Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mesures sur pointes'
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Bonthonneau, Yannick. "Résonances du laplacien sur les variétés à pointes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112141/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the resonances of the Laplace operator on cusp manifolds. They are manifolds whose ends are real hyperbolic cusps. The resonances were introduced by Selberg in the 50's for the constant curvature cusp surfaces. Their definition was later extended to the case of variable curvature by Lax and Phillips. The resonances are the poles of a meromorphic family of generalized eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator. They are associated to the continuous spectrum of the Laplace operator. To analyze this continuous spectrum, different directions of research are investigated.On the one hand, we obtain results on the localization of resonances. In particular, if the curvature is negative, for a generic set of metrics, they split into two sets. The first one is included in a band near the spectrum. The other is composed of resonances that are far from the spectrum. This leaves a log zone without resonances. On the other hand, we study the microlocal measures associated to certain sequences of spectral parameters. In particular we show that for some sequences of parameters that converge to the spectrum, but not too fast, the associated microlocal measure has to be the Liouville measure. This property holds when the curvature is negative
Le, cigne Anthony. "Étude de l'influence du récepteur LRP-1 sur le potentiel invasif de cellules tumorales : mesures nanomécaniques et d'adhérence par microscopie à force atomique." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS024/document.
Full textThe low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) can internalize proteases involved in cancer progression and is thus considered a promising therapeutic target. However, it has been demonstrated that LRP-1 is also able to regulate membrane-anchored proteins. Thus, strategies that target LRP-1 to modulate proteolysis could also affect adhesion and cytoskeleton dynamics. Here, we investigated the effect of LRP-1 silencing on parameters reflecting cancer cells’ invasiveness by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results show that LRP-1 silencing induces changes in the cells’ adhesion behavior, particularly the dynamics of cell attachment. Clear alterations in morphology, such as more pronounced stress fibers and increased spreading, leading to increased area and circularity, were also observed. The determination of the cells’ mechanical properties by AFM showed that these differences are correlated with an increase in Young’s modulus. Moreover, the measurements show an overall decrease in cell motility and modifications of directional persistence. An overall increase in the adhesion force between the LRP-1-silenced cells and a gelatin-coated bead was also observed. Ultimately, our AFM-based force spectroscopy data, recorded using an antibody directed against the β1 integrin subunit, provide evidence that LRP-1 silencing modifies integrin dynamics. Together, our results show that techniques traditionally used for the investigation of cancer cells can be coupled with AFM to gain access to complementary phenotypic parameters that can help discriminate between specific phenotypes associated with different degrees of invasiveness
Potéreau, Manuel. "Contribution à la caractérisation de composants sub-terahertz." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0243/document.
Full textThe continuous improvement in Silicon technologies allows SiGeC (Silicon-Germanium-Carbon) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT) to compete with III-V components for millimeter wave and sub-THz (below 300GHz) applications. The technology development cycle (characterization, modeling, design and fabrication) needs several iterations resulting in high costs. Furthermore, the measurement methodologies need to be re-assessed and modified to address higher measurement frequencies. In order to reduce the number of iterations and to allow reliable measurement in the sub-THz band, the characterization procedure has been revisited.First, a description and investigation of the measurement instrument (VNA) has been made. After exploring all possible calibration methods, the best candidate for an “on-wafer” calibration for the sub-THz frequency range has been selected. Then, after analyzing the limits of the chosen calibration method (Thru-Reflect-Line: TRL), workarounds are proposed, by modification of the errors coefficients calculation and by changing the standards used during the calibration process. At last, a study concerning the de-embedding methods is carried out. It is shown, that using two new standards helps to reduce the over-compensation of parasitic components
Daffé, Khadim. "Caractérisation hyperfréquence sous pointes de nano-dispositifs : métrologie et instrumentation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I080/document.
Full textIn the frame of the spectacular development of nano-objects, innovative on-wafer electrical measurement methods must be addressed at the nanoscale. In particular, two main issues have been identified. On one hand, nano-devices exhibit very high dynamic impedance in contrast with conventional measuring microwave instruments. On the other hand, there is an inherent size discontinuity between nano-objects and conventional measurement systems. Given the scientific challenge and a relatively limited state of the art, several avenues of investigation have been explored. First, as part of a European project bringing together metrology laboratories, and the joint laboratory IEMN-STMicroelectronics®, the traceability of nano-devices high impedance measurements is established. In a second step, the development of an electrical on-wafer measuring platform for nano-devices is described. This includes the development of new generations of GSG (Ground-Signal-Ground) miniaturized probes in MEMS (Microelectromechanical systems) technology with reduced access pads. The probes are mounted on a robotic nano-positioning platform integrated in a scanning electron microscope
Beccacece, Lorenzo. "Electromagnetic interaction between multi-walled carbon nanotube bundles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS268.
Full textThe use of 1D and 2D materials in electronic devices is a matter of interest for the scientific and industrial communities. Thanks to their unique properties, the researchers want to reach the device miniaturization. The carbon nanotubes are part of the 1D materials. After the study of the state of the art on this material and on its integration in electronic devices, we defined new research issues on the matter. The work performed in this Ph.D. covered the synthesis, characterization, modeling and integration of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (VAMWCNT) bundles, in microwave devices. The goal was to have a better comprehension of the electrical behavior of the synthetized material in the microwave spectrum, and to test the electromagnetic interaction between two large VAMWCNT bundles. This subject has never been previously explored. Advanced characterizations have been achieved on the material, to determine their quality and properties. Two equivalent electrical models, implemented with numerical experiments, were proposed to have the frequency-dependent behavior of the complex electrical impedance. The characterization results were used as feedback to validate and also to improve the models. A clean room fabrication process was optimized, in order to synthetize the VAMWCNT bundles directly on the metallic lines of the devices, and to study the impact of the synthesis. Finally, a microwave device was designed to study the electromagnetic coupling between two large VAMWCNT bundles. The measurements permitted to observe an effect which can be attributed to their capacitive and magnetic coupling
Fournier, Carine. "Points de vue d'élèves en troubles du comportement sur les mesures d'apaisement de deux écoles spécialisées." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2014. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7389/1/030768885.pdf.
Full textBosché, Aurélien. "Flots géodésiques expansifs sur les variétés compactes sans points conjugués." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM085/document.
Full textThis thesis is divided in two independants parts.In the first part we investigate dynamical properties of expansive geodesic flows on compact manifolds without conjugate points using the work of R.O.~Ruggiero. More precisely we show that such a flow admits a unique measure of maximal entropy and constructthis measure. This extends results known in non-positively curved manifolds of rank one (and our construction is analogous). Wethen show, using this measure of maximal entropy, that the asymptotics of Margulis (known for compact negatively curvedmanifolds) on the number of geodesic loops still hold in this framework.In the second part we study isometries of finite dimensionalsymmetric cones for both the Thompson and the Hilbert metric. More precisely we show that the isometry group induced by the linear automorphisms preserving such a cone is a subgroup of finite indexin the full group of isometries for those two metrics and give a natural set of representatives of the quotient. This extends resultsof L.~Molnar (who studied such isometies for the symmetric irreducible cone of symmetric positive definite operators on acomplex Hilbert space)
Haese, Gwénaëlle. "Mise au point et applications à l’eau potable d’une méthode de mesures sensorielles par indicateurs physiologiques." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCR0026.
Full textClassical physicochemical and/or sensory methodologies are inadequate to describe the perception of water. Indeed, the taste of water is difficult to describe due to the medium itself which is considered to have no taste or with tastes due to weak concentrations of sapid molecules. The objective of this thesis is to develop an innovative and objective method for measuring perception. In order to achieve this, a protocol adapted to tasting is constructed from physiological measurements that provide access to unconscious reactions from the nervous system in response to gustatory or olfactory stimuli. The objectives of this work were to: (1) review the various methods of physiological measurements; (2) determine the most relevant to the type of stimuli studied; (3) establish a link between the characteristics of interest (intensity, hedonic valence and concentration); (4) predict the perception of tastes and odours of water. In this study, the physiological measures investigated were the EEG, heart rate, electrodermal and skin blood flow responses. In order to evaluate a large spectrum of flavours, the four basic tastes (sweet, salty, acid and bitter) were used at weak concentrations close to the limit of perception, diluted in Evian water (reference water). An application to chlorine tasting has been developed. It showed that it is possible to construct individual sensory spaces of reference based upon the physiological responses, which are stable over time and directly related to the sensory characteristics of the stimuli and to their concentration in water. Finally, the methodology for building sensory spaces adapted to the characterization of the tastes and odours of water enables the construction of a perceptual space typical of a human subject. The prediction potential of this approach has been demonstrated and shows the relevance of the method for sensory evaluation
Baudot, Alice. "Etude et mise au point de méthodes de mesures non destructives permettant de caractériser les paramètres critiques de l'adhésion sur structures collées." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4300/document.
Full textThe enthusiasm for structural bonding is important in aeronautic. Currently there is no method to test non-destructively the adhesion in a bonded assembly. The usual NDT methods can detect the most common defects like delamination or disbond. The aim of this thesis is to determine an ultrasonic indicator related to the level of adhesion and the structural strength of bonded assemblies.The first step was the development of calibrated samples. The specimens are single lap shear joints. Three different surface treatments have been developed to obtain three different levels of ultimate tensile strength and therefore three distinct levels of adhesion. Detailed cartographies of the adhesive joint are obtained by ultrasound. After mechanical testing the fracture surfaces are analyzed. Additional tests by microtomography were performed. They were used to validate the quality of samples. The objective of standards sample is achieved. A specific control system has been achieved to use acoustoelasticty to study the stress field in the bonded assembly. The variations of time of flight in the aluminum part in pulse-echo mode during mechanical test are analysed. First, the method is validated with an aluminum test piece. Then, it is shown, for a sample with defect, the edges of a defect are visible through the increase of stresses on its borders. Numerical simulations give the same trends
Badreddine, Issam. "Mise au point d'un test de toxicité basé sur la mesure de l'activité de la phosphatase alcaline de microphytes." Chambéry, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CHAMS026.
Full textRenaud, Jean-Sébastien. "La mesure de la satisfaction des clients : Effet de la polarité, du nombre de points et de l'étiquetage de l'échelle de réponse sur la distribution des réponses et sur les qualités psychométriques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28787/28787.pdf.
Full textNachawaty, Abir. "Propriétés électroniques du graphène épitaxié proche de point de neutralité de charge." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS095/document.
Full textLocal and nonlocal magnetoresistances measurements on monolayer graphene grown on the silicon face of silicon carbide (SiC) are reported. The purpose of this work is to understand the physical phenomena appearing close to the charge neutrality point in these monolayers. The first issue to overcome was that graphene is generally strongly doped with electrons due to the interaction with the substrate. The control of the Fermi level has been realised using the corona discharge method. The disorder amplitude has been evaluated in these structures by : (i) fitting the resistivity dependence curve of the Hall coefficient obtained at room temperature; (ii) fitting the temperature dependence of the Hall density for samples that were prepared near the charge neutrality point. All these analyses gave a disorder strength equal to (20 ± 10) meV. It is then shown that for samples with low hole doping, the Hall resistance exhibits an ambipolar behavior as a function of the magnetic field. This behavior is accompanied by the appearance of a local maximum in the longitudinal resistance.This behavior is been explained by a charge transfer model between regions of different doping in graphene. Nevertheless, the microscopic origin of these regions is poorly known. Finally, nonlocal measurements carried out on these samples showed the appearance of important nonlocal resistances which in some cases exceed the corresponding longitudinal resistances. The analysis of these results shows that the contribution of spin current and thermal effects on the occurrence of these nonlocal voltages is neglegible. In contrast, the experimental data are reproduced quite well by a model based on counter-propagating edge states backscattered by the bulk
Lin, Shen. "Marche aléatoire indexée par un arbre et marche aléatoire sur un arbre." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112379/document.
Full textThe aim of this Ph. D. thesis is to study several probabilistic models linking the random walks and the random trees arising from critical branching processes.In the first part, we consider the model of random walk taking values in a Euclidean lattice and indexed by a critical Galton–Watson tree conditioned by the total progeny. Under some assumptions on the critical offspring distribution and the centered jump distribution, we obtain, in all dimensions, the asymptotic growth rate of the range of this random walk, when the size of the tree tends to infinity. These results also allow us to describe the asymptotic behavior of the range of a branching random walk, when the size of the initial population goes to infinity. In parallel, we treat likewise some cases where the random walk has a non-zero constant drift.In the second part, we focus on the fractal properties of the harmonic measure on large critical Galton–Watson trees. By harmonic measure, we mean the exit distribution from a ball centered at the root of the tree by simple random walk on this tree. If the critical offspring distribution is in the domain of attraction of a stable distribution, we prove that the mass of the harmonic measure is asymptotically concentrated on a boundary subset of negligible size with respect to that of the boundary. Assuming that the critical offspring distribution has a finite variance, we are able to calculate the mass of the harmonic measure carried by a random vertex uniformly chosen from the boundary
Luquiens, Amandine. "Qualité de vie dans le trouble d'usage d'alcool : une mesure de l'effet thérapeutique du point de vue des patients." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB118/document.
Full textContext : The evolution of practices in alcohol use disorder field, following the model of patient-centered care, lets revisit the concept of remission for a better consideration of the patient's point of view, participating predominantly in the definition of therapeutic objectives and in their assessment. Yet few of these subjective criteria of the evaluation of patient outcomes have actually included the patient in their development. Until recently, quality of life instruments the most used among patients with alcohol use disorder were generic ones, and their development and particularly generation of items did not involve patients, but rather experts and were based on existing literature. Methods : we conducted a systematic literature review identifying randomized clinical trials testing an intervention in alcohol-dependent patients, and measuring its effectiveness on quality of life. We have listed the dimensions explored in the existing instruments. It has been shown that these instruments did not optimally explore the impact of alcohol dependence on quality of life in this population. On this, we have developed a scale specific for patients with alcohol use disorder, following the recommendations of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on the development of "Patient-Reported Outcomes", namely involving patients extensively. We used the method of focus groups conducted in parallel in France and Great Britain with 38 patients with alcohol use disorder. These groups allowed the generation of a pool of items, secondarily tested by individual cognitive interviews with 31 patients, resulting in the final scale "Alcohol Quality of Life Scale" (AQoLS). We then validated the AQoLS scale on a sample of 285 French patients with alcoho use disorder, recruited from randomly selected centers in France. Results: The scale has 34 items developed, distributed in seven dimensions: social relationships, activities, living conditions, looking after self, negative emotions, sleep and loss of control. The validation study confirmed six of the seven dimensions, with a slightly different distribution of the items. The "looking after self" dimension disappeared in favor of a new dimension of self-esteem. Control and self-esteem dimensions are innovative in a health-related quality of life instrument in adults. The scale showed good psychometric properties, with good internal consistency (Cronbach = 0.96), and a moderate correlation with sub-scores of the SF-36 and EQ-5D. A qualitative complementary work could illustrate the links between the different affected areas, including the proximity in patients’ perception between self-esteem, loss of control and cognitive impairment. Conclusion : The move towards a model of patient-centered care allows considering a different approach of remission and to build and validate a measure of health-related quality of life close to the concerns of patients with a alcohol use disorder, AQoLS scale. Two innovative dimensions were attached to this concept: loss of control from the patient's perspective, and self-esteem
Brut, Aurore. "Mesure des échanges surface-atmosphère : paramétrisation des flux sur l'océan et mise au point d'un instrument pour la détermination de flux d'espèces en trace." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30146.
Full textInteractions between the huge oceanic surfaces and the atmosphere involve substantial amount of energy and material. So, taking these exchanges into account in a more realistic way is essential to improve numerical weather forecasting as well as our knowledge of climate. An efficient mean to precisely estimate the transfer of gas and energy above the sea surface is still the local measurement. With this aim in view, the EQUALANT99 experiment, which took place in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean in summer 1999, allowed to gather a large meteorological dataset. First, turbulent fluxes above the ocean have been estimated with both inertial dissipation and eddy correlation methods. .
Millau, Jean-François. "Test fonctionnel de mesure des activités enzymatiques de réparation de l'ADN par excision resynthèse sur support miniaturisé : mise au point et applications." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00126858.
Full textNous avons développé un test in vitro offrant une mesure parallélisée, fonctionnelle et spécifique d'activités enzymatiques de réparation de l'ADN. Pour ce faire, nous avons adapté un test d'excision resynthèse au format biopuce.
Nous avons mis au point les différentes étapes du test : la fabrication de la biopuce, la normalisation et l'analyse des données, les conditions de réactions biologiques. Nous avons ensuite validé le test en démontrant que nous mesurions des activités enzymatiques de réparation. Enfin deux expériences applicatives de ce test ont été réalisées. Nous avons tout d'abord mis en évidence la similitude des profils de réparation de trois souches de fibroblastes humains issus de cultures primaires, mais aussi les différences des capacités de réparation qu'il existe entre les fibroblastes, kératinocytes, et cellules mononuclées du sang périphérique. Par la suite, nous avons démontré que la réparation de l'ADN est impliquée dans la réponse adaptative des cellules au rayonnement ionisant.
Les applications futures de ce test sont importantes, tant en recherche fondamentale qu'appliquée pour le criblage de molécules, ou encore dans le domaine diagnostic.
Karam, Habib. "Mise au point de la mesure de sections efficaces de réactions (n,XN) par spectroscopie γ prompte sur des cibles très radioactives." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6014.
Full textThe “Bataille” law obliged the CNRS to develop researches on the reprocessing of the nuclear waste. It is in this frame that our group GRACE (Groupe de Recherche sur l’Aval du Cycle Electronucléaire) of the IPHC began researches that contribute to the development of the hybrid reactors. However, the field of research widened because it now includes studies to develop the Thorium cycle. GRACE has undertaken measurements of (n,xng) reactions cross sections badly known or for which no measurement exists yet. The experiments were performed at the “white” neutron beam generated by GELINA facility in Geel, Belgium. The time of flight technique was applied. The g spectroscopy used for these measurements requires the detection of g rays with a good energy resolution. Because of the existence of a g flash created at the same time as the neutron beam, a short dead time is also required, to be able to detect the high energy neutrons. GRACE managed to conciliate these two imperatives by finalizing a new method based on the digital treatment of the signal. Using large HPGe coaxial detectors, (n,xng) cross sections measurements on the 206,207,208Pb nuclei were successfully realized at a 200 m flight path. The work presented in this thesis consists in adapting the method to highly radioactive targets. For that reason, the new measurement took place on a 30 m flight path and planar germanium detectors were used. In order to check the correct functioning of the new experimental method, (n,n’g) cross section measurements on a natural lead target were done and the results found were compared with the experiments at 200 m and with the theoretical calculations of the TALYS code. After that, the partial inelastic scattering cross sections on the 182,186W were performed from the threshold up to 8 Mev. Finally, a 93,2% enriched 235U target was bombarded and three transitions due to the 235U(n,2ng)234U reaction were successfully analysed including the one from the 8+ to the 6+ state, never measured before. This work is an essential step for using this new method in order to measure the (n,2ng) reaction cross sections on the highly radioactive 233U isotope
Guedri, Houssemeddine. "Mise au point de biocapteurs basés sur la mesure d'activités métaboliques de cellules algales pour le monitoring de la qualité des milieux aquatiques." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0020/these.pdf.
Full textThe quality control of aquatic ecosystems requires tools for continuous and in situ detection as biosensors. This work proposes the development of biosensors for detection of some pollutants families. These tools are based on the measurement of two enzymatic activities in saline and freshwater algal cells. The first step was to find enzymatic activities varying with the presence of pollutants, this was studied in bioassays. Thus, we have shown that Alkaline Phosphatase Activity (APA) is sensitive to heavy metals and phosphates and that the Esterase Activity (AE) is sensitive to some pesticides. These results enabled us to develop different biosensors. For the detection of heavy metals, two conductometric biosensors have been developed. The first, based on the measurement of the APA of freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (Cv) immobilized by self assembled monolayers, lead to an improvement the repeatability and reproducibility measures as compared to previous works. The second biosensor, based on the same measurement, resulted in the overcoming of the effects of phosphate on Cv APA. For phosphate detection, a conductometric whole algal cells biosensor was developed with a detection limit of 0. 4µM phosphate ions. Finally, for pesticides detection in the marine environment, a conductometric biosensor based on measurement of AE in two marine algae has been developed. The results showed that it is sensitive to the presence of diuron and glyphosate. The biosensors developed in this study, will require same additional testing on natural samples, and then they could be used by managers for decision making
Dalverny, Elisabeth. "Mise au point d'un protocole d'essai de toxicité chronique base sur la mesure du taux intrinsèque d'accroissement de la population de Brachydanio rerio." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0015.
Full textThe chronic toxicity study of substances based on the intrinsic rate of population increase require the knowledge of survival and fecundity probabilities of the tests organisms. The chronic toxicity test application using Brachydanio rerio had been performed with three substances frequently meeting in waters (chrome, cadmium and atrazine) and had been conceived in two steps: - a life cycle test lasting 130 days post fertilisation for the determination of survival, growth and maturity ages, - a partial life cycle test for the reproduction study. We have compared the different development stage sensitivity and compared the sensitivity of the different tests methods: those based on the measure of intrinsic rate of population increase with those which also permit to assess the chronic toxicity: 15-days ELS tests and tests based on the reproduction. Reproduction appeared to be the most sensitive endpoint, the sensitivity factors determined between the early life stage and reproduction are equal to 4,7 to 11,7 with the three substances studies. Thus, the 15-days ELS tests appeared as no good predictors of effect on the complete life cycle on fish. However, for the ELS test realisation, our study shows that a test duration of 15 days is acceptable because the observed effects occurred within this duration. The toxicity test based on the intrinsic rate of population increase is a good method which provides an ecological relevant way but which present a bad cost-effective factor compared with ELS tests or reproduction tests
Wang, Zhao-Sheng. "Recherche sur les propriétés supraconductrices des supraconducteurs à base de Fer 122 par mesure de transport et microscopie à squid." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENY029/document.
Full textMore than twenty years after the discovery of high temperature superconductors, the underlying physical mechanism is still not well understood. In 2008, the discovery of a new family of high temperature superconductors, the iron-based superconductors, provided us a new chance to understand the high temperature superconductivity. Synthesizing high quality sample, detecting the basic superconducting properties, the gap structure and order parameter symmetry are essential steps in revealing the mechanism and application of new superconductors. This dissertation describes the growth of Ba$_{1-x}$K$_x$Fe$_2$As$_2$ single crystals and the study of superconducting properties, gap structure and order parameter on Ba-122 iron-based superconductors with resistivity, Hall probe, point contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy and scanning nano-squid microscopy measurements. Some historical events concerning superconductivity are recalled, and some key properties and theories of superconductivity are presented in Chapter 1. Then we will briefly introduce the discovery and current research situation of the iron-based superconductors. In Chapter 2, the growth procedure of Ba$_{1-x}$K$_x$Fe$_2$As$_2$ single crystals with self-flux method, and the characterization of the crystals with diffraction and energy dispersive analysis of x-ray, AC susceptibility and resistivity measurements are described. Then we report some results from temperature dependent resistivity measurements on Ba$_{1-x}$K$_x$Fe$_2$As$_2$ (0.23 $\leq x \leq$ 0.4) single crystals in magnetic fields up to 9 T and angle dependent resistivity measurements on Ba$_{0.6}$K$_{0.4}$Fe$_2$As$_2$ single crystals. In Chapter 3, we introduce some details about a Hall probe measurement system we built. Then we present local and global magnetization measurements on high pressure SmFeAsO$_{0.9}$F$_{0.1}$ polycrystals and Ba$_{0.6}$K$_{0.4}$Fe$_2$As$_2$ single crystals with Hall probe and VSM.In Chapter 4, we give a brief introduction about point contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy, then we report the measurements on Ba$_{0.6}$K$_{0.4}$Fe$_2$As$_2$ single crystal and a series of electron-doped BaFe$_{2-x}$Ni$_x$As$_2$ single crystals over a wide doping range.In Chapter 5, the development of a scanning nano-SQUID force microscope and measurements performed on a 80 nm Rhenium film are presented. The microscope can take topographic and magnetic images simultaneously. The maximal scanning range is \unit{70}{\micro\meter} $\times$ \unit{85}{\micro\meter} and the magnetic resolution is about $1.5 \times10^{-4}\Phi_0/\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$. In Chapter 6, we present some results from lower critical field, tunnel diode oscillator, heat capacity and scanning nano-squid microscopy measurements on systematic doped Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Ni$_x$)$_2$As$_2$ single crystals..Finally, in Chapter 7, a detailed summary is presented
Amri, Anis. "Autour de quelques statistiques sur les arbres binaires de recherche et sur les automates déterministes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0301.
Full textThis Phd thesis is divided into two independent parts. In the first part, we provide an asymptotic analysis of some statistics on the binary search tree. In the second part, we study the coupon collector problem with a constraint. In the first part, following the model introduced by Aguech, Lasmar and Mahmoud [Probab. Engrg. Inform. Sci. 21 (2007) 133—141], the weighted depth of a node in a labelled rooted tree is the sum of all labels on the path connecting the node to the root. We analyze the following statistics : the weighted depths of nodes with given labels, the last inserted node, nodes ordered as visited by the depth first search procees, the weighted path length, the weighted Wiener index and the weighted depths of nodes with at most one child in a random binary search tree. In the second part, we study the asymptotic shape of the completion curve of the collection conditioned to T_n≤ (1+Λ), Λ>0, where T_n≃n lnn is the time needed to complete accessible automata, we provide a new derivation of a formula due to Korsunov [Kor78, Kor86]
Lamaa, Lina. "Mise au point d'une méthode de mesure des siloxanes méthyliques volatils dans le biogaz et dans l'air ambiant et étude de leur impact sur les systèmes photocatalytiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10291/document.
Full textIn order to address the growing demand for indoor air treatment, many commercial systems based in the potocatalytic degradation using TiO2 have reached the market. Recently, deactivation of these systems has been observed. Some of the potentially most important deactivation pollutants are volatile methyl siloxanes (VMS), which are becoming more and more abundant indoor and in ambient air. Moreover, the increasing interest in the utilization of biogas to generate renewable energy (production of heat or electricity), has created significant concerns about the presence of VMS in the biogas. During biogas combustion, VMS are oxidized to abrasive microcrystalline silica that causes serious damage to gas engines, thus reducing the economic benefits of using biogas. Hence, it is essential to be able to measure the concentration of such VMS in ambient air and in biogas by a reliable method, as well as to study their impact on the photocatalytic systems. To address these issues, this work has three main parts: The first part is dedicated to the development of a method for measuring volatile methyl siloxanes in biogas and in ambient air. We have chosen sampling gas through sorbent tube followed by thermal desorption or chemical desorption (solvent extraction) and analysed using GC-MS. Since no systematic study on the choice of materials is related in the literature, we compared several types of adsorbents based on the determination of the VMS breakthrough volume (BV), in order to choose an appropriate adsorbent and to obtain accurate quantification of VMS. The second part is devoted to the evaluation of VMS in biogas and in ambient air at different sites. A reliable analytical method has been developed, and results are in agreement with the previous results obtained in the laboratory regarding the choice of adsorbents. Finally, in the third part, for a better understanding of the impact of VMS on photocatalytic systems, D4 was chosen as a VMS model compound as it is one of the most important VMS
Paret, Jean-Marc. "Étude et mise au point de la méthodologie de conception et de fabrication collective de microsystèmes sur silicium." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0015.
Full textGeorge, Carine. "Mise au point et utilisation d'un test de mesure d'activités enzymatiques de réparation de l'ADN in vitro sur biopuces pour l'identification de marqueurs d'expositions à des agents génotoxiques de l'environnement." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV083/document.
Full textHumans are constantly exposed to environmental genotoxic agents. These agents can induce different types of DNA damage, which have been associated with an increased risk of developing cancer. In order to maintain genomic integrity, cells have multiple DNA repair mechanisms that help protect their DNA from injury. Investigation of the impact of these exogenous genotoxic agents on individuals leads to the emergence of a new field, biomonitoring. This field allows researchers to evaluate individual exposure to genotoxic agents based on the detection of biological markers of exposure. However, up to now, the major limitations in this area are the lack of relevant biomarkers, as well as the availability of methods to detect them. In order to define new biomarkers, two cell lines were exposed to two well-known carcinogenic compounds, benzo[a]pyrene and vinyl chloride, as well as their toxic metabolites, in order to determine the consequences of these exposures. Two methods were used: DNA lesions were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS and DNA repair activities were evaluated using a microarray assay developed by the start-up company, LXRepair. This approach allowed us to gain a global understanding related to the exposure of these compounds by considering different parameters, such as the specificity of different cellular responses to a given genotoxic agent and the minimum concentration needed to observe an effect with respect to its toxicity. This study underlines the complexity to obtain specific cellular responses to a given genotoxic agent. However, DNA repair signatures bring on the intricacy of the regulations of DNA repair mechanisms and open up new research avenues
Oster, Laurence. "Mise au point de la mesure simultanée du calcium myoplasmique et de la réactivité d'une artère isolée et perfusée de rat : étude de l'influence du vieillissement sur le couplage calcium myoplasmique - vasoréactivité." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1T227.
Full textBAYET, ELODIE. "Contribution a la mesure de l'impedance electrochimique locale. Conception et mise au point d'une nouvelle technique basee sur l'electrode vibrante (svet). Applications a des systemes modeles et a des cas de corrosion." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066019.
Full textPalluau, Fabienne. "Mise au point et optimisation des techniques de prélèvement et d'analyse des composés organiques volatils (COV) dans l'atmosphère : Etude de l'influence de facteurs climatiques et de l'ozone sur les teneurs mesurées en COV." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13162.
Full textThorin, Trescases Nathalie. "Mise au point de la mesure simultanée du calcium myoplasmique et de la réactivité d'une artère isolée et perfusée de rat : étude de l'influence de l'hypertension et d'un traitement antihypertenseur chronique sur le couplage calcium myoplasmique-vasoréactivité." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10460.
Full textLigozat, Florence. "Un point de vue de didactique comparée sur la classe de mathématiques : étude de l'action conjointe du professeur et des élèves à propos de l'enseignement , apprentissage de la mesure des grandeurs dans des classes françaises et suisses romandes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX1A115.
Full textChamas, Hassan. "Etude de la localisation de nanofils de silicium sur des surfaces Si3N4 et SiO2 micro & nanostructurées." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961229.
Full textArbault, Stéphane. "Mise au point d'une methode de detection ex-vivo du peroxyde d'hydrogene par ultramicroelectrodes sur cellule humaine unique : applications a la mise en evidence et a la mesure en temps reel d'un stress oxydatif de fibroblastes transformes par sv#4#0 et de lymphocytes de patients vih#+." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077160.
Full textGirardeau, Thierry. "Etude des signaux exafs des laitons au cours de la transformation martensitique : mise au point d'un appareillage exafs de laboratoire adapte aux films minces." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2276.
Full textJimenez, Guizar Arturo Mauricio. "Communications coopératives dans les réseaux autour du corps humain pour la capture du mouvement." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI091/document.
Full textWireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) refers to the family of “wearable” wireless sensor networks (WSN) used to collect personal data, such as human activity, heart rate, sleep sequences or geographical position. This thesis aims at proposing cooperative algorithms and cross-layer mechanisms with WBAN to perform large-scale individual motion capture and coordinated group navigation applications. For this purpose, we exploit the advantages of jointly cooperative and heterogeneous WBAN under full/half-mesh topologies for localization purposes, from on-body links at the body scale, body-to-body links between mobile users of a group and off-body links with respect to the environment and the infrastructure. The wireless transmission relies on an impulse radio Ultra-Wideband (IR-UWB) radio (based on the IEEE 802.15.6 standard), in order to obtain accurate peer-to-peer ranging measurements based on Time of Arrival (ToA) estimates. Thus, we address the problem of positioning and ranging estimation through the design of cross-layer strategies by considering realistic body mobility and channel variations. Our first contribution consists in the creation of an unprecedented WBAN measurement database obtained with real experimental scenarios for mobility and channel modelling. Then, we introduce a discrete-event (WSNet) and deterministic (PyLayers) co-simulator tool able to exploit our measurement database to help us on the design and validation of cooperative algorithms. Using these tools, we investigate the impact of nodes mobility and channel variations on the ranging estimation. In particular, we study the “three-way ranging” (3-WR) protocol and we observed that the delays of 3-WR packets have an impact on the distances estimated in function of the speed of nodes. Then, we quantify and compare the error with statistical models and we show that the error generated by the channel is bigger than the mobility error. In a second time, we extend our study for the position estimation. Thus, we analyze different strategies at MAC layer through scheduling and slot allocation algorithms to reduce the impact of mobility. Then, we propose to optimize our positioning algorithm with an extended Kalman filter (EKF), by using our scheduling strategies and the statistical models of mobility and channel errors. Finally, we propose a distributed-cooperative algorithm based on the analysis of long-term and short-term link quality estimators (LQEs) to improve the reliability of positioning. To do so, we evaluate the positioning success rate under three different channel models (empirical, simulated and experimental) along with a conditional algorithm (based on game theory) for virtual anchor choice. We show that our algorithm improve the number of positions estimated for the nodes with the worst localization performance
Berrebi, Johanna. "Contribution à l'intégration d'une liaison avionique sans fil. L'ingénierie système appliquée à une problématique industrielle." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00800141.
Full textAnderson, De Serres François. "Le point sur l’avantage cognitif du bilinguisme : deux langues, deux mesures." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24339.
Full textThe present thesis aims to clarify the bilingual cognitive advantage debate. A review of the scientific literature must be realized to determine if speaking more than one language truly generates a cognitive improvement which can generalize itself further than within the sole language faculty. This will necessitate a modern and exhaustive redefinition of bilingualism and executive functions as research concepts in order to target the behavioral, cognitive and neurologic aspects at stake within the plurality of language.
Couto, Éric. "Le point de vue de conjoints judiciarisés pour leurs comportements violents sur l'effet qu'ont eu les mesures pénales et thérapeutiques sur leur cheminement." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7555.
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