ou médica, apresentar ansiedade e pertencer às equipes médica ou de enfermagem, apresentar depressão e pertencer às equipes médica ou de enfermagem. Existe associação significativa entre as variáveis: apresentar a Síndrome Metabólica e ingerir bebidas alcoólicas, apresentar a Síndrome Metabólica e o estresse, apresentar estresse e ter renda salarial do trabalhador entre 2.000,00 a 3.000,00, apresentar a Síndrome Metabólica e a prática de atividades físicas na equipe de enfermagem, apresentar Síndrome Metabólica e ansiedade. A consistência interna dos instrumentos foi de (α=0,786) e (α=0,773).
Among the diseases related to work activities performed in healthcare are those related to the risks or burdens that workers are subject, including the metabolic syndrome, stress and anxiety and depression. The hypotheses were (H1) there is an association between occupational stress presented by the employees of the medical and nursing staff working in hospitals and the Metabolic Syndrome and (H2) there is an association between anxiety and depression presented by workers in medical and nursing teams working in hospitals and Metabolic Syndrome. The objective of this research was to identify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among workers in medical and nursing teams and its association with occupational stress anxiety and depression. The theoretical approach in this research was guided in Demand Mode - Control proposed by Alves et al. (2004), Theorell (1996) and Karasek and Theorell (1996) to analyze the relationship between stress and work and conceptual assumptions of Chandola Brunner and Marmot (2006) on the predictor Metabolic Syndrome and also in designing o Botega et al. (1998) on anxiety and depression related to work. This is a descriptive correlational study was conducted with 260 workers at the University Hospital of Londrina, with data collection taking place between the months of August 2011 to August 2012. The instruments used for data collection were the Job Stress Scale (JSS) at the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire with sociodemographic and occupationa characteristics of workers and the evaluation of the variables for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. The data were processed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15.0. Nursing workers represented 86.9% of the sample of this research and the doctors 13.1%, there was a predominance of female participants (75.8%), the age of the workers presented a range 23-66 years, 66, 1% were married, 41.5% complete third degree, 25.0% had post-graduate, the salary was among 2.000,00 to 3.000,00 (33.8%), 2% work up to 42 hours per week, 23 5% up to 60 hours and 22.0% over 60 hours, 96.9% eat meat, 95.8% and vegetables 66.5% do not exercise, smoke 20.0% and 40.8 % ingest alcoholic beverages, 35.4% with metabolic syndrome, 72.7% are not exposed to stress, 16.2% have high exposure and 11.2% intermediate exposure to stress, 69.2% had anxiety, 22% possible anxiety, probable anxiety 8.8%, 82.7% had depression, 12.7% possible depression and 4.6% probable depression. There is no significant association between the variables present the Metabolic Syndrome and belong to the nursing or medical staff, present the Metabolic Syndrome, and physical activity presenting Metabolic Syndrome and have the habit of eating meat, presenting Metabolic Syndrome and have the habit of smoking, presenting stress and belong to the medical or nursing staff, presenting Metabolic Syndrome, eating meat and belong to the nursing staff presenting Metabolic Syndrome, smoking and belong to the nursing staff, presenting Metabolic Syndrome, smoking and belong to the medical staff, presenting Metabolic Syndrome, alcoholic beverages and belong to the nursing staff, presenting Metabolic Syndrome, alcoholic beverages and belong to the medical staff, Metabolic Syndrome and present physical activity and belong to the medical team, presenting stress and belong to the nursing staff or medical, presenting anxiety and belong to the teams medical or nursing, presenting depression and belong to the medical or nursing staff. There is a significant association between the variables: present the Metabolic Syndrome and drinking alcohol, present the Metabolic Syndrome and stress, stress and provide an income wage worker from 2000.00 to 3000.00, presenting the Metabolic Syndrome and physical activity in nursing staff, presenting Metabolic Syndrome and anxiety The internal consistency of the instruments was (α=0.786) and (α=0.773).
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16

Herva, A. (Anne). "Depression in association with birth weight, age at menarche, obesity and metabolic syndrome in young adults:the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514283284.

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Abstract Depression is a common mental disorder in the Finnish population. There are several biological, psychological and social factors in the background of depression. The aim of this study was to investigate depression in association with birth weight, age at menarche, obesity and metabolic syndrome using data from the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort. A large, prospectively collected general population-based birth cohort of originally 12058 liveborn children was used as study population. The database provided information on birth characteristics and features of the primary family. The follow-up studies were performed at the age of 14 years by postal inquiry, and at the age of 31 years by postal inquiry and clinical examination. Information on age at menarche and weight and height was obtained from the postal questionnaire at 14 and 31 years and clinical examination at 31 years. Data on abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome were gathered from the clinical examination. Data on depressive symptoms measured by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25), self-reported physician-diagnosed lifetime depression and the use of antidepressants were gathered from the postal questionnaire at 31 years. Females with high birth weight and high ponderal index (index of the birth measures, kg/m3) had a higher risk of depressive symptoms at 31 years measured by the HSCL-25 compared with females with normal birth weight and ponderal index. Males with ponderal index belonging to the lowest 5 percentile had an increased risk for physician-diagnosed depression at 31 years. Females with late menarche (≥ 16 years) had an elevated risk of depression measured by the HSCL-25, the use of antidepressants and self-reported physician-diagnosed depression compared with females with menarche at 12–15 years. Obesity measured by BMI at 14 years increased the risk of depressive symptoms measured by the HSCL-25 at 31 years among both males and females. Females who were obese both at baseline and at follow-up had an increased risk of depressive symptoms, and the proportion of those who used antidepressants was higher among females who had gained weight compared to females who had stayed normal-weighted. Males with abdominal obesity measured by waist-to-hip ratio had an increased risk of depressive symptoms and physician-diagnosed depression, and the proportion of those who used antidepressants was higher compared with subjects without abdominal obesity. Abdominal obesity did not associate with depression in females. Metabolic syndrome did not associate with depression. The results indicate an increased risk of depression at 31 years in females with high birth weight, late menarche, adolescent obesity and weight gain and in males with adolescent obesity and abdominal obesity
Tiivistelmä Depressio on yleinen mielenterveyden häiriö suomalaisväestössä. Depression taustalla on monia biologisia, psykologisia ja sosiaalisia tekijöitä. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tutkia depressiota selvittäen, onko syntymäpainolla, menarkeiällä, lihavuudella ja metabolisella oireyhtymällä yhteyttä depressioon Pohjois-Suomen vuoden 1966 syntymäkohorttiaineistossa. Tutkimusaineistoon kuului alun perin 12058 elävänä syntynyttä lasta. Tietokantaan oli jo aiemmin kerätty aineistoa syntymään ja primaariperheeseen liittyen. Kohortin jäsenten ollessa 14-vuotiaita tehtiin seurantatutkimus postikyselynä ja 31-vuotiaana tehtiin sekä postikysely että kliininen tutkimus. Tiedot menarkeiästä kerättiin 31-vuotispostikyselystä, paino- ja pituustiedot sekä 14- ja 31-vuotispostikyselyistä että kliinisen tutkimuksen tiedoista. Kliininen tutkimus sisälsi tiedot myös keskivartalolihavuuden ja metabolisen oireyhtymän määrittämiseksi. 31-vuotispostikyselyssä depressio-oireita kysyttiin HSCL-25 -oirekyselyllä; lisäksi kysyttiin, oliko lääkäri todennut aiemmin masennusta sekä oliko tutkittavilla käytössä masennuslääkkeitä. Naisilla, joiden syntymäpaino ja ponderaali-indeksi (syntymäpainon ja pituuden suhdetta kuvaava indeksi, kg/m3) oli korkea, depressio-oireiden riski 31-vuotiaana mitattuna HSCL-25:lla oli suurentunut verrattuna naisiin, joilla oli normaali syntymäpaino ja ponderaali-indeksi. Miehillä, joilla oli hyvin alhainen ponderaali-indeksi kuuluen alimpaan 5 % ryhmään, riski lääkärin toteamaan masennukseen oli suurentunut. Naisilla, joiden menarkeikä oli 16-vuotta tai myöhemmin, riski depressio-oireiden esiintyvyyteen, depressiolääkkeiden käyttöön ja lääkärin toteaman depression esiintyvyyteen oli suurentunut verrattuna naisiin, joiden menarkeikä oli 12–15-vuotta. Lihavuus 14-vuotiaana lisäsi masennusoireiden riskiä mitattuna HSCL-25:lla sekä 31-vuotiailla miehillä että naisilla. Naisilla, jotka olivat lihavia sekä 14- että 31-vuotiaana, masennusoireiden riski oli suurentunut. Naisilla, joiden paino oli noussut, masennuslääkkeitten käyttö oli yleisempää verrattuna naisiin, joilla paino oli pysynyt normaalina. Keskivartalolihavuus oli miehillä yhteydessä suurentuneeseen depressio-oireiden ja lääkärin toteaman masennuksen riskiin, ja he käyttivät yleisemmin masennuslääkkeitä verrattuna miehiin ilman keskivartalolihavuutta. Naisilla keskivartalolihavuus ei ollut yhteydessä masennukseen. Metabolinen oireyhtymä ei ollut yhteydessä masennukseen. Tulokset osoittavat korkean syntymäpainon, myöhäisen menarkeiän ja nuoruusiän lihavuuden sekä painon nousun lisäävän masennusriskiä 31-vuotiailla naisilla, 31-vuotiailla miehillä nuoruusiän lihavuus sekä keskivartalolihavuus olivat yhteydessä suurentuneeseen masennusriskiin
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17

Ortega, Vila Yolanda. "Impacte de la depressió i/o l'ansietat en l'aparició d'esdeveniments cardiovasculars en una cohort afectada de síndrome metabòlica. Projecte strex: cinc anys de seguiment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403203.

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Objectius: Determinar la prevalença de Síndrome Metabòlica(SM) i els seus fenotips. Determinar incidència d’Esdeveniments cardiovasculars(ECV) globalment, segons ansietat i/o depressió, índex socioeconòmic i fenotips SM. Avaluar l’ impacte de l’ estrés (mesurat com ansietat, depressió, estat socioeconòmic)i fenotips SM, sobre la incidència de malaltia cardiovascular i mortalitat global. Identificar factors independents determinants de major incidència d’ ECV i mortalitat global(MG) en població catalana amb SM. Disseny: Estudi cohorts Àmbit: Atenció Primària. Subjectes: Persones(35-75 anys) amb criteris SM, sense ECV previ. Classificació 16 fenotips SM [criteris NCEP-ATPIII:HTA(pressió arterial),COL(colesterol), TG(triglicèrids), PC(perímetre cintura) i GLU(anomalies glucídiques)]. Variable resultat: Incidència(5 anys) d’ ECV i MG. Variables d’ interès : Variables sociodemogràfiques(edat, sexe)¸fenotips SM, índex socioeconòmic. Resultats: n=401.743 persones amb SM (17,2% de la població catalana), 51,1% homes, edat mitjana60,1+9,9anys. Registrem 8,7%de depressió,16,0%d’ansietat, 3,8% ambdós. Fenotips SM predominants: HTA+COL+TG+GLU; HTA+COL+GLU; HTA+COL+TG i HTA+PC+GLU. L’ Obesitat no és vinculant al risc d’ ECV. En homes predominen:hipertensió/HDL-colesterol baix/hipertrigliceridèmia. En dones: obesitat/hipertrigliceridèmia/glucèmia alterada. Els fenotips SM amb més ECV, apleguen 3/4 criteris. Major numero de criteris no determinen major risc d’ ECV L’ansietat predomina en l’ SM(21,1%) que aplega obesitat/HDL-colesterol baix/ glucèmia alterada. La depressió a l’SM(10,9%) que conté hipertensió arterial/obesitat/hipertrigliceridèmia. Els ECV segueixen, globalment, la mateixa distribució que les alteracions de l’ànim: a més ansietat/depressió, més esdeveniments El 20,5% de la població catalana amb SM s’agrupa en àrees rurals, i dins les urbanes, predomina Urbà-2 (21,7%). Les àrees urbanes més dispars socioeconòmicament, tenen més ECV. A l’àrea rural i urbà 5, es donen més casos de cardiopatia isquèmica. Totes les variables són predictives respecte incidència d’ECV a cinc anys. La MG ve determinada per: edat, sexe masculí, tabaquisme i pressió de pols elevada. Discussió: Les persones amb SM i alteracions de l’ànim necessiten major atenció i intervenció per minimitzar el risc d’evolucionar ECV
Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia del Sindrome Metabólico(SM) y sus fenotipos. Determinar incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares(ECV) globalmente y según ansiedad/depresión, índice socioeconómico, fenotipos SM. Evaluar el impacto del estrés (medido como ansiedad, depresión, estado socioeconómico) y fenotipos de SM sobre la incidencia de ECV y mortalitat global(MG). Identificar factores independientes que determinen mayor incidencia de ECV y MG en población SM. Diseño: Estudio cohortes Ámbito: Atención Primaria. Sujetos: personas(35-75años) con criterios SM, sin ECV previo(2009). Clasificación por 16 fenotipos SM[criterios NCEP-ATPIII: HTA(presión arterial),COL(colesterol), TG(triglicéridos), PC(perímetro cintura),GLU(anomalías glucídicas)]. Variable principal: Incidencia(5 años) de ECV y MG. Variables predictoras: edad, sexo, fenotipos SM, índice socioeconómico. Resultados: N=401.743personas con SM (17,2% de la población catalana), 51,1%hombres, edad media±DE: 60,1+9,9años. Registramos 8,7%de depresión, 16,0% de ansiedad y 3,8%ambos. 14,5%consumen antidepresivos y 20,8% ansiolíticos.Los fenotipos SM predominantes: HTA+COL+TG+GLU; HTA+COL+GLU; HTA+COL+TG y HTA+PC+GLU. La obesidad no es vinculante al riesgo de ECV. En hombres predominan: hipertensión/HDL-colesterol bajo/hipertrigliceridemia. En mujeres: Obesidad/hipertrigliceridemia/glucemia alterada. Los fenotipos SM con más ECV, reunen 3-4criterios. Mayor número de criterios no determinan mayor riesgo de ECV La ansiedad predomina en SM(21,1%) que reune obesidad/HDL-colesterol bajo/ glucemia alterada. La depresión predomina en SM(10,9%) que contiene: hipertensió arterial/obesitat/hipertrigliceridèmia. Los ECV siguen, globalment, la misma distribución que las alteraciones del ánimo: a más ansiedad y depresión, más eventos. El 20,5% de la población catalana con SM se agrupa en áreas rurales, entre urbanas, predomina Urbana-2(21,7%). Las urbanas más dispares socioeconómicament, tienen más ECV. En rural y Urbana5, se dan más casos de cardiopatia isquémica. Todas las variables son predictivas respecto la incidencia de ECV a cinco años. La MG viene determinada por: edad, sexo masculino, tabaquismo y presión de pulso elevada. Discusión: Las personas con SM y alteraciones anímicas necesitan mayor atención/ intervención para minimizar su riesgo de ECV.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome(MetS) and its phenotypes. To determine the incidence of cardiovascular events(CVE) globally and according to anxiety/depression, socioeconomic index and MetS phenotypes. Assess the impact of stress (measured anxiety, depression, socioeconomic status) and MetS phenotypes, on the incidence of CVE and overall mortality(OM). Identify independent factors determining higher incidence of CVE/OM from all causes in people with MetS. Design: Cohort study Ambit: Primary Care. Subjects: People(35-75 years) fulfilling MetS criteria, without CVE at the start(2009). Condisering 16 MetS phenotypes[NCEP-ATPIII criteria:HBP(high blood pressure), CHO(cholesterol),TG(triglycerides),WC(waist-circumference),GLU(glucose abnormalities)]. Primary outcomes were the incidence of CVE and OM(5years). Interest variables were: age, gender, MetS phenotype, socioeconomic index. Results: 401,743people with MetS (17.2% of the Catalan population), 51.1% men, mean age60,1+9.9years. We registered 8.7%depression, 16.0%anxiety and 3.8% both. MetS dominant phenotypes: CHO+HBP+TG+GLU; CHO+HBP+GLU; HBP+CHO+TG and HBP+WC+GLU. The WC criterion is not closely associated to event risk. In men predominate: hypertension/lowHDL-cholesterol/ hypertriglyceridemia. In women, obesity/hypertriglyceridemia/impaired glucose. The MetS phenotypes with more CVE, collect three/four criteria. Greater number of criteria do not determine increased risk of CVE. Anxiety is more frequent in the MetS (21.1%) which includes obesity/low HDL-cholesterol/impaired glucose. Depression predominates in the MetS(10.9%) containing the criteria hypertension/obesity/hypertriglyceridemia. The events remain, overall, the distribution in mood disorders: more anxiety and depression, more events. 20.5% of the Catalan population with MetS groups in rural areas; and in the urban, predominantly(21.7%) in urban-2. More socioeconomically diverse urban areas have the highest rate of CVE. In rural and urban-5, there are more cases of ischemic heart disease. All variables are predictive regarding the CVE incidence in five years. The overall mortality rate is determined by age, male sex, smoking and highest pulse pressure. Discussion: People with MetS and mood disorders require greater attention/ intervention to minimize the risk of CVE
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18

Zeugmann, Sara [Verfasser]. "Inflammation, metabolic syndrome, & early life stress in major depression : an investigation into the mind-body connection of affective disorders / Sara Zeugmann." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071088831/34.

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19

Maripuu, Martin. "Hypocortisolism in recurrent affective disorders." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Psykiatri, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-112824.

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Bipolar disorders and recurrent depressions are two common psychiatric disorders with a life time prevalence of approximately 1% and 8%, respectively. Despite treatment these patients suffer from affective symptoms up to 50% of the time, resulting in lower well-being. The average life length is also reduced with 10-15 years, mainly attributable to suicide and cardiovascular disease. Increased stress is one of many factors that have been shown to be linked to an increased risk for developing affective disorders and some comorbid somatic conditions such as metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular disease. An increased stress level is known to cause hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis (HPA-axis) with increased cortisol secretion. Hyperactivity of the HPA-axis (or hypercortisolism) is one of the most replicated neurobiological finding in depression. In other stress related disorders it has however been shown that prolonged stress over long periods of time can lead to a state of low HPA-axis activity, hypocortisolism. Since persons with recurrent affective disorders such as bipolar disorder and recurrent depression are exposed to a high degree of recurrent and chronic stress it could be expected that in addition to hypercortisolism, a state of hypocortisolism could also develop in these disorders, potentially exerting an influence upon the psychological and somatic wellbeing among these patients. The major aim of this thesis was to evaluate whether hypocortisolism is related to relevant psychiatric and somatic phenotypes in recurrent affective disorders. In bipolar disorder, individuals with hypocortisolism exhibited a higher degree of depression and low quality of life compared to patients with normal HPA-axis activity. In recurrent depression, individuals with hypocortisolism exhibited shorter leukocyte telomere length than patients with normal or high HPA-axis activity, which is an indication of an accelerated aging process. In a sample of both bipolar and recurrent depression patients, hypocortisolism was associated with an increased proportion of obesity, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome compared with patients with normal or high HPA-axis activity. Patients with recurrent depression showed a higher occurrence of hypocortisolism than the control sample representative of the general population. Patients with bipolar disorder showed a similar occurrence of hypocortisolism as the control sample. Among bipolar disorder patients with a low degree of lifetime with lithium prophylaxis, there was an inverse correlation between age and HPA-axis activity. In contrast, among patients with a higher degree of lifetime with lithium prophylaxis as well as among the controls, there was no correlation between age and HPA-axis activity. Accordingly, hypocortisolism was most common among older patients with a low degree of lifetime with lithium prophylaxis. In conclusion, hypocortisolism in both recurrent depression and bipolar disorder was associated with multiple clinically-relevant phenotypes. Additionally it was shown for bipolar disorder patients that increasing age was a risk factor for hypocortisolism and that prophylactic lithium treatment was a protective factor. It is argued that the protective effect of lithium towards the HPA-axis is attributable to its mood-stabilizing effect, which in turn reduces the chronic stress level. These results provide new insight into the role of hypocortisolism and chronic stress in recurrent affective disorders warranting further studies and hopefully providing clues to improved treatment strategies.
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20

Champaigne, Lorraine Anne. "The role of marital distress, parental and child depression, family functioning and health care behaviors in treatment adherence and metabolic control among adolescents with diabetes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ57028.pdf.

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21

El, Asmar Khalil. "Predictive Power of Early Weight-Gain on Later Weight-Gain and Metabolic Syndrome in Depressed Patients Treated with Antidepressants : Findings from the METADAP Cohort." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS541/document.

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Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié la relation entre le traitement par antidépresseurs, la prise du poids et le syndrome métabolique sur un échantillon de patients atteints de TDM. Les résultats cliniques ont suggéré que la prise du poids précoce due au traitement par antidépresseurs augmenterait le risque de prise du poids ultérieure et d’incidence ultérieure du syndrome métabolique. Ainsi que la relation entre l'utilisation des antidépresseurs, la réponse au traitement et la prise du poids reste complexe. Malgré l'augmentation simultanée de la consommation d'antidépresseurs et la tendance à l'obésité dans les sociétés occidentales, des cohortes prospectives supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour tester pleinement l'hypothèse traitant que la prise du poids chez les utilisateurs des antidépresseurs est un effet iatrogène. Bien que l'impact des antidépresseurs sur la morbidité cardiovasculaire ne puisse toujours pas être déterminé, les résultats du premier chapitre ont montré que l'utilisation des antidépresseurs, indépendamment de leurs classes, avait un impact sur les dérèglements métaboliques, nécessitant une attention clinique spécifique. Une étude de cohorte à long terme est nécessaire pour confirmer si l'interruption et la réinstauration du traitement par des antidépresseurs seraient liées à la fluctuation des dysrégulations du syndrome métabolique
In this dissertation we have studied the relationship between AD treatment, weight gain and MetS on a sample of MDD patients. Clinical findings have suggested that early weight gain due to AD treatment would increase the risk of both later weight gain and later MetS incidence. The relationship between AD use, response to treatment and weight gain remain complex. Despite the simultaneous increase in AD use and obesity trends in Western societies, additional prospective cohorts are needed to fully test the hypothesis that weight gain among AD users is indeed an iatrogenic effect. Although impact of AD on cardiovascular morbidity still cannot be ascertained, the results from the first chapter showed that AD use – irrespective of the class - does impact and worsen metabolic dysregulations, which would require specific clinical attention. A long term cohort study is required to confirm whether discontinuation and re-initiation of AD treatment would be linked to fluctuation in MetS dysregulations
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22

Brand, Sarel Jacobus. "An investigation into the antidepressant–like profile of pioglitazone in a genetic rat model of depression / Brand S.J." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7333.

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Major depression is a highly prevalent mood disorder with chronic debilitating effects. Additional to a rising rate in incidence, depression is highly co–morbid with other psychiatric disorders, but also chronic cardiometabolic illnesses that present with an inflammatory component. The exact aetiology of depression is still unknown, being multifactorial in its possible aetiology. Various hypotheses have attempted to shed light on both endogenous and exogenous risk factors as well as the underlying pathology that may lead to the development of the disease. This has led to a wide range of mediators being implicated, including biogenic amines, the HPA–axis, neurotrophic factors, inflammatory agents, the cholinergic system and circadian rhythm, to name a few. The mechanisms of action of current treatment strategies, except for a few atypical and novel treatment approaches, are limited to interactions with monoamines and are at best only 65% effective. Many of these are also plagued by troubling side–effects, relapse and recurrence. It has therefore become imperative to explore novel targets for the treatment of depression that may produce more rapid, robust and lasting antidepressant effects with a less daunting side–effect profile. The strong co–morbidity between depression and various cardiometabolic disorders, including cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has led to the proposal that a metabolic disturbance may be a vital component that drives inflammatory and immunological dysfunction in depression. Supporting of this is evidence for a role of inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors in the pathogenesis of depression. It has also been demonstrated that a link exists between insulin– and nitric oxide (NO)– mediated pathways in the brain, which further highlights the role of oxidative stress and cell damage. Furthermore, evidence supports a role for oxidative stress and NO in T2DM and/or insulin resistance. Insulin has also been implicated in various physiological processes in the central nervous system (CNS) and may also influence the release and reuptake of neurotransmitters. Preclinical and clinical evidence has provided support for the antidepressant–like effects of insulin–sensitizing peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)– agonists, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. In preclinical studies, however, these effects are limited to acute treatment with pioglitazone or sub–chronic (5 days) treatment with rosiglitazone. It is well–recognized that such findings need to be confirmed by chronic treatment paradigms. The aim of the current study was therefore to further investigate the proposed antidepressant–like effects of pioglitazone in a genetic animal model of depression, the Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rat, using a chronic treatment protocol. The FSL rat model was reaffirmed as presenting with inherent depressive–like behaviour compared to its more resilient counterpart, the Flinders resistant line (FRL) rat. Moreover, imipramine demonstrated a robust and reliable antidepressant–like effect in these animals using the forced swim test (FST), thus confirming the face and predictive validity of the FSL rat model for depression. In contrast to previous preclinical studies, acute dose–ranging studies with pioglitazone in Sprague Dawley rats delivered no significant anti–immobility effects in the FST, whereas results similar to that seen in the dose–ranging studies were observed following chronic treatment using FSL rats. Since altered pharmacokinetics could possibly influence the drug’s performance, another route of administration, viz. the subcutaneous route, was utilized as an additional measure to exclude this possibility. The results of the subcutaneous study, however, were congruent with that observed after oral treatment. In order to confirm an association between altered insulin sensitivity and antidepressant action and demonstration by recent studies that thiazolidinediones may augment the efficacy of existing antidepressants, we therefore investigated whether concomitant treatment with gliclazide (an insulin releaser and insulin desensitizer) or pioglitazone (an insulin sensitizer) may alter the antidepressant–like effects evoked by chronic treatment with imipramine. Pioglitazone did not positively or negatively affect the antidepressant effect of imipramine, although gliclazide tended to decrease the anti–immobility effects induced by this antidepressant. Taken together and considering the current available literature, this finding supports evidence linking the insulin–PPAR pathway to depression. However, further explorative studies are required to delineate the role of insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in depression and antidepressant response.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmacology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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23

Ruusa, Jaan. "On testosterone during alcohol withdrawal in men : effects on mood and insulin-like growth factor 1 /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-057-5/.

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24

Walker, Jillian L. "The Effects of Cultural Orientation Change on Metabolic Health in a Sample of Mexican Immigrants to the United States." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4184.

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Studies have identified metabolic health factors to be a major concern in Mexican-Americans, including Mexican immigrants to the United States (U.S.). Acculturation stress has been hypothesized to be a factor in the development of many health-related concerns in this population. Specifically, previous studies have shown that acculturation stress contributes to health concerns, including metabolic health concerns (e.g., diabetes, metabolic syndrome). The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between cultural orientation, a measure of acculturation designed to provide more information than traditional acculturation measures, and metabolic health outcomes. Specific acculturation-related stressors (social support, job-related stress, and depression) were hypothesized mediators in this relationship among a convenience sample of 98 foreign-born Mexicans living in Utah County, Utah controlling for age, gender, socio-economic status (SES), and years in the U.S. Data were collected twice with a three year interval to examine change over time. Changes in these constructs were examined through the use of Growth Modeling with Bayesian estimation. The Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican-Americans (ARSMA-II) was used to measure Anglo Cultural Orientation and Mexican Cultural Orientation. Standard blood analyses were used to measure metabolic health outcomes, which included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, and glucose. The Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL-12) was used to measure social support, the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) was used to measure job-related stress, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure depression. No change was identified in Anglo Cultural Orientation or Mexican Cultural Orientation over time in the majority of subjects. A positive relationship between Anglo Cultural Orientation and HbA1c was found, as was a negative relationship between Mexican Cultural Orientation and HbA1c. Mediation analyses showed a mediation effect of depression on the relationship between Anglo Cultural Orientation and glucose. Implications of findings, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
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Osher, Susan. "One-carbon metabolism in adults with major depression." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0006/MQ46133.pdf.

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26

Mitro, S. D., Susanna D. Mitro, Gloria T. Larrabure-Torrealva, Sixto E. Sanchez, Samantha A. Molsberry, Michelle A. Williams, Clary Clish, and Bizu Gelaye. "Metabolomic markers of antepartum depression and suicidal ideation." Elsevier B.V, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651846.

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Background: Recent analyses have described metabolomic markers for depression and suicidal ideation in non-pregnant adults. We examined the metabolomic profile of antepartum depression and suicidal ideation during mid-pregnancy, a time of high susceptibility to mood disorders. Methods: We collected fasting blood from 100 pregnant Peruvian women and profiled 307 plasma metabolites using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 to define antepartum depression (score ≥ 10) and suicidal ideation (having thoughts that you would be better off dead, or of hurting yourself). Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs). Results: Three triacylglycerol metabolites (C48:5 triacylglycerol [OR = =1.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14–3.14], C50:6 triacylglycerol [OR = =1.88; 95%CI: 1.13–3.14], C46:4 triacylglycerol [OR = =1.89; 95%CI: 1.11–3.21]) were associated with higher odds of antepartum depression and 4 metabolites (betaine [OR = =0.56; 95%CI:0.33–0.95], citrulline [OR = =0.58; 95%CI: 0.34–0.98], C5 carnitine [OR = =0.59; 95%CI: 0.36–0.99], C5:1 carnitine [OR = =0.59; 95%CI: 0.35–1.00]) with lower odds of antepartum depression. Twenty-six metabolites, including 5-hydroxytryptophan (OR = =0.52; 95%CI: 0.30–0.92), phenylalanine (OR = =0.41; 95%CI: 0.19–0.91), and betaine (OR = =0.53; 95%CI: 0.28–0.99) were associated with lower odds of suicidal ideation. Limitations: Our cross-sectional study could not determine whether metabolites prospectively predict outcomes. No metabolites remained significant after multiple testing correction; these novel findings should be replicated in a larger sample. Conclusions: Antepartum suicidal ideation metabolomic markers are similar to markers of depression among non-pregnant adults, and distinct from markers of antepartum depression. Findings suggest that mood disorder in pregnancy shares metabolomic similarities to mood disorder at other times and may further understanding of these conditions’ pathophysiology.
Revisión por pares
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Jones, Shirley A. "Tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism in depression and senile dementia of Alzheimer type." Thesis, Aston University, 1988. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12519/.

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Excretion of biopterin and the related pteridines neo-pterin and pterin was measured in urine samples from a group of 25 male and 51 female depressed outpatients receiving lithium therapy, and compared to 61 male and female control subjects. The ratio of neopterin to biopterin excreted (N/B) was significantly higher in the patients than controls (p< 0.01), and the significant (p< 0.01) positive correlation between urinary neopterin and biopterin shown by the controls was absent in the patients, indicating disrupted biosynthesis of BH4. Urinary cortisol excretion was similar in all groups, but creatinine excretion was diminished in the patients, suggesting a nephrogenic effect of lithium. Serum folate was shown to correlate with urinary biopterin in female unipolar patients. Two groups of elderly females with senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) were examined for urinary pteridine excretion. In group I (n= 10), N/B was significantly higher than in 24 controls (p< 0.05) and the ratio B/B+ N significantly lower, indicating diminished tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis. A second study on 30 patients and 24 age-matched controls confirmed these findings. However, as N correlated with B in both patients and controls, the alteration in BH4 metabolism in SDAT is possibly different to that shown in depression. Lithium had no effect in vivo or in vitro on wistar rat brain or liver BH4 biosynthesis or salvage enzyme dihydropteridine reductase at a range of concentrations and duration of dosing period. In general, no significant effects were shown by the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine, the anticonvulsant sodium valproate, the vitamin folic acid or the anticholinergic agent methylparatyrosine, indicating that BH_4 may differ in man and rat. The synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone had no effect on rat brain metabolism, nor did stimulation of natural cortisol by stress-immobilisation, although hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis disturbances are know in depression.
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Baro, Cecilio C. "A Volumetric-Metabolic Study of Hippocampal Alteration in Female Major Depressive Disorder Patients." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-175862.

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29

Gracia, Rubio Irene 1986. "Neurobiological links between depression and drug dependence." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/382484.

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Early life experiences play a key role in brain function and behaviour. Maternal separation produced negative early life experiences that induce emotional alterations. Contrary, the communal nest has been proposed as a protective model that may reduce the vulnerability of individuals to suffer psychiatric disorders. Moreover, early-life stress enhances the vulnerability to develop substance use disorders, principally during adolescence. Hence, depressive states are associated with drug use disorders and abuse vulnerability since depressed patients could consume drugs to alleviate their symptoms. Our results lead us to propose that detrimental early life events such as maternal neglect reproduces most of the behavioural and neurochemical alterations associated with emotional disorders in mice. In addition, maternal separation could be useful to study the comorbidity between depression and substance use disorder since induces alterations in emotional and cocaine addictive behaviours as well as in the dopaminergic system. However, in our conditions, we cannot confirm the protective role of communal nest due to the behavioural alterations found in these mice, probably because this breeding condition involves energetic cost and increases the competition for food in pups.
Las experiencias tempranas tienen un papel importante en el desarrollo cerebral y las respuestas emocionales. La separación maternal supone un factor de riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades psiquiátricas, mientras que el modelo de nido en comuna se ha propuesto como una condición protectora. Además, el estrés crónico durante la infancia aumenta la vulnerabilidad a desarrollar trastornos por uso de sustancias, principalmente durante la adolescencia. Por ello, los estados depresivos están asociados con una mayor vulnerabilidad para el uso de drogas puesto que los pacientes depresivos podrían consumir drogas para aliviar sus síntomas. Nuestros resultados demuestran que las experiencias adversas durante la infancia reproducen la mayoría de las alteraciones comportamentales y neuroquímicas relacionadas con depresión en el ratón. Además, la separación maternal puede considerarse como un modelo conveniente para el estudio de la comorbilidad psiquiátrica entre depresión y el trastorno por uso de drogas, ya que reproduce alteraciones emocionales y motivacionales en el animal de experimentación, así como en el sistema dopaminérgico. Sin embargo, no podemos confirmar el papel protector del nido en comuna debido a las alteraciones comportamentales que hemos encontrado en nuestros estudios, probablemente debido a que dicho modelo origina costes energéticos y aumenta la competencia por la comida entre las crías.
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Fang, Yiyu. "Conjugated linoleic acid : analysis, tissue distrubution, metabolism, and its effects on immune-induced growth depression in rats /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487949836207324.

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Martins, Ricardo Alves. "Termorregulação e depressão metabólica em endotermos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3139/tde-13102009-154825/.

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A depressão metabólica em aves e mamíferos, dada a alta demanda energética destes animais, se apresenta, geralmente, como resposta às condições de escassez de alimentos e baixas temperaturas. Desta forma, este projeto busca explorar, no campo teórico, como o sistema de termorregulação poderia atuar no sentido de maximizar as reservas energéticas minimizando os gastos metabólicos (depressão metabólica). Para tanto, fazemos uso de teorias da engenharia de controle que propiciam ferramental teórico para analisar como se dariam essas minimizações, ou seja, como o sistema nervoso atuaria estabelecendo um controle (set-point hipotalâmico) que minimizasse estes gastos à medida que se desse o processo de termorregulação. Neste contexto, propomos um modelo básico de termorregulação que leva em conta temperatura corpórea, taxa metabólica e temperatura ambiente, no qual o set-point atua como um controle. Mostramos como este modelo de regulação térmica propicia, devido à sua configuração, significativa redução dos distúrbios causados por variações da temperatura ambiente. Através da teoria de controle ótimo, mostramos como o set-point hipotalâmico pode surgir como resultado da minimização de um funcional relacionado ao custo com a termorregulação. Além disso, fez-se uma análise de como a temperatura ambiente pode definir diferentes situações em termos de vantagens da depressão metabólica como mecanismo de minimização de gasto energético. Para este tipo de análise, propomos um índice de razão entre o custo metabólico constante e o obtido sob atuação do controlador durante o período em que se dá o processo. Após um período em depressão metabólica, os indivíduos devem voltar a sua condição de eutermia, e, em situações de baixa temperatura, o custo deste retorno pode suplantar as vantagens para um dado indivíduo. Assim, são analisadas as influencias da massa corpórea, onde se observa aumento do custo em decorrência da entrada em depressão metabólica por parte dos indivíduos de maior massa. Tal aumento de custo é acentuado nas situações de menor temperatura ambiente. Finalmente, uma análise relativa ao tempo para retorno à condição de eutermia é apresentada, sendo que os resultados vão ao encontro das evidencias atuais sobre a flexibilidade estratégica de muitos hibernantes.
Metabolic depression of mammals and birds, animals of high metabolic demands, normally emerges as a response to food shortage and low ambient temperature. The main goal of this research is to explore, in a theoretical perspective, how the thermoregulatory system could extend the energy reserves of these endotherms decreasing metabolic costs under those environmental conditions. To approach the problem, we propose the use of control engineering theories to analyze the way the this minimization could occur, in other words, how the nervous system would act establishing a control (hypothalamic set-point) to minimize those costs during the thermoregulatory process. In this context, we propose a basic thermoregulation model that takes into account body temperature, metabolic rate and environmental temperature, and in which the set-point acts as a control. We show how this model can significantly reduce disturbances generated by ambient temperature. Using optimal control theory, we show how the hypothalamic set-point can emerge as a result of a minimization process of a functional related to thermoregulation costs. Also, how ambient temperature can define different metabolic profiles is explored, in terms of metabolic depression and the necessary return to euthermic conditions. To quantify this analysis we propose an index, based on the ratio between a constant metabolic cost and the metabolic cost defined by the controller. After a period in metabolic depression individuals should return to their euthermic condition, and, in situations of low environmental temperature, it is shown that the cost to return can be larger than the advantages. In this way, analyzing body mass influences we observed increased metabolic depression cost in larger individuals. This cost is even higher under lower environmental temperature. Finally, the cost related to the time elapsed, until the euthermic state is reached again, is considered. These last results are in accordance with current conception about the flexibility in hibernation process.
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Sherman, Shermel B. "The Role of Neuropeptide Spexin in the Modulation of Metabolism and Behaviors." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1596840064046446.

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33

Villarinho, Jardel Gomes. "POTENCIAL ANTIDEPRESSIVO E ANALGÉSICO DO 2-(3,4-DIMETOXI-FENIL)-4,5-DIIDRO-1H-IMIDAZOL (2-DMPI) EM CAMUNDONGOS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3835.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Depression and chronic pain coexist in several patients and may be modulated by the same neurotransmitter systems. In this context, various studies have demonstrated that antidepressants from the class of the inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) enzyme presented antinociceptive effect in different pain models in experimental animals, as well as analgesic action in clinic studies. Thus, in the present study were evaluated the MAO-A inhibitory properties, as well as the antidepressant and antinociceptive potential of the novel imidazoline compound 2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (2-DMPI) in mice. 2-DMPI showed to be a mixed, reversible and preferential MAO-A inhibitor. The treatment with 2-DMPI (100-1000 μmol/kg, s.c.) produced an antidepressant-like effect in the tail suspension test without affecting motor activity of the animals. The mice treated with 2-DMPI showed a decrease in serotonin and dopamine turnover in specific brain regions, suggesting that the antidepressant-like effect of this compound was mediated by serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. This was confirmed by experiments showing that the antidepressant-like effect of 2-DMPI was abolished by pretreatment with serotonergic and dopaminergic receptor antagonists. In order to evaluate a possible antinociceptive action of 2-DMPI, a mice model of neuropathic pain, induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve was used. It was observed that mice submitted to CCI presented an increase in MAO-A activity in lumbar spinal cord compared with sham-submitted mice and that the treatment with 2-DMPI (30-300 μmol/kg, s.c.) reversed the CCI-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Furthermore, the antihyperalgesic effect of 2-DMPI was reversed by intrathecal injection of the serotonergic 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron (10 μg/site). These results suggest that 2-DMPI, due to its ability to modulate MAO-A activity and, consequently, the monoaminergic systems, could be a promising prototype to the development of new drugs with antidepressant and analgesic properties.
A depressão e a dor coexistem em muitos pacientes e podem ser moduladas pelos mesmos sistemas de neurotransmissores. Nesse contexto, diversos estudos têm demonstrado que antidepressivos da classe dos inibidores da enzima monoamina oxidase-A (MAO-A) apresentam efeito antinociceptivo em diferentes modelos de dor em animais experimentais, assim como ação analgésica em estudos clínicos. Em vista disso, no presente estudo foram avaliadas as propriedades inibitórias sobre a atividade da MAO-A, assim como os potenciais antidepressivo e antinociceptivo do novo composto imidazolínico 2-(3,4-dimetoxi-fenil)-4,5-diidro-1H-imidazol (2-DMPI) em camundongos. Foi observado que o 2-DMPI é um inibidor misto, reversível e preferencial da MAO-A. O tratamento com 2-DMPI (100-1000 μmol/kg, s.c.) produziu um efeito tipo-antidepressivo no teste de suspensão da cauda, sem afetar a atividade motora dos animais. Os camundongos tratados com 2-DMPI (300 μmol/kg, s.c.) apresentaram uma diminuição na taxa de renovação da serotonina e da dopamina em regiões cerebrais específicas, sugerindo que o efeito tipo-antidepressivo desse composto foi mediado pelos sistemas serotoninérgico e dopaminérgico. Isto foi confirmado por experimentos que mostraram que o efeito tipo-antidepressivo do 2-DMPI foi abolido pelo pré-tratamento com antagonistas de receptores serotoninérgicos e dopaminérgicos. A fim de avaliar um possível efeito antinociceptivo do 2-DMPI, foi utilizado um modelo de dor neuropática, induzida pela injúria por constrição crônica (CCI) do nervo ciático, em camundongos. Observou-se que os camundongos submetidos à CCI apresentaram um aumento na atividade da MAO-A na medula espinhal lombar comparado com os animais falso-operados e que o tratamento com 2-DMPI (30-300 μmol/kg, s.c.) reverteu a hiperalgesia mecânica induzida pela CCI. Além disso, o efeito antinociceptivo do 2-DMPI foi revertido pela administração intratecal do antagonista do receptor serotoninérgico 5-HT3, ondansetrona (10 μg/sítio). Esses resultados sugerem que o 2-DMPI, devido à sua capacidade de modular a atividade da MAO-A e, consequentemente, os sistemas monoaminérgicos, parece ser um protótipo promissor para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos com propriedades antidepressiva e analgésica.
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Paslakis, Georgios, Arlette F. Buchmann, Sabine Westphal, Tobias Banaschewski, Erika Hohm, Ulrich S. Zimmermann, Manfred Laucht, and Michael Deuschle. "Intrauterine Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Is Associated with Increased Ghrelin Concentrations in Adulthood." Karger, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70575.

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Background: The appetite-stimulating hormone ghrelin is a fundamental regulator of human energy metabolism. A series of studies support the notion that long-term appetite and weight regulation may be already programmed in early life and it could be demonstrated that the intrauterine environment affects the ghrelin system of the offspring. Animal studies have also shown that intrauterine programming of orexigenic systems persists even until adolescence/adulthood. Methods: We hypothesized that plasma ghrelin concentrations in adulthood may be associated with the intrauterine exposure to cigarette smoke. We examined this hypothesis in a sample of 19-year-olds followed up since birth in the framework of the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study of the long-term outcome of early risk factors. Results: As a main finding, we found that ghrelin plasma concentrations in young adults who had been exposed to cigarette smoke in utero were significantly higher than in those without prenatal smoke exposure. Moreover, individuals with intrauterine nicotine exposure showed a significantly higher prevalence of own smoking habits and lower educational status compared to those in the group without exposure. Conclusion: Smoking during pregnancy may be considered as an adverse intrauterine influence that may alter the endocrine-metabolic status of the offspring even until early adulthood.
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Reinfried, Lutz. "Protonen-Magnet-Resonanz-Spektroskopie (1 H-MRS) mit 3,0 Tesla zur Erfassung cerebraler Metabolite im Frontalhirn depressiver Patienten unter Plazebo-kontrollierter Inositolgabe im Vergleich zu gesunden Probanden." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15478.

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Ziele: Mittels absolutquantifizierender Protonen-Magnet-Resonanz-Spektroskopie (1H-MRS) wollten wir das Ergebnis einer Vorstudie bestätigen, die im Frontallappen einen reduzierten Quotienten von myo-Inositol/Gesamtcreatin (mI/tCr) bei Depressiven fand. Darüber hinaus testeten wir den antidepressiven Effekt von Inositol als Add-on-Therapie. Methodik: Wir untersuchten Einzelvoxel (2 x 2 x 2 cm3) in der weißen Substanz der rechten und linken Präfrontalregion mit Hilfe eines 3-Tesla Bruker Medspec Systems (STEAM Sequenz, TR/TE/TM = 6000/20/30 ms). Die einzelnen Metabolite wurden anhand des cerebralen Wassers als internem Standard quantifiziert (nach dem LCModell). Es wurden 24 unmedizierte Patienten mit unipolaren depressiven Episoden mit 24 alters- und geschlechtsgematchten gesunden Kontrollen verglichen. In doppelblindem, Plazebo-kontrollierten Parallelgruppen-Design erhielten die Patienten täglich 18 Gramm Inositol oder Plazebo zusätzlich zu Citalopram über vier Wochen. Ergebnisse: An der Baseline unterschieden sich die mI-, Cholin- und N-Acetyl-Aspartat-Konzentrationen der Patienten nicht von jenen der Kontrollen. Es fanden sich keine sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen Inositol- und Plazebo-Gruppe. Überraschenderweise zeigten die depressiven Patienten an der Baseline gegenüber den Kontrollen signifikant höhere tCr-Konzentrationen (mmol/kg) links (5,57 ± 0,96 vs. 4,87 ± 0,63; + 15 %, p < 0,01) und rechts präfrontal (5,29 ± 0,92 vs. 4,46 ± 0,41; + 17 %, p < 0,01). Nach der Behandlung ergab sich eine Reduktion der tCr-Konzentration links- (Tag 28: 5,05 ± 1,16; – 12 %, p = 0,08) und rechtsfrontal (Tag 28: 4,61 ± 1,07; – 9 %, p = 0,09). Die tCr-Konzentrationen der Patienten am Tag 28 unterschieden sich nicht mehr von jenen der Kontrollen. Zusammenfassung: Wir zeigten eine reversible Steigerung der tCr-Konzentration der Patienten im Vergleich zu Kontrollen, die auf Veränderungen des Creatin-Transports oder der ATP-Synthese bei unmedizierter unipolarer Depression hinweisen könnte.
Objectives: By means of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) with absolute quantification we wanted to confirm our previous finding of decreased ratios of the metabolites myo-Inositol/total creatine (mI/tCr) in the right frontal brain of depressives. Moreover, we tested the antidepressive effect of oral Inositol ingestion as add-on-therapy. We measured concentrations (mmol/kg ww) of mI, tCr (= Creatine + Phosphocreatine), Choline (Cho) and N-Acetyl-Aspartate (NAA) in the frontal brain. Methods: Single voxels (2x2x2 cm3) in the white matter of the left and right prefrontal region were examined in a three Tesla Bruker Medspec System (STEAM sequence, TR/TE/TM = 6000/20/30 ms). Metabolites were quantified using the LCModel. At baseline, 24 drug-free patients with unipolar depressive episodes were compared to 24 age and sex matched healthy controls. In a double blind, placebo controlled parallel-group design patients received daily 18 grams Inositol or placebo as an add on therapy to Citalopram over four weeks. Results: At baseline, mI, Cho and NAA concentrations showed no significant differences between patients and controls. The treatment with Inositol did not result in any significant differences to the treatment with placebo. Surprisingly the patients showed significant higher tCr concentrations in the left (5.57 ± 0.96 vs. 4.87 ± 0.63; + 15 %, p < 0.01) as well as in the right prefrontal region (5.29 ± 0.92 vs. 4.46 ± 0.41; + 17 %, p < 0.01) compared to controls. The treatment caused a trend towards a decrease of tCr in the left (day 28: 5.05 ± 1.16; – 12 %, p = 0.08) and in the right frontal hemisphere (day 28: 4.61 ± 1.07; – 9 %, p = 0.09) compared to baseline. The differences between the patients’ tCr at day 28 and the tCr of controls were no more significant. Conclusion: We have found a state dependent increase of tCr concentration indicating bifrontal deviations in Creatine transport or ATP synthesis in drug free unipolar depressives.
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Reveneau, Carine. "Dietary source and availibility [i.e. availability] of fatty acids to manipulate ruminal protozoa, metabolism of fat, and milk fatty acid profile in lactating dairy cows." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1204659455.

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37

Gama, Marco Antônio Sundfeld da. "Desempenho, composição do leite e mecanismos envolvidos na depressão da gordura do leite (DGL) de vacas recebendo ácido linoléicos conjugados (CLA) e óleo de peixe na dieta." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-17112004-164012/.

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A manipulação da dieta constitui uma prática efetiva e rápida de alteração da composição do leite, especialmente do seu teor de gordura. Entretanto, os mecanismos envolvidos não são ainda completamente conhecidos, embora muito se tenha avançado na última década. Sabe-se hoje que certo tipo de ácido graxo (CLA trans-10 cis-12) formado no rúmen sob condições específicas de alimentação é capaz de inibir a síntese de gordura do leite. Entretanto, depressão da gordura do leite (DGL) tem sido observada em casos (e.g. dietas contendo óleo de peixe) onde não há formação deste inibidor. Embora o efeito do CLA sobre a secreção de gordura do leite já esteja bem caracterizado, estudo prévio conduzido pelo nosso grupo mostrou ainda um aumento do teor de proteína do leite em resposta a este tratamento. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos com os seguintes objetivos principais, respectivamente: 1) determinar se um maior suprimento de proteína através da dieta afeta a secreção de proteína do leite de vacas recebendo CLA e 2) Estudar os mecanismos envolvidos na DGL de vacas recebendo dietas contendo óleo de peixe (OP) e níveis distintos de fibra. No primeiro experimento, 48 vacas em lactação receberam os seguintes tratamentos: 1) Dieta controle (DC) + Lac100, 2) DC + CLA, 3) Dieta com alta proteína (DAP) + Lac100 e 4) DAP + CLA. O Lac100 (sais de cálcio de óleo de soja) foi utilizado como placebo. O CLA foi protegido por encapsulação e o produto utilizado continha ~16% de CLA. No segundo experimento, 12 vacas em lactação foram avaliadas em 3 períodos: a) Basal: os animais receberam uma dieta com alto teor de fibra sem OP (dieta basal) por 12 dias; b) Suplementação: 4 vacas/grupo receberam os seguintes tratamentos: 1) Dieta com alta fibra + OP (AF+OP), 2) Dieta com baixa fibra sem OP (BF) e 3) Dieta com baixa fibra + OP (BF+OP); c) Pós-suplementação: todos os animais passaram a receber novamente a dieta basal por 12 dias. Os resultados obtidos no primeiro experimento mostraram que o CLA não foi eficientemente protegido, de forma que a redução da secreção de gordura do leite foi de pequena magnitude em relação a outros trabalhos. Da mesma forma, a proteção dos sais de cálcio de óleo de soja foi pequena, resultando em maior concentração de CLA cis-9 trans-11 (P<0,05) e menor concentração de ácido linoléico (P<0,05) no leite dos animais. Apesar da concentração do CLA trans-10 cis-12 no leite ter aumentado igualmente em resposta ao CLA e ao Lac100, o teor de gordura do leite foi menor (P<0,05) no primeiro tratamento, sugerindo a presença de outros inibidores (ou precursores) no produto utilizado. A concentração de CLA trans-10 cis-12 no leite explicou ~50% da variação da DGL, sugerindo que outros fatores afetaram a síntese de gordura do leite. Os resultados do segundo experimento demostraram, de forma inédita, que o CLA trans-9 cis-11 e o C18:1 cis-11 estão estreitamente relacionados à DGL dos animais que receberam OP. A DGL foi causada por uma ampla redução (P<0,01) da secreção tanto dos ácidos graxos sintetizados de novo quanto dos pré-formados, sugerindo que o mecanismo da DGL pode envolver a inibição de diferentes enzimas lipogênicas. O menor (P<0,01) índice de atividade da enzima ∆-9 dessaturase em animais que receberam OP é consistente com a idéia acima. Diferentemente do observado em resposta ao OP, a secreção de gordura do leite não foi afetada pelo tratamento BF (P>0,1). Os teores de proteína e lactose aumentaram na dieta BF e nas dietas contendo OP, respectivamente.
Diet manipulation is an effective and rapid way to change milk composition, mainly for fat content. However, mechanisms are not fully undestood in despite of progress in the area over the last decade. Nowadays, it is known that a molecule of fatty acid (CLA trans-10 cis-12) which is formed in the rumen under specific feeding situations is capable of inhibiting milk fat synthesis. However, milk fat depression (MFD) has been observed even at conditions where there is no formation of trans-10 cis12 CLA (e.g. fish oil-supplemented diets). Although CLA effects on milk fat synthesis are well-established, previous study from our group also showed an increase on milk protein content in cows fed CLA. Two trials were conducted with two main objectives: 1) to determine if an additional supply of diet protein affects milk fat synthesis in cows fed CLA and 2) to study the mechanisms involved in MFD of cows fed diets with fish oil (FO) and different fiber levels. In the first trial, 48 lactating cows received the treatments as follow: 1) Control Diet (CD) + Lac100, 2) CD + CLA, 3) High Protein Diet (HPD) + Lac100 and 4) HPD + CLA. The Lac100 (calcium salts of soybean oil) was used as a placebo. CLA was protected by encapsulation (prills) and the product contained 16% CLA. In the second trial, 12 lactating dairy cows were evaluated in three periods: a) Basal: for 12 days, all cows received a baseline diet (High fiber without FO); b) Suplementation: 4 cows/group received the treatments for 21 days: 1) High fiber diet + FO (HF+FO); 2) Low fiber diet without FO (LF) and 3) Low fiber diet + FO (LF+FO); c) Post-supplementation: cows returned to baseline diet on 12 days. Results from the first trial showed that CLA protection method was innefficient. Thus, milk fat reduction was smaller than in other studies. Protection of calcium salts of soybean oil was also small which resulted in higher cis-9 trans-11 CLA and lower linoleic acid concentrations (P<0.05) in milk from cows fed Lac100. In despite of similar milk trans-10 cis-12 CLA increase in response to CLA and Lac100, milk fat content was lower (P<0.05) in cows fed CLA. It suggests the presence of other fat inhibitors (or precursors) in the product containing CLA isomers. Moreover, concentration of milk trans-10 cis-12 CLA explained ~50% of MFD suggesting others factors influencing milk fat synthesis. Results of the second trial were inedit in showing the close association of milk trans-9 cis-11 CLA and C18:1cis-11 concentrations and FO-induced MFD. MFD resulted from a lower (P<0,01) secretion of both de novo and preformed milk fatty acids. It suggests that mechanisms of FO-induced MFD must involve the inhibition of different lipogenic enzymes. The lower (P<0.01) dessaturase activity index in cows fed FO is consistent with this hypothesis. In contrast to FO, milk fat secretion was unchanged (P>0.1) by LF diet which is consistent with low CLA trans-10 cis-12 and C18:1trans-10 concentrations in milk from cows fed this diet. Contents of milk protein and milk lactose increased (P<0.05) in cows fed LF and FO diets, respectivelly.
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38

McGregor, Neil Roland. "An investigation of the association between toxin producing staphylococcus, biochemical changes and jaw muscle pain." University of Sydney. Prosthetic Dentistry, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/369.

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Objectives: To assess the expression of the symptoms of jaw muscle pain and its association with alterations in biochemistry, other symptoms and the carriage of staphylococci. Methods: Three different study populations were assessed. The first was selected and examined by the author and consisted of 43 pain and 41 age and sex matched controls. The second was a study of CFS patients who were blinded to the author and the author subsequently examined the associations between jaw muscle symptom reporting and the standardised biochemistry measures. The third study was also blinded to the author but included an investigation of staphylococci and certain cytokine and biochemistry measures. Results: The three studies clearly establish an association between the carriage of toxicogenic coagulase negative staphylococci and the expression of jaw muscle pain in both males and females. These associations were homogeneous and were found whether the patients were selected on the basis of having jaw muscle pain or selected from within a population of patients selected on the basis of having Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. The studies associated the changes with variations in biochemistry and these were in turn associated with symptom expression within the jaw muscle pain patients. These biochemical alterations included the dysregulation of immune cell counts, cytokines, electrolyte and protein metabolism. These symptoms and biochemical changes were associated with pain severity and illness duration and staphylococcal toxin production. From the data a model was developed which shows the mechanisms involved in the development of chronic pain in the jaw muscles. Conclusions: The carriage of toxicogenic coagulase-negative staphylococci were found to be associated with the expression of jaw muscle pain and the alterations in biochemistry associated with these symptoms.
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39

Hinnouho, Guy-Marino. "Phénotype « obésité à profil cardiométabolique normal » et risque de pathologies chroniques dans les cohortes Whitehall II et GAZEL." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T060/document.

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L’obésité est devenue un véritable problème de santé publique. Elle est fréquemment associée à plusieurs anomalies cardiométaboliques telles que l’hypertension artérielle, l’insulinorésistance et les dyslipidémies qui font le lit du diabète de type 2 et des maladies cardiovasculaires. Cependant la fréquence de ces anomalies varie considérablement parmi les sujets obèses faisant de cette maladie chronique une situation clinique très hétérogène. A ce titre un nouveau concept a émergé, impliquant une population de patients sans facteurs de risque apparents, appelé « obèse métaboliquement sain » ou « metabolically healthy obese » (MHO). Des efforts sont en cours pour comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents à ce phénotype et ses conséquences à long terme. L’objectif principal de cette thèse était d’étudier le lien entre le phénotype MHO et diverses pathologies chroniques connues pour être associées à l’obésité. Les données provenant des cohortes Whitehall II et GAZEL ont été utilisées pour examiner les associations entre le phénotype MHO et la mortalité, les maladies cardiovasculaires, le diabète de type 2 et la dépression. En comparaison aux sujets de poids normal métaboliquement sains, les individus MHO ont un risque accru de mortalité globale et cardiovasculaire, de diabète de type 2 et de maladies cardiovasculaires mais pas de dépression. Comparés aux sujets obèses avec anomalies métaboliques, les individus MHO ont un risque similaire de mortalité et de maladies cardiovasculaires, mais un moindre risque de diabète de type 2 et dépression. Nos résultats suggèrent que l’obésité à profil cardiométabolique normal n’est pas une condition bénigne. Une meilleure compréhension de ce phénotype contribuera à améliorer la décision thérapeutique et aidera peut-être à identifier des cibles thérapeutiques nouvelles
Obesity has become a major public health concern. It is frequently associated with several cardiometabolic abnormalities such as hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia leading to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, the frequency of these abnormalities varies widely among obese subjects, making this chronic condition a very heterogeneous clinical situation. As such a new concept has emerged, involving a population of patients without metabolic risk, called "metabolically healthy obese" (MHO). Intense interest surrounds the MHO phenotype with on-going efforts to understand the mechanisms underlying this phenotype and its long-term consequences. The main objective of this thesis was to study the relationship between the MHO phenotype and various chronic diseases known to be associated with obesity. Data from the Whitehall II and GAZEL cohorts were used to examine associations between this phenotype and mortality, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and depression. Compared to metabolically healthy normal weight subjects, MHO individuals have an increased risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, but not depression. Compared to metabolically unhealthy obese subjects, MHO individuals have a similar risk of mortality and cardiovascular disease, but a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, and depression. Our results suggest that obesity with normal cardiometabolic profile is not a benign condition. A better understanding of this phenotype will enhance therapeutic decision making and possibly help to identify new therapeutic targets
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40

Tran, Hoang V. "Ventricular Arrhythmias Complicating Coronary Artery Disease: Recent Trends, Risk Associated with Serum Glucose Levels, and Psychological Impact." eScholarship@UMMS, 2018. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/980.

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Introduction: Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) are common after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and are associated with worse clinical outcomes. However, little is known about recent trends in their occurrence, their association with serum glucose levels, and their psychological impact in ACS setting. Methods: We examined 25-year (1986-2011) trends in the incidence rates (IRs) and hospital case-fatality rates (CFRs) of VAs, and the association between serum glucose levels and VAs in patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the Worcester Heart Attack Study. Lastly, we examined the relationship between in-hospital occurrence of VAs and 12-month progression of depression and anxiety among hospital survivors of an ACS in the longitudinal TRACE-CORE study. Results: We found the IRs declined for several major VAs between 1986 and 2011while the hospital CFRs declined in both patients with and without VAs over this period. Elevated serum glucose levels at hospital admission were associated with a higher risk of developing in-hospital VAs. Occurrence of VAs, however, was not associated with worsening progression of symptoms of depression and/or anxiety over a 12-month follow-up period in patients discharged after an ACS. Conclusions: The burden and impact of VAs in patients with an AMI has declined over time. Elevated serum glucose levels at hospital admission may serve as a predictor for in-hospital occurrence of serious cardiac arrhythmias. In-hospital occurrence of VAs may not be associated with worsening progression of symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with an ACS.
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41

Henninger, Nils. "Inhibiting Axon Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Acute Brain Injury Through Deletion of Sarm1." eScholarship@UMMS, 2017. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/900.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Annually, 150 to 200/1,000,000 people become disabled as a result of brain trauma. Axonal degeneration is a critical, early event following TBI of all severities but whether axon degeneration is a driver of TBI remains unclear. Molecular pathways underlying the pathology of TBI have not been defined and there is no efficacious treatment for TBI. Despite this significant societal impact, surprisingly little is known about the molecular mechanisms that actively drive axon degeneration in any context and particularly following TBI. Although severe brain injury may cause immediate disruption of axons (primary axotomy), it is now recognized that the most frequent form of traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is mediated by a cascade of events that ultimately result in secondary axonal disconnection (secondary axotomy) within hours to days. Proposed mechanisms include immediate post-traumatic cytoskeletal destabilization as a direct result of mechanical breakage of microtubules, as well as catastrophic local calcium dysregulation resulting in microtubule depolymerization, impaired axonal transport, unmitigated accumulation of cargoes, local axonal swelling, and finally disconnection. The portion of the axon that is distal to the axotomy site remains initially morphologically intact. However, it undergoes sudden rapid fragmentation along its full distal length ~72 h after the original axotomy, a process termed Wallerian degeneration. Remarkably, mice mutant for the Wallerian degeneration slow (Wlds) protein exhibit ~tenfold (for 2–3 weeks) suppressed Wallerian degeneration. Yet, pharmacological replication of the Wlds mechanism has proven difficult. Further, no one has studied whether Wlds protects from TAI. Lastly, owing to Wlds presumed gain-of-function and its absence in wild-type animals, direct evidence in support of a putative endogenous axon death signaling pathway is lacking, which is critical to identify original treatment targets and the development of viable therapeutic approaches. Novel insight into the pathophysiology of Wallerian degeneration was gained by the discovery that mutant Drosophila flies lacking dSarm (sterile a/Armadillo/Toll-Interleukin receptor homology domain protein) cell-autonomously recapitulated the Wlds phenotype. The pro-degenerative function of the dSarm gene (and its mouse homolog Sarm1) is widespread in mammals as shown by in vitro protection of superior cervical ganglion, dorsal root ganglion, and cortical neuron axons, as well as remarkable in-vivo long-term survival (>2 weeks) of transected sciatic mouse Sarm1 null axons. Although the molecular mechanism of function remains to be clarified, its discovery provides direct evidence that Sarm1 is the first endogenous gene required for Wallerian degeneration, driving a highly conserved genetic axon death program. The central goals of this thesis were to determine (1) whether post-traumatic axonal integrity is preserved in mice lacking Sarm1, and (2) whether loss of Sarm1 is associated with improved functional outcome after TBI. I show that mice lacking the mouse Toll receptor adaptor Sarm1 gene demonstrate multiple improved TBI-associated phenotypes after injury in a closed-head mild TBI model. Sarm1-/- mice developed fewer beta amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) aggregates in axons of the corpus callosum after TBI as compared to Sarm1+/+ mice. Furthermore, mice lacking Sarm1 had reduced plasma concentrations of the phosphorylated axonal neurofilament subunit H, indicating that axonal integrity is maintained after TBI. Strikingly, whereas wild type mice exhibited a number of behavioral deficits after TBI, I observed a strong, early preservation of neurological function in Sarm1-/- animals. Finally, using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, I found tissue signatures consistent with substantially preserved neuronal energy metabolism in Sarm1-/- mice compared to controls immediately following TBI. My results indicate that the Sarm1-mediated prodegenerative pathway promotes pathogenesis in TBI and suggest that anti-Sarm1 therapeutics are a viable approach for preserving neurological function after TBI.
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42

Yang, Ju-Ya, and 楊茹雅. "Impact of Depression Tendency and Health-Promoting Lifestyle on Metabolic Syndrome." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43673558856751684014.

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碩士
亞洲大學
健康產業管理學系健康管理組碩士在職專班
103
Research background: Chronic diseases have become ten major causes of death in past years, and metabolic syndromes are the early stage of chronic diseases, including various predecessor states and risk factors in cardiovascular diseases and error of metabolism. Past research findings presented that patients with metabolic syndromes, which were closely related to other diseases like malignant tumors and depression, showed 4-6 times chances suffering from hypertension and diabetes mellitus. This study therefore aims to understand the distribution the metabolic syndromes, depression tendency, and health promotion lifestyle of military personnel, further discusses the correlation between depression tendency, health promotion lifestyle and metabolic syndromes, and finds out the factors. Research method: With cross-sectional research, military personnel with physical examinations in a regional hospital in March, 2015, are investigated. The questionnaire covers the contents of personal characteristics, medical data, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and Health Promotion Lifestyle Scale II (HPLP-II). Total 393 valid copies are collected; Descriptive Statistics, Chi-square Analysis, and Independent Sample t-test are used for statistical analyses; and, Logistic Regression Analysis is applied to discuss the factors in the metabolic syndromes of military personnel. Research result: Most participants are males, total 329 (83.7%), with the average age 27.7. The mean score for depression appears 12.73 (full score 60), and total 132 participants (33.6%) present depression tendency (score ³16). The mean score for health promotion lifestyle reveals 128.85 (full score 208), in which the dimension of interpersonal support receives the highest score. 11.5% (45) cases appear metabolic syndromes; 55.7% military personnel show at least one aberrant metabolic syndrome index, while 25.7% of them reveal more than two aberrant indices; and, among aberrant metabolic syndrome indices, higher blood pressure (29%), abdominal obesity (20.4%), and lower high-density cholesterol (18.6%) are top three indices. According to Logistic Regression Model, the risk of suffering from metabolic syndromes increase 1.12 times with one year increase of age; the ones with family medical histories reveal 2.71 times higher risk of suffering than those without family medical histories; the suffering risk would enhance 1.42 times when BMI increases 1kg/m2; and, the risk of suffering would reduce 0.04 time when the total score of health promotion lifestyle increases 1. Conclusion and suggestion: Significant factors in the metabolic syndromes of military personnel contain age, family medical history, BMI, and health promotion lifestyle. The following suggestions therefore are proposed in this study. (1) Patients suffering from metabolic syndromes and the ones with BMI exceeding the normal value could be reinforced the health promotion lifestyle cognition, continuously intervened with nutrition education and exercise courses, and proceeded health weight management to enhance the opportunity to reverse metabolic syndromes. (2) Participants with depression tendency should be actively offered mental health related health education and counseling, and personnel with depression symptoms should be actively assisted and intervened.
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43

MacIntyre, Scott. "The Effects of Metabolic Depression Induced by Food Deprivation on Hypoxia Tolerance of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6838.

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Hypoxic condition is a naturally occurring environmental stressor in aquatic ecosystems. However, due to modern anthropocentric activities, hypoxia has been increasing in prevalence and severity. Rainbow trout, a keystone species in many North American lakes, is hypoxia intolerant. As a result, this species is of particular concern when studying the effects of hypoxia on an organism’s physiological functioning. Chronic starvation was used as a tool to induce metabolic depression to determine the effect that depressed metabolic rate had on hypoxia tolerance. Juvenile rainbow trout were deprived of food for five weeks at 15oC. Each week, routine metabolic rate (RMR) and critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) were measured. Concomitantly, resting and post-hypoxia fish (8 h at ~50% air saturation) were sampled to measure metabolites in blood, liver and muscle, as well as enzyme activities in select tissues. Food deprivation resulted in a decrease in routine metabolic rate (RMR) and shift towards an increased reliance on aerobic metabolism. Pcrit decreased significantly following four weeks of food deprivation respectively, indicating that metabolic depression induced by food deprivation may confer an increased tolerance to low environmental oxygen concentration ([O2]). However, marginal metabolic scope (MMS), another indicator of hypoxia tolerance, did not change in response to metabolic depression. Furthermore, subjecting trout to O2 limitation resulted in mobilization of carbohydrates from the liver subsequently leading to hyperglycemia. This was likely a survival technique ensuring that if severe hypoxia ensues, anaerobic substrates are ready for transport to the necessary tissues.
Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2011-10-12 23:21:04.517
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44

Austin-Ketch, Tammy. "Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress study an exploratory analysis of post-traumatic stress, depression, metabolic syndrome and salivary cortisol /." 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594501291&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=39334&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2008.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 11, 2009) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Thesis adviser: Violanti, John Includes bibliographical references.
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45

Park, Eunmi. "Molecular and biochemical responses to sand-dwelling in the three-spot wrasse (Halichoeres trimaculatus)." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4103.

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The three-spot wrasse (Halichoeres trimaculatus) is distributed in and around the coral reefs and shallow rocky areas in the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific regions. This species displays a distinct diurnal behavior, burrowing under the sand at dusk and emerging out of the sand at dawn, which appears to be synchronized to the photoperiod. In this thesis, the hypothesis tested was that this unique life-style subjected the animal to daily hypoxia exposure while under the sand at night. The measurements of oxygen concentration in the sand around the fish at night confirmed a complete lack of oxygen. The study had three specific objectives: i) obtain a tissue-specific temporal profile of the hypoxia-related molecular and biochemical responses in wrasse over a 24 h diurnal cycle, ii) determine the responses that were unique to sand dwelling and iii) determine if the responses seen at night in the sand are similar to an anoxic response in this species. Wrasse were maintained in a flow-through seawater aquaria (29 ±1°C), with sand at the bottom for the fish to hide, and kept under natural photoperiod. The fish were sampled at 10:00, 14:00, 18:00, 21:00, 24:00, 3:00, and 6:00 clock time and plasma and tissue (brain, liver, gill, heart and muscle) were collected to determine the molecular and biochemical responses over a 24 h period. Fish were also sampled from aquaria without sand at night to determine the responses that were specific to hiding in the sand, while fish exposed to nitrogen gas bubbling for 6 and 12 h served as the anoxic group. A partial cDNA sequence of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and neuroglobin (two genes that are hypoxia-responsive) were cloned and sequenced from the liver and brain, respectively, and their expression was determined using real-time quantitative PCR. HIF-1α mRNA abundance was higher in the brain compared to the liver and the gills, while a clear pattern of diurnal change in tissue HIF-1α and brain neuroglobin gene expressions was not observed at night relative to the fish during the day. However, wrasse brain showed a significant reduction in glycogen content at night under the sand and this corresponded with a higher hexokinase activity and increased glucose level suggesting enhanced glycolytic capacity. The plasma glucose and lactate levels were significantly lower at night, while in sand, relative to the day. The lower plasma glucose at night corresponded with a significant drop in liver gluconeogenic capacity (reduction in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, a key gluconeogenic enzyme, activity), while the lower lactate levels support a lack of activity along with the absence of glycogen breakdown in the muscle. Overall, there was a reduction in the metabolic capacity in the gills, heart, liver and muscle, but not the brain, supporting a tissue-specific metabolic reorganization as an adaptive strategy to cope with sand-dwelling in the wrasse. The molecular and biochemical responses seen in the wrasse at night in the sand was dissimilar to that seen in fish exposed to anoxia, leading to the conclusion that this species is not experiencing a complete lack of oxygen while under the sand. Also, the lack of muscle movement associated with sand dwelling at night limits anaerobic glycolysis for energy production, thereby eliminating lactate accumulation that was evident in fish exposed to anoxia. Taken together, wrasse showed a tissue-specific difference in metabolic capacity at night while hiding under the sand. While the mechanism involved in this tissue-specific energy repartitioning at night is unclear, one hypothesis involves selective increase in blood flow to the brain, while limiting peripheral circulation, as a means to maintain oxygen and glucose delivery to this critical tissue while the fish is hiding under the sand. The higher metabolic capacity of the brain, but not other tissues, at night under the sand suggests that maintaining the brain function is essential for the diurnal life-style in this animal.
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46

Kuo, Shu-Yu, and 郭淑瑜. "Relations of Depression to Metabolic Risk Profile and Hormones in non-Clinical Samples." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73803467947534189869.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
流行病學研究所
95
Depression and obesity are both increasingly prevalent in different developmental stages. The nature of the relationships between depression and obesity, and other metabolic variables, however, remains inconclusive. The etiology underlying the depression-obesity link is also largely not clear. In this dissertation, three studies were carried out in order to investigate the nature of the association between depression and metabolic function in adolescents, and older adults, respectively; and to examine the underlying determinants of the association. A special focus will be made on the hormonal factors, such as cortisol and leptin, to examine their role in the association. Such a combination of detailed psychological assessments and physiological measurement is expected to help shed light on the interrelation of psychological well-being and metabolic function. Study 1: Genetic Correlation between Anxious/Depression and Metabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents: A Multivariate Twin/Sibling Analysis Background: To examine whether anxious/depression was associated with metabolic risk factors in non-referred adolescents and determine the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors underlying the association. The role of cortisol on the association was also investigated. Method: In a sample of same-sex twins (n = 183 pairs) and sib-pairs (n = 30 pairs) aged 12-18 recruited from middle schools in Taipei, anxious/depression was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist. Metabolic phenotypes including body mass index (BMI), levels of glucose, insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and blood pressure as well as cortisol levels were measured. Desired BMI was also examined. Multivariate genetic analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling. Results: The majority of participants fell within the category of normal weight (55%) or underweight (38%), of which 84% and 37%, respectively, wished to lose weight as revealed by the disparity between actual and desired weight. Higher scores in anxious/depression were associated with lower levels in BMI, desired BMI, and systolic blood pressure as well as with higher levels in HDL-C and, with a borderline significance level, mid-morning cortisol. There were genetic correlations between anxious/depression and BMI (rG = -0.14), desired BMI (rG = -0.18), systolic blood pressure (rG = -0.15), and the metabolic factor (rG = -0.19) derived from factor analysis. Conclusions: There was a small but significant genetic association between anxious/depression and certain metabolic risk factors, which was unlikely explained by cortisol levels, in adolescents mainly of normal- or under-weight. These provide new insights regarding the etiology of both anxious/depression and metabolic profiles. Study 2: Genetic Correlations Between Leptin and Insulin Resistance Independent of Body Mass Index in Adolescents: A Multivariate Twin/Sibling Analysis Background: Leptin levels are frequently correlated with insulin levels, blood pressure, even after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). Nonetheless, the extent to which genes or environmental factors contribute to the covariation among these traits has not been fully understood. We aimed to determine the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors underlying the associations between leptin and metabolic traits. Methods: A cross-sectional twin study was performed in 2002. Participants were recruited from middle schools in Taipei. A sample of monozygotic twins (n = 130 pairs), dizygotic twins (n= 68 pairs), and sib-pairs (n = 30 pairs) aged 12-18 was studied. Serum leptin levels and metabolic phenotypes including BMI, levels of fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and blood pressure were measured. Insulin resistance was determined by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Multivariate genetic analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling. Results: Leptin, BMI, insulin, HOMA-IR, and systolic blood pressure tended to be genetically correlated with each other, with genetic correlation ranging from 0.25 to 0.66. After adjusting for BMI, the positive genetic correlations of leptin with insulin levels and HOMA-IR were attenuated but remained significant, while those of leptin, insulin, and HOMA-IR with systolic blood pressure disappeared. Multivariate modeling identified a common genetic factor influenced leptin, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Conclusions: Substantial genetic correlations between leptin and insulin as well as between leptin and insulin resistance were found. These results provide empirical evidence to include both leptin and insulin for future multivariate genetic analyses of metabolic function. Study 3: Depression trajectories and obesity in a longitudinal study of elderly in Taiwan Background: Depression and obesity are common in older adults. However, the course of depression changes over time and their relationship with obesity are not clear. We aimed to 1) characterize trajectories of depressive symptoms and identify predictors of trajectory classes; 2).determine the association between these trajectories and obesity as well as subsequent metabolic function and cortisol levels. Method: A prospective cohort study of older Taiwanese adults (n = 3922) was carried out between 1989 and 1999. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Metabolic variables including body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, levels of glucose, and blood pressure as well as cortisol levels were measured. Trajectory analyses were conducted using semi-parametric group-based modeling. The associations between depression trajectories and baseline characteristics, and BMI categories were examined using multinomial logistic regression. Results: Four distinctive trajectories of depressive symptom were identified: class 1 (“persistent low”; 41.8 %), class 2 (“persistent mild”; 46.8 %), class 3 (“late peak”; 4.2 %), and class 4 (“high-chronic”; 7.2 %). Gender, educational level, regular exercise, chronic disease, and self-assessed health predicted development of trajectory pattern. The pattern of depression trajectory was inversely associated with BMI. Women with BMI≧25.0 were less likely to be in class 2, 3, and 4 (OR = 0.61, 0.48, 0.19 respectively). The odds for men with BMI <18.5 to develop class 3 and 4 were 3.24, and 4.14, respectively. High depressive symptoms were positively linked to subsequent high blood pressure and high levels of cortisol. Conclusions: There existed distinct classes of depressive symptoms changes over time. An inverse association for depression and BMI, while a positive association for depression and high blood pressure was found. These findings may be of interest to health professionals who wish to target depression and obesity to promote the well-being in late life.
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47

Kuo, Shu-Yu. "Relations of Depression to Metabolic Risk Profile and Hormones in non-Clinical Samples." 2007. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2007200716302800.

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48

LIN, CHIA-CHUN, and 林佳君. "Relationships Among Disease Knowledge, Depression, Quality of Life and TCM Syndromes in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ga5vu3.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立臺北護理健康大學
中西醫結合護理研究所
106
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of demographic data, disease characteristics, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome type of patients with metabolic syndrome on their disease knowledge, depression, and quality of life. This cross-sectional correlational study used purposive sampling to enroll a total of 161 patients at the outpatient clinic of metabolism in a certain regional teaching hospital in the northern Taiwan as the subjects. The questionnaire collected the data of patients, such as basic demographic data, disease characteristics, metabolic syndrome disease knowledge, depression, quality of life, and TCM syndrome type. This study used statistical methods, such as frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation, regression equation, and Pearson product-moment correlation to perform analyses. The research results showed that: (1) Results of descriptive statistics: a total of 161 patients were enrolled, with 81 male and 80 female patients. The mean age was 62.66 years old, the mean weight was 78.02 kg, and the mean waist circumference was 99.22 cm. The TCD syndrome type of most of the patients was weak constitution type (38.5%), and the score of disease knowledge was lower (3.34 points; total score 12 points). No patients experienced depression tendency (93.8%). The patients’ quality of life was moderate and above (90.08 points) (total score 140 points). (2) Results of differential analysis: educational background, marital status, employment status, and a history of hypertension, diabetes, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) all had a significant effect on disease knowledge (p<0.05); employment status, exercise, and high uric acid all had a significant effect on depression (p<0.05); marital status, exercise, and high uric acid all had a significant effect on quality of life(p<0.05); demographic data, disease characteristics, depression, and quality of life had a significant effect on different TCD syndrome types (p<0.05) (except for yin deficiency constitution). (3) Results of correlational analysis: weight (r=0.16, p<0.05) and total cholesterol (r=0.19, p<0.05) were positively correlated with disease knowledge. Age (r=-0.41, p<0.01) was negatively correlated with disease knowledge. For the results of depression scale (WHO-5), the higher the score is, the higher the well-being is. The depression score (r=0.68, p<0.01) was positively correlated with quality of life. (4) Results of test on mediators: the mediating effect of disease knowledge did not reach statistical significance (z=-0.15, p>0.05), namely, the depression and quality of life of patients with metabolic syndrome could not be further improved through disease knowledge. The depression of patients with metabolic syndrome was correlated with their quality of life. Depression affected physiology and even quality of life. Future care for patients with metabolic syndrome should better understand depression to further prevent patients from developing depression symptoms, as well as to improve their quality of life and provide complete physical, psychological, and spiritual care. Moreover, hopefully, the identification of TCM syndrome type, the understanding of correlation between disease and TCM syndrome type, and the provision of care integrating western medicine with TCM, can reduce depression complication of metabolic syndrome and offer good quality of life.
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49

Liang-Jen and 陳亮仁. "Associations Among Metabolic Syndrome , Depression, Excessive Sleepiness, and Health-related Quality of Life:Gender Difference in The Mid-aged and Elderly." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89020210347420436558.

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Abstract:
碩士
中山醫學大學
醫學研究所
99
Objective： The aim of this study is to exam the associations among metabolic syndrome, depression, excessive sleepiness, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).We hypothesized that metabolic syndrome would be associated with lower HRQoL score and higher depression and excessive sleepiness score. Methods and Materials： 378 eligible mid-aged and elderly participant were recruited to our study when their adult health examination, provided by Taiwanese National Health Insurance Company, were completed. We also offer additional and free HDL measurement to meet the criteria of metabolic syndrome. The Medical Outcome Study, short form-36 (SF-36) Beck Depression Inventory 2nd edition (BDI II) and the Epworth sleepiness scale(ESS)wese used to assess HRQoL, the level of depression, and the level of sleepiness, respectively. Differences in HRQoL and in clinical and psychological characteristics were compared among participants with and without metabolic syndrome. Multiple variances regression was used to determine the predictors of HRQoL, depression, and excessive sleepiness. Results： Metabolic syndrome was associated with lower scores on the subscales of SF-36 and on the physical component summary (PCS) score only in female. Depression and age are the top two significant predictors of lower score of SF-36 by multiple variance regression analysis. For ESS score, depression and diabete mellitus (DM) history were two predictors in female, whereas BMI and age in male. After adjusting other potential confounding variances, the presence of metabolic syndrome has little effect on depression and sleepiness score . Conclusion and Suggestion： The results indicate that metabolic syndrome is associated with poor HRQoL solely in women, which might be accounted mainly for by physical instead of mental health. That gender difference on predictors of ESS score might imply heterogeneous effect on ESS score between difference gender.
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50

Hsin, Chen Chuan, and 陳全信. "Exploring the Relationships between Metabolic Syndrome, Depression and Sleep Quality within Hospital Administrative Staffs in a Regional Hospital in Southern Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44136744584135430021.

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Abstract:
碩士
美和科技大學
健康照護研究所
100
Hospital administration integrates front-line work and rear service. The operational quality and efficiency are critical for successful hospital administration and rear service. Thus we investigate the conditions about metabolic syndrome, depression and sleep quality of hospital administrative employees. The results can be used as references of hospital administrative employee health policy, thereby improving the health of hospital administrative employees, and creating a win-win situation with staffs and organization. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence and relevance of hospital administrative employees’ metabolic syndrome, depression and sleep quality. This is a cross-sectional quantitative study with purposeful sampling. We used Taiwanese Depression Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale and structured questionnaire designed by ourselves to collect the health examination data of hospital administrative employees for analysis. We also designed instructions of questionnaire fill-out and provided them together with the questionnaires. Health examination data collection: We collected the health examination data of hospital administrative employees with 2010 annual health examination of hospital employees (from September 2010 to December 2010). Questionnaire collection period: From January 1, 2011 to February 28, 2011. The total number of participants is 224. After excluding eight people did not complete the questionnaires, there are 216 valid samples. We used SPSS 17.0 for Windows for data processing and analysis. The results are as follows: I. There was 27 metabolic syndrome patients. The prevalence was 12.1%. They were 12 males (male prevalence 13.8%) and 15 females (female prevalence 10.9%). II. In the finding of depression index, there were 183 (84.7%) without depressed mood and 33 (15.3%) with depressed mood. Non-front line staffs had higher rate of depressed mood than front line staffs; and military staffs had higher rate of depressed mood than non-military staffs. III. There are 81（37.5％） with poor sleep quality and 135（62.5％） with good sleep quality. Non-front line staffs had worse sleep quality than front line staffs; those who worked more than 3 years had worse sleep quality than those who worked less than 3 years; and those who are diseased had worse sleep quality than those who are not diseased. IV. We used multiplelogistic regression for further analysis to identify variables influencing sleep quality. The results showed that the risk of poor sleep quality of those with a disease history are 4.40 times （95% CI＝1.57-12.29）of those without disease history; and of those with depressed mood are 13.14 times （95% CI＝4.37-39.43）of those without depressed mood. Both results are statistically significant. The results can be used to establish a mechanism for caring the psychological state and lifestyle after work of employees, and improving their physical and spiritual quality as well as efficiency, thus increasing the competitiveness of the hospital operations.
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