Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Meta-policy'
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Polyrakis, Andreas. "The Meta-Policy information base." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58776.pdf.
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Galindo, Luis Miguel, Joseluis Samaniego, Carbonell Jimy Ferrer, José Eduardo Alatorre, and Orlando Reyes. "Meta-Analysis of Income and Price Elasticities Energy Demand: Some Public Policy Implications for Latin America." Economía, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117330.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze the variation in empirical estimates of the income and price elasticities of energy demand. The evidence presented, through a meta-analysis, allows identification of the weighted average of the income and price elasticities, shows that the estimates are very heterogeneous, that there is publication bias, and that factors such as region, energy sector, among others, affect its volatility. The evidence also indicates that income elasticity in Latin America is greater than in the OECD countries, and that the price elasticity of energy demand is lower in Latin America than in the OECD countries. Therefore, continued economic growth in Latin America will be accompanied by a growth in energy demand. Moreover, the establishment of a tax in Latin America, under the current elasticities, is less effective and will be insufficient to control the increase in energy consumption.El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la variación de las elasticidades ingreso y precio de la demanda de energía. La evidencia presentada, con un metaanálisis, permite identificar la media ponderada de estas elasticidades ingreso y precio, muestra que las estimaciones son muy heterogé- neas, que existe sesgo de publicación y que algunos factores como la región, el sector del consumo de energía, entre otros, inciden en su volatilidad. La evidencia también indica que la elasticidad ingreso en América Latina es mayor que aquella de los países de la OCDE y, simultáneamente, que la elasticidad precio de la demanda de energía es menor en América Latina que en los países de la OCDE. Así, un crecimiento económico continuo en América Latina vendrá acompañado de un crecimiento de la demanda de energía y que el establecimiento de un impuesto en América Latina, bajo las actuales elasticidades, es menos efectivo y en general sería insuficiente para controlar el aumento del consumo de energía.
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Mackintosh, Christopher Iain. "The paradox of English sport development policy and practice : examining the mass participation agenda during an era of austerity and continued change." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2016. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4484/.
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This PhD by published work critically synthesises eight papers using a meta-ethnographic methodology in the field of community sport development. In particular, it provides an overarching critical analysis of mass participation sport development policy and practice in England using research with national governing bodies, county sport partnerships, local government and school-based sport development officers. Latterly, the synthesis centres upon the communities themselves that have been the focus of policy in the lead up to the London 2012 Olympics with its associated participation legacy. Research was undertaken using a predominantly qualitative research methodology, with varied methods including 58 in-depth interviews, 10 focus groups, five video diaries, observational and field note accounts. The meta-ethnographical methodology developed by Noblitt and Hare (1988) was utilised to provide the framework and conceptual approach to developing a critical meta-synthesis across the eight individual papers. The PhD offers a rare analytical insight across organisational boundaries, industry sub-fields (teaching, local government, County Sport Partnerships, National Governing Bodies) and professional-community binary oppositions. Findings from this study highlight key drivers limiting the mass participation agenda. These themes include the increased diversity and fragility of the delivery platform provision under austerity, challenge the industry assumptions of pathways of progression and question existing behaviour change assumptions. Further future explanatory themes that emerged from the meta-ethnography included divergence and widening in sport development delivery (“the haves and have not’s”), sport development workforce challenges in an era of modernisation (emerging skills, knowledge and expectations in the field) and finally what was termed in this study ‘the policy rhetoric gap’.
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Garside, Ruth. "A comparison of methods for the systematic review of qualitative research : two examples using meta-ethnography and meta-study." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/116289.
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Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been a central pillar of evidence-based practice and policy-making in healthcare over recent years. Traditionally, this has focused on effectiveness evidence from trials.. There is increasing understanding, however, that other study designs also provide essential information and this has led to interest in developing ways to review and synthesis such evidence. Qualitative research has unique potential to illuminate the patient experience. This research has three aims: 1) To review and compare the proposed methods of systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research. 2) To develop and assess two methods of systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research. 3) To compare these two methods and suggest how they might be used in a policy-making context. In addressing these aims, this thesis substantially contributes to debates about the purpose and practice of systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research, particularly in the context of health technology assessment and related pOlicy-making. I undertake a unique critical comparison of the methods suggested for reviewing and synthesising qualitative research, based on their approach to key stages of systematic review. This is used to produce a comprehensive framework for good practice~ I use the framework in two systematic reviews, one about heavy menstrual bleeding using meta-ethnography, and one about hysterectomy using meta-study. These two reviews allow a comparison of the two methods, and in particular explore the impact of expanding the meta-ethnography approach through meta-study, which adds explicit steps to assess the impact of study methodology and theory on findings. The ability of meta-study to unpack the procedures and theories that produce particular findings is key and illuminates the importance of theory in systematic reviews of qualitative research. Through the two systematic reviews, my thesis also contributes to understanding of these reproductive health topic areas through the creation of new insights and concepts from the synthesis. The synthesis of heavy menstrual bleeding studies produced a detailed patient illness model based on women's experiences. In addition, it allowed an understanding of elements that contribute to women's certainty or uncertainty about whether or not their periods could be seen as problematic and requiring medical help. This helps to establish the limitations of the medical model for doctors, as well as women who suffer from heavy menstrual bleeding. The synthesis of hysterectomy studies produced a detailed description of the journey that women make to, and through, hysterectomy, based on their experiences. I also created a theoretical framework, which shows that hysterectomy needs to be understood in the context of personal, physical experiences, together with sociocultural forces that affect the way in which hysterectomy is experienced, and that the interaction of these micro- and macro-concerns mediate through, and affect, relationships with key other people. Methodology affected the research questions posed and the conclusions of research. Comparing the two methods of review and synthesis showed the importance of taking account of the methods and theories that produce research findings. However this additional detail may be at the expense of certainty and requires additional resources.
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Sullivan, Shannon. "Knowledge Translation of Economic Evaluations and Network Meta-Analyses." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32109.
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Economic evaluations and network meta-analyses (NMAs) are complex methodologies. Increasing their transparency and accessibility could enhance confidence in the legitimacy of policy decisions informed by these analyses.
Four systematic reviews were conducted to understand policymakers’ informational needs and to determine what guidance researchers have on how to present economic evaluations and NMAs. Qualitative interviews were conducted with Canadian policymakers, i.e., knowledge users, to understand barriers and facilitators to using and communicating economic evaluations and NMAs and with individuals in international health technology assessment organizations, i.e. knowledge producers, to explore current approaches to communicating economic evaluations and NMAs. A toolkit for NMAs and economic evaluations was proposed based on an integrated review of these findings and guided by the Knowledge-to-Action framework. Examples of tools were developed and applied to an economic evaluation and NMA of osteoporosis therapies.
Systematic reviews and qualitative interviews found that communication approaches that provide robust content, identify contextual factors relevant to policy decisions and enhance clarity were valued. Twelve tools were proposed that enhance communication, education and access to resources for policymakers. Two of these tools were developed: Economic Guidance for Researchers and NMA Guidance for Researchers.
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Russell, Joseph. "A Meta-analysis: The Full Range of Leadership Model Impacting Policing Organizations." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3631.
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Police leadership has traditionally been dominated by the commander style, yet the more recent generation of police officers reject this style of leadership. Little, however, is known about whether the different leadership styles of the full range of leadership model result in positive outcomes in policing organizations. The purpose of this quantitative meta-analysis study was to examine the relationship between transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles and the leadership outcomes in a policing context, such as subordinate satisfaction, perception of leadership effectiveness, and exerting extra effort. Data for this research synthesis derived from primary research studies, which included 9 U.S. and international correlational policing studies that together comprised 1,939 police officers who completed the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) instrument. The meta-analysis provided effect size estimates on the relationship between transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles and perception of leadership effectiveness, extra effort, and subordinate satisfaction. The results of this meta-analysis indicate the transformational style has a stronger positive relationship with perception of leadership effectiveness, extra effort, and subordinate satisfaction, than the other 2 leadership styles. The positive social change implications of this study provide recommendations to police executives to include transformational leadership with contemporary law enforcement practices. The transformational style may result in improvements to police officer motivation, performance, and job satisfaction, thus offering opportunities to improve public safety outcomes.
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Gibson, Brendan John Joseph, and brendan gibson@health gov au. "From Transfer to Transformation: Rethinking the Relationship between Research and Policy." The Australian National University. National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20040528.165124.
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The most common and enduring explanation for the way research is used (or abused or not used) in policy is the two communities theory. According to this theory, the problematic relationship between research and policy is caused by the different cultures inhabited by policy makers and researchers. The most common and enduring types of strategies that are put forward to increase research use in policy involve bridging or linking these two communities. This study challenges this way of thinking about the relationship between research and policy. Four case studies of national public health policy in Australiabreast cancer screening, prostate cancer screening, needle and syringe programs in the community, and needle and syringe programs in prisonsare used to present the context, events, processes, research, and actors involved in policy making. Three theories are deployed to explore the relationship between research and policy in each of the cases individually and across the cases as a whole. These theories bring different determinants and dynamics of the relationship to light and each is at least partially successful in increasing our understanding of the relationship between research and policy. The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) understands the relationship in terms of a power struggle between competing coalitions that use research as a political resource in the policy process. The Policy Making Organisation Framework (PMOF) understands the relationship in terms of institutional and political factors that determine the way data is selected or rejected from the policy process. The Governmentality Framework (GF) understands the relationship in terms of the Foucauldian construct of power/knowledge that is created through discourse, regimes of truth and regimes of practices found in public health policy and research. This study has found that in three of the four case studies, public health policy was strongly influenced by research, the exception being NSP in prisons. In all cases, however, it is not possible to construct a robust and coherent account of the policy process or the policy outcome without considering the multifaceted role of research. When these theories are explored at a more fundamental level they support the argument that when research influences policy it is transformed into knowledge-for-policy by being invested with meaning and power. This process of transformation occurs through social and political action that mobilises ideal structures (such as harm minimisation and the World Health Organisations principles for evaluating screening programs) and material structures (such as medical journals and government advisory bodies) to resolve meta-policy problems (such as how to define complex public health problems in a way that makes them amenable to empirical research and practical action). This study provides good evidence that the notion of research transfer between two communities is a flawed way of understanding the researchpolicy relationship. Rethinking the relationship between research and policy involves building an enhanced theoretical repertoire for understanding this complex social interaction. This step is essential to the success of future efforts to make public health policy that is effective, just and emancipatory. This study makes a contribution to this task.
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Eberhard, Rachel. "The metagovernance of Australian water policy: Practices, rationales and outcomes." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118143/1/Rachel_Eberhard_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines how governments work with stakeholders to develop and implement water policy in Australia. Evidence from the Great Barrier Reef and the Murray Darling Basin showed the challenges involved, and how this can affect environmental outcomes. Results show how government can work more effectively with stakeholders, and the potential of non-government organisations to help broker better policy outcomes.
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Escalona, Iralys Eugenia González. "Política del agua en Venezuela para el cumplimiento de la meta del milenio sobre acceso al agua potable y saneamiento durante el período 2000-2010." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14543.
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O presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer e descrever o modelo de política pública desenhada e implementada pelo Governo Venezuelano durante o período 2000-2010, para o êxito da meta do milénio em matéria de acesso a água potável e saneamento. Para isso, se fez primeiro um repasso da importância da água no mundo, e o que tens sido as políticas de água no nível da Região da América Latina até chegar a Venezuela. Através de um processo de Observação da realidade Venezuelana em um Barrio, e nas Entrevistas em Profundidade, queremos entender como o Governo Venezuelano alcançou em curto tempo, sucesso em um objetivo internacional, como a meta do Milénio relacionada a " acesso sustentável de água potável e a serviços básicos de saneamento". Nossos resultados indicam que uma Política Pública para ter êxito, deve ser um esforço compartilhado entre os atores do Estado e o povo, na qual oficializem estes esforços, deve ser acompanhado de uma consolidada institucionalidade e marco jurídico, más, sobretudo da participação e organização da comunidade; RESUMEN:El presente estudio tiene como objetivo conocer y describir el modelo de política pública diseñada e implementada por el Gobierno Venezolano durante el período 2000-2010, para el logro de la meta del milenio en materia de acceso a agua potable y saneamiento. Para ello, se hizo primero un repaso de lo que es la importancia del agua en el mundo, y lo que han sido las políticas del agua a nivel de la Región de América Latina hasta llegar a Venezuela. A través de un proceso de Observación de la realidad Venezolana en un Barrio, y las Entrevistas en Profundidad, quisimos entender cómo el Gobierno Venezolano alcanzó en corto tiempo, lograr un Objetivo Internacional, como lo es la Meta del Milenio relacionada a “acceso sostenible de agua potable y a servicios básicos de saneamiento”. Nuestros resultados indicaron que una Política Pública para tener éxito, debe ser un esfuerzo compartido entre los actores del Estado y el pueblo, en la cual para que se legitimen estos esfuerzos, debe acompañarse de una consolidada institucionalidad y marco jurídico, pero sobretodo de la participación y organización de la comunidade; ABSTRACT:The present study aims to show and describe the model of public policy designed and implemented by the Venezuelan Government for the period 2000-2010, to achieve the Millennium Development Goals on access to clean water and sanitation. To do this, we first review the importance of water in the world, and the policies on water in Latin America particularly in Venezuela. Through a process of observation of the Venezuelan reality in an Barrio, and by depth interviews, we wanted to understand how the Venezuelan government met in a short time an international goal, the Millennium Development Goal, related to "sustainable access to drinking water and basic sanitation." Our results indicated that a public policy to succeed must be a joint effort between actors in the State and the people, in which in order to legitimize these efforts, there must be a consolidated institutional and legal framework, but most importantly the participation and organization of the community.
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Travitzki, Rodrigo. "ENEM: limites e possibilidades do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio enquanto indicador de qualidade escolar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-28062013-162014/.
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O Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) está entre os maiores do mundo, abrangendo seis milhões de pessoas ao ano. Um de seus objetivos é permitir a comparação das escolas brasileiras, através da publicação de médias, tornando-se peça central na política brasileira de accountability escolar. Há, contudo, críticas técnicas e filosóficas ao uso do ENEM como indicador de qualidade escolar. Investigamos o potencial alcance de tais críticas, assim como possíveis efeitos benéficos do ranking de escolas. Pressupomos que o processo educativo na democracia é uma relação intersubjetiva, com finalidades e estratégias minimamente definidas pelas pessoas envolvidas. METODOLOGIA: buscamos articular uma reflexão filosófica sobre as questões sócio-políticas da escolarização com métodos quantitativos. Realizamos análise multinível dos microdados do ENEM 2009 em três níveis: indivíduo, escola e estado. Estimamos o efeito escola, o efeito estado e a variância explicada. Analisamos algumas edições do ENEM com base na Teoria Clássica dos Testes e na Teoria da Resposta ao Item. RESULTADOS: identificamos diversas concepções de inteligência e de qualidade escolar, sendo poucas delas contempladas pelos indicadores baseados em testes padronizados. Mostramos que a supervalorização desses testes cria o risco de colonização do cotidiano escolar pela razão instrumental, empobrecendo as relações intersubjetivas e as práticas pedagógicas. Identificamos riscos de se utilizar o mesmo teste para diversas finalidades. Constatamos a existência de dois modelos de ENEM, antes e depois de 2009. A análise multinível revelou um efeito escola em torno de 22%; controlando o nível socioeconômico ele reduz para 7%. Cerca de 20% da variação nas notas dos alunos foi explicada por fatores contextuais. No nível das escolas, o valor aumenta para 79%. Excluindo as notas de redação, como no ranking de 2012, a variância explicada chega a 87%, demonstrando que o desempenho da escola é altamente influenciado por fatores que não estão sob seu controle. Constatamos também que as médias entre escolas próximas no ranking não são estatisticamente diferentes. CONCLUSÕES: embora o ENEM possa avaliar o mérito dos alunos, é pouco informativo sobre o mérito das escolas, sendo inadequado para avaliar, isoladamente, a qualidade dessas instituições. Apontamos alguns limites do ranking como indicador de qualidade escolar (grande sobreposição de intervalos de confiança; supervalorização de um único exame; pouca informação sobre o mérito da escola; risco de empobrecer o currículo e as relações intersubjetivas no cotidiano escolar; risco de aumentar as desigualdades) assim como algumas possibilidades criadas por ele (referência objetiva para comparação, sinalizar para o ensino médio não focar excessivamente na quantidade de conteúdos; mobilização pela qualidade escolar; criação de outros indicadores). Disponibilizamos uma seleção das melhores instituições de ensino médio em termos de efeito escola, com objetivo de dar visibilidade àquelas que provavelmente realizam um bom trabalho dentro das condições em que se encontram.The national secondary Brazilian examination (ENEM) is one of the largest standards in the world, covering six million people every year. One of his goals is to allow comparison of schools, thus being a central piece in the Brazilian school accountability system. However, there are technical and philosophical criticism to use ENEM as an indicator of school quality. We investigate the potential scope of such criticisms, as well as potential beneficial effects of school league tables. We assume that the educational process in democracy is an intersubjective relationship with purposes and strategies minimally defined by people involved in it. METHODS: we seek to articulate a philosophical reflection on the socio-political issues of schooling with quantitative methods. We conducted multilevel analysis of ENEM 2009 microdata at three levels: individual, school and state. We estimate the school effect, the \"state effect\" and explained variation. We analyse some ENEM exams based on Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory. RESULTS: we identified several concepts of intelligence and school quality, few of them covered by indicators based on standards. We show that overvaluating standards creates the risk of colonizating everyday school life by instrumental rationality, making interpersonal relationships and pedagogical practices poorer. We identified risks of using the same test for different purposes. We found two ENEM models: before and after 2009. The multilevel analysis revealed a school effect around 22%; controlling socioeconomic status reduces it to 7%. About 20% of the variation in student scores was explained by contextual factors. At the school level, the figure rises to 79%. Excluding the writing test, as in 2012 league table, the explained variation reaches 87%, showing that school score is highly influenced by factors they can not control. We also showed that the averages between neighboring schools in the league table are not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS: Although ENEM can evaluate the merit of the students, it tells little about the merits of the schools. Therefore, it is inappropriate to evaluate, alone, the quality of these institutions. We point out some limitations of ENEM as school quality indicator (confidence intervals overlapping; overvaluation of a single test; few information on the merits of school; risk of impoverishing the curriculum and interpersonal relationships in school life; risk of increasing inequalities) as well as some possibilities created by it (objective reference for comparison; message to schools not overly focus on amount of contents; mobilization for school quality; creation of other indicators). Accordingly, we provide a selection of the best Brazilian high schools in school effect, aiming to give visibility to institutions that do a good job in not necessarily good conditions.
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Larsson, Oscar. "The Governmentality of Meta-governance : Identifying Theoretical and Empirical Challenges of Network Governance in the Political Field of Security and Beyond." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-259746.
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Meta-governance recently emerged in the field of governance as a new approach which claims that its use enables modern states to overcome problems associated with network governance. This thesis shares the view that networks are an important feature of contemporary politics which must be taken seriously, but it also maintains that networks pose substantial analytical and political challenges. It proceeds to investigate the potential possibilities and problems associated with meta-governance on both theoretical and empirical levels. The theoretical discussion examines meta-governance in relation to governmentality, and it puts forward the claim that meta-governance may be understood as a specific type of neo-liberal governmentality. The meta-governance perspective regards networks as a complementary structure to traditional administration that can be utilized in the implementation and realization of public policy, but which also preserves the self-regulating and flexible character of networks. This generates a contradiction between the goals of public management and the character of networks that requires further investigation. The combination of the specific dynamics of the political field of security, the diminishing role of sovereign powers, the emergence of security networks, and the meta-governance stance adopted by the Swedish state constitutes a situation that should have been favorable for the successful employment of meta-governance. The empirical investigation of meta-governance is divided into two parts. The first part reviews the historical process involved and shows how the Swedish government and public authorities have adopted a meta-governance stance. The second analyzes the specific instruments and strategies that have been deployed in the governance of security communications and in the management of Sweden’s new security communications system which is an important aspect of security networks. The historical study together with the analysis of the meta-governance tools deployed reveals that the meta-governors neither reached the goals specified, nor fulfilled the overall purpose of successful security communications. I argue on the basis of the theoretical and empirical findings obtained in the present study that it is very difficult to successfully employ meta-governance in respect to security and crisis management, and that we have sound reasons to suspect that meta-governance will run into similar difficulties in other political fields as well. I conclude that meta-governance is a far more difficult practice than has been anticipated by existing theories and policy recommendations. Turning to meta-governance as a way to govern and control organizations may in fact lead to further fragmentation and distortion of public politics.
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Campedelli, André Luis. "O regime de metas de inflação: o debate entre ortodoxos e heterodoxos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9242.
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Previous issue date: 2014-12-08The objective of this work is to conduct an analysis about the current debate around the inflation target in the Brazilian case. The justification for this work is to highlight the importance the monetary policy has in the economic growth of a country. Nevertheless, it is little used for this purpose in the Brazilian case, being used only for the inflation control. After an introduction, which punctuates the main work points, a theoretical survey about the monetary policy discussion that happened in the XX century is carried out, whose final result is the development of inflation target. A historical-analytical analysis for the Brazilian case since the adoption of the inflation target until 2013 is performed next, reflecting upon the results obtained and the measures for the acquisition of these, in addition to an analysis about the consequences of the measures during this period. The last part of this work puts into discussion the current situation of this policy in Brazil, bringing up the main points observed by orthodox and heterodox economists. A balance of all the analyzed ideas is done, and in the conclusion the main points considered relevant for the current debate about the inflation target in Brazil are posed and covered
O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma análise sobre o atual debate em torno do regime de metas de inflação no caso brasileiro. A justificativa para este trabalho é ressaltar a importância que a política monetária possui no crescimento econômico de um país. Entretanto, no caso brasileiro, é utilizada somente para o controle inflacionário. Após a introdução, que pontua os principais pontos do trabalho, inicia-se um levantamento teórico sobre a discussão em relação à política monetária que houve durante o século XX, cujo resultado final foi a elaboração do regime de metas de inflação. É feita posteriormente uma análise histórico-analítica do caso brasileiro a partir da adoção do regime de metas de inflação até o ano de 2013, refletindo sobre os resultados obtidos e as medidas tomadas para a obtenção destes, além de uma análise sobre as consequências das medidas tomadas durante o período. A última parte do trabalho discute a atual situação desta política no Brasil, levantando os principais pontos observados por economistas ortodoxos e heterodoxos. É realizado um balanço sobre todas as ideias analisadas, e na conclusão deste trabalho são colocados e discutidos os pontos considerados relevantes para o atual debate sobre o regime de metas de inflação no Brasil
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Gechert, Sebastian. "On the Measurement, Theory and Estimation of Fiscal Multipliers." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-155008.
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The study is intended to identify relevant channels and possibly biasing factors with respect to fiscal multipliers, and thus to contribute to improving the precision of multiplier forecasts. This is done by, first, defining the concept of the multiplier used in the present study, presenting the main theoretical channels of influence as discussed in the literature and the problems of empirical identification. Second, by conducting a meta-regression analysis on the reported multipliers from a unique data set of 1069 multiplier observations and the respective study characteristics in order to derive quantitative stylzed facts.
Third, by developing a simple multiplier model that explicitly takes into account the time elapse of the multiplier process as an explanatory factor that has been largely overlooked by the relevant theoretical literature. Fourth, by identifying, for US macroeconomic time series data, the extent to which fiscal multiplier estimates could be biased in the presence of financial cycles that have not been taken into account by the relevant empirical literature.
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Lilja, Frida. "Partnership as a solution for neighborhood improvement? - Identifying challenges of network governance in BID Sofielund's partnership – with an emphasis on meta-governance." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22729.
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This study aims to understand a swedish BID (business improvement district) partnership as a local form of urban governance in neighborhood improvement. The study explores challenges with the collaborative governance of various actors with a majority of private property owners. It highlights the need of public meta-governance and the challenges the network's public leader face in its governing of the network. As a framework for this, the study uses governance theory, which discusses the effective and democratic implications for network governance and how it can be improved by a meta-governor. It also uses various perspectives of BIDs as governance networks and its influence as urban actors. The empirical data is collected through qualitative interviews with involved network actors as well as the network leader, and focus is on their perceptions of the partnership's role and challenges with the collaborative governance. The findings of the study demonstrate the complexity of a multi-organisation partnership as well as the challenges to manage it. The results suggest that the partnership's practice of meta-governance do not live up to the definition presented by the theorists, due to a weak political accountability, and the network actors' governing are therefore left to be determined by their intentions. However, if their intentions are good, the network has the potential to create a well-functioning and committed local democracy with an effective decision-making process with less bureaucracy. Of importance for the discipline of urban studies, the identified aspects of diverging interests and the partnership's weak bond with public deliberation, BIDs as a way of managing space should be questioned in ways of who's interest is taken into consideration in the planning and development of our public spaces.
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Will, Rachel Gauer. "A CRITICAL META-ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY WATER MANAGEMENT OUTCOMES IN PERU: IDENTIFYING CAUSES OF SCARCITY AND THE EFFECTS OF ADAPTATION." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1416857884.
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An, Dayoung. "A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of STEM-programs in the United States." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1378727939.
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Erickson, Matthew J. "Examining a Decade of Reading and Mathematics Student Achievement Among Primary and Secondary Traditional Public School and Charter School Students: a Meta-Analytic Investigation." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1371131567.
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Aldana, Sanín Daniel E. 1977. "Multiobjective real options design : an evaluation methodology for the Orinoco-Meta Corridor megaproject." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8873.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Technology and Policy Program, 2000."June 2000."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-109).
The evaluation of the Orinoco-Meta Corridor megaproject requires the use of a custom-made methodology that can take proper account of its complexity and particular characteristics. The methodology should contribute to increase the probability of achieving the objectives set by the multiple stakeholders. But the megaproject has been conceived, and will be carried into the evaluation and implementation stages, in a setting where there is lack of consensus on its design and objectives, non-alignment on the criteria for selection, and huge risks and uncertainties. Furthermore, the evaluation needs to deal with the long duration of each stage and the frequent unrelatedness of ex-ante evaluations with the implementation stages. The evaluation methodology for the megaproject in question should therefore tackle these concerns with the aid of Multiobjective Real Options Design. This requires a progressive evaluation that starts with the construction of a multi objective vector, which consists of a Cost-Benefit Analysis and the assessment of five non-monetary variables - Environmental Impacts, Population Distress, Effects on Employment, Distributional Effects, and Effects on Comparative Advantage. Next, the methodology needs to build-on with Risk Analysis and Decision Analysis to produce the design of real options for the megaproject. The proposed methodology also includes a framework for encapsulating the megaproject into a participatory process at both the evaluation and implementation stages. At the end it is recognized that even after fulfilling the requirements of the proposed evaluation methodology, some gaps will still need to be filled in the areas of organization, financing, international coordination, and local security to provide conditions conducive to the successful implementation of the megaproject.
by Daniel E. Aldana Sanín.
S.M.
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Villegas, David. "Interoperable Resource Brokering with Policy-based Provisioning and Job Allocation." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/788.
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The increasing needs for computational power in areas such as weather simulation, genomics or Internet applications have led to sharing of geographically distributed and heterogeneous resources from commercial data centers and scientific institutions. Research in the areas of utility, grid and cloud computing, together with improvements in network and hardware virtualization has resulted in methods to locate and use resources to rapidly provision virtual environments in a flexible manner, while lowering costs for consumers and providers.
However, there is still a lack of methodologies to enable efficient and seamless sharing of resources among institutions. In this work, we concentrate in the problem of executing parallel scientific applications across distributed resources belonging to separate organizations. Our approach can be divided in three main points. First, we define and implement an interoperable grid protocol to distribute job workloads among partners with different middleware and execution resources. Second, we research and implement different policies for virtual resource provisioning and job-to-resource allocation, taking advantage of their cooperation to improve execution cost and performance. Third, we explore the consequences of on-demand provisioning and allocation in the problem of site-selection for the execution of parallel workloads, and propose new strategies to reduce job slowdown and overall cost.
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Gao, Xiang. "Using methods of optimization programming and meta-analysis to evaluate current Unite [sic] States nutritional recommendations /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2005.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2005.Adviser: Katherine L. Tucker. Submitted to the School of Nutrition Science and Policy. Includes bibliographical references. Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Toledo, Marcelo Gaspari Cirne de. "Ensaios sobre a meta de inflação ótima para o Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-16082011-125602/.
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O regime de meta para a inflação foi adotado por um amplo conjunto de países nos últimos anos. Evidentemente, a definição da meta de inflação a ser perseguida é parte essencial do regime. O presente trabalho pretende contribuir para o debate sobre a meta ótima para o Brasil. O trabalho está dividido em três ensaios que, por caminhos diversos, buscam estimar quantitativamente os custos e benefícios de diferentes metas de inflação para a economia brasileira. O foco é sobre os efeitos de longo prazo de diferentes metas, uma vez que esses são mais relevantes do que os possíveis custos de ajustamento para uma eventual nova meta de inflação. O primeiro artigo aborda a questão sobre a meta de inflação ótima para o Brasil por meio da perda de bem estar medida pela demanda de moeda, um canal clássico considerado pela literatura. O segundo avalia a relação entre o nível e a incerteza sobre a inflação futura, utilizando para tanto modelos para a estimação da variância condicional da inflação, as expectativas de inflação relatadas por analistas econômicos e medidas de inflação implícita em preços de ativos. O terceiro artigo apresenta um enfoque mais teórico e estrutural, apresentando um modelo no qual existe um trade-off para a meta de inflação e calibrando esse modelo para obter estimativas da meta ótima para a economia brasileira. O modelo considera, de um lado, a perda de bem estar causada pela inflação através da demanda de moeda e, de outro, o benefício pela redução da perda de eficiência econômica ocasionada pela rigidez dos salários nominais. Concluímos que a análise exposta no presente trabalho sugere que, tendo em vista a redução da incerteza macroeconômica na economia brasileira nos últimos anos, haveria motivos também para uma redução gradual da meta de inflação. Contudo, também aponta que não se deve buscar metas muito baixas, uma vez que o benefício adicional em se reduzir a meta de inflação é relativamente pequeno quando já se está em um nível de inflação baixo.Inflation targeting regimes have been adopted by a large number of countries in recent years. Obviously, the definition of the actual inflation target to be pursued is an essential part of this regime. This work aims to make a contribution to the debate about the optimal target for Brazil. The three essays follow different paths in an attempt to estimate the quantitative costs and benefits of the different inflation targets for the Brazilian economy. The focus is on the long-term effects of the different targets as these are more important than the possible costs during the transition towards the new inflation target. The first article discusses the optimal inflation target based on the welfare loss measured by the money demand function, a classic channel highlighted in the literature. The second assesses the relation between the level and uncertainty of future inflation. We investigate this issue with the use of econometric models to estimate the conditional variance of inflation, of inflation expectations reported by professional economic analysts and of break-even inflation rates. The third article presents a more theoretical and structural focus. We present a model in which there is a trade-off for the inflation target and this model is calibrated to obtain estimates of the optimal target for the Brazilian economy. On one hand, the model considers the welfare loss caused by inflation through money demand and, on the other, the benefit from the reduced frequency of periods in which a downward nominal wage restriction binds. Our conclusion is that the analysis presented suggests that, considering the lower macroeconomic uncertainty observed in Brazil in the recent years, there would be reasons for a gradual reduction in the inflation target. However, it also suggests that very low targets should not be set as the additional benefit in reducing the inflation target is relatively small once the inflation target has already been set at a low level.
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Koremura, Yuka O'Connor Brian C. "Toward an ideal library a synthesis of Wilson's library and information policy and Gilbert's performance matrix /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9070.
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Zaghloul, Bichara Lina Impson Michael. "Institutional ownership and dividend policy a framework based on tax clientele, information signaling and agency costs /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9004.
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Piña-Hinojosa, Isabella Wilhelm Ronald Wayne. "The impact of language planning and policy on high school long-term English language learners in a selected north Texas urban district." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5131.
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Pinto, Vilma da Conceição. "Resultado fiscal estrutural: desafios para uma nova meta orçamentária nacional." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/22979.
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The objective of this work is to estimate the primary structural fiscal budget for Brazil, adapting the methodology proposed by the Economic Policy Secretariat (SPE), in order to validate if the indicator is robust enough to be able to make a fiscal rule (the structural fiscal primary goal). The adaptations aim to bring greater transparency to the calculation of the structural fiscal budget indicator, in addition to explaining a methodological problem that may weaken the indicator. Thus, this study found that some fiscal data, necessary for the decomposition of revenues into clusters, did not come from public sources of information, and it is necessary to adapt the distribution of revenues to calculate the elasticities. It was also found that depending on the potential product methodology used to calculate the indicator, it can completely change its result, generating very different interpretations. Therefore, the study warns of the urgent need for a more robust potential product methodology, as well as more transparent information, so that the debate about the possibility of having a fiscal rule aimed at the structural fiscal result indicator is initiated.
O objetivo deste trabalho é estimar o resultado primário fiscal estrutural para o Brasil, adaptando a metodologia proposta pela Secretaria de Política Econômica do Ministério da Fazenda do Brasil (MF/SPE), visando validar se o indicador é robusto ao ponto de ser capaz de se tornar uma regra fiscal (meta de resultado estrutural). As adaptações tem por objetivo trazer maior transparência para o cálculo do indicador de resultado fiscal estrutural, além de explicitar um problema metodológico que pode fragilizar o indicador. Assim, este trabalho constatou que alguns dados fiscais, necessários para decomposição das receitas em grupamentos, não vinham de fontes públicas de informação, sendo necessário a adaptação da distribuição das receitas para cálculo das elasticidades. Foi constatado também que a depender da metodologia de produto potencial utilizado para cálculo do indicador, este pode mudar completamente seu resultado, gerando interpretações muito distintas. Por isso, o estudo alerta para a urgente necessidade de uma metodologia de produto potencial mais robusta, além de informações mais transparentes, para que o debate sobre a possibilidade de se ter uma regra fiscal voltada para o indicador de resultado fiscal estrutural seja iniciado.
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Wall, Don Hargrove Eugene C. "Earth tones how environmental journalism and environmental ethics influence environmental citizenship /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3907.
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Seyed, Zadeh Sabounchi Nasim. "Extending the System Dynamics Toolbox to Address Policy Problems in Transportation and Health." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77330.
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System dynamics can be a very useful tool to expand the boundaries of one's mental models to better understand the underlying behavior of systems. But despite its utility, there remains challenges associated with system dynamics modeling that the current research addresses by expanding the system dynamics modeling toolbox. The first challenge relates to imprecision or vagueness, for example, with respect to human perception and linguistic variables. The most common approach is to use table or graph functions to capture the inherent vagueness in these linguistic (qualitative) variables. Yet, combining two or more table functions may lead to further complexity and, moreover, increased difficulty when analyzing the resulting behavior. As part of this research, we extend the system dynamics toolbox by applying fuzzy logic. Then, we select a problem of congestion pricing in mitigating traffic congestion to verify the effectiveness of our integration of fuzzy logic into system dynamics modeling.
Another challenge, in system dynamics modeling, is defining proper equations to predict variables based on numerous studies. In particular, we focus on published equations in models for energy balance and weight change of individuals. For these models there is a need to define a single robust prediction equation for Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), which is an element of the energy expenditure of the body. In our approach, we perform an extensive literature review to explore the relationship between BMR and different factors including age, body composition, gender, and ethnicity. We find that there are many equations used to estimate BMR, especially for different demographic groups. Further, we find that these equations use different independent variables and, in a few cases, generate inconsistent conclusions. It follows then that selecting a single equation for BMI can be quite difficult for purposes of modeling in a systems dynamics context. Our approach involves conducting a meta-regression to summarize the available prediction equations and identifying the most appropriate model for predicting BMR for different sub-populations. The results of this research potentially could lead to more precise predictions of body weight and enhanced policy interventions to help mitigate serious health issues such as obesity.Ph. D.
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Seneca, Michael J. "Meta-Analysis of Herbal Cannabis Therapy for Chronic Pain." UNF Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/503.
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Since the first so-called “medical marijuana” legislation was passed in California in 1996, a total of twenty states and the District of Columbia have passed laws permitting limited use of cannabis. Despite the changes in state laws, cannabis remains illegal for any purpose under federal law. Changes in state laws have coincided with a renewed interest in the substance for the treatment of a variety of conditions. There has been a significant increase in published data over the past twenty years examining the efficacy of cannabis as an appetite stimulant, antiemetic agent, and analgesic adjuvant. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to synthesize published data on cannabis use as an analgesic agent. Five studies meeting inclusion criteria were located through searches of online databases, review of reference lists, author correspondence, and review of clinical trials databases. Meta-analysis was conducted using fixed-effects modeling. The overall effect of mean reduction of pain intensity was -4.895 (Z-score) with an associated p value of 0.003. The combined standardized mean difference (SMD) was -0.362 (CI -0.507 to -0.217), indicating on average a moderate significant reduction in pain intensity for patients with chronic pain. As the legal status of the substance evolves, additional research is needed to establish evidence-based clinical recommendations regarding the use of medicinal cannabis in pain management.
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Proença, Sara Isabel Azevedo. "Impact assessment of energy and climate policies : a hybrid botton-up general equilibrium model (HyBGem) for Portugal." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6126.
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Doutoramento em EconomiaClimate change mitigation and the imperative of a new sustainable energy paradigm are among the greatest challenges facing the world today, and they are high on the priority list of policy makers as well as within the scientific community. In this context significant efforts are being made in the design and implementation of energy and carbon mitigation policies at both European and national level. Evidence of this can be seen in the recent adoption by the EU of an integrated climate and energy policy that setts ambitious binding targets to be achieved by 2020 – known as the 20-20-20 targets of the EU Climate and Energy Package. Undoubtedly, the cost of these policies can be substantially reduced if a comprehensive impact assessment is made of the most efficient and cost-effective policy measures and technological options. Policy impact assessment therefore plays an important role in supporting the energy and climate decision-making process. This is the context of and motivation for the research presented in this thesis. The first part of the thesis, the conceptual framework, describes the development of the Hybrid Bottom-up General Equilibrium Model (HyBGEM) for Portugal, as a decision-support tool to assist national policy makers in conducting energy and climate policy analysis. HyBGEM is a single integrated, multi-sector, hybrid top-down/bottom-up general equilibrium E3 model formulated as a mixed complementarity problem. The second part of the thesis, the empirical analysis, provides an impact assessment of Portugal’s 2020 energy-climate policy targets under the EU Climate and Energy Package commitments, based on the HyBGEM model and the baseline projections previously developed. Five policy scenarios have been modelled and simulated to evaluate the economic, environmental and technological impacts on Portugal of complying with its individual 2020 carbon emissions and renewable energy targets. Furthermore, insights are gained into how these targets interact with each other, what are the most efficient and cost-effective policy options, and how alternative pathways affect the extent of policy-induced effects. The numerical analysis reveals that Portugal’s 2020 energy-climate targets can be achieved without significant compliance costs. A major challenge for policy makers is to promote an effective decarbonisation of the electricity generation sector through renewable-based technologies. There is evidence that the compliance costs of Portugal’s low carbon target in 2020 are significantly higher than the costs of achieving the national RES-E target, given that imposing carbon emissions constraints and subsidising renewable electricity generation via a feed-in tariffs scheme both have a similar impact on economy-wide emissions. This result suggests that the most cost-effective policy option to achieve the national energy-climate targets is to promote renewable power generation technologies, recommending that policy makers should proceed with the mechanisms that support it. The transition to a ‘greener’ economy is thus central to the ongoing fight against climate change. There is also evidence that emission market segmentation as imposed by the current EU-ETS creates substantial excess costs compared to uniform emissions pricing through a comprehensive cap-and-trade system. The economic argument on counterproductive overlapping regulation is not corroborated by the findings. Furthermore, there is no potential for a double dividend arising from environmental tax reforms. To conclude, the results highlight the critical importance of market distortions and revenue-recycling schemes, together with baseline projections in policy impact assessment.
A mitigação das alterações climáticas e o imperativo de um novo paradigma energético sustentável estão entre os maiores desafios que o mundo de hoje enfrenta, surgindo no topo da lista de prioridades quer dos decisores políticos quer da comunidade científica. Neste contexto, têm sido envidados esforços significativos na conceção e aplicação de políticas energéticas e de mitigação de carbono, tanto a nível europeu como nacional. A recente adoção de uma política integrada da UE em matéria de clima e energia, com objetivos ambiciosos a serem alcançados até 2020 – os denominados objetivos 20-20-20 do Pacote Clima-Energia da UE, é prova disso. Não há dúvida de que o custo destas políticas pode ser substancialmente reduzido se for feita uma avaliação global das medidas e das opções tecnológicas mais eficientes e com melhor relação custo-eficácia. A avaliação de impacto das políticas desempenha assim um papel importante no apoio à tomada de decisão em matéria energética e climática. São estes o contexto e a motivação para a investigação apresentada nesta tese. A primeira parte da tese, referente à estrutura conceptual, descreve o desenvolvimento do modelo HyBGEM – Hybrid Bottom-up General Equilibrium Model, concebido para Portugal. Trata-se de uma ferramenta de apoio à decisão em matéria de políticas de energia-clima. O HyBGEM é um modelo E3 de equilíbrio geral, com uma estrutura híbrida top-down/bottom-up integrada, multi-setorial e formulado como um problema de complementaridade mista. A segunda parte da tese, referente à análise empírica, apresenta uma avaliação de impacto das políticas de energia-clima para Portugal no quadro dos compromissos assumidos no Pacote Clima-Energia da UE, com base no modelo HyBGEM e em projeções de base previamente construídas. Foram modelados e simulados cinco cenários de política para avaliar os impactos económicos, ambientais e tecnológicos do cumprimento das metas nacionais traçadas para 2020 em matéria de limitação de emissões de carbono e promoção das energias renováveis. Avalia-se também o modo como estes objetivos interagem entre si, quais são as opções de política mais eficientes e custo-eficazes, e em que medida opções alternativas influenciam a magnitude dos impactos. A análise numérica revela que as metas energia-clima 2020 para Portugal podem ser alcançadas sem incorrer em custos de cumprimento significativos. O desafio fundamental que se coloca aos decisores políticos consiste em impulsionar a descarbonização do setor de produção de energia elétrica através de tecnologias de energia renovável. Existe evidência de que os custos de cumprimento da meta de redução de carbono são significativamente mais elevados que os custos de cumprimento da meta de FER-E, sendo que a imposição de restrições às emissões e a subsidiação da produção de eletricidade a partir de fontes de energia renovável (regime de tarifas feed-in) têm um impacto semelhante sobre o total de emissões. Este resultado sugere que a promoção das tecnologias de base renovável no sistema energético nacional é a opção com melhor relação custo-eficácia para a concretização dos objetivos nacionais energia-clima para 2020, instando os decisores políticos a prosseguir com os mecanismos de apoio existentes. A transição para uma economia mais ‘verde’ afigura-se assim fundamental no combate em curso contra as alterações climáticas. A análise revela também que a segmentação do mercado de emissões imposta pelo atual CELE gera custos adicionais substanciais quando comparada com um sistema de direitos de emissão uniforme. O argumento económico de que a sobreposição de regulamentação é contraproducente não é corroborado pelos resultados. A expectativa de um duplo dividendo decorrente das reformas fiscais em matéria ambiental não foi confirmada. Os resultados destacam ainda a importância crítica das distorções de mercado, dos sistemas de reciclagem de receitas e das projeções de base, para a avaliação de impacto das políticas.
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Mattos, Bruna Barcellos. "A meta de investimento público do II Plano Nacional de Educação: entre projetos políticos e coalizões." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100138/tde-20082017-230009/.
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Esta dissertação aborda a temática do financiamento da política educacional brasileira, tendo como objetivo principal a análise do contexto e dos processos políticos que resultaram na aprovação da meta de investimento público do II Plano Nacional de Educação (II PNE) (Lei 13.005/2014). O estudo conta com três principais fontes de informação, quais sejam, i) a revisão bibliográfica acerca da temática do financiamento educacional e da planificação da área, ii) entrevistas com atores da comunidade educacional, além de iii) análise de registros públicos do processo de construção social e tramitação legislativa do plano. O modelo de coalizões de defesa orienta as análises desenvolvidas, aliado à literatura sobre projetos políticos e instrumentos de políticas públicas. Foram identificadas duas coalizões que defendiam interesses, ideias e propostas sobre o tema, tendo influenciado a versão final da meta de investimento público em educação. A primeira coalizão, descrita sob o lema ampliação de recursos públicos para a educação pública, defendeu de maneira preponderante a maior destinação de recursos para as políticas de educação ofertadas exclusivamente pelo setor público, tendo influenciado centralmente a aprovação dos dois principais dispositivos trazidos pela meta 20, quais sejam, a vinculação de recursos como projeção percentual do PIB, o Custo Aluno Qualidade Inicial (CAQi) e o Custo Aluno Qualidade (CAQ). A segunda coalizão, identificada sob o lema ampliação de recursos públicos para a educação, aliada à gestão, defendia uma maior destinação de recursos para a área, contemplando a oferta educacional realizada por atores não-públicos, desde que aliada ao aprimoramento dos mecanismos de gestão do gasto. A análise do processo de construção do plano aponta a existência de múltiplos atores, governamentais e não-governamentais, que buscaram influenciar a formatação final do II PNE, no qual a temática do financiamento teve destaque. O texto final normativo é reflexo desta construção e, embora represente um extensivo e intensivo processo de racionalização decisória, produziu contradições que acabam por prolongar e intensificar a disputa no campo do financiamento educacionalThis dissertation discusses the issues of public education funding in Brazil, and aims to analyze the context and political processes related to the approval of the public investment goal stablished by the II Plano Nacional de Educação (II National Education Plan) (Lei 13.005/2014), based on the identification of actors, strategies, interests and ideas in dispute. The study is based on three main information resources, that is, i) bibliographic research related to the theme of education funding in Brazil, and educational planning, ii) interviews carried out with actors from educational community, besides iii) public documents from the process of social and legislative construction of the II National Education Plan. Advocacy coalition framework guides the presented analysis, along with political project and public policy instruments literature. There have been identified two coalitions defending interests, ideas and propositions to the theme, having influence to the final version of the education funding goal. The first coalition, defined under the term, enlargement of public resources for public education, defended a broader destination of resources to educational public policies carried out exclusively by the public sector, having influence to the approval of two main instruments of the 20 goal, that are, linking resources as a percentage of the PIB (GDP), the Cost of Initial Quality Education per Student (CAQ) and the Cost of Quality Education per Student. The second coalition, identified under the term enlargement of public resources for education, allied to management, defended a broader destination of public resources to the area, including the policies offered by non-state institutions, as long as connected to the enhancement of quality expenditure mechanisms. The analysis of the process points out the existence of multiple social actors, governmental and non-governmental, which sought to influence the II PNE, process in which the education funding theme was central. The final version of the plan reflects this construction and, although represents an extensive and intensive decisional rationalization process, it has produced contradictions that end up prolonging and intensifying the dispute in educational funding arena
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Odame, Emmanuel, Ying Li, Shimin Zheng, and Ken Silver. "Meta-Analysis to Determine Vulnerability of Rural Areas to Heat Mortality." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/23.
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Background: Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated a possible correlation between high temperature and mortality in different settings. Most of these studies have focused on urban settings in industrialized countries, concluding that urban populations are more vulnerable to heat effects than rural populations. This has mainly been attributed to the urban heat island (UHI) effect, a phenomenon which explains the elevated temperatures in urban areas. Others have contradicted this finding and concluded that rural residents are more vulnerable. For this study, we test the hypothesis that rural populations and sub-populations are also vulnerable to heat mortality. Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify peer-reviewed studies investigating heat mortality in rural settings. Using keywords and a set of rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten studies were selected. Meta-analysis was then performed using the Comprehensive MetaAnalysis V3.exe software. Results and discussion: The pooled relative risk (RR) was 1.191 (95% confidence interval: 1.130-1.251). Although rural populations may not be exposed to as high temperatures as urban populations, they remain vulnerable to heat effects. Conclusion: There is evidence of heat vulnerability in rural populations and subpopulations. Heat vulnerability is not only determined by heat exposure, but also by sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Rural populations and sub-populations may be vulnerable to heat mortality due to low adaptive capacity. Further studies are needed to assess risk factors that predispose rural populations and sub-populations to heat mortality in order to develop effective public health interventions.
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Thomas, Eugene M. "A Meta-Analytic Investigation Examining Effective Characteristics of Professional Development in K-12 Education Since the Inception of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2002." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1370956977.
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Balima, Weneyam Hippolyte. "Essays on economic policies and economy of financial markets in developing and emerging countries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAD024/document.
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Cette thèse s'intéresse aux questions d'accès aux marchés financiers dans les économies émergentes et en développement. La première partie donne un aperçu général des conséquences macroéconomiques de l'un des régimes de politique monétaire le plus favorable au marché - le ciblage d'inflation - en utilisant le cadre d'analyse de la méta-analyse. La deuxième partie analyse le risque et la stabilité des marchés obligataires des États. La troisième et dernière partie examine les effets disciplinaires résultant de la participation aux marchés obligataires souverains. Plusieurs résultats émergent. Au chapitre 1, les résultats indiquent que la littérature sur les effets macroéconomiques du ciblage d'inflation est sujette à des biais de publication. Après avoir purgé ces biais, le véritable effet du ciblage d'inflation reste statistiquement et économiquement significatif à la fois sur le niveau de l'inflation et la volatilité de la croissance économique, mais ne l’est pas sur la volatilité de l'inflation ou le taux de croissance économique réel. Aussi, les caractéristiques des études déterminent l’hétérogénéité des résultats de l'impact du ciblage d’inflation dans les études primaires. Le chapitre 2 montre que l'adoption d'un régime de ciblage d'inflation réduit le risque souverain dans les pays émergents. Cependant, cet effet varie systématiquement en fonction du cycle économique, de la politique budgétaire suivie, du niveau de développement et de la durée dans le ciblage. Le chapitre 3 montre que les envois de fonds des migrants, contrairement aux flux d'aide au développement, permettent de réduire le risque souverain. Cette réduction est plus marquée dans un pays avec un système financier moins développé, un degré d'ouverture commerciale élevé, un espace budgétaire faible et sans effet dans les pays dépendants des envois de fonds. Le chapitre 4 montre que les pays ayant des contrats d’échange sur risque de crédit sur leurs dettes sont plus sujets à des crises de dette. Il constate également que cet effet reste sensible aux caractéristiques structurelles des pays. Le chapitre 5 montre que la participation aux marchés obligataires de long terme (domestiques et internationaux) encourage les gouvernements des pays en développement à accroître leurs recettes fiscales intérieures. Il révèle également que l'effet favorable dépend du niveau des recettes de seigneuriage, d’endettement, du régime de change, du niveau de développement économique, du degré d’ouverture financière, et du développement financier. Le chapitre 6 montre que la présence de marchés obligataires domestiques, de long terme et liquides réduit considérablement le degré de dollarisation financière dans les pays en développement. Cet effet est plus important dans les pays avec un régime monétaire de ciblage d’inflation ou de change flottant, et à règles budgétaires. Enfin, il constate que la présence de marchés obligataires domestiques réduit la dollarisation financière à travers la baisse du niveau et de la variabilité de l'inflation, de la variabilité du taux de change nominal, et des revenus de seigneuriageThis thesis focuses on some critical issues of the access to international financial markets in developing and emerging market economies. The first part provides a general overview of the macroeconomic consequences of one of the most market-friendly monetary policy regime—inflation targeting—using a meta-regression analysis framework. The second part analyses government bond market risk and stability. The last part investigates the disciplining effects of government bond market participation—bond vigilantes. In Chapter 1, the results indicate that the literature of the macroeconomic effects of inflation targeting adoption is subject to publication bias. After purging the publication bias, the true effect of inflation targeting appears to be statistically and economically meaningful both on the level of inflation and the volatility of economic growth, but not statistically significant on inflation volatility or real GDP growth. Third, differences in the impact of inflation targeting found in primary studies can be explained by differences in studies characteristics including the sample characteristics, the empirical identification strategies, the choice of the control variables, inflation targeting implementation parameters, as well as the study period and some parameters related to the publication process. Chapter 2 shows that the adoption of inflation targeting regime reduces sovereign debt risk in emerging countries. However, this relative advantage of inflation targeting—compared to money or exchange rate targeting—varies systematically depending on the business cycle, the fiscal policy stance, the level of development, and the duration of countries’ experience with inflation targeting. Chapter 3 shows that remittances inflows significantly reduce bond spreads, whereas development aid does not. It also highlights that the effect of remittances on spreads arises in a regimes of lower developed financial system, higher degree of trade openness, lower fiscal space, and exclusively in non-remittances dependent regimes. Chapter 4 indicates that countries with credit default swaps contracts on their debts have a higher probability of experiencing a debt crisis, compared to countries without credit default swaps contracts. It also finds that the impact of credit default swaps initiation is sensitive to several structural characteristics including the level of economic development, the country creditworthiness at the timing of credit default swaps introduction, the public sector transparency, the central bank independence; and to the duration of countries’ experiences with credit default swaps transactions. Chapter 5 shows that bond markets participation encourages government in developing countries to increase their domestic tax revenue mobilization. Finally, it finds that bond markets participation improves the mobilization of internal taxes, compared to tax on international trade, and reduces their instability. Chapter 6 shows that the presence of domestic bond markets significantly reduces financial dollarization in domestic bond markets countries. This effect is larger for inflation targeting countries compared to non-inflation targeting countries, is apparent exclusively in a non-pegged exchange rate regime, and is larger when there is a fiscal rule that constrains the conduct of fiscal policy. Finally, it finds that the induced drop in inflation rate and its variability, nominal exchange rate variability, and seigniorage revenue are potential transmission mechanisms through which the presence of domestic bond markets reduces financial dollarization in domestic bond markets countries
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Horáček, Přemysl. "Impacts of Ethanol Policy on Corn Prices: A Meta-Analysis." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357773.
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Deflecting a significant portion of corn production to ethanol for fuelling purposes increases the prices of corn. Although many studies examined the relationship between biofuels and agricultural commodity prices in the last decade, their estimates vary broadly (from nil to 85%). Without knowing the precise estimates of these impacts, policymakers can hardly set the biofuel policies optimally. I conduct a meta-analysis of over 150 estimates of the effect of corn ethanol production on corn prices to bring more clarity to the issue. Furthermore, I detect substantial selective reporting bias in the literature. After controlling for this bias with the use of various methods including the mixedeffects multilevel model, the results show that the true effect of a one billion gallon expansion in corn ethanol on corn prices is about 2-3%, which is less than commonly thought.
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Matizamhuka, Patience. "The link between racial prejudice and racial policy attitudes : a meta-analytic study." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3442.
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This meta-analytic study analyses the relationship between racial prejudice and racial policy attitudes. Specifically, it examines the effects of race attitudes (i.e., symbolic racism, oldfashioned racism, racial affect and stereotypes) on attitudes towards racial policies such as affirmative action, busing and fair housing laws, among others. Furthermore, the effects of
specific policy types (i.e., preferential treatment, compensatory programmes, desegregation and general legal policies) on racial policy attitudes were also examined. Finally, as a matter of interest, a racial attitude by racial policy type interaction was also analysed. 28 studies (N
= 187 191,216 effect sizes) were collected for analyses. Overall, results indicate that there is in fact a statistically significant correlation between race prejudice and racial policy attitudes. In terms of racial attitudes, all four dimensions of racial attitude types were significantly correlated with racial policy opinions, with symbolic racism presenting the strongest
relationship. All four racial policy types were also significantly correlated with the four racial attitudes.Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006
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Langenbrunner, John Charles Robert. "Quantitative synthesis methods scientific validity and utility for policy : a case study of carotid endarterectomy." 1990. http://books.google.com/books?id=D09YAAAAMAAJ.
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Brüsewitz, Caspar Gerbrandt. "The ECB, Austerity and the Fiscal Multiplier: A meta-regression analysis of Fiscal Multiplier Estimates in ECB Policy Recommendations." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-388746.
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The primary aim of this thesis is to examine whether the policy recommendations made by the European Central Bank in response to the financial crisis of 2008 were biased towards fiscal consolidation. It posits that such policies, commonly known as austerity, were underpinned by estimates of the fiscal multiplier that were lower than those of international and independent researchers. To analyse this, it provides a systematic overview of the ECB's fiscal multiplier estimates by performing a meta-regression analysis on all ECB working papers making multiplier estimates published between 1992 and 2012, and comparing the results against those of a larger dataset containing multiplier estimates made. It finds that the multiplier estimates of the ECB are significantly lower than the norm, which is potentially suggestive of bias. This thesis contributes to the literature on ideational bias in economic policy-making by providing a systematic literature review that helps inform the discussion on austerity in the EU. It also servers as a replication and expansion of previous meta-regression studies on the fiscal multiplier, by being the first study that specifically examines the estimates of a specific institution.
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Malange, Ramsay. "Judging the quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses for policy analysis: an exploratory study of utilization in three ministries in British Columbia." Thesis, 2017. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/8468.
Full textAbstract:
Public policy analysts are often tasked with reviewing research or other forms of evidence in order to provide advice for policy decisions. Many have argued that systematic reviews that include meta-analyses (SRMAs) are the most rigorous forms of evidence, and thus, when possible, should form the basis of policy decisions. However, it is not yet clear to what extent policy analysts are aware of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, or to what extend they use them to inform policy work. Moreover, given the importance of evaluating the quality of research before using it for policy, it is not clear to what extent policy analysts feel able to judge the quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. An online survey was used to provide initial estimates of the extent to which policy analysts a) are familiar with SRMAs; b) use these reviews to inform their policy work; and c) are able to evaluate them. It further sought to explore other correlates of use, barriers to use, methods to increase use, and knowledge of factors that influence quality. Thirty-nine Ministerial policy analysts responded to the survey, 18 from the Ministry of Health, 9 from the Ministry of Environment, and 12 from other ministries. Policy analysts reported being fairly familiar with both systematic reviews and meta-analyses, although they were more familiar with systematic reviews than with meta-analyses. There were no differences between the Health, Environment, or Other groups with respect to familiarity. Respondents reported moderate scores on most indicators of use, with results suggesting the Health group having the highest rates of use, followed by the Environment group and then the Other group. Finally, there were relatively high self-ratings on ability to judge the quality of SRMAs, with no differences found between groups. The results of other exploratory analyses are also presented, and implications and recommendations are discussed.Graduate
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WANG, HSI-WEN, and 王錫雯. "Research Agenda and Policy Development of Community in Taiwan: Meta-analysis of Graduate Dissertations (1995-2009)." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80800476583634852518.
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Wolansky, Randall. "Conflicting values ; "official" and "counter" meta-narratives on human rights in Canadian foreign policy - the case of East Timor." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11468.
Full textAbstract:
Belief in human rights is a value central to the Canadian self-image. Canadians view
the development of Canada's international peacekeeping role and overseas development
assistance program in the post-1945 era as the foreign policy manifestation of this belief.
It has led to the national myth of the country as a "Humanitarian Middle Power".
Canada's response to Indonesia's oppressive occupation of East Timor (1975 - 1999)
contradicted this national myth. The concept of meta-narrative, of political mythmaking,
is used to examine the reasons why the Liberal and Progressive Conservative
governments in Ottawa during this period perceived Canada's national interest in
maintaining a strong economic relationship with Jakarta over the protection of human
rights in East Timor. These "Official" meta-narratives were countered by Canadian
human rights activists, such as the East Timor Alert Network, who stressed the primacy
of human rights in foreign-policy decision-making. Ultimately, this debate represents a
conflict of values in Canadian society. The "Official" meta-narrative has developed
since World War II in active support of the capitalist world-system dominated by the
United States, whereas the "Counter" meta-narrative challenges the morality of that
system. The "Humanitarian Middle Power" myth, which is at the core of the Canadian
identity vis-a-vis the international community, is not completely invalid, but it is greatly
limited by the firm adherence of Canadian governments to the world economic structure.
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Linhares, Pedro André Simões Roque. "A meta-analysis on the Bank of Japan quantitative easing policy: the Bank of Japan's effectiveness to promote economic growth." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/18630.
Full textAbstract:
As the Qualitative and Quantitative Easing programmes are still in place there have
been signs that the Japanese economy will maintain a path of moderate economic
growth, still, without glancing the desired 2% inflation. The question over whether and
how the Bank of Japan successive quantitative easing programmes, which were based
on an unprecedented increase on the central bank’s asset sheet, have been successful in
promoting a steady growth of the Japanese Economy, has been debated by the literature
that is focused on the transmission channels of monetary policy. We present a
comprehensive meta-analysis that focus on the literature that have been studying the
effectiveness of the Bank of Japan’s policies during the 2001 to 2016 period, that resorts
to the Vector Auto-regressive methodology to analyze, through impulse response
functions, how monetary policy shocks impact output. An analysis based on funnel
plots - Funnel Asymmetry Test - and linear regressions - Precision Effect Test - does
not provide evidence of publication bias, neither the consensus over the output growth
during the quantitative years. A meta-probit analysis suggests that a study with the
characteristics mentioned above, which uses certain variables to build the model –
industrial output, price level, bond yield and either the money base or the money supply
- as well as different specifications in the data used - increasing the number of
observations used or choosing quarterly data - will affect the probability of reporting
statistically significant output growth; notwithstanding, the evidence found in this last
analysis varies in terms of statistical robustness.Ainda com o programa de "Qualitative" e "Quantitative Easing" em vigor, têm existido sinais de que a economia japonesa manterá um caminho de moderada recuperação económica; não obstante, sem se vislumbrar o desejado crescimento da inflação a 2%. A questão em torno de se, e como, os sucessivos programas de "quantitative easing" baseados num crescimento sem precedentes dos ativos do Banco Central do Japão, têm tido sucesso em promover o crescimento estável da economia japonesa, tem sido discutida na literatura que se foca nos mecanismos de transmissão da política monetária. Neste estudo, apresentamos uma meta-análise que se foca na literatura que estuda a eficácia das políticas do Banco do Japão durante o período de 2001 a 2016. Literatura essa que recorre a metodologia baseada em modelos "Vector Auto-regressive", para analisar através de funções de resposta a impulso, como é que os choques causados por ferramentas de política monetária afetam a produção da economia japonesa. Com base numa análise em gráficos de dispersão em funil - "Funnel Asymmetry Test" - e em regressões lineares - "Precision Effect Test" - não obtivemos provas que sugerissem "publication bias" - enviesamento dos resultados publicados em revistas - nem provas que sugerissem um consenso entre a literatura visada, relativamente ao valor do crescimento da atividade económica no Japão durante os períodos de "quantitative easing". Uma análise baseada em modelos meta-probit, sugere que a inclusão, em estudos com a estrutura atrás mencionada, de certas variáveis no modelo a estimar (relativas à economia Japonesa) – o "output" industrial, o nível dos preços, as taxas de retorno de títulos da dívida japonesa, ou tanto a base monetária como a oferta de moeda nacional - tal como outras especificações relativas ao tipo de dados utilizados - o incremento do número de observações ou a utilização de dados trimestrais - podem afetar a probabilidade das estimações virem a reportar um crescimento positivo e estatisticamente significativo na atividade económica. Os resultados encontrados nesta última análise variam em termos de robustez estatística.
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Möser, Guido [Verfasser]. "Systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis : methodological foundations and practical applications in the domain of transport policy / vorgelegt von Guido Möser." 2007. http://d-nb.info/983766525/34.
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Gibson, Brendan John Joseph. "From Transfer to Transformation: Rethinking the Relationship between Research and Policy." Phd thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/47083.
Full textAbstract:
The most common and enduring explanation for the way research is used (or abused or not used) in policy is the ‘two communities’ theory. According to this theory, the problematic relationship between research and policy is caused by the different ‘cultures’ inhabited by policy makers and researchers. The most common and enduring types of strategies that are put forward to increase research use in policy involve bridging or linking these ‘two communities’. This study challenges this way of thinking about the relationship between research and policy. Four case studies of national public health policy in Australia are used to present the context, events, processes, research, and actors involved in policy making. Three theories are deployed to explore the relationship between research and policy in each of the cases individually and across the cases as a whole. The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) understands the relationship in terms of a power struggle between competing coalitions that use research as a political resource in the policy process. The Policy Making Organisation Framework (PMOF) understands the relationship in terms of institutional and political factors that determine the way data is selected or rejected from the policy process. The Governmentality Framework (GF) understands the relationship in terms of the Foucauldian construct of power/knowledge that is created through discourse, ‘regimes of truth’ and ‘regimes of practices’ found in public health policy and research. ...
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Yu, Ya-Han, and 余雅涵. "The Analysis on Operating Efficiency and Policy Simulation of Senior Citizens’ Welfare Institutions – Application of Bounded- variable and Meta-frontier Data Envelopment Analysis." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d2zcmy.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東海大學
國際貿易學系
101
This research aims at studying the operating efficiency of senior citizen’s welfare institutions in Taiwan and the impact of the Ten-Year Long Term Care Plan by Executive Yuan of Taiwan on operating efficiency. In the modeling, we categorize senior citizens’ welfare institutions based on their service scope (general and nursing care) and founding organization (public, private foundation, and affiliated foundation) and build models accordingly. We first evaluate technical efficiency(TE), technology gap ratio(TGR), and meta-frontier technical efficiency(MTE) of each institution by bounded-variable and meta-frontier data envelopment analysis. Next, we apply Tobit regression model to study influences of service scope, founding organization and accreditation ranking on operating efficiency. Last, we conduct a simulation to evaluate the impact of increased nursing personnel from the Ten-Year Long Term Care Plan. The empirical studies show the followings. (1)In the service scope model, nursing care institutions perform better than general institutions in terms of TGR and MTE. In the founding organization model, significant differences in TE are observed among the three types of institutions. In addition, their TGRs are close to 1, indicating that efficiency frontiers are close to meta-frontier. (2)Accreditation ranking is contradictory to occupancy rate in terms of operating efficiency. (3)As the number of nursing personnel increases by 1184, the estimated number of senior citizens in care increases by between 1605 and 1754. Meanwhile, loading of personnel is reduced and service quality is improved.
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Cruz, Cláudia Joaquina Machado. "Crises humanitárias, os media e a política externa." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/18828.
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Dissertação de mestrado em Relações InternacionaisO objectivo da presente investigação consiste em determinar como foi retratado o terramoto do Haiti, ocorrido a 12 de Janeiro de 2010, em duas realidades que pertencem a sistemas mediáticos distintos e com uma relação de proximidade diferenciada relativamente ao acontecimento. Tal análise comparada do tratamento noticioso constante nas imprensas portuguesa e norte-americana permitirá aferir até que ponto se verificam algumas das tendências generalizadas que caracterizam a cobertura de crises ou catástrofes naturais, a saber: o recurso habitual a enquadramentos emocionais, bem como, uma eventual influência dos media nas decisões de política externa. Recorrendo a uma metodologia qualitativa que combina a meta-performance com a framing analysis de quatro jornais portugueses (Público, Jornal de Notícias, Diário de Notícias, e Expresso) e dois americanos (The New York Times e o The Washington Post), no período entre Dezembro de 2009 e Abril de 2010, conclui-se nesta dissertação que existiu um grau considerável de contraste entre a cobertura noticiosa nas imprensas portuguesa e norte-americana. Tais diferenças verificaram-se ao nível da primazia dada às fontes de origem nacional, do recurso dissemelhante a expressões e temas que centram o acontecimento no sofrimento das vítimas e que revestem a cobertura dos tons negativo e de empatia, bem como, uma cobertura enaltecedora dos esforços nacionais no caso norte-americano. Por fim, apesar de existir uma intersecção entre as agendas mediática e governamental, não se encontraram indícios que confirmem peremptoriamente a existência da influência comprovada dos conteúdos mediáticos no processo de tomada de decisões dos governos em estudo.
The main objective of this investigation is to understand how the 12th January 2010 Haiti´s earthquake was described by the media, within two realities that belong to distinct media systems and have different levels of proximity with the country affected by the event. The analysis regarding the news media coverage of the Portuguese and the north-American press enables to assess to which extent some of the tendencies about the media influence on policy can be confirmed, namely the use of an emotional media framing and an eventual influence of the media over the foreign policy decisionmaking. After combining a meta-performance and a framing analysis of four Portuguese (Público, Jornal de Notícias, Diário de Notícias, and Expresso) and two north-American newspapers (The New York Times e o The Washington Post), concerning the period between December 2009 and April 2010, the investigation concludes that there was a significant contrast between the news media coverage performed by the Portuguese and the north-American press. These differences are perceivable through the preference given to national sources, the dissimilar use of expressions and issues that focus the event on human suffering, promoting a negative and empathic approach, as well as a coverage which praises national efforts in the north-American case. Finally, despite the intersection among the media and the government agendas, it was not possible to find evidence that prove the real influence of the news media coverage over the Portuguese and American decision-making process.
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"Analyzing Student Problem-Solving Behavior in a Step-Based Tutor and Understanding the Effect of Unsolicited Hints." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14247.
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abstract: Lots of previous studies have analyzed human tutoring at great depths and have shown expert human tutors to produce effect sizes, which is twice of that produced by an intelligent tutoring system (ITS). However, there has been no consensus on which factor makes them so effective. It is important to know this, so that same phenomena can be replicated in an ITS in order to achieve the same level of proficiency as expert human tutors. Also, to the best of my knowledge no one has looked at student reactions when they are working with a computer based tutor. The answers to both these questions are needed in order to build a highly effective computer-based tutor. My research focuses on the second question. In the first phase of my thesis, I analyzed the behavior of students when they were working with a step-based tutor Andes, using verbal-protocol analysis. The accomplishment of doing this was that I got to know of some ways in which students use a step-based tutor which can pave way for the creation of more effective computer-based tutors. I found from the first phase of the research that students often keep trying to fix errors by guessing repeatedly instead of asking for help by clicking the hint button. This phenomenon is known as hint refusal. Surprisingly, a large portion of the student's foundering was due to hint refusal. The hypothesis tested in the second phase of the research is that hint refusal can be significantly reduced and learning can be significantly increased if Andes uses more unsolicited hints and meta hints. An unsolicited hint is a hint that is given without the student asking for one. A meta-hint is like an unsolicited hint in that it is given without the student asking for it, but it just prompts the student to click on the hint button. Two versions of Andes were compared: the original version and a new version that gave more unsolicited and meta-hints. During a two-hour experiment, there were large, statistically reliable differences in several performance measures suggesting that the new policy was more effective.Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Computer Science 2011
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Mensah, Amos. "Performance of the Fruit Crop Industry in Ghana: Empirical Results and Policy Implications." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-995C-0.
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Arantes, Janine Aldous. "Big data, black boxes and bias: the algorithmic identity and educational practice." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1430134.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)This dissertation adds to a burgeoning conversation in education about the implications of commercial platforms being embedded in classrooms and educational practice. Drawing on a postdigital Deleuzian perspective, the study explores how Australian K-12 teachers are negotiating their educational practice as part of a broader data-driven infrastructure which includes predictive analytics and algorithmic bias. It does this by considering the changing role of the teacher’s digital profile through a transdisciplinary lens derived from Education, Media and Communications, and Learning Analytics. Drawing on twelve months of data generation, consisting of an online survey (N=129), two phases of interviews (N=40) with 23 educators from across Australia, and a platform analysis (Edmodo), the study illuminates a startling correlation between the commercial profiling of teachers and relatively intangible workplace hazards. The findings show that teachers are negotiating commercial platforms as a form of psychosocial risk in the workplace, yet not discussing their concerns due to fears of workplace victimization. As such, the study uses the findings to offer theoretical and practical approaches, aimed at improving workplace conditions for teachers. Introducing the eMorpheus Theory - a series of practical recommendations for teachers, schools and Australian Departments of Education, the study details a National Strategy in K-12 Educational Settings, suggests Policy and Legislation, and advises methods for Co-regulation and Self-regulation of commercial platforms and data stewardship in schools. The study concludes by detailing recommendations for further research as a result of the workplace issues identified in Australian educational settings.