Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mesure de similarité et multicritére'
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Serrai, Walid. "Évaluation de performances de solutions pour la découverte et la composition des services web." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC0032.
Full textSoftware systems accessible via the web are built using existing and distributed web services that interact by sending messages. The web service exposes its functionalities through an interface described in a computer-readable format. Other systems interact, without human intervention, with the web service according to a prescribed procedure using the messages of a protocol. Web services can be deployed on cloud platforms. This type of deployment causes a large number of services to be managed at the level of the same directories raising different problems: How to manage these services effectively to facilitate their discovery for a possible composition. Indeed, given a directory, how to define an architecture or even a data structure to optimize the discovery of services, their composition, and their management. Service discovery involves finding one or more services that meet the client’s criteria. The service composition consists of finding many services that can be executed according to a scheme and that satisfy the client’s constraints. As the number of services is constantly increasing, the demand for the design of architectures to provide not only quality service but also rapid responsetime for discovery, selection, and composition, is getting more intense. These architectures must also be easily manageable and maintainable over time. The exploration of communities and index structures correlated with the use of multi-criteria measures could offer an effective solution provided that the data structures, the types of measures, are chosen correctly, and the appropriate techniques. In this thesis, solutions are proposed for the discovery, the selection of services and their composition in such a way as to optimizethe search in terms of response time and the relevance of the results. The performance evaluation of the proposed solutions is carried out using simulation platforms
Hussain, Syed Fawad. "Une Nouvelle Mesure de Co-Similarité : Applications aux Données Textuelles et Génomique." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00525366.
Full textHussain, Syed Fawad. "Une nouvelle mesure de co-similarité : applications aux données textuelles et génomique." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENM049.
Full textClustering is the unsupervised classification of patterns (observations, data items, or feature vectors) into homogeneous and contrasted groups (clusters As datasets become larger and more varied, adaptations to existing algorithms are required to maintain the quality of cluster. Ln this regard, high¬dimensional data poses sorne problems for traditional clustering algorithms known as the curse of dimensionality. This thesis proposes a co-similarity based algorithm that is based on the concept of higher-order co-occurrences, which are extracted from the given data. Ln the case of text analysis, for example, document similarity is calculated based on word similarity, which in turn is calculated on the basis of document similarity. Using this iterative approach, we can bring similar documents closer together even if they do not share the same words but share similar words. This approach doesn't need externallinguistic resources like a thesaurus Furthermore this approach can also be extended to incorporate prior knowledge from a training dataset for the task of text categorization. Prior categor labels coming from data in the training set can be used to influence similarity measures between worlds to better classify incoming test dataset among the different categories. Thus, the same conceptual approach, that can be expressed in the framework of the graph theory, can be used for both clustering and categorization task depending on the amount of prior information available. Our results show significant increase in the accuracy with respect to the state of the art of both one-way and two-way clustering on the different datasets that were tested
Cayèré, Cécile. "Modélisation de trajectoires sémantiques et calcul de similarité intégrés à un ETL." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS042.
Full textOver the last decade, we have seen a rise in popularity of mobile applications based on phone location. These applications collect mobility tracks which describe the movement of users overtime. In the DA3T regional project, we hypothesise that the analysis of tourists’ mobility tracks can help planners in the management and enhancement of tourist areas. The objective is to design methods and tools to help analyse these tracks. This thesis focuses on the processing of mobility tracks and proposes a modular platform for creating and executing processing chains on these data. Throughout the modules of a processing chain, the raw mobility track evolves into semantic trajectories. The contributions of this thesis are: (i) a multi-level and multi-aspect semantic trajectory model and (ii) two measures that compute the similarity between two semantic trajectories along spatial, temporal and thematic dimensions. Our model (i) is used as a transition model between modules of a processing chain. We tested it by instantiating semantic trajectories from different datasets of various domains. Our two measures (ii) are integrated in our platform as processing modules. These measures present originalities: one is the combination of sub-measures, each allowing to evaluate the similarity of trajectories on the three dimensions and according to three different levels of granularity, the other is the combination of two bidimensional sub-measures centred around a particular dimension. We evaluated our two measures by comparing them to other measures and to the opinion of geographers
Bernier, Michaël. "Recalage multi-modal automatique : technique de multi-résolution parallèle appliquée à la TEP et l'IRM." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6274.
Full textBenabderrahmane, Sidahmed. "Prise en compte des connaissances du domaine dans l'analyse transcriptomique : Similarité sémantique, classification fonctionnelle et profils flous : application au cancer colorectal." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653169.
Full textRital, Soufiane. "Hypergraphe de Voisinage Spatiocolorimétrique. Application en traitement d'images : Détection decontours et du bruit." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011832.
Full textcette théorie et sur l'analyse de leur adéquation avec des problématiques de l'image et particulièrement la détection de contours et la suppression de bruit.
Dans un premier temps, nous étudions la représentation par hypergraphes de voisinage spatiocolorimétrique de l'image. Trois représentations sont présentées incorporant des propriétés globales, locales, des mesures de similarité et des mesures de dissimilarité.
Ensuite, on utilise les propriétés des hypergraphes engendrées par la représentation afin de définir des modèles structurels de bruit et de contour. Ceci nous permet ainsi de déduire des algorithmes de suppression de bruit et d'extraction de contours sur des images
à niveaux de gris et couleur. Les performances des approches proposées sont comparées aux solutions classiquement utilisées.
Enfin, la représentation par hypergraphe de voisinage
spatiocolorimétrique s'est avérée efficace pour
le traitement des images bas niveaux.
El, Khelifi Aymen. "Approche générique d’extraction automatique des événements et leur exploitation." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040189.
Full textIn the framework of our thesis, we proposed a generic approach for the automatic extraction of events and their exploitation. This approach is divided into four independent and reusable components. The first component of pretreatment, in which texts are cleaned and segmented. During the second stage, events are extracted based on our algorithm AnnotEC which has polynomial complexity. AnnotEC is associated with semantic maps and dedicated linguistic resources. We have proposed two new similarity measures SimCatégoreille and SimEvent to group similar events using clustering algorithms.Annotations, added throughout the first three steps, are used at the last component by summarizing files configurable by users. The approach was evaluated on a corpus of Web 2.0, we compared the obtained results with machine learning methods and linguistic compiling methods and we got good results
Mifdal, Jamila. "Application du transport optimal et des méthodes non locales dans la fusion d'images hyperspectrales et multispectrales." Thesis, Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIS537.
Full textThe world we live in is constantly under observation. Many areas such as offshore zones, deserts, agricultural land and cities are monitored. This monitoring is done throughout remote sensing satellites or cameras mounted on aircrafts. However, because of many technological and financial constraints, the development of imaging sensors with high accuracy is limited. Therefore, solutions such as multi-sensor data fusion overcome the different limitations an produce images with high quality. This thesis is about hyperspectral and multispectral image fusion. A hyperspectral image (HS) has a high spectral resolution and a low spatial resolution, whereas a multispectral image (MS) has a high spatial resolution and a low spectral resolution. The goal is the combination of the relevant information contained in each image into one final high resolution one. In this dissertation various methods for dealing with hyperspectral and multispectral image fusion are presented. The first part of the thesis uses tools from the optimal transport theory namely the regularized Wasserstein distances. The fusion problem is thus modeled as the minimization of the sum of two regularized Wasserstein distances. In the second part of this thesis, the hyperspectral and the multispectral fusion problem is presented differently. The latter is modeled as the minimization of four energy terms including a non-local term. Experiments were conducted on multiple datasets and the fusion was assessed visually and quantitatively for both fusion techniques. The performance of both models compares favorably with the state-of-the-art methods
Mazuel, Laurent. "Traitement de l'hétérogénéité sémantique dans les interactions humain-agent et agent-agent." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413004.
Full textLa plupart des approches segmentent ce traitement en fonction de l'émetteur de la demande (humain ou agent). Nous pensons au contraire qu'il est possible de proposer un modèle d'interaction commun aux deux situations. Ainsi, nous présentons d'abord un algorithme d'interprétation sémantique de la commande indépendant du type d'interaction (humain-agent ou agent-agent). Cet algorithme considère le rapport entre « ce qui est compris » de la commande et « ce qui est possible » pour la machine. Ce rapport intervient dans un système de sélection de réponses basé sur une mesure de degré de relation sémantique. Nous proposons ensuite une telle mesure, conçue pour prendre en compte plus d'informations que la plupart des mesures actuelles.
Nous étudions ensuite les implémentations que nous avons faites dans les cadres humain-agent et agent-agent. Pour l'implémentation humain-agent, l'une des spécificités est l'utilisation d'une langue naturelle, impliquant le besoin d'utiliser des outils de modélisation de la langue. Pour l'implémentation agent-agent, nous proposerons une adaptation de notre architecture, en s'appuyant sur des protocoles d'interactions entre agents.
Wang, Ilaine. "Syntactic Similarity Measures in Annotated Corpora for Language Learning : application to Korean Grammar." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100092/document.
Full textUsing queries to explore corpora is today part of the routine of not only researchers of various fields with an empirical approach to discourse, but also of non-specialists who use search engines or concordancers for language learning purposes. If keyword-based queries are quite common, non-specialists still seem to be less likely to explore syntactic constructions. Indeed, syntax-based queries usually require the use of regular expressions with grammatical words combined with morphosyntactic tags, which imply that users master both the query language of the tool and the tagset of the annotated corpus. However, non-specialists like language learners might want to focus on the output rather than spend time and efforts on mastering a query language.To address this shortcoming, we propose a methodology including a syntactic parser and using common similarity measures to compare sequences of morphosyntactic tags automatically provided
Belghith, Akram. "Indexation de spectres HSQC et d’images IRMf appliquée à la détection de bio-marqueurs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAD001/document.
Full textThe medical signal acquisition techniques are constantly evolving in recent years and providing an increasing amount of data which should be then analyzed. In this context, automatic signal processing methods are regularly proposed to assist the expert in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of these images in order to facilitate their interpretation. These methods should take into account the physics of signal acquisition, the a priori we have on the signal formation and the amount of data to analyze for a more accurate and reliable interpretation. In this thesis, we focus on the two-dimensional 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence HSQC spectra obtained by High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning HR-MAS NMR for biological tissue analysis and the functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging fMRI images for functional brain activities analysis. Each processed medical information will be characterized by a set of objects that we seek to extract, align, and code. The clustering of these objects by measuring their similarity will allow their classification and then the identification of biomarkers. It is this global content-based object indexing and retrieval scheme that we propose. We are interested in this thesis to properly model and integrate the a priori knowledge we have on these biological signal allowing us to propose there after appropriate methods to each indexing step and each type of signal
Scipioni, Angel. "Contribution à la théorie des ondelettes : application à la turbulence des plasmas de bord de Tokamak et à la mesure dimensionnelle de cibles." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10125.
Full textThe necessary scale-based representation of the world leads us to explain why the wavelet theory is the best suited formalism. Its performances are compared to other tools: R/S analysis and empirical modal decomposition method (EMD). The great diversity of analyzing bases of wavelet theory leads us to propose a morphological approach of the analysis. The study is organized into three parts. The first chapter is dedicated to the constituent elements of wavelet theory. Then we will show the surprising link existing between recurrence concept and scale analysis (Daubechies polynomials) by using Pascal's triangle. A general analytical expression of Daubechies' filter coefficients is then proposed from the polynomial roots. The second chapter is the first application domain. It involves edge plasmas of tokamak fusion reactors. We will describe how, for the first time on experimental signals, the Hurst coefficient has been measured by a wavelet-based estimator. We will detail from fbm-like processes (fractional Brownian motion), how we have established an original model perfectly reproducing fBm and fGn joint statistics that characterizes magnetized plasmas. Finally, we will point out the reasons that show the lack of link between high values of the Hurst coefficient and possible long correlations. The third chapter is dedicated to the second application domain which is relative to the backscattered echo analysis of an immersed target insonified by an ultrasonic plane wave. We will explain how a morphological approach associated to a scale analysis can extract the diameter information
Belghith, Akram. "Indexation de spectres HSQC et d'images IRMf appliquée à la détection de bio-marqueurs." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00712070.
Full textPhilippeau, Jérémy. "Apprentissage de similarités pour l'aide à l'organisation de contenus audiovisuels." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/564/.
Full textIn the perspective of new usages in the field of the access to audiovisual archives, we have created a semi-automatic system that helps a user to organize audiovisual contents while performing tasks of classification, characterization, identification and ranking. To do so, we propose to use a new vocabulary, different from the one already available in INA documentary notices, to answer needs which can not be easily defined with words. We have conceived a graphical interface based on graph formalism designed to express an organisational task. The digital similarity is a good tool in respect with the handled elements which are informational objects shown on the computer screen and the automatically extracted audio and video low-level features. We have made the choice to estimate the similarity between those elements with a predictive process through a statistical model. Among the numerous existing models, the statistical prediction based on the univaried regression and on support vectors has been chosen. H)
Escande, Paul. "Compression et inférence des opérateurs intégraux : applications à la restauration d’images dégradées par des flous variables." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESAE0020/document.
Full textThe restoration of images degraded by spatially varying blurs is a problem of increasing importance. It is encountered in many applications such as astronomy, computer vision and fluorescence microscopy where images can be of size one billion pixels. Variable blurs can be modelled by linear integral operators H that map a sharp image u to its blurred version Hu. After discretization of the image on a grid of N pixels, H can be viewed as a matrix of size N x N. For targeted applications, matrices is stored with using exabytes on the memory. This simple observation illustrates the difficulties associated to this problem: i) the storage of a huge amount of data, ii) the prohibitive computation costs of matrix-vector products. This problems suffers from the challenging curse of dimensionality. In addition, in many applications, the operator is usually unknown or only partially known. There are therefore two different problems, the approximation and the estimation of blurring operators. They are intricate and have to be addressed with a global overview. Most of the work of this thesis is dedicated to the development of new models and computational methods to address those issues
Etienne, Laurent. "Motifs spatio-temporels de trajectoires d'objets mobiles, de l'extraction à la détection de comportements inhabituels : application au trafic maritime." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667953.
Full textBouchard, Bruno. "La mesure de la similarité entre les points de vue de l'usager et de son agent artificiel à l'aide de la logique terminologique." Thèse, 2003. http://constellation.uqac.ca/748/1/17771798.pdf.
Full textId-Oumohmed, Ahmed. "Intégration d'une nouvelle approche sémantique basée sur les caractéristiques visuelles des concepts dans un système de recherche d'images par contenu et par texte." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16686.
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