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Academic literature on the topic 'Metabolic Aspects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Metabolic Aspects"

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Kordyum, E. L., and О. М. Nedukha. "Proposals for the ISS: «Starch» Experiment Structural-metabolic aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in microgravity." Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 6, no. 4 (July 30, 2000): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2000.04.972.

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Knight, Kathryn. "ASPECTS OF METABOLIC REGULATION." Journal of Experimental Biology 214, no. 2 (January 15, 2011): ii—iii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.214.2.iia.

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POGSON, CHRISTOPHER I., M. ANGELICA SANTANA, and MICHAEL J. FISHER. "Phenylalanine hydroxylase: metabolic aspects." Biochemical Society Transactions 13, no. 2 (April 1, 1985): 439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0130439.

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Forbes, J. M. "Metabolic aspects of satiety." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 51, no. 1 (May 1992): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns19920005.

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Asimakis, G. K. "Metabolic aspects of preconditioning." Pathophysiology 5 (June 1998): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-4680(98)80361-1.

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CLARK, M., and G. PATTEN. "Metabolic aspects of ischaemia." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 17 (1985): xii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2828(85)80372-2.

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Ito, Haruo. "Metabolic aspects of nephrolithiasis." Current Opinion in Urology 5, no. 4 (July 1995): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042307-199507000-00014.

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Heagerty, A. M. "Metabolic aspects of hypertension." International Journal of Cardiology 54, no. 1 (April 1996): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5273(96)83606-0.

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Tkachenko, E. I., and V. B. Grinevich. "Metabolic aspects of therapeutic problems." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, no. 7 (September 27, 2020): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-179-7-52-61.

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The autor sconcider the metabolic sindrom from the perspecrtive of the General theory of medicine developed by them — the theory of noospheric–anthropogenic harmoni. The paper analyzes new scientifi c data on the role of exposome, various external and internal factors that lead to the development of Metabolic syndrome. The role of various infection, disbiosis, nutrision factors (microbiota correctors, dietary fiber, etc.) are discussed.
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Russell, D. C. "Metabolic aspects of cardiac arrhythmias." Current Opinion in Cardiology 2, no. 1 (January 1987): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001573-198701010-00012.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Metabolic Aspects"

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Svensson, Maria. "Metabolic aspects on diabetic nephropathy." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-79.

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Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease and renal failure. This study focused on the impact of glycemic control on the development of DN and the metabolic consequences of DN. The euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique was used to assess insulin sensitivity and insulin clearance. Two different registries, the Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS) and the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry, as well as questionnaires and data from medical records were used to study diabetic complications in population-based cohorts.

Microalbuminuria is an early marker of DN and may also be associated with impaired insulin sensitiv-ity in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. We studied the relationship between insulin sensitivity and the degree of albuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes and micro- or macroalbuminuria but normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We did not find a direct quantitative association between the degree of albuminuria and insulin resistance, arguing against a cause-effect relationship.

With progression of DN, a decline in GFR is seen. Patients with severe renal failure have both im-paired insulin sensitivity and insulin clearance. We studied insulin sensitivity and insulin clearance in type 1 diabetes patients with three different degrees of renal involvement (none, only albuminuria, and slightly reduced GFR, ~40-70 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively). A clear reduction in insulin sensitivity in vivo, but not in insulin clearance, was seen in the group with reduced GFR, and concomitant changes in the levels of PTH, IGF-1, IL-6 and TNF-α were found. In parallel, cellular insulin sensitivity and insulin degradation were examined in vitro, in subcutaneous fat cells but no differences were found between the three groups of patients.

To study the occurrence of renal involvement in patients with modern diabetes treatment we moni-tored a cohort of young adults from the DISS-registry with onset of diabetes in 1987-88 at age 15-34 years. We found that ~7% of the patients had signs of renal involvement, i.e. incipient nephropathy (5%) and overt nephropathy (2%), after a median follow-up of ~9 years and the strongest risk markers were poor glycemic control (HbA1c) and high blood pressure. Patients with type 2 diabetes were most prone to have renal involvement in this age group.

Retrospectively, we studied 94 patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 1981-1992 at age 0-14 years at the Umeå University Hospital. Incipient nephropathy and background retinopathy occurred in 18 and 45%, respectively, of the patients, during ~12 years of follow-up. Glycemic control, also during the first five years of diabetes, was a strong risk marker. Young age at onset of diabetes prolonged the time to development of microvascular complications.

Conclusion: Despite modern diabetes treatment some patients with diabetes develop renal involvement within the first ten years. Inadequate glycemic control, also early in the disease, is a risk marker as well as type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. In patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic neph-ropathy a slightly reduced GFR, but not albuminuria, is associated with insulin resistance. Concomi-tant changes in insulin-antagonistic hormones and cytokines may be involved.

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Small, J. R. "Theoretical aspects of metabolic control." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382208.

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Gauna, Carlotta. "Metabolic aspects of the ghrelin system." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/10528.

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Yasmin, Ephia. "Metabolic aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.545722.

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Riley, Marshall S. "Metabolic aspects of chronic cardiac failure." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335264.

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Wardle, Catherine A. "Metabolic aspects of the hypoxic heart." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20278.

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Coronary heart disease is a major cause of death in Western society. Many studies have demonstrated the importance of lipid metabolism in the deterioration in cardiac function and the development of lethal arrhythmias during ischaemia. It has been suggested that a TAG-NEFA (triacylglycerol - non-esterified fatty acid) 'wasteful' cycle exists in the ischaemic heart and that increased operation of the cycle depletes ATP (adenosine triphosphate) supplies for the energy dependent ion pumps, disturbs membrane potentials and therefore causes arrhythmias. The aim of this thesis was to quantify energy wastage due to the operation of the TAG-NEFA cycle in the heart during oxygen deprivation. The hypoxic, isolated, perfused rat heart was used as the experimental model. Cannulation of the pulmonary artery allowed anaerobic sampling of coronary effluent for measurement of blood gases, and therefore calculation of oxygen uptake. Glycerol release was used as an index of TAG breakdown. Lactate production and tissue concentrations of ATP, CP (creatine phosphate), glycogen, α-glycerophosphate, glycerol and TAG were measured. The rate of TAG-NEFA cycling could therefore be calculated. The influence of severity of hypoxia on the rate of TAG-NEFA cycling was studied. A positive correlation between severity of hypoxia and energy utilization by the operation of the cycle was demonstrated. However, even during severe hypoxia (10% O_2, 85% N_2, 5% CO_2), the proportion of the total ATP produced during hypoxia utilized in the operation of the cycle was small (less than 3%). The influence of age, fasting(48h) and obesity on the operation of the TAG-NEFA cycle during normoxia and hypoxia was also studied. A five-fold difference in myocardial TAG concentration was found to be of little importance in determining the rate of the TAG-NEFA cycle. The rate of cycling was reduced in fasted rats. The role of endogenous catecholamines in the metabolic changes induced by hypoxia was investigated. Myocardial noradrenaline release could not be stimulated by oxygen deprivation. In contrast to isoprenaline-stimulated glycerol release, hypoxia-stimulated glycerol release could not be inhibited by β-adrenoceptor blocking agents. Furthermore, depletion of endogenous catecholamines by pretreament of rats with 6-hydroxydopamine caused only a 30% reduction in hypoxia stimulated glycerol release. In conclusion: 1) The operation of the TAG-NEFA cycle during hypoxia does not appear to cause a major drain on high energy phosphate supplies in the heart. 2) The rate of cycling is independent of myocardial TAG concentrations. 3) Glycerokinase activity can be demonstrated in the rat heart. 4) Glycerol release during hypoxia is mediated by non-adrenergic mechanisms and cannot be assumed to be an accurate reflection of myocardial lipolysis.
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Lindholm, Åsa Maria. "Metabolic Aspects in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-120235.

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Lindholm, Åsa Maria. "Metabolic Aspects in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-120235.

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women of childbearing age and is associated with a number of metabolic disturbances. It has been hypothesised these women carry an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with advancing age. The first aim of this thesis was to establish the prevalence of PCOS-related symptoms in Northern Sweden. The Northern part of the WHO MONICA project was used for this purpose. Based on self-reported menstrual disturbances and hirsutism together with biochemical analyses of free androgen index, the estimated prevalence of PCOS in Northern Sweden was 4.8%, which corresponded with previous prevalence studies. Disturbances in the fibrinolytic system are predictors of future cardiovascular events and measurements of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) activity and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) mass concentration may be used to assess fibrinolytic activity in women with PCOS. From the findings, over-weight women with PCOS had impaired fibrinolysis, especially if they displayed objective biochemical markers of hyperandrogenism. Conversely, lean women with PCOS, displayed no signs of disturbed fibrinolysis. The adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ that produces and releases hormones, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and chemoattractant cytokines. Proinflammatory molecules produced by adipose tissue can be active participants in the development of insulin resistance and the increased risk of cardiovascular disease associated with obesity. The findings suggested being overweight, rather than the PCOS diagnosis per se, was the main explanatory variable for elevated adipose tissue inflammation in PCOS patients. Weight reduction is the primary target for intervention in overweight and obese women with PCOS. When this thesis was planned, no placebo-controlled trials on anti-obesity drugs in women with PCOS had been conducted. Sibutramine in combination with lifestyle intervention resulted in significant weight reduction in overweight women with PCOS. In addition to the weight loss, sibutramine appeared to have a beneficial effect on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Bisi, Maria Cristina <1983&gt. "Bioengineering of exercise: biomechanical and metabolic aspects." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2543/.

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The field of research of this dissertation concerns the bioengineering of exercise, in particular the relationship between biomechanical and metabolic knowledge. This relationship can allow to evaluate exercise in many different circumstances: optimizing athlete performance, understanding and helping compensation in prosthetic patients and prescribing exercise with high caloric consumption and minimal joint loading to obese subjects. Furthermore, it can have technical application in fitness and rehabilitation machine design, predicting energy consumption and joint loads for the subjects who will use the machine. The aim of this dissertation was to further understand how mechanical work and metabolic energy cost are related during movement using interpretative models. Musculoskeletal models, when including muscle energy expenditure description, can be useful to address this issue, allowing to evaluate human movement in terms of both mechanical and metabolic energy expenditure. A whole body muscle-skeletal model that could describe both biomechanical and metabolic aspects during movement was identified in literature and then was applied and validated using an EMG-driven approach. The advantage of using EMG driven approach was to avoid the use of arbitrary defined optimization functions to solve the indeterminate problem of muscle activations. A sensitivity analysis was conducted in order to know how much changes in model parameters could affect model outputs: the results showed that changing parameters in between physiological ranges did not influence model outputs largely. In order to evaluate its predicting capacity, the musculoskeletal model was applied to experimental data: first the model was applied in a simple exercise (unilateral leg press exercise) and then in a more complete exercise (elliptical exercise). In these studies, energy consumption predicted by the model resulted to be close to energy consumption estimated by indirect calorimetry for different intensity levels at low frequencies of movement. The use of muscle skeletal models for predicting energy consumption resulted to be promising and the use of EMG driven approach permitted to avoid the introduction of optimization functions. Even though many aspects of this approach have still to be investigated and these results are preliminary, the conclusions of this dissertation suggest that musculoskeletal modelling can be a useful tool for addressing issues about efficiency of movement in healthy and pathologic subjects.
L’ambito di ricerca di questa tesi riguarda la bioingegneria dell’esercizio fisico, in particolare l’integrazione tra conoscenze biomeccaniche e metaboliche. La relazione tra questi due aspetti consentirebbe una valutazione completa dell’esercizio fisico che potrebbe aiutare la pratica clinica in diversi ambiti (ottimizzazione della performance di atleti, comprensione e compensazione del consumo energetico nei pazienti protesizzati, identificazione di esercizi ad alto consumo calorico e basso carico alle articolazioni per pazienti in sovrappeso). Inoltre, potrebbe avere applicazioni tecniche nel design di macchine per il fitness e per la riabilitazione. Lo scopo di questo lavoro era di approfondire la conoscenza riguardante la relazione tra lavoro meccanico e costo energetico metabolico durante il movimento, attraverso l’utilizzo di modelli interpretativi. Il problema è stato affrontato attraverso l’utilizzo di modelli muscolo scheletrici che includono oltre alla descrizione meccanica anche la descrizione della spesa energetica muscolare e che quindi permettono di valutare il movimento umano sia in termini meccanici che in termini di spesa energetica. E’ stato identificato in letteratura un modello muscolo scheletrico dell’intero corpo che potesse descrivere sia aspetti meccanici che metabolici; tale modello è stato applicato e validato utilizzando un approccio guidato da dati sperimentali di cinematica e elettromiografia (EMG-driven). Il vantaggio principale nell’utilizzo di un approccio EMG-driven è evitare l’introduzione di funzioni di ottimizzazione arbitrarie che servono per risolvere il problema indeterminato delle forze muscolari attorno alle articolazioni. E’ stata quindi condotta un’analisi di sensitività sul modello con lo scopo di conoscere quanto le variazioni nei parametri possono influire sulle uscite del modello stesso: i risultati hanno mostrato che variazioni dei parametri all’interno di range fisiologici non influenzano largamente le uscite del modello. Successivamente, il modello muscolo scheletrico è stato applicato ai dati sperimentali al fine di valutare la sua capacità predittiva: la valutazione è stata prima effettuata su un esercizio semplice (leg press unilaterale) e poi su uno più completo (esercizio ellittico). Le predizioni energetiche del modello sono risultate vicine ai dati di consumo energetici stimati tramite calorimetria indiretta nei casi studiati, in particolare alle basse velocità di esercizio e a diversi livelli di intensità. In conclusione, l’utilizzo di modelli muscolo scheletrici per predire il consumo energetico è risultato promettente e l’uso di un approccio EMG-driven ha permesso di evitare l’utilizzo di funzioni di ottimizzazione. Sebbene i risultati ottenuti siano preliminari e molti aspetti dell’approccio proposto debbano essere ulteriormente studiati, le conclusioni di questa tesi suggeriscono che la modellazione muscolo scheletrica può essere uno strumento utile per rispondere a domande riguardanti l’efficienza del movimento in soggetti sani o patologici.
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Guberović, Iva. "The metabolic aspects of macroH2A histone variants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673875.

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The histone variant macroH2A is the only structural chromatin component containing a macrodomain. In vertebrates, two genes and one event of alternative splicing give rise to three macroH2A proteins that differ in their macrodomains. As histone variants, macroH2A proteins contribute to the protein content of chromatin (Buschbeck & Hake, 2017). On the other hand, the capacity to bind ADP-ribose via its macrodomain is limited to the splice variant macroH2A1.1 (Kustatscher et al., 2005). As a consequence, macroH2A1.1, but not macroH2A1.2 or macroH2A2, binds auto-ADP-ribosylated PARP1 (Timinszky et al., 2009). Since the alternative splicing of the exon 5 affects the binding pocket of macroH2A1.2, as a consequence it cannot bind ADP-ribose (Kustatscher et al., 2005) and it remains an orphan protein. In the first study presented here, we investigated the evolution of the macrodomain-containing histone variant macroH2A1.1, an integral chromatin component that limits nuclear NAD+ consumption by inhibiting PARP1. We found that macroH2A originated in pre-metazoan protists. The crystal structure of the macroH2A macrodomain from the protist Capsaspora allowed us to identify highly conserved principles of ligand binding and pinpoint key residue substitutions, selected for during the evolution of the vertebrate stem lineage. Metabolic characterization of the Capsaspora life cycle indicated that the metabolic function of macroH2A was associated with non-proliferative stages. Taken together, we provide insight into the evolution of a chromatin element involved in compartmental NAD regulation, relevant for understanding of its metabolism and potential therapeutic applications. In the second study, we described the structurally relevant elements for ligand binding by the orphan macroH2A isoform, macroH2A1.2. Furthermore, using targeted and untargeted approaches on the verge of in silico, in vitro and in cellulo approaches, we detected phospholipids as the first putative physiological ligands of macroH2A1.2. We further observed a behavioral phenotype in macroH2A1.2 knock-out mice and report for the first time the upregulation of macroH2A1.2 expression in the differentiated cells, more specifically in differentiated neurons. We postulate that macroH2A1.2 might have a binding-pocket related role in the regulation of behavior, similarly to what was observed for PPARα in hypothalamus, whereby it regulates animal behavior depending on the binding of its phospholipid ligands (Chakravarthy et al., 2007; Roy et al., 2016).
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Books on the topic "Metabolic Aspects"

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Stracquadanio, Mariagrazia, and Lilliana Ciotta. Metabolic Aspects of PCOS. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16760-2.

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Workshop Conference Hoechst-Werk Albert (1987 Frankfurt, Germany). Muscle ischaemia: Functional and metabolic aspects. Edited by Hudlicka O and Okyayuz-Baklouti I. München: C. Wolf, 1988.

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Ami, Schattner, and Knobler Hilla, eds. Metabolic aspects of chronic liver disease. New York: Nova Biomedical Books, 2008.

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NATO Advanced Research Workshop and INSERM Symposium on Lipid Storage Disorders: Biological and Medical Aspects (1987 Toulouse, France). Lipid storage disorders: Biological and medical aspects. New York: Plenum Press, 1988.

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Beck-Nielsen, Henning. The metabolic syndrome: Pharmacology and clinical aspects. Wien: Springer, 2013.

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Waly, Mostafa I., ed. Nutritional Management and Metabolic Aspects of Hyperhomocysteinemia. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57839-8.

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1933-, Simopoulos Artemis P., ed. Nutrition and fitness: Cultural, genetic, and metabolic aspects. Basel: Karger, 2008.

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European Association of Nuclear Medicine, ed. Radionuclide metabolic therapy: Clinical aspects, dosimetry and imaging. Vienna: European Association of Nuclear Medicine, 2013.

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1930-, Ostrow J. Donald, ed. Bile pigments and jaundice: Molecular, metabolic, and medical aspects. New York: Dekker, 1986.

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Poon, Pat. Dr. Poon's metabolic diet. [Place of publication not identified]: Dr. Pat Poon, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Metabolic Aspects"

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Beevers, Harry. "Metabolic Sinks." In Physiological Aspects of Crop Yield, 169–80. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/1969.physiologicalaspects.c18.

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Vega, G. L. "Lipid metabolism: metabolic consequences of moderate hypertriglyceridemia." In New Aspects in Diabetes, edited by Pierre J. Lefèbvre and Eberhard Standl, 59–70. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110859447-007.

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Sangster, Nicholas C., Alvaro Martínez-Moreno, and José Pérez. "Pathology, pathophysiology and clinical aspects." In Fasciolosis, 145–79. 2nd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789246162.0005.

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Abstract This book chapter describes the pathology (prehepatic stages, hepatic stages, other host species), clinical aspects, effects on blood components, pathophysiology and metabolic aspects, effects on metabolism, and pathogenesis of Fasciola infection.
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Oudemans-van Straaten, Heleen M., Horng-Ruey Chua, Olivier Joannes-Boyau, and Rinaldo Bellomo. "Metabolic Aspects of CRRT." In Acute Nephrology for the Critical Care Physician, 203–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17389-4_16.

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Williams, C. J., and S. A. Jimenez. "Genetic and Metabolic Aspects." In Osteoarthritis, 134–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60026-5_8.

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Holt, Richard I. G., and Peter H. Sönksen. "Endocrine Aspects of the Metabolic Syndrome." In The Metabolic Syndrome, 120–38. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444347319.ch8.

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Stracquadanio, Mariagrazia, and Lilliana Ciotta. "Introduction." In Metabolic Aspects of PCOS, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16760-2_1.

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Stracquadanio, Mariagrazia, and Lilliana Ciotta. "Etiopathogenesis." In Metabolic Aspects of PCOS, 5–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16760-2_2.

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Stracquadanio, Mariagrazia, and Lilliana Ciotta. "Clinical Features." In Metabolic Aspects of PCOS, 21–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16760-2_3.

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Ando’, Agata, and Antonio Maria D’Alessandro. "Psychological Implications of PCOS." In Metabolic Aspects of PCOS, 63–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16760-2_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Metabolic Aspects"

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Lobova, Tatyana Aleksandrovna. "Metabolic syndrome: pathogenetic aspects and prognostic value." In VIII International applied research conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-111348.

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Radoi, Ion, and Cristina Tudoran. "Aspects of metabolic disorders in pigs fed exclusively with barley." In First International Symposium on the Ecology of Salmonella in Pork Production. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-62.

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Musaeva, O. M., and M. B. Nuvakhova. "Aspects of Prevention and Treatment of Stroke Complicated by Metabolic Syndrome." In IV научно-практическая конференция «Арбатские чтения». Знание-М, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-95-9.2021.68.74.

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Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, в частности инсульты, являются одной из наиболее значимых проблем в современной медицине. Очень часто инсульты являются следствием так называемого метаболического синдрома. Данная статья описывает некоторые аспекты лечения и профилактики подобных состояний.
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Lofu, Domenico, Andrea Pazienza, Carmelo Ardito, Tommaso Di Noia, Eugenio Di Sciascio, and Felice Vitulano. "A Situation Awareness Computational Intelligent Model for Metabolic Syndrome Management." In 2022 IEEE Conference on Cognitive and Computational Aspects of Situation Management (CogSIMA). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cogsima54611.2022.9830673.

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Krysztofiak, Adam, Klaudia A. Szymonowicz, Julian Hlouschek, Christoph Waterkamp, Kexu Xiang, Daniel Hoffmann, Verena Jendrossek, and Johann Matschke. "Abstract 3065: Modeling common aspects of the metabolic response of cancer cells to ionizing radiation." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-3065.

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Kapilevich, Leonid, Anna Zakharova, Elena Dyakova, Tatiana Kironenko, Ksenya Milovanova, Elena Negodenko, Yulia Kalinnikova, Anna Orlova, and Alexandr Chibalin. "PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS A FACTOR IN THE CORRECTION OF METABOLIC DISORDERS: BIORHYTHMOLOGICAL AND AGE-RELATED ASPECTS." In XVI International interdisciplinary congress "Neuroscience for Medicine and Psychology". LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1078.sudak.ns2020-16/242-243.

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Malcata, F. Xavier. "Engineering of microalgae toward biodiesel: Facts and prospects." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/jeul5047.

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Excessive release to the atmosphere of greenhouse-effect gases—arising from combustion of fossil fuels, has urged a worldwide search for alternative sources of environment-friendly fuels; microalgae constitute an interesting possibility, owing to their widespread presence in most habitats and unique ability to synthesize oil. Microalgae require indeed only sunlight and water to grow—both freely available; together with CO2 as source of carbon—which concomitantly conveys a path for its direct sequestering from the atmosphere; and low-cost inorganic sources of phosphorus and nitrogen. However, the efficiency of the associated metabolic processes is still poor—and this has so far hampered economic feasibility of such microbial factories for eventual manufacture of biodiesel. Recent advances in genetic engineering tools, systems and synthetic biology, and bioinformatics and omics have widened the portfolio of possibilities for tailor-made genome engineering of microalgae. A holistic approach is needed to metabolic engineering, in which various aspects of cellular metabolism—including transcription factors, transporters, competing pathways, and balance between growth and proliferation are to be taken into account. In attempts to harness the potential of genetic engineering upon microalga-mediated oil production, a realistic assessment of risks and opportunities is a must. The current state-of-the-art of metabolic engineering approaches will accordingly be presented, aimed at enhancing lipid productivity by microalgal strains; technical issues will be critically discussed as well. An overview of the challenges and prospects for technical applicability of such techniques will be tackled, focused on oil for esterification downstream as biodiesel—along with ethical concerns associated to large-scale utilization of such tools.
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Aleixo, Andre Goncalves, Julia Silva Fasciani, and Thiago Luiz do Nascimento Lazaroni. "Nefroneural syndrome as a result of poisoning by diethylene glycol." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.138.

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Introduction: Diethylene glycol is a clear, hygroscopic, odorless and toxic liquid for humans. It is widely available in the industry, being widely used in the production of antifreeze, lubricants, cosmetics and plasticizers. Poisoning by ingesting this substance leads patients to an early neurological syndrome consisting of drunkenness, ataxia and, if severe, seizures and coma. Objectives: To review the central aspects of diethylene glycol intoxication, its toxic dynamics and the development of nephroneural syndrome. Methods: A literature review compiled from searches for articles in the PubMed and Medline databases was performed using the descriptors Dietilenoglicol; Ácido 2-hidroxietoxiacético; Toxicidade Renal; Álcoois tóxicos. Results: After ingestion, diethylene glycol is rapidly absorbed and distributed in the body. Metabolism occurs in the liver and the excretion of both the substance and its metabolite 2-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid (HEAA) is renal. HEAA is primarily responsible for kidney and neurological damage, which result in severe nephroneural syndrome, initially characterized by gastrointestinal changes, such as nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, followed by metabolic acidosis and emerging kidney injury. After 72 hours of intoxication, damage to the optic nerve, functional deficit of cranial nerves, tetraparesis and peripheral neuropathy can occur, which can lead the patient to death or permanent disability. HEAA causes damage to renal and nerve cells to varying degrees depending on the amount of substance ingested or the susceptibility of the intoxicated patient. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and proper patient management, in addition to good industry practices, are essential for the eradication of this intoxication.
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Pires-Neto, Ruy C., Yurica M. F. Kawaguchi, Adriana S. Hirota, Carolina Fu, Clarice Tanaka, Marcelo Park, and Carlos R. R. Carvalho. "An Early Trial Of Passive Cycling Exercise In Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Patients. Safety, Physiological And Metabolic Aspects." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a3070.

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Al-Asmar, Jawaher, Sara Rashwan, and Layla Kamareddine. "The use of Drosophila Melanogaster as a Model Organism to study the effect of Bacterial Infection on Host Survival and Metabolism." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0186.

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Enterobacteriaceae, a large family of facultative anaerobic bacteria, encloses a broad spectrum of bacterial species including Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Shigella sonnei, that produce enterotoxins and cause gastrointestinal tract diseases. While much is known about the regulation and function of enterotoxins within the intestine of the host; the lack of cheap, practical, and genetically tractable model organisms has restricted the investigation of others facets of this host-pathogen interaction. Our group, among others, has employed Drosophila melanogaster, as a model organism to shed more light on some aspects of host-pathogen interplays. In this project, we addressed the effect of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Shigella sonnei infection on altering the metabolic homeostasis of the host. Drosophila melanogaster flies were orally infected with Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, or Shigella sonnei, a method that mimics the natural route used by enteric pathogens to gain access to the gastrointestinal tract in humans. The results of our study revealed that both Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei pathogens were capable of colonizing the host gut, resulting in a reduction in the life span of the infected host. Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei infected flies also exhibited altered metabolic profiles including lipid droplets deprivation from their fat body (normal lipid storage organ in flies), irregular accumulation of lipid droplets in their gut, and significant elevation of systemic glucose and triglyceride levels. These metabolic alterations could be mechanistically attributed to the differential down-regulation in the expression of metabolic peptide hormones (Allatostatin A, Diuretic hormone 31, and Tachykinin) detected in the gut of Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei infected flies. Salmonella enterica; however, was unable to colonize the gut of the host; and therefore, Salmonella enterica infected flies exhibited a relatively normal metabolic status as that of non infected flies. Gaining a proper mechanistic understanding of infection-induced metabolic alterations helps in modulating the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract diseases in a host and opens up for promising therapeutic approaches for infection induced metabolic disorders
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Reports on the topic "Metabolic Aspects"

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Schaffer, Arthur A., D. Mason Pharr, Joseph Burger, James D. Burton, and Eliezer Zamski. Aspects of Sugar Metabolism in Melon Fruit as Determinants of Fruit Quality. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568770.bard.

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The cucurbit family, including melon, translocates the galactosyl-sucrose oligosaccharides, raffinose and stachyose, in addition to sucrose, from the source leaves to the fruit sink. The metabolism of these photoassimilates in the fruit sink controls fruit growth and development, including the horticulturally important phenomenon of sucrose accumulation, which determines melon fruit sweetness. During this research project we have characterized the complete pathway of galactosyl sucrose metabolism in developing fruit, from before anthesis until maturity. We have also compared the metabolic pathway in scurose accumulating genotypes, as compared to non-accumulating genotypes. Furthermore, we studied the pathway in different fruit tissues, in response to pollination, and also analyzed the response of the individual steps of the pathway to perturbations such as low temperature and leaf removal. The results of our studies have led to the conclusion that generally galactosyl-sucrose metabolism functions as a coordinately controlled pathway. In one case, as an immediate response to the absence of pollination, the activity of a single enzyme, UDPglu pyrophosphorylase, was drastically reduced. However, during young fruit development, sucrose accumulation, and in response to perturbations of the system, groups of enzymes, rather than single enzymes, respond in a concerted manner. Our research has characterized in detail the initial enzymes of galactosyl-sucrose metabolism, including the galactosidases, galactokinase and the UDPgal- and UDPglu pyrophosphorylases. We have discovered a novel alkaline a-galactoside which hydrolyzes both stachyose and reaffinose and thereby may have solved the dilemma of cytosolic-sucrose metabolism, since prior to this research there was no known alkaline a-galactosidase capable of hydrolyzing raffinose.
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Cohen, Jerry D., and Ephraim Epstein. Metabolism of Auxins during Fruit Development and Ripening. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7573064.bard.

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We had proposed to look at several aspects of auxin metabolism in fruit tissues: 1) IAA biosynthesis from tryptophan and IAA biosynthesis via the non-tryptophan pathway; 2) changes in the capacity to form conjugates and catabolites of auxin at different times during fruit development and; 3) the effects of modifying auxin metabolism in fruit tissues. The latter work focused primarily on the maize iaglu gene, with initial studies also using a bacterial gene for hydrolysis of IAA-aspartate. These metabolic and molecular studies were necessary to define potential benefits of auxin metabolism modification and will direct future efforts for crop improvement by genetic methods. An in vitro system was developed for the production of tomato fruit in culture starting from immature flowers in order to ascertain the effect of auxin modification on fruit ripening. IAA supplied to the fruit culture media prior to breaker stage resulted in an increase in the time period between breaker and red-ripe stages from 7 days without additional IAA to 12 days when 10-5 M IAA was added. These results suggest that significant changes in the ripening period could be obtained by alteration of auxin relationships in tomato fruit. We generated transgenic tomato plants that express either the maize iaglu gene or reduced levels of the gene that encodes the enzyme IAA-glucose synthetase. A modified shuttle vector pBI 121 expressing the maize iaglu gene in both sense and antisense orientations under a 35S promoter was used for the study. The sense plants showed total lack of root initiation and development. The antisense transgenic plants, on the other hand, had unusually well developed root systems at early stages in development. Analysis showed that the amount and activity of the endogenous 75 kDa IAGLU protein was reduced in these plants and consequently these plants had reduced levels of IAA-glucose and lower overall esterified IAA.
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Friedlander, Michael, Clinton Dawes, and Y. (Joel) Kashman. The Interaction between Epiphytes and Seaweeds. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7571355.bard.

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Two Israeli laboratories (IOLR and TAU) cooperated with one American laboratory (USF) in the research of the interaction between epiphytes (Ulva sp.) and the cultivated seaweed (Gracilaria sp.) The main objectives included the following aspects: Structural aspects, effects of different irradiances on growth, sensitivity studies, allelopathic excretions, selective chemicals and integration of studies of epiphytization. The studies were operated in outdoor tanks, indoor growth chambers and in the lab. The main conclusions and their relevance for mariculture are as following: 1. The green algal epiphyte, does penetrate its red algal host. 2. Gracilaria spp. in monoculture released more halogenated hydrocarbons than in biculture with U lactuca, whereas other metabolic parameters did not show a discriminating effect in biculture. 3. Hydrogen peroxide and halogenated hydrocarbons could be a part of the effective excretion compounds in biculture. 4. The presence of mature Gracilaria inhibited the growth of U. lactuca sporelings. 5. G. conferta is most sensitive to epiphytes among Gracilaria species tested. 6. The use of green light can enhance growth in basiphytes but inhibit epiphytes. 7. Effective selectivity has been defined by the use of hydrogen hypochlorite. 8. It may be more profitable in seaweed mariculture to select for epiphyte resistant strains than to search for inhibitors of epiphytization. 9 It is important as well to examine how the basiphyte may be able to prevent penetration. 10. Definition of the effective excretions in biculture has still to be done.
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Gibson, J. (Anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds by phototrophic bacteria: Biochemical aspects). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7066950.

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Leach, Roland M., Carol V. Gay, Mark Pines, and Shmuel Hurwitz. Developing Nutritional-Management Protocols which Prevent Tibial Dyschondroplasia. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7573994.bard.

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The objectives of this proposal were (1) to develop early age short-term restrict feeding protocols which eliminate the incidence of TD without compromising market weight performance and (2) monitor the components of the PTH/PTHrP cascade in conjunction with the development of the protocols in Objective 1. In this investigation it was established that changes in gene expression associated with TD occur as early as 13 days of age. This means that management strategies for the control of this disease must be established during the initial two weeks of rearing. In order to determine a focus for these management strategies, attempts were made to identify the metabolic defect responsible for tibial dyschondroplasia. Therefore, the parathyroid hormone/parathyrod related peptide (PTH/PTHrP) cascade of events was investigated. This emphasis was based on the fact that many nutritional factors that influence TD could be operating through this system. Secondly, the receptor for these peptides acts as the gatekeeper of chondrocyte differentiation. Examination of many aspects of this cascade led to the conclusion that TD is not the direct result of perturbation of this PTH/PTHrP receptor but is likely to develop from an interruption of a pathway downstream from this receptor.
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Wackett, Lawrence, Raphi Mandelbaum, and Michael Sadowsky. Bacterial Mineralization of Atrazine as a Model for Herbicide Biodegradation: Molecular and Applied Aspects. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7695835.bard.

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Atrazine is a broadly used herbicide in agriculture and it was used here as a model to study the biodegradation of herbicides. The bacterium Pseudomonas sp. ADP metabolizes atrazine to carbon dioxide and ammonia and chloride. The genes encoding atrazine catabolism to cyanuric acid were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The genes were designated atzA, atzB and atzC. Each gene was sequenced. The enzyme activities were characterized. AtzA is atrazine chlorohydrolase which takes atrazine to hydroxyatrizine. AtzB is hydroxyatrazine N-ethylaminohydrolase which produces N-isopropylammelide and N-ethylamine. AtzC is N-isopropylammelide N-isopropylaminohydrolase which produces cyanuric acid and N-isopropylamine. Each product was isolated and characterized to confirm their identity by chromatography and mass spectrometry. Sequence analysis indicated that each of the hydrolytic enzymes AtzA, AtzB and AtzC share identity which the aminohydrolase protein superfamily. Atrazine chlorohydrolase was purified to homogeneity. It was shown to have a kcat of 11 s-1 and a KM of 150 uM. It was shown to require a metal ion, either Fe(II), Mn(II) or Co(II), for activity. The atzA, atzB and atzC genes were shown to reside on a broad-host range plasmid in Pseudomonas sp. ADP. Six other recently isolated atrazine-degrading bacteria obtained from Europe and the United States contained homologs to the atz genes identified in Pseudomonas sp. ADP. The identity of the sequences were very high, being greater than 98% in all pairwise comparisons. This indicates that many atrazine-degrading bacteria worldwide metabolize atrazine via a pathway that proceeds through hydroxyatrazine, a metabolite which is non-phytotoxic and non-toxic to mammals. Enzymes were immobilized and used for degradation of atrazine in aqueous phases. The in-depth understanding of the genomics and biochemistry of the atrazine mineralization pathway enabled us to study factors affecting the prevalence of atrazine degradation in various agricultural soils under conservative and new agricultural practices. Moreover, Pseudomonas sp. ADP and/or its enzymes were added to atrazine-contaminated soils, aquifers and industrial wastewater to increase the rate and extent of atrazine biodegradation above that of untreated environments. Our studies enhance the ability to control the fate of regularly introduced pesticides in agriculture, or to reduce the environmental impact of unintentional releases.
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Harwood, C. S., and J. Gibson. (Anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds by phototrophic bacteria: biochemical aspects): Annual progress report, April 1988--March 1989. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6279514.

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Ostersetzer-Biran, Oren, and Jeffrey Mower. Novel strategies to induce male sterility and restore fertility in Brassicaceae crops. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604267.bard.

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Abstract Mitochondria are the site of respiration and numerous other metabolic processes required for plant growth and development. Increased demands for metabolic energy are observed during different stages in the plants life cycle, but are particularly ample during germination and reproductive organ development. These activities are dependent upon the tight regulation of the expression and accumulation of various organellar proteins. Plant mitochondria contain their own genomes (mtDNA), which encode for rRNAs, tRNAs and some mitochondrial proteins. Although all mitochondria have probably evolved from a common alpha-proteobacterial ancestor, notable genomic reorganizations have occurred in the mtDNAs of different eukaryotic lineages. Plant mtDNAs are notably larger and more variable in size (ranging from 70~11,000 kbp in size) than the mrDNAs in higher animals (16~19 kbp). Another unique feature of plant mitochondria includes the presence of both circular and linear DNA fragments, which undergo intra- and intermolecular recombination. DNA-seq data indicate that such recombination events result with diverged mitochondrial genome configurations, even within a single plant species. One common plant phenotype that emerges as a consequence of altered mtDNA configuration is cytoplasmic male sterility CMS (i.e. reduced production of functional pollen). The maternally-inherited male sterility phenotype is highly valuable agriculturally. CMS forces the production of F1 hybrids, particularly in predominantly self-pollinating crops, resulting in enhanced crop growth and productivity through heterosis (i.e. hybrid vigor or outbreeding enhancement). CMS lines have been implemented in some cereal and vegetables, but most crops still lack a CMS system. This work focuses on the analysis of the molecular basis of CMS. We also aim to induce nuclear or organellar induced male-sterility in plants, and to develop a novel approach for fertility restoration. Our work focuses on Brassicaceae, a large family of flowering plants that includes Arabidopsis thaliana, a key model organism in plant sciences, as well as many crops of major economic importance (e.g., broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and various seeds for oil production). In spite of the genomic rearrangements in the mtDNAs of plants, the number of genes and the coding sequences are conserved among different mtDNAs in angiosperms (i.e. ~60 genes encoding different tRNAs, rRNAs, ribosomal proteins and subunits of the respiratory system). Yet, in addition to the known genes, plant mtDNAs also harbor numerous ORFs, most of which are not conserved among species and are currently of unknown function. Remarkably, and relevant to our study, CMS in plants is primarily associated with the expression of novel chimericORFs, which likely derive from recombination events within the mtDNAs. Whereas the CMS loci are localized to the mtDNAs, the factors that restore fertility (Rfs) are identified as nuclear-encoded RNA-binding proteins. Interestingly, nearly all of the Rf’s are identified as pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, a large family of modular RNA-binding proteins that mediate several aspects of gene expression primarily in plant organelles. In this project we proposed to develop a system to test the ability of mtORFs in plants, which are closely related to known CMS factors. We will induce male fertility in various species of Brassicaceae, and test whether a down-relation in the expression of the recombinantCMS-genes restores fertility, using synthetically designed PPR proteins.
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Gibson, J. Anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds by phototrophic bacteria: Biochemical aspects. Final report, April 1, 1986--December 31, 1996. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/582183.

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Solberg, Thomas. Aspects of anuran metabolism : effects of chronic hypoxia on maximal oxygen uptake rates and the fate of lactic acid. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3215.

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