Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mesure retardée'
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Arezki, Hasni. "Advanced Estimation Algorithms for Nonlinear Systems : Design Methods and Applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0128.
Full textA dynamical system models how a system evolves over time, governed by specific laws or equations. Ensuring the stability of such systems, under a given control action, is vital for predicting their long-term behavior. Stability analysis methods, such as Lyapunov's theory and Input-to-State Stability (ISS), provide essential tools to assess whether a system will remain stable. When direct measurements of all system states are not possible, estimation techniques, such as observers and estimators, play a crucial role in reconstructing internal states from available measurements, enabling effective feedback control. Then, developing advanced estimation schemes and observer design methods is the main motivation of this thesis. Towards this end, three major contributions are proposed in this thesis, as detailed below : 1. Analysis of Robust Moving Horizon Estimation (MHE) Schemes: Since the incremental exponential input/output-to-state stability (i-EIOSS) property is required to synthesize the parameters of the cost function in the MHE context, then, first, two numerical design procedures are proposed to ensure that a nonlinear system achieves i-EIOSS property and to compute the associated i-EIOSS parameters. Then, the robust stability of moving horizon estimation (MHE) is proven. Novel design conditions are established and advanced predictions techniques are introduced. 2. Contributions to LMI-based and high-gain-based Observers: This chapter is split into two parts: the first part deals with observer design for nonlinear systems via Linear Matrix Inequalities(LMIs). The main goal consists of showing that for some families of nonlinear systems, the LMI-based observer design techniques always provide an exponential convergent observer. The second part deals with high-gain observer methodology. A novel design method is proposed for systems with arbitrary nonlinear structures contrary to the standard results on high-gain observer methodology developed for triangular nonlinearities. 3. Contributions to observer design for nonlinear systems with delayed measurements: The main idea behind this consists of using a dynamic extension technique to transform a system with delayed nonlinear outputs into a system with linear outputs and a delay-dependent integral term in the dynamic process. Based on this transformation, novel and less conservative synthesis conditions are established, ensuring the exponential convergence of the observer despite the large values of the delay in the output measurements
Villeneuve, Rémy. "Réalisation et caractérisation de lignes à retard pour carcinotron aux fréquences centimétrique, millimétrique et térahertz." Limoges, 2010. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/9532d5f6-7ce6-4c89-b8fc-9e99a275536e/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4046.pdf.
Full textThe carcinotron (or backward wave oscillator) presents too great a decrease above 800 GHz. This decrease of yield is partly due to machining defects on its delay line. New machining techniques have been developed since and it is necessary to characterize them. Thus, methods for measuring losses and dispersion should be set up. Among them, three methods have been selected : two in progressive waves with guide and radiation coupling, and one in stationary wave with wave guide coupling. In the terahertz domain, measurement requires careful analysis, so the first measurements have been performed on identical delay lines, with a scale factor, but running at 10 and 100 GHz. The results obtained have enabled us to validate the different methods of measurement. Accordingly, the perspectives of a measurement on a line size operating at 1 THz are reviewed at the conclusion of this work
Mauborgne, Marie-Laure. "Création d'une bibliothèque d'activation photonucléaire et mesures de spectres d'émission de neutrons retardés." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2033.
Full textBoujrad, Abderrahman. "Etude et réalisation d'un TDC numérique dans le cadre du trigger du GANIL." Caen, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711468.
Full textDessagne, Philippe. "Etude de noyaux loin de la ligne de stabilité : mesures de masse et analyse de l'émission de particules retardées." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00395614.
Full textSchwartz, Heidi. "Instrumentation et mesures ultrasonores dans un écoulement d'air en couche limite : application à la détermination de l'angle d'incidence d'un aéronef." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4012.
Full textIn the field of aeronautics, the angle of attack of an aircraft is an essential flight parameter. The aim of this work is to analyze the systems based on measurements using ultrasonic times of flight, and to realize an aeronautic ultrasonic system. The probe that has been developed during this work is made of ultrasonic transducers, transmitters and receivers of ultrasonic waves. Measuring delays between these waves may allow the determination of the angle of attack, thanks to an analytical calculation. Limits of this formula are studied during this work because it may only be used in uniform fields. First of all, a numerical model based on the ray theory is developed to take into account the propagation effect of a turbulent boundary layer. Afterwards, experiments are conducted in an anechoic wind tunnel. The experimental delays obtained are similar to those calculated with the developed code. Furthermore, comparison between experimental delays and those calculated thanks te basic expressions of times of flight, shows similar results particularly at high angles. Finally, the angles of attack are determined thanks to measurements of ratio between experimental delays. The angle is deducted thanks to two different tools, a numerical abacus based on the developed code, and an analytical abacus. The results show that the analytical abacus is the most appropriate tool for determination of angles of attack. Indeed, the boundary layer part becomes negligible when ratio between delays is taken into account. The approximation of the code concerning the choice of the shots of rays used for the calculation may be the main source of errors
Feneuil, Bruno. "Éléments d'élaboration d'un vélocimètre optique sans contact et sans repères pour la mesure des vitesses linéaires faibles (de l'ordre de 10 cm /s)." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112400.
Full textThis study of feasibility depicts an optical velocimeter dedicated to low and linear speed measurement (≈10 cm /s) without touching or setting marks on the object in motion. This sensor involves two parallel light beams which successively scan the same randorn defects of a moving surface. Hence the two back-scattered signals: collected by photodiodes are ideally the same but for a delay inversely proportional to the speed to be measured. The velocimeter performances are highly dependent on the back scattered signals spectrum, the signal-to-noise ratio, and the algorithm used for delay estimation. Therefore investigations have been conducted towards: the theoretical and experimental analysis of the signals spectrum as well as the speed-to-delay transformation the sensor completes, the electronic set-up which involves a double synchronous modulation and detection with two separate frequencies for optimum background noise and cross-talk rejection, the realization of a high-speed algorithm for delay estimation. This algorithm represents the main originality and also the leading part of this study. It consists in a generalized delay-locked loop using LMS adaptive filtering
Dessagne, Philippe. "Etude de noyaux loin de la ligne de stabilite : mesures de masse et analyse de l'emission de particules retardees." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13217.
Full textVũ, Văn Yem. "Conception et réalisation d'un sondeur de canal multi-capteur utilisant les corrélateurs "cinq-ports" pour la mesure de propagation à l'intérieur des bâtiments." Paris, ENST, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENST0052.
Full textThe five-port correlator in microstrip technology consists of a ring with 5 arms and three diode power detectors. The ratio of two waves (Radio Frequency and Local Oscillator) is determined as a linear combination of the power levels measured at the five -port's outputs. Advantages of using five-port are its low-cost, its less sensibility to phase and amplitude imbalances and its operation in a wide frequency band. We propose a spatio-temporal channel sounder that consists of an 8 quasi-Yagi antenna elements and of 8 five-ports at reception The channel sounder designed for indoor propagation measurements follows us to measure time delay (TOA: Time Of Arrival) and Direction Of Arrival (DOA) in azimuth and in elevation of multi-path signals simultaneously. The DOA is estimated by measuring the phase difference of signals picked up by an antenna array and the estimation of TOA is based on the phase difference measured at two successive frequencies in the band from 2. 3 GHz to 2. 5 GHz with frequency step of 4 MHz at one five-port. The high resolution algorithm MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) associated with spatial smoothing pre-processing is used for TOA and DOA estimation. The simulation and measurement results show that we can estimate a number of signals bigger than the number of antenna elements. The proposed channel sounder has a low-cost and the measurement is performed simultaneously
Treangle, Clement. "Observateurs grand gain pour des systèmes non linéaires à sorties échantillonnées et retardées." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC251/document.
Full textThis manuscript deals with the synthesis of high gain observers for nonlinear systems with sampled and delayed outputs. Three contributions are proposed for consideration in this manuscript. The first contribution, for a class of Multi-input / Multi-output systems whose outputs are grouped into a single block, involves the problem of the acquisition process of output measurements (continuous, sampled, delayed or not) and proposes a common framework for all possible cases. The second contribution proposes a filtered high gain observer on this same class of systems in order to reduce the sensitivity to measurement noise, in the case where the output is continuous and then in the case where the latter is sampled. The last contribution aims to extend the standard high gain synthesis for a large class of uniformly observable Multi-input / Multi-output systems with continuous output measurements. For each of these contributions, it has been shown that the observation error of each of the proposed observers converges exponentially towards zero in the absence of uncertainties in the system. All these contributions have been illustrated through several examples from different fields of study
Boujrad, A. "Étude et réalisation d'un TDC numérique dans le cadre du trigger du GANIL." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711468.
Full textDufay, Paul. "Quantification of biases and uncertainties on the sodium void reactivity effect in the ASTRID core using integral measurements." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0334/document.
Full textThe nuclear energy is one of the cleanest energy in regard of greenhouse gas emission and despite its assets is only developed in few countries in the world. Safety remains an open issue for the future of this energy after the Fukushima accident . In France the 2006 law on the waste management ensures the development of a new generation of nuclear reactor and has lead to the Advanced Sodium Technology Reactor for Industrial Demonstration (ASTRID) which aims to bring an industrial and technological advanced answer to many issues of this century. One of the concerns in the sodium cooled fast reactor (SFR) technology is the loss of sodium coolant accident because it might lead to a snowball effect in the chain reaction if the sodium void reactivity effect (SVRE) is positive. When the sodium is removed from the core, two antagonistic effects arise that affect the neutron balance: one increases the reactivity of the core and is called the central component (CC) and the other is the leakage component (LC) with a negative feedback on the reactivity. Maximizing the last component is one of the answer to increase the inherent safety of the SFRs. That is why the CEA has developed an innovative core design: the “Cœur à Faible Vidange” (CFV : Core with low void effect) which exhibits a negative SVRE. However, such innovations have to be experimentally validated and the uncertainty on this reactivity effect has to be mastered. In support of SFRs the existing experimental data base is quite large (PRE-RACINE, CIRANO, BFS)
Zheng, Li. "Improving performance measurement of engineering projects : methods to develop indicators." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0006.
Full textPerformance measurement is essential to ensure the success of a project. To this goal, companies need to determine a system of performance measures, classically including cost and schedule measures, which provide the project manager with the project health status and help her or him to evaluate the project successes and failures. However, with the increasing complexity of projects and the absolute necessity to reach the project objectives, project managers cannot only rely on such information about cost and schedule to evaluate the project performance; they need to consider, for instance, other indicators such as the satisfaction of customer requirements, the technology maturity, etc. Moreover, they need to have a precise evaluation of these indicators values while the project is in progress, in order to monitor it at best so that it reaches its goals, and not only after the project ends, to only conclude on the project success or failure without any mean to react. Considering these two issues, the objectives of the thesis thus are to extend the number, scope and type of current project performance indicators with a proposal of complementary indicators, and to propose a method for designing project-specific indicators, in order to improve project performance measurement. To define supplementary indicators and elaborate such a method, we proceed by integrating good measurement practices from different engineering disciplines and illustrate our proposal on use cases. The thesis first introduces the notion of performance and characterizes performance measurement systems (PMSs); such systems offer a wide panel of models for organizational performance measurement. Focusing on PMSs, we provide some insights for project performance measurement. More precisely, we identify several issues highlighted in literature, relative to the limitations of current project performance measurement such as the need to balance lagging indicators (to control) with leading indicators (to monitor), and the need to construct performance indicators that are relevant to project-specific information needs. We then focus on project performance measurement and reviews literature in this domain. It highlights the issue of the unbalanced use of leading and lagging indicators. To bring a solution to the issue, we review literature of performance measurement in engineering disciplines, with a focus on systems engineering practices, especially a panel of 18 generic leading indicators that are currently engineered in guidance. A method has been proposed to adapt the set of systems engineering leading indicators to project management, thus resulting in developing the set of indicators to measure project performance. Moreover, focusing on standards and guides on measurement in systems and software engineering led us to identify other issues in project performance measurement, such as the difficulties to define indicators dynamically for a project, and how to collect and combine data in order to construct these indicators. We finally consider the methodological difficulties about designing relevant performance indicators. More precisely, we identify 3 issues: different opinions among researchers about the sources from where the indicators will be derived; the problem in relation to the transformation from data to indicators; and the association of data collection, analysis and report with project management processes. To solve these issues, we analyze good practices from the Practical Software and Systems Measurement, the ISO/IEC 15939 norm and the Project Management Body of Knowledge that proved to be able to address the identified issues respectively. This work results in a method integrating these practices to address the 3 identified issues in project performance measurement. The method is illustrated on a real project context. Evaluation of the method has been conducted in workshop of project managers, which confirmed the interest for the proposal
Genthon, Olivier. "Enrichissement d’un ensemble logiciel d’exploitation automatique des canaux : extension des bibliothèques de commandes et conception d’outils de diagnostics et de reconstitution de mesures." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066437.
Full textVolyanskiy, Kirill. "Etudes spectrales du bruit de phase dans les oscillateurs opto-électroniques micro-ondes à ligne à retard." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00392571.
Full textSorlin, Olivier. "Mesures de periode et de probabilite d'emission de neutrons retardes des isotopes #4#4s, #4#5#-#4#7cl a l'aide du spectrometre lise : leur implication pour la comprehension du rapport #4#8ca/#4#6ca dans le systeme solaire." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077262.
Full textStefano, Roberto de. "Détection et caractérisation de matières nucléaires par interrogation et activation neutronique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY028.
Full textIn the framework of homeland security and nuclear waste drum characterization, this work focused on the detection and characterization of nuclear materials by means of pulsed neutron interrogation. In the field of homeland security, pulsed neutron interrogation coupled do PVT plastic scintillators has been studied as a complementary method to the Associated Particle Technique (APT) studied in a former work to inspect cargo containers with fast tagged neutrons. The APT shows good performances to detect nuclear materials in metallic and ceramic cargo cover loads, but is poorly efficient when confronted to organic matrixes. In order to overcome this limit, this work investigates pulsed neutron interrogation to take advantage of neutrons thermalisation in the organic matrix between neutron generator pulses and to allow detecting prompt fission particles such as neutron and gamma rays in coincidences as a signature of nuclear materials presence. In addition, pulsed neutron interrogation offers the possibility to detect induced fission delayed gamma rays far from the neutron generator bursts, or in post-irradiation acquisitions, and strengthens the method. In the field of radioactive waste drums characterization, neutron activation analysis coupled to delayed gamma rays measurement applied to the characterization of a particular type of highly hydrogenated radioactive waste drum currently stored at CEA Cadarache is studied. A new numerical option called ACT (activation control card) validates the transport of induced fission delayed gamma rays in MCNP 6.1 transport code in order to apply delayed gamma rays measurement to the concerned radioactive waste drum. Although this technique shows poor performances to identify nuclear materials in the drum, some perspectives envisage studying other type of radioactive waste drums of smaller size
Pujol, Hadrien. "Antennes microphoniques intelligentes : localisation de sources acoustiques par Deep Learning." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC025.
Full textFor my PhD thesis, I propose to explore the path of supervised learning, for the task of locating acoustic sources. To do so, I have developed a new deep neural network architecture. But, to optimize the millions of learning variables of this network, a large database of examples is needed. Thus, two complementary approaches are proposed to constitute these examples. The first is to carry out numerical simulations of microphonic recordings. The second one is to place a microphone antenna in the center of a sphere of loudspeakers which allows to spatialize the sounds in 3D, and to record directly on the microphone antenna the signals emitted by this experimental 3D sound wave simulator. The neural network could thus be tested under different conditions, and its performances could be compared to those of conventional algorithms for locating acoustic sources. The results show that this approach allows a generally more precise localization, but also much faster than conventional algorithms in the literature
Weisz, Mario. "Electrothermal device-to-circuit interactions for half THz SiGe∶C HBT technologies." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14909/document.
Full textThe power generate by modern silicon germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) can produce large thermal gradients across the silicon substrate. The device opering temperature modifies model parameters and can significantly affect circuit operation. This work characterizes and models self-heating and thermal coupling in SiGe HBTs. The self-heating effect is evaluated with low frequency and pulsed measurements. A novel pulse measurement system is presented that allows isothermal DC and RF measurements with 100ns pulses. Electrothermal intra- and inter-device feedback is extensively studied and the impact on the performance of two analog circuits is evaluated. Novel test structures are designed and fabricated to measure thermal coupling between single transistors (inter-device) as well as between the emitter stripes of a multi-finger transistor (intra-device). Thermal coupling factors are extracted from measurements and from 3D thermal simulations. Thermally coupled simulations of a ring oscillator (RO) with 218 transistors and of a 60GHz power amplifier (PA) are carried out. Current mode logic (CML) ROs are designed and measured. Layout optimizations lead to record gate delay of 1.65ps. The thermal performance of a 60GHz power amplifier is compared when realized with a multi-transistor array (MTA) and with a multi-finger trasistor (MFT). Finally, perspectives of this work within a CAD based circuit design environment are discussed