Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mesures complexes'
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Rampon, Jean-Xavier. "Mesures de concurrence et extensions d'intervalles." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20024.
Full textManon, Yannick. "Etude de milieux de culture complexes et évolutifs par développement de mesures physiques en ligne." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0015/document.
Full textDuring cell cultures in bioreactors, micro-organism physiology closely interacts with physico-chemical parameters such as gas and feed flowrates, mixing, temperature, pH, pressure. The specificity of microbial bioreactions in relation with irreductible couplings between heat and mass transfers and fluid mechanics, led into complex (three-phase medium) and dynamic (auto-biocatalytics reaction) systems. Our scientific approach aims to investigate, understand and control dynamic interactions between physical and biological systems at different scales (macro, micro and molecular) for molecules, strains and/or bioprocess innovation. Cells (concentration, shape, dimension, physiology…) strongly affect physico-chemical properties of broth. Then the modification of these characteristics interacts with bioprocess performances (specific rates, yields…) with an improvement or, more frequently, a decrease of yields. Among these properties, rheological behaviour is a strategy widely used to understand the impact of cells and the derivation of bioprocess performances.In this manuscript, axenic cultures, defined as cultures of a pure and unicellular Prokaryote and Eukaryote microorganisms in bioreactors, are considered. Our approach is based on physical and physico-chemical on-line and off-line measurements in respect with accurate and stringent conditions imposed by cell culture strategy. Escherichia coli and Yarrowia lipolytica cultures were investigated with a control of growth rate by carbon feed in the range from 0.1 up to 100 g l-1. Our scientific and technical actions and results led:- to design and realize an original pilot based on a bioreactor (20 l) with a derivation loop including a specific on-line rheometric device as well as additional physical and biological measurements,- to identify, from a hydrodynamic standpoint, the generalized friction curves of calibrated ducts enabling on-line viscosimetry during cell cultures,- to conceive and validate a homemade software, named LoCoPREL, enabling simultaneously to control cell cultures under defined strategy and to manage flow sequences within the derivation loop,- to discuss and compare on-line physical measurements under constant flow rate and various sequence strategy related to investigated shear-rates,- to highlight about the non-newtonian rheological behaviour of broths and the gap between on-line and off-line measurements,- to analyse on-line and off-line physical measurements in the light of biological performances during fed-batch cultures (mass balance, specific rate, yield)
Blondel, Damien. "Conception et réalisation d'une sonde de métrologie optique pour l'étude de milieux industriels complexes." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES016.
Full textWileveau, Yannick. "Mesures du champ de contrainte dans les milieux complexes par la methode htpf. Naissance d'une sonde." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077159.
Full textContri, Alexandre. "Qualité géométrique de la mesure de surfaces complexes par moyens optiques." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DENS0025.
Full textSid-Ali, Ahmed. "Un processus empirique à valeurs mesures pour un système de particules en interaction appliqué aux réseaux complexes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33730.
Full textOn propose dans cette thèse une modélisation des réseaux sociaux par des processus aléatoires à valeurs mesures. Notre démarche se base sur une approche par espace latent. Cette dernière a été utilisée dans la littérature dans le but de décrire des interactions non-observées ou latentes dans la dynamique des réseaux complexes. On caractérise les individus du réseau par des mesures de Dirac représentant leurs positions dans l’espace latent. On obtient ainsi une caractérisation du réseau en temps continu par un processus de Markov à valeurs mesures écrit comme la somme des mesures de Dirac représentant les individus. On associe au réseau trois événements aléatoires simples décrivant les arrivées et les départs d’individus suivant des horloges exponentielles en associant chaque événement à une mesure aléatoire de Poisson. Cette thèse est composée essentiellement d’un premier chapitre réservé à l’état de l’art de la littérature de la modélisation des réseaux complexes suivi d’un second chapitre introductif aux processus aléatoires à valeurs mesures. Le 3-ème et 4-ème chapitres sont constitués de deux articles co-écrits avec mon directeur de thèse, Khader Khadraoui, et sont soumis pour publication dans des journaux. Le premier article, inclus dans le chapitre 3, se compose essentiellement de la description détaillée du modèle proposé ainsi que d’une procédure de Monte Carlo permettant de générer aléatoirement des réalisations du modèle, suivi d’une analyse des propriétés théoriques du processus aléatoire à valeurs mesures sous-jacent. On explicitera notamment le générateur infinitésimal du processus de Markov qui caractérise le réseau. On s’intéressera également aux propriétés de survie et d’extinction du réseau puis on proposera une analyse asymptotique dans laquelle on démontrera, en utilisant des techniques de renormalisation, la convergence faible du processus vers une mesure déterministe solution d’un système intégro-différentiel. On terminera l’article par une étude numérique démontrant par des simulations les principales propriétés obtenues avec notre modèle. Dans le second article, inclus dans le chapitre 4, on reformule notre modèle du point de vue des graphes géométriques aléatoires. Une introduction aux graphes géométriques aléatoires est d’ailleurs proposée au chapitre 1 de cette thèse. Le but de notre démarche est d’étudier les propriétés de connectivité du réseau. Ces problématiques sont largement étudiées dans la littérature des graphes géométriques aléatoires et représentent un intérêt théorique et pratique considérable. L’idée proposée est de considérer notre modèle comme un graphe géométrique aléatoire où l’espace latent représente l’espace sous-jacent et la distribution sous-jacente est celle donnée par le processus génératif du réseau. À partir de là, la question de la connectivité du graphe se pose naturellement. En particulier, on s’intéressera à la distribution des sommets isolés, i.e. d’avoir des membres sans connexion dans le réseau. Pour cela, on pose l’hypothèse supplémentaire que chaque individu dans le graphe peut être actif ou non actif suivant une loi de Bernoulli. On démontrera alors que pour certaines valeurs du seuil de connectivité, le nombre d’individus isolés suit asymptotiquement une loi de Poisson. Aussi, la question de la détection de communautés (clustering) dans leréseau est traitée en fonction du seuil de connectivité établi. Nous terminons cette thèse par une conclusion dans laquelle on discute de la pertinence des approches proposées ainsi que des perspectives que peut offrir notre démarche. En particulier, on donne des éléments permettant de généraliser notre démarche à une classe plus large de réseaux complexes.La fin du document est consacrée aux références bibliographiques utilisées tout au long de ce travail ainsi qu’à des annexes dans lesquelles le lecteur pourra trouver des rappels utiles.
This thesis concerns the stochastic modelling of complex networks. In particular, weintroduce a new social network model based on a measure-valued stochastic processes. Individuals in the network are characterized by Dirac measures representing their positions in a virtual latent space of affinities. A continuous time network characterizationis obtained by defining an atomic measure-valued Markov process as the sum of some Dirac measures. We endow the network with a basic dynamic describing the random events of arrivals and departures following Poisson point measures. This thesis is essentially consists of a first introductory chapter to the studied problems of complex networks modelling followed by a second chapter where we present an introduction to the theory of measure-valued stochastic processes. The chapters 3 and 4 are essentially composed of two articles co-written with my thesis advisor, Khader Khadraoui and submitted to journals for publication. The first article, included in chapter 3, mainly concerns the detailed description of the proposed model and a Monte Carlo procedure allowing one to generate synthetic networks. Moreover, analysis of the principal theoretical properties of the models is proposed. In particular, the infinitesimal generator of the Markov process which characterizes the network is established. We also study the survival and extinction properties of the network. Therefore, we propose an asymptotic analysis in which we demonstrate, using a renormalization technique, the weak convergence of the network process towards a deterministic measure solution of an integro-differential system. The article is completed by a numerical study. In the second article, included in chapter 4, we reformulate our model from the point of view of random geometric graphs. An introduction to random geometric graphs framework is proposed in chapter 1. The purpose of our approach is to study the connectivity properties of the network. These issues are widely studied in the literature of random geometric graphs and represent a considerable theoretical and practical interest. The proposed idea is to consider the model as a random geometric graph where the latent space represents the underlying space and the underlying distribution is given by the generative process of the network. Therefore, the question of the connectivity of the graph arises naturally. In particular, we focus on the distribution of isolated vertices, i.e. the members with no connections in the network. To this end, we make the additional hypothesis that each individual in the network can be active or not according to a Bernoulli distribution. We then show that for some values of the connectivity threshold, the number of isolated individuals follows a Poisson distribution. In addition, the question of clustering in the network is discussed and illustrated numerically. We conclude this thesis with a conclusion and perspectives chapter in which we discuss the relevance of the proposed approaches as well as the offered perspectives.The end of the thesis is devoted to the bibliographical references used throughout this work as well as appendices in which the reader can find useful reminders.
Ruffine, Livio. "Équilibres de phases à basse température de systèmes complexes CO2 - hydrocarbures légers - méthanol - eau : mesures et modélisation." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10160.
Full textHirata-Kohno, Noriko. "Approximation diophantienne de valeurs et de périodes de fonctions complexes." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066244.
Full textLi, Xiang. "Un modèle hybride statistique-déterministe du canal LMS en environnements complexes." Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2010/Li-Xiang/2010-Li-Xiang-These.pdf.
Full textThis PhD research focuses on the modeling and simulation of mobile satellite radio propagation channels in constrained areas, e. G. , build-up, urban and suburban areas. More precisely, the aim of the work is to develop a high performance model to predict the received signal behavior, in particular, the slow-fading and fast-fading. Based on a hybrid concept, we propose a novel channel model combining a deterministic approach (raytracing) and two statistical models : Nakagami-m and lognormal. The model was developed at L-band but is easily extensible to S-band. The context of this study and a state of art of the existing channel models are first introduced in chapter 1 of this thesis. After describing their advantages and drawbacks, we present the hybrid concept of our channel model. The work of chapter 2 aims at the selection of the fast-fading model. We use the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Kullback–Leibler test (with optimal histograms base on information theory) to compare the goodness of fit of different statistical models regarding to simulated sample signals. The third chapter is divided into two complementary studies as LOS and NLOS areas need to be modeled using optimum statistical laws. Based on deterministic simulations in Toulouse city areas using geosynchronous satellites, the channel behavior is studied from which we deduce our semi-deterministic model. It takes into account of the receiving site’s specificities and leads to dynamic statistical parameter setup. Finally, the use of the hybrid model is presented in chapter 4. We show the interest of our model by comparing the hybrid simulated signals to purely deterministically simulated ones in terms of precision and simulation time. In addition, the extensibility of our model is studied in order to use non-geosynchronous satellites
Rifi, Mouna. "Modélisation et Analyse des Réseaux Complexes : application à la sûreté nucléaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCD049.
Full textThis work aims to propose an adequate graph modeling approach for nuclear safety accident systems and sequences.These systems and sequences come from "Probabilistic Safety Analysis" (PSA) which is an exhaustive analysis of all possible accident scenarios, to estimate their probabilities of occurrence (by grouping them by families) and the associated consequences.Then, an analysis of the resulting networks is performed by network centrality measures. A first application consists on predicting the nuclear Risk Increase Factor, which is a PSA importance factor, using supervised learning algorithms : classification tree methods, logistic regression and ensemble learning methods, on un balanced data. Furthermore, a new synthetic centrality coefficient and a similarity measure are developed to compare the networks structures and their topological characteristics, based on their centrality vectors interdependencies. This new approach uses statistical techniques (sampling,correlation and homogeneity).The relevance and appreciation of this new measure of similarity are validated on the clustering of most popular theoretical graphs and on the prediction of the type of these graphs. Finally, an application of this approach has been conducted for the clustering of nuclear safety systems networks
Sayegh, Zaher. "Contribution à l'étude du canal de propagation à l'intérieur des bâtiments par simulations et mesures." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAR0029/document.
Full textHe continuous evolution of wireless communication systems in indoor environments requires the development of characterization and modeling tools for electromagnetic waves propagation, in order to answer the engineer's issues and needs and to ensure the best planning and an optimal operation of the communicating systems. The work carried out during this thesis concerns antenna radiation modeling, taking into account the environment complexity. The modeling method based on FDTD, detailed in this manuscript, provides efficiently and accurately the fields' strengths, taking account of propagation and radio waves interactions phenomena in any environment. Two main objectives of improvement were brought to this code. The first focused on improving its performance, and the second concerned the emission of multi-sources and the integration of a human body model in order to ensure more realism to modeling realized with this code. The validation of the FDTD code was done by comparative studies in three different environments. The first study concerned a wireless communication through metallic watertight doors on ship board. Good accuracy of the FDTD code was noticed by comparing the code's and measurements' results. The second study concerned the antenna radiation within a typical office environment. The results obtained by measurements were compared to those obtained by the FDTD code and other simulation tools (HFSS and the raytracing tool "Wireless lnsite"). They have shown that the FDTD code provides the most accurate results with an acceptable computational time and without big computer resources. The last study examined the human presence effect in a steel room. Measurements' and FDTD code's results were compared and a qood aqreement was obtained
Boukellal, Ghalia. "Détermination des paramètres non linéaires constitutifs de lois de comportement viscoélastique par mesures de champ dans des écoulements complexes." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00566767.
Full textOukaci, Boukellal Ghalia. "Détermination des paramètres non linéaires constitutifs de lois de comportement viscoélastique par mesures de champ dans des écoulements complexes." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00566767.
Full textToday "molecular-based" constitutive equations for polymer melts are able to link molecular structure to macroscopic response in rheometric flows. However, these models may fail in the case of strong, complex flows. In this thesis, we presented experimental results that allowed us to identify the nonlinear parameters of some viscoelastic constitutive equations for polymer melts using field measurements such as laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and Flow Induced Birefringence (FIB). This method was used for a polystyrene (PS) and a low density polethylene (LDPE). For both materials, stress and velocity field measurements were performed in a convergent flow geometry (for PS) and a flow contraction (for LDPE). A method for assessing and identifying a viscoelastic constitutive law (Marrucci and Ianniruberto for PS, and a "Pom-Pom"-like model for LDPE) were then developed. Moreover, for LDPE, the influence of temperature and flow rate on the size of a secondary flow recirculation (vortex) was investigated. The size of these latter depends on the relative importance of rheological properties in shear and elongation of the material
Mugeniwabagara, Epiphanie. "Intérêt des mesures de polarisation dynamique nucléaire induite chimiquement pour l'étude des photo-réactions de complexes polyazaaromatiques du Ru(II)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209596.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
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Cledel, Thomas. "Cyber-résilience des infrastructures critiques : analyse préventive des défaillances d’origine malveillante." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0180.
Full textThe property of resilience began to be studied in the fields of ecology and psychology before becoming of interest to researchers in economics, anthropology, civil infrastructure and more recently in computer science and information technology. Resilience is originally concerned with the survival and adaptation of a population to changes, but the case of infrastructures is different as survival may not be considered as an end goal but rather as a mean to another end: providing goods or services. Nevertheless, the protection of such infrastructures remains necessary and has long been accomplished in accordance with the paradigms of safety and dependability. However, these approaches require a detailed knowledge of the feared events that may affect the systems. Several events such as the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant or cyber-attacks such as StuxNet and BlackEnergy have highlighted several weaknesses in these paradigms.Research is therefore being conducted on the resilience of systems to address these weaknesses. The work presented in this thesis proposes a new model for assessing the resilience of a system by only having to detail its components and their relationships, whereas previous evaluation models focused on describing the threats and their impacts on the system
Ould, Moussa Nawel. "Photomagnetic properties of spin crossover complexes with multi-metastable states." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30036.
Full textThe aim of the present work was to develop a detailed picture of the photo-excitation process in some special spin crossover complexes, which exhibit more than one long-lived metastable states. We are interested in the effects of visible and infrared light irradiation on these systems. Such “multi-metastable spin crossover complexes” display actually an interesting and largely unexplored photophysics and hold also some promises as future candidates for storing and transferring information in molecular devices. In order to explore this topic, we have chosen five different systems: the mononuclear [Fe(ptz)6](BF4)2 complex (ptz = 1-propyleterazole) for which we demonstrate a clear decoupling between the crystallographic phase transition and the light-induced spin conversion and four binuclear complexes of the family {[Fe(L)(NCX)2]2bpym} (X = S or Se; L = bpym (2,2'-bipyrimidine) or bt (2,2'-bithiazoline)). This last study led to a number of original results, revealing for example wavelength-selective photomagnetic phenomena in these systems
Setiyanto. "Puissance déposée par les rayonnements gamma dans le réacteur Siloé : mesures par calorimétrie et calculs par le code GAMSET ; applications aux expériences complexes." Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0036.
Full textPiwowar, Julien. "Analyse des risques de malveillance sur systèmes complexes : anticipation et aide à la décision dans le cadre sécurité globale." Troyes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TROY0006.
Full textIncreased of economic, material or human flows, in ever-larger areas and in a reduced time imply a grow up need to secure these exchanges. This globalization is applied to all systems, which are connected through net-works today. In fact, the interdependence of each one lead to a global threat which generates risks of several malevolent procedures from simple degradation to terrorism. Now, it is not possible to manage the security of these complex systems with only mathematical methods or experimental judgments. So, it is the opportunity to develop a method combining analytical and behavioral science. The topic of the thesis is to build a general framework to capture the various characteristics of a system put in its environment with a holistic approach (systemic analysis). Then, the goal is to assess (with expert judgement) vulnerabilities associated to each component of the system and describe all critical paths using an adequate support with a global overview: human and goods flows, security systems, surveillance networks with closed-Circuit Television (CCTV), etc. The purpose of such a methodology is to permit stakeholders to simulate attacks on their infrastructure, according to several profiles of aggressors in a evoluating and dynamic con-text. Especially, it is a decision making tool to optimize security at all points of the system and to observe the global associated effects, and consequently to emphasize the concept of anticipation
Ansel, Benoît. "Recherche et développement de nouvelles sécurités pour la protection et l'authentification de documents fiduciaires." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S098.
Full textFighting against forgery and counterfeiting of secured documents is a constant challenge. To secure efficiently banknotes and passports, the use of molecular materials is an exclusive way. The collaboration between the Laboratory of Organometallic for Optics and Oberthur Technologies made possible to develop two new security systems. These securities are based , on one hand, on the use of bipyridine derivatives with colours changing under microwaves, and, on the other hand, on the use of P-type and T-type photochromic compounds with a succession of colours changing under UV-Visible lights irradiation and heating. After a first chapter making an overview of the last innovations in the security field, the last two chapters describe the results obtained on the development of two new secured devices
Guellec, Corentin. "Caractérisation en fatigue à grand nombre de cycles par mesures d’auto-échauffement des aciers d’arbres de transmission pour application navale sous chargements cycliques complexes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENTA0001.
Full textMarine shaft lines undergo complex cyclic loadings. In order to characterize these structures in fatigue, two complementary objectives are achieved. Firstly, the marine shaft’s loads are characterized in order to identify relevant fatigue cycles. During this step, an original parametric fatigue design method is implemented. This method is based on the definition of an equivalent load considering multiaxiality, variability, non-proportionality and mean stress. This method allows to distinguish two damage modes with a mode associated with the established cyclic regime of rotary bending and a mode associated with the ship’s maneuvers. Secondly, a rapid characterization method is implemented to characterize in fatigue the marine shafts’ steels for a large number of loading configurations. The method is based on a model which enables fatigue identification behaviors from self-heating measurements. The steels of the study are characterized in tension-torsion for various configurations of mean stress and nonproportionality of the loading. In this context, the notion of iso-self-heating surfaces is introduced. It allows, for a specimen, to model the elastoplastic and dissipative behavior of the material in the dedicated stress space. Their use makes it possible to define a multiscale fatigue criterion based on the invariants of the stress tensor. In the study, a modeling of the behavior of the material is proposed for very low amplitude loads (VHCF) exhibiting a strong difference in dissipation compared to the regime of higher amplitudes (i.e. HCF domain)
Bekkouche, Réda. "Contribution à la conception sure de systèmes complexes, critiques et distribués." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30172.
Full textEl, Kharbachi Abdelouahab. "Etude des réactions complexes en phase solide pour stockage d'hydrogène." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENI010.
Full textHydrides for solid-state hydrogen storage are one of the future solutions - pollutant free - for the storage and the transport of energy. Among the candidates, LiBH4 was selected considering its high gravimetric hydrogen capacity (up to 13.6 wt.% H2). This material has thermodynamic and kinetic properties insufficiently established to be included in future applications. Its decomposition can be facilitated within the presence of the hydride MgH2. Thus, the composite MgH2-xLiBH4 (0< x< 3.5) reactivated by high energy ball-milling, was studied regarding its microstructural properties and stability of the phases. The desorption reaction of hydrogen, with or without additives, shows the appearance of additional phases accompanying the principal reaction. Heat capacity measurements of LiBH4 revealed the presence of an abnormal behaviour before the polymorphous transition (Ttrs = 386 K), attributed to the increase of crystal defects in agreement with the existence of a hypo-stoichiometric domaine LiBH4-ε observed at higher temperatures. The stability of the three-phase system LiBH4-LiH-B was studied resulting to the principal reaction of decomposition: LiBH4(s,l) → LiH(s) + B(s) + 1,5H2(g). Vapour pressure measurements of LiBH4 showed that H2 is the major component of decomposition with minor species such as B2H6 and BH3. The thermodynamic properties of LiBH4 were critically assessed, gathering the new data with those existing in the literature, in the aim of modelling of reactions occurring in hydride mixtures
Benhani, El mehdi. "Sécurité des systèmes sur puce complexes hétérogènes." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES016.
Full textThe thesis studies the security of the ARM TrustZone technology in the context of complex heterogeneous SoCs. The thesis presents hardware attacks that affect elements of the SoCs architecture and it also presents countermeasure strategies
Serfaty, Xavier. "Mesures de l'activité de l'enzyme NADPH oxydase du neutrophile (NOX2) en système compartimenté et mise au point de protéoliposomes géants pour l'étude concertée de son assemblage et de sa fonction." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS243/document.
Full textThe membrane multimeric metalloenzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX2) from neutrophil is implied in several essential physiological functions including the immune response, by strongly contributing to the destruction of pathogens or other invaders of the human body. Physiological functions of NOX2 are fulfilled by its chemical function of catalyst of superoxide anion production via the monoelectron dioxygen reduction on one face of the membrane, simultaneously to the NADPH bielectron oxidation on the other face of the membrane. Studies of biochemical features of the whole enzyme, including its activation and regulation mechanisms linked to the macromolecular assembly, is done in vitro by using neutrophil membrane fractions (MF), which are small vesicles containing NOX2, and by using the recombinant cytosolic proteins (p67phox, p47phox, p40phox and Rac1/2) essential for its function, in presence of an activator molecule such as arachidonic acid (AA), a fatty acid. The historical technics to measure the NOX2 enzyme activity is the superoxide anion detection by a protein probe, the Cytochrome c (Cytc). In this system, NOX2 catalyses the production of superoxyde anions towards the inside of MF vesicles and the superoxide anions are detected outside. In correlation with literature, the present research shows that the enzyme activity determined via the detection of superoxide anions by the Cytc is lower that the activity determined from NADPH consumption measurement. The source of the problem includes potentially constraints of membrane permeability, of membrane and protein structure, of protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions, of the relevance of the probe and of secondary reactions. These hypotheses have been tested by various means including notably global kinetics measurements and NOX2 activity measurements in various conditions with three different observables (NADPH, Cytc, dioxygen), in presence of detergent or ionophore, by varying temperature, Cytc concentration, substrate concentration, AA concentration or still preincubation time. Secondary reactions existence has also been probed by electrochemistry. This study shows that the measurement of the superoxide anion production is limited by membrane permeability and secondary reactions and that the usual Cytc concentration is non-saturating, and unexpectedly that the MF catalyses the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide by a thermolabile component. It is currently very hard to measure simultaneously the NADPH oxidase activity and the assembly of the whole complex. The second objective of my thesis was consequently to develop giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV) with NOX2 integrated into their membranes. This to be able to observe the complex assembly by fluorescence microscopy and simultaneously to measure the superoxide anion production by electrochemistry under microscope. The development of GUV with MF at the membrane (MF-GUV) has been successful, but without confirmation of NOX2 integration in the GUV membrane. The assembly of cytosolic proteins on the external face of the membrane was studied on GUV and on MF-GUV, leading to the discovery that membrane anchor of these proteins is possible only in presence of AA and is mostly due to lipids, NOX2 playing a minor role. Study of interactions between cytosolic proteins and internal face of the GUV membrane must be optimised. It was possible in GUV to detect qualitatively NOX2 activity by electrochemistry and by fluorescence, (Amplex-Red), but this point should still be optimised
Madani, Tarik. "Identification expérimentale de comportements élastoplastiques de matériaux hétérogènes pour des sollicitations complexes." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS173.
Full textThe present work follows a first approach where a strategy for identifying the shape and the parameters of cohesive-zone laws has been developed for homogeneous materials. The extension of this method to heterogeneous material requires the knowledge of the local stress state.The study aims at developing a local characterization method for mechanical properties and stresses. This method is based on the constitutive equation gap principles and relies on the knowledge of mechanical kinematic fields and particularly of the strain fields. These fields are obtained by the numerical differentiation of displacement fields measured by digital image correlation.This identification method is based on the iterative minimization of an energy norm involving the secant elastoplastic tensor. Various numerical simulations were used to illustrate the performance of the procedure for locally identifying heterogeneous property fields, and to characterize its robustness and its stability with respect to noise to the values of the algorithm initialization parameter and to the mesh refinement.Finally, various experimental tests with different specimen geometries were performed and a test has been developed to obtain a controlled heterogeneous initial state. The multilinear elastoplastic identification results showed the ability of the method to identify the local behavior properties on heterogeneous materials
Derennes, Pierre. "Mesures de sensibilité de Borgonovo : estimation des indices d'ordre un et supérieur, et application à l'analyse de fiabilité." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30039.
Full textIn many disciplines, a complex system is modeled by a black box function whose purpose is to mimic the real system behavior. Then, the system is represented by an input-output model, i.e, a relationship between the output Y (the observation made on the system) and a set of external parameters Xi (typically representing physical variables). These parameters are usually assumed to be random in order to take phenomenological uncertainties into account. Then, global sensitivity analysis (GSA) plays a crucial role in the handling of these uncertainties and in the understanding of the system behavior. This study is based on the estimation of importance measures which aim at identifying and ranking the different inputs with respect to their influence on the model output. Variance-based sensitivity indices are one of the most widely used GSA measures. They are based on Sobol's indices which express the share of variance of the output that is due to a given input or input combination. However, by definition they only study the impact on the second-order moment of the output which may a restrictive representation of the whole output distribution. The central subject of this thesis is an alternative method, introduced by Emanuele Borgonovo, which is based on the analysis of the whole output distribution. Borgonovo's importance measures present very convenient properties that justify their recent gain of interest, but their estimation is a challenging task. Indeed, the initial definition of the Borgonovo's indices involves the unconditional and conditional densities of the model output, which are unfortunately unknown in practice. Thus, the first proposed methods led to a high computational burden especially since the black box function may be very costly-to-evaluate. The first contribution of this thesis consists in proposing new methodologies for estimating first order Borgonovo importance measures which quantify the influence of the output Y relatively to a scalar input Xi. First, we choose to adopt the reinterpretation of the Borgonovo indices in term of measure of dependence, i.e, as a distance between the joint density of Xi and Y and the product distribution. In addition, we develop an estimation procedure combining an importance sampling procedure and Gaussian kernel approximation of the output density and the joint density. This approach allows the computation of all first order Borgonovo with a low budget simulation, independent to the model dimension. However, the use of Gaussian kernel estimation may provide inaccurate estimates for heavy tail distributions. To overcome this problem, we consider an alternative definition of the Borgonovo indices based on the copula formalism
Chari, Abdelhamid. "Étude de la diffusion de l'hydrogène dans le silicium : interactions avec les impuretés." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112297.
Full textDuverger-Nédellec, Elen. "Transitions vers des états électroniques complexes et des structures super périodiques dans les bronzes mono phosphates de tungstènes." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC239/document.
Full textConductive materials with low electronic dimensionality can present some transitions toward complex electronic states as superconductivity, Spin Density Waves (SDW) and Charge Density Waves (CDW). The coexistence of several of these instabilities in the same material leads to bustling investigations on new quasi-bidimensional conductors. In this thesis, we chose to study the MonoPhosphate Tungsten Bronzes with pentagonal channels family (MPTBp), of chemical formula (PO2)4(WO3)2m ; one of the main interests of this family is the possibility to directly control the compound’s dimensionality and its carriers density by varying m value (2 ≤ m ≤ 14). In the literature, it’s been shown that some MPTBp members (m=4, 5, 6) present successive CDW states whereas others (m=10) show ferroelectric-type orders. The aim of this thesis is thus to bring into light the effect of the material’s dimensionality on the appearance and the stability of these electronic states in the MPTBp family. In this way, transport measurements, X-Rays diffraction studies of the commensurate and incommensurate modulated structures below and above each transition and inelastic scattering measurements were done on several members with even value of m. In this work we reveal the existence of a CDW state for the m=2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 members, characterized by the formation of tungsten clusters in some areas of the crystal. For the m=8 and 10 members, the CDW is accompanied by a gradual installation of an anti-ferroelectric-like ordering of the tungsten atoms displacements. A CDW depinning phenomenon was observed for the quasi-unidimensional m=2 member, which has never been reported before in the MPTBp family. A strong electron-phonon coupling was evidenced for the high terms of the family (m ≥ 8) by structural analysis, first order resistive transitions observation and by X-Rays inelastic scattering measurements. For these high terms, an order-disorder transition must be considered
Bellini, Sarah. "Multispectral optics in complex media : theory and application to dense microalgal media in a context of mass cultivation monitoring." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0031/document.
Full textAutotrophic microalgae are seen as a promising source of biomass for various applications such as chemicals extraction, animal and human food, energy production and environment cleaning. Consequently, the global mass production of microalgae has largely increased over the last decade. However, the current techniques used for the characterization of the algal cells all along the growth process require time-consuming sample preparation, a large amount of costly, standard instrumentation and cannot usually be performed in situ.New tools are needed to optimize the monitoring of the cultivation process by providing a faster measurement of the microalgal cells physical and chemical states. For this purpose, utilizing visible (VIS) and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is looked as a promising solution. Moreover, previous studies demonstrated that the spectral absorption and scattering properties of microalgal suspensions in the VIS-NIR domain depend heavily on the chemical characteristics (pigments) and physical characteristics of the cells (size, density of the cells). In a context of cultivation process, cell density in the culture medium is very high (10^6-10^9 cell/mL) which makes the multi-scattering phenomena significant. However, recent studies have showed that the data extraction from spectroscopic measurements performed on turbid samples is highly complicated by the influence of the scattering phenomena on the spectra, making the classical processing methods based on the assumption of Beer law irrelevant. This thesis addresses the issue of retrieving information about the physiological state of microalgal cells from spectral measurements performed on non-diluted, dense bulk culture media. For this purpose, our approach includes successive guidelines, corresponding to different scales of description. First, the scale of the bulk algal aliquot is considered: the apparent spectral properties are defined, and the practical issue of measuring them with an adapted setup is investigated. In particular, a double-integrating sphere setup, as well as a complete measurement protocol are implemented. Second, the intrinsic linear spectral properties of the dense algal medium are defined, and the links between the intrinsic and apparent spectral properties are investigated. The formalism of the radiative transport equation (RTE) is used for this purpose, as it rigorously models the physical phenomena due to multiple scattering. Solving the RTE must be implemented in practice with an approximation or simulation method. In this work, we investigate in particular the Adding-Doubling method and its inverse, which have been proved to be adapted to the case of highly turbid organic tissues and materials. Third, the scale of an individual algal cell is considered. In this thesis we have developed a simulation program called AlgaSim based of the extended Mie theory, which makes it possible to simulate the spectral absorption and scattering properties of an algal cell described by its physiological characteristics, such as its mean size and dry weight, proportions of different cell materials and pigment quantity and composition. The links between the chemical and physical properties of an algal cell and its spectral properties are thus investigated.Finally, a complete method is proposed to link all the scales of description. In particular, the links between the intrinsic spectral properties of an algal medium and the individual properties of the constitutive cells are considered. By organizing all the paradigms previously investigated, it is possible to implement a complete model linking the physiological description of the constitutive algal cells to the apparent spectral properties measured on a dense culture sample. The method and its inverse are tested on real algal samples. They show promising primary results, proving the operational potential of VIS-NIR spectroscopy for the monitoring of dense algal cultures
Bertin, Bruno. "Système d'acquisition et de traitement des signaux pour la surveillance et le diagnostic de système complexe." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI241.
Full textShao, Guokuan. "Équidistribution des zéros de sections holomorphes aléatoires par rapport à des mesures modérées." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS141/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates the equidistributions of zeros of random holomorphic sections of line bundles for moderate measures. It consists of two parts. In the first part, we construct a large family of singular moderate measures on projective spaces. These measures are generated by quasi-plurisubharmonic functions with Holder potentials.The second part deals with an equidistribution property in general settings. We establish an equidistribution theorem in the case of several big line bundles endowed with singular metrics. A precise convergence speed for the equidistribution is obtained
Nguyen, Van Sang Franck. "Étude de mesures non-uniformément hyperboliques pour les applications méromorphes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD066/document.
Full textWe prove a Closing Lemma for nonuniformly hyperbolic measures of meromor-phic maps. We prove also a theorem of approxiamtion of the dynamics of such measures by Bernoulli coding maps
Morini, Matteo. "Tools for Understanding the Dynamics of Social Networks." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN075/document.
Full textThis thesis provides the reader with a compendium of applications of network theory; tailor-madetools suited for the purpose have been devised and implemented in a data-driven fashion. In the first part, a novel centrality metric, aptly named “bridgeness”, is presented, based on adecomposition of the standard betweenness centrality. One component, local connectivity, roughlycorresponding to the degree of a node, is set apart from the other, which evaluates longer-rangestructural properties. Indeed, the latter provides a measure of the relevance of each node in“bridging” weakly connected parts of a network; a prominent feature of the metric is its agnosticism with regard to the eventual ground truth community structure.A second application is aimed at describing dynamic features of temporal graphs which are apparent at the mesoscopic level. The dataset of choice includes 40 years of selected scientific publications.The appearance and evolution in time of a specific field of study (“wavelets”) is captured,discriminating persistent features from transient artifacts, which result from the intrinsically noisy community detection process, independently performed on successive static snapshots. The concept of “laminar stream”, on which the “complexity score” we seek to optimize is based, is introduced.In a similar vein, a network of Japanese investors has been constructed, based on a dataset which includes (indirect) information on co-owned overseas subsidiaries. A hotly debated issue in the field of industrial economics, the Miwa-Ramseyer hypothesis, has been conclusively shown to be false, at least in its strong form
Gharbi, Amira. "Sur la stabilité et l’estimation des attracteurs de systèmes complexes fortement nonlinéaires." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0008/document.
Full textA new approach of the estimation of the error between the desired output of a nonlinear complex system and the real one’s is studied by the use of Borne-Gentina vector norm approach and the Benrejeb arrow form description.A new technique of definition of the attractors characterizing the precision of control laws is defined, implementing successive improved determinations. The research of control laws by various types of state or output feedback in presence of uncertainties is proposed, based on a local linearization and control of the system.A special attention has been devoted to the control of nonlinear Lur’e Postnikov type systems
Le, Maire Pauline. "Caractérisation des anomalies magnétiques, approches théoriques et expérimentales : applications à des objets anthropiques et géologiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAH006/document.
Full textMagnetic anomalies recorded outside bodies provide high quality information relative to buried structures. By using theoretical and experimental developments, this thesis aims to improve the characterization of the source inducing the magnetic anomaly. Firstly, some properties of three dimensional magnetic functions are presented, for example the presence of several maxima of the analytic signal operator (3D) is demonstrated. The Nabighian (1972) equation is generalized, which imply a new process to study potential method in two dimensions. These developments enable a new visualization of the anomaly in the complex field. The second approach is experimental. Synthetic cases are used to estimate the contribution of different configurations of magnetic data acquisitions at different altitudes to characterize the magnetic source. Theoretical and experimental developments are finally applied to two field examples: oceanic magnetic anomalies and archaeological magnetic prospection
Michau, Alexandre. "Dépôts chimiques en phase vapeur de revêtements à base de chrome sur surfaces complexes pour environnements extrêmes : expérimental et simulation." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0088/document.
Full textNuclear fuel cladding tubes resistance against high temperature oxidation during accident conditions is crucial because it means protecting the first containment barrier. This can be done by coating the inner wall of the cladding tube with CVD processes, which are most likely to do so. More specifically, we used DLI-MOCVD to grow chromium based (Cr(S), metallic crystalline chromium) and chromium carbides based (amorphous chromium carbides CrxCy, recycled CrxCy, silicon doped CrxSizCy) coatings, known for their good oxidation resistance. The coating process was optimized using numerical modelling to improve coatings performance. A reaction kinetics model of the deposition process of amorphous CrxCy coatings was adjusted and validated after the identification of the chemical mechanism. It was also shown that the liquid solution containing organometallic precursor (bis(arene)chromium) and solvent (toluene) could be directly recycled, thereby increasing the industrialization potential of such process. Physical, chemical and structural properties of coatings deposited with this process were characterized. A study of the coatings mechanical properties has also been undertaken. It shows that compared to related coatings grown with other processes, those deposited by DLI-MOCVD exhibit a particularly high hardness (up to 30 GPa), compressive residual stresses, good adhesion with the substrate and finally a different abrasive wear resistance depending on the temperature. The assessment of their oxidation resistance at 1200 °C revealed excellent performances of amorphous chromium carbides coatings, which can delay catastrophic oxidation up to two hours with only a 10 µm thickness. All the other coatings only increase the thermal resistance of zircaloy substrates
El, Alaoui El Abdallaoui Habib. "Étude de la structure et de la dynamique de molécules phosphorylées et de leurs complexes métalliques par mesures du temps de relaxation spin-réseau des noyaux #3#1p, #1#3c et #1#7o en solution et RMN à l'état solide." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10184.
Full textMAILLARD, GREGORY. "Chaines a liaisons completes et mesures de Gibbs unidimensionnelles." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005285.
Full textMa, Zelong. "Extension du modèle de tracé de rayons vectoriels complexes et application à la caractérisation d'une particule non-sphérique." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR053/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the extension of Vectorial Complex Ray Model (VCRM)developed in the laboratory and its application in the characterization of large nonspherical particles. In various research domains, such as the uid mechanics and the combustion field, we need to measure the characteristics of the particles. Among di_erent kinds of measurement techniques, the optical metrology is largely employed due to its advantage of being accurate, reliable and non-intrusive. However, in many optical techniques, the shape of the particles is assumed to be spherical. The main reason of this limit is due to the lack of theoretical model to describe with precision the interaction of light with large non-spherical particles. The Vectorial Complex Ray Model has been developed to reply this demand. It is based on the ray model but a radical improvement has been done by introducing a new property the wave front curvatures in the ray model. In this thesis, the model is firstly applied to reexamine the Airy theory. It is shown that even in the case of spherical particle VCRM predicts better the intensity and positions of supernumerary bows of rainbow than the Airy theory. Then VCRM is applied to investigate the properties of the rainbows formed by a spheroidal (prolate or oblate) particle. It is shown that VCRM can predict analytically the positions and the intensity of supernumerary bows and the peaks due to the focal effect when it is illuminated by a plane wave in the symmetrical plane.The theoretical research results have been also applied to the experimental characterization of a pendant drop. The intensity ratio of the two first orders of rainbow is shown sensible to the aspect ratio of the equivalent spheroid and it opens a potential to develop a measurement technique to characterize the deformation of pendant drop
Toulon, Bruno. "La mesure d'amplitudes complexes par interférométrie à décalage multi-latéral." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441279.
Full textToulon, Bruno. "La mesure d’amplitudes complexes par interférométrie à décalage multi-latéral." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112222.
Full textNumerous wave front sensors have been proposed. Among the most used for the measurement of classical aberrations, lateral shearing interferometer is well-known. The purpose of this study was to measure more complex wave fronts: the first stage of complexity was the addition of discontinuities (for example a phase step). The measurement of this kind of surfaces proved useful for coherently combining laser fibers during the CAN project (Coherent Amplification Network). It aims at demonstrating the combining of 64 passive fibers. Moreover, thanks to special features of the interferometer, we showed a step-selective measurement method, which enable to analyze slowly-varying, continuous aberrations separately from steps. Finally, the complete information extraction makes it possible to measure both the phase and the amplitude of a luminous wave and thus to completely characterize the wave at a point. More than a wave front sensor, the interferometer is a complex amplitude sensor, that is of electromagnetic field. This measurement ability was demonstrated by the characterization of sub-wavelength gratings. Moreover, we showed that the analysis of electromagnetic fields in the presence of phase dislocation (or vortex) is possible. This paves the way of new applications, such as non-intrusive measurement of surfaces or flux, which strongly modify the phase of the incident beam
Bouchaudy, Anne. "Séchage microfluidique de fluides complexes : champs de concentration, diffusion collective et mesure in situ de contraintes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0192/document.
Full textDrying complex fluids is an original technique to study their properties. Solvent extraction enables the continuous concentration of fluids from a dilute to a solid state. The use of the microfluidic scale allows one to limit side effects and simplify experiments, observations and modeling. This project mainly describes the drying of colloidal dispersions in two confined geometries: microfluidic channels and confined droplets between two plates. With these two techniques, we estimate collective diffusion for a water/glycerol mixture and a model dispersion of charged silica nanoparticles over the whole concentration range. Moreover, the drying of complex fluids often induces mechanical stresses which are the root for deformation, delamination phenomena and cracks. We developed an original technique to measure these stresses in situ. For a model colloidal dispersion, we evidenced experimentally that these forces arise from a liquid to solid state transition. The increase of these stresses is then associated with the drying of a poroelastic gel
Quagliaro, Laurence. "Une nouvelle méthode pour l'analyse quantitative de la sûreté de fonctionnement des systèmes : la méthode des graphes fictifs." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD657.
Full textThuery, Pierre. "Transitions de spin dans la chimie moléculaire du cobalt(ii) et du fer (ii)." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112341.
Full textThis work mainly deals with the spin crossover phenomenon in cobalt (II) molecular chemistry. The synthesis of a series of five- and six coordinated complexes, with Schiff bases as equatorial ligands and various apical ones, are reported. The temperature dependances of magnetic susceptibilities and EPR spectra are used to study the influence of the environment on the metal ion spin state. The behaviours observed are interpreted on the basis of simple models. Evidence is provided for thermally induced s = 1/2 - s -= 3/2 spin crossovers. In other respects, a correlation can be established between the geometry and spin state of these complexes and their ability to activate molecular oxygen. In order to specify the spin-crossover mechanism, structural and thermodynamic techniques are used: the ingle-crystal X-ray structure of one of the compounds is reported ; the mean variation of metal-ligand distances upon transition is evaluated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy; enthalpy and heat capacity changes, measured by DSC, are compared with the values calculated on the basis of a phenomenological model. A new means of detecting the crossover, by using its effect on the EPR spectrum of a Cu(II)doping ion, is described in the case of an iron (II) complex
Craman, Michel. "Conception et réalisation d'un système de mesure automatique des permittivités diélectriques complexes." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT087H.
Full textSunny, Anupa. "Complexity measures through the lens of two-player games and signatures of the hypercube." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7070.
Full textComplexity measures of Boolean functions capture various aspects of the hardness of computing a function and their study is about finding connections between different complexity measures. In the first part of this thesis, we introduce and study Certificate Game complexity, a measure of complexity based on the probability of winning a game in which two players are given inputs with different function values and are asked to output some index i where their inputs differ, in a zero-communication setting. We give upper and lower bounds for private coin, public coin, shared entanglement and non-signaling strategies, and give some separations. We show that complexity in the public coin model is bounded above by Randomised query and Certificate complexities. On the other hand, it is bounded below by fractional certificate complexity, making it a good candidate to prove strong lower bounds on randomised query complexity. Complexity in the private coin model is bounded below by zero-error randomised query complexity. The quantum measure highlights an interesting and surprising difference between classical and quantum query models. While public coin certificate game complexity is bounded above by randomised query complexity, quantum certificate game complexity can be quadratically larger than quantum query complexity. We use non-signaling, a notion from quantum information, to give a lower bound of n on the quantum certificate game complexity of the OR function, whose quantum query complexity is Θ(√n) and then go on to show that this "non-signaling bottleneck" applies to all functions with high sensitivity, block sensitivity or fractional block sensitivity. We also consider the single-bit version of certificate games, where the inputs of the two players are restricted to having Hamming distance 1. We prove that the single-bit version of certificate game complexity with shared randomness is equal to sensitivity up to constant factors, thus giving a new characterization of sensitivity. On the other hand, the single-bit version of certificate game complexity with private randomness is equal to λ2, where λ is the spectral sensitivity. In the second part of this thesis, we revisit the celebrated proof of the sensitivity conjecture by Hao Huang. Using spectral techniques, Huang proved that every subgraph of the hypercube Hn of dimension n induced on more than half the vertices has maximum degree at least √n. Combined with earlier work, this completed a proof of the sensitivity conjecture. We show an alternate proof of Huang's result using only linear dependency of vectors associated with the vertices of the hypercube. Our approach helps gain insight on more structural properties of the induced subgraph in addition to the largest degree. In particular, we prove that in any induced subgraph of Hn with more than half the number of vertices, there are two vertices, one of odd parity and the other of even parity, each with at least n vertices at distance at most 2. As an application, we show that for any Boolean function f, the polynomial degree is bounded above by the product of 0-sensitivity and 1-sensitivity, s0(f)s1(f), a strictly stronger statement which implies Huang's theorem. We also obtain structural relations for induced subgraphs at distance 3. A key implement in Huang's proof was signed hypercubes with the property that every cycle of length 4 is assigned a negative sign. We take a detailed look at this signature and give a nearly optimal signature that uses the minimum number of negative edges while ensuring that every 4-cycle is negative. This problem turns out to be related to one of Erdös' problems on the largest 4-cycle free subgraph of the hypercube
Bonner, Chantal. "Classification et composition de services Web : une perspective réseaux complexes." Corte, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CORT0008.
Full textWeb services are building blocks for modular applications independent of any software or hardware platforms. They implement the service oriented architecture (SOA). Research on Web services mainly focuses on discovery and composition. However, complexity of the Web services space structure and its development must necessarily be taken into account. This cannot be done without using the complex systems science, including the theory of complex networks. In this thesis, we define a set of networks based on Web services composition when Web services are syntactically (WSDL) and semantically (SAWSDL) described. The experimental exploration of these networks can reveal characteristic properties of complex networks (small world property and scale-free distribution). It also shows that these networks have a community structure. This result provides an alternative answer to the problem of Web services classification by domain of interest. Indeed, communities don’t gather Web services with similar functionalities, but Web services that share many interaction relationships. This organization can be used among others, to guide compositions search algorithms. Furthermore, with respect to the classification based on Web services functional similarity for discovery or substitution, we propose a set of network models for syntactic and semantic representations of Web services, reflecting various similarity degrees. The topological analysis of these networks reveals a component structure and internal organization of thecomponents around elementary patterns. This property allows a two-level characterization of the notion of community of similar Web services that highlight the flexibility of this new organizational model. This work opens new perspectives in the issues of service-oriented architecture
Canivet, Eric. "Réconciliation et validation des mesures sur un système hydraulique complexe : le canal de Provence." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10011.
Full textHadziioannou, Celine. "Ondes sismiques en milieu complexe : mesure des variations temporelles des vitesses." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564110.
Full textHadziioannou, Céline. "Ondes sismiques en milieu complexe : mesure des variations temporelles des vitesses." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENU001/document.
Full textThe thesis concentrates on monitoring seismic speeds, especially in active fault zones. By correlating signals generated by background noise, one can estimate the Green's function of a medium. When continuously following these functions, wave speed changes in the medium can be detected. Monitoring methods are applied to data from an active fault zone in Parkfield, California, where two wave speed drops, which coincide with regional seismic events, are detected. The largest corresponds to an event close to the stations. Both speed drops are followed by a gradual postseismic relaxation. In order to understand the reliability of the measurements, we perform laboratory experiments. One interesting result of these experiments shows that an exact reconstruction of the Green's function is not necessary for monitoring, which opens up many possibilities of applications to seismology. Armed with this knowledge, the Parkfield data is analysed again. By improving the temporal resolution to 1 day, we show that the observed speed drop is coseismic with the Parkfield event. We establish that the speed fluctuations are not simply correlated to variations in noise source distribution obtained by beamforming. Finally, the developed methods are applied to an event in Japan. Since the array is spatially much larger than the one used at Parkfield, this data is analyzed to study the dependence between station-event distance and the measured seismic speed drop. STAR